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「変数のスコープ」の項をリライト #927
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「変数のスコープ」の項をリライト #927
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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@@ -104,61 +104,61 @@ document.write(multiply(3, 4)); | |
| ## <Term>変数</Term>の<Term>スコープ</Term> | ||
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| {/* prettier-ignore */} | ||
| <Term>関数</Term>内で<Term>宣言</Term>された<Term>変数</Term>は、<Term>関数</Term>内でのみ有効です。<Term>変数</Term>が有効な範囲のことを、その<Term>変数</Term>の<Term>**スコープ**</Term>と呼んでいます。 | ||
| <Term>関数</Term>やif文などの中で`let`や`const`を使って宣言された<Term>変数</Term>は、それらの内部でのみ有効です。<Term>変数</Term>が有効な範囲のことを、その<Term>変数</Term>の<Term>**スコープ**</Term>と呼んでいます。 | ||
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| {/* prettier-ignore */} | ||
| <Term>関数</Term>外で<Term>宣言</Term>された<Term>変数</Term>は<Term>関数</Term>内でも利用できます。 | ||
| 次の例では、<Term>関数</Term>`greet`の中で<Term>変数</Term>`message`を宣言しています。 | ||
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| ```javascript | ||
| function greet() { | ||
| let message = "Hello!"; | ||
| document.write(message); // Hello! と表示される | ||
| } | ||
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| greet(); | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ここで、<Term>関数</Term>の外側から`message`を利用しようとするとエラーになります。 | ||
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| ```javascript | ||
| function greet() { | ||
| let message = "Hello!"; | ||
| } | ||
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| greet(); | ||
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| // document.write(message); これはエラーになる | ||
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| ``` | ||
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| 一方で、<Term>関数</Term>の外側で宣言された<Term>変数</Term>を<Term>関数</Term>の内側から利用することは可能です。 | ||
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| ```javascript | ||
| let guestCount = 0; | ||
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| function greet() { | ||
| guestCount += 1; | ||
| guestCount = guestCount + 1; | ||
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Contributor
Author
There was a problem hiding this comment. Choose a reason for hiding this commentThe reason will be displayed to describe this comment to others. Learn more. ここで初出の |
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| document.write("あなたは" + guestCount + "人目のお客様です。"); | ||
| } | ||
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| greet(); // あなたは1人目のお客様です。 | ||
| greet(); // あなたは2人目のお客様です。 | ||
| ``` | ||
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| この例における、`greet`<Term>関数</Term>は、呼び出されるたびに`guestCount`に1を加えています。 | ||
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| :::tip[複合代入演算子] | ||
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| [**複合代入演算子**](https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%A5%E6%BC%94%E7%AE%97%E5%AD%90) は、計算と代入を同時に行うことができる演算子です。 | ||
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| `x += y`は、`x = x + y`という意味になります。他にも`-=`や`*=`などの演算子が定義されています。`x -= y`は`x = x - y`、`x *= y`は`x = x * y`という意味になります。 | ||
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| ```javascript | ||
| guestCount += 1; | ||
| ``` | ||
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| は以下の文のように読み替えられます。 | ||
| 上の例の | ||
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| ```javascript | ||
| guestCount = guestCount + 1; | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ::: | ||
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| :::warning[<Term>変数</Term>の<Term>**スコープ**</Term>] | ||
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| {/* prettier-ignore */} | ||
| <Term>スコープ</Term>が終わった<Term>変数</Term>は、その時点で破棄されます。 | ||
| は以下のように書き換えることができます。 | ||
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| ```javascript | ||
| let outer = 0; | ||
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| function increment() { | ||
| let inner = 0; | ||
| outer += 1; | ||
| inner += 1; | ||
| document.write(outer); // 1ずつ増える | ||
| document.write(inner); // 常に1 | ||
| } | ||
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| increment(); | ||
| increment(); | ||
| guestCount += 1; | ||
| ``` | ||
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| ::: | ||
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エラーになるサンプルコードを提供しない、という方針に従いコメントアウトしている