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Adal Bhuiyan edited this page Oct 8, 2025 · 1 revision

🖥 Backend Development Roadmap

Backend development powers your application behind the scenes. It’s responsible for data processing, business logic, authentication, APIs, and more.

This guide covers everything — from fundamentals to advanced architectures and best practices.

1️⃣ Core Backend Concepts

  • Server Basics

    • Client-server architecture
    • HTTP & HTTPS
    • REST vs GraphQL
    • WebSockets

  • Databases

    • Relational Databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL)
    • NoSQL Databases (MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra)
    • Data modeling & schema design
    • Indexing & performance tuning

  • Authentication & Authorization

    • Session-based auth
    • Token-based auth (JWT, OAuth2)
    • Role-based access control (RBAC)
    • API key security

  • APIs

    • REST API design principles
    • GraphQL basics
    • API versioning
    • API documentation (Swagger, Postman)

2️⃣ Backend Languages & Frameworks

JavaScript / Node.js

  • Express.js
  • NestJS
  • Fastify
  • Serverless functions

Python

  • Django
  • Flask
  • FastAPI

Java

  • Spring Boot
  • Micronaut

Go

  • Gin
  • Echo

PHP

  • Laravel
  • Symfony

3️⃣ Advanced Backend Architecture

  • Microservices

    • Service decomposition
    • Communication between services (REST, gRPC, message queues)
    • Service discovery

  • Serverless Architecture

    • AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, Azure Functions
    • Event-driven backend
    • Pros & cons

  • Event-Driven Architecture

    • Message brokers (RabbitMQ, Kafka)
    • Pub/Sub pattern
    • Event sourcing

  • API Gateways

    • Rate limiting
    • Request authentication
    • Load balancing

4️⃣ Data Management & Scalability

  • Database sharding & replication
  • Caching strategies (Redis, Memcached)
  • Queue systems (RabbitMQ, AWS SQS)
  • CDN usage for static assets
  • Horizontal vs vertical scaling

5️⃣ Security Best Practices

  • Input validation & sanitization
  • Encryption (at rest & in transit)
  • Secure password storage (bcrypt, Argon2)
  • Preventing SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF
  • Logging & monitoring

6️⃣ DevOps & Workflow

  • Version control: Git
  • CI/CD pipelines (GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Jenkins)
  • Containerization: Docker
  • Orchestration: Kubernetes
  • Cloud Providers: AWS, Google Cloud, Azure
  • Infrastructure as Code: Terraform, Pulumi

7️⃣ Testing & Monitoring

  • Unit & integration testing
  • Load testing
  • API testing (Postman, Insomnia)
  • Monitoring & observability (Prometheus, Grafana, New Relic)

8️⃣ Recommended Projects

To master backend development, build projects such as:

  • REST API for a blog platform
  • Authentication service
  • E-commerce backend
  • Real-time chat server
  • Microservices-based system
  • Analytics platform

📚 Resources

Next: Proceed to DevOps.md to connect backend and infrastructure for production readiness.

"Backend is the brain of your application — design it with power, security, and scalability." 💾

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