PostgreSQL Server Exporter

Prometheus exporter for PostgreSQL server metrics. Supported PostgreSQL versions: 9.0 and up to 10th.

Flags

Name	Description
web.listen-address	Address to listen on for web interface and telemetry.
web.telemetry-path	Path under which to expose metrics.
db.names	Comma-separated list of monitored DB.
db.consider-query-slow	Queries with execution time higher than this value will be considered as slow (in seconds). 5 seconds by default.
db.tables	Comma-separated list of tables to track. Pass * to track all tables from DSN database

Data source name

The PostgreSQL data source name must be set via the DATA_SOURCE_NAME environment variable. Format and available parameters is described at http://godoc.org/github.com/lib/pq#hdr-Connection_String_Parameters

Stats

Exporter will send following stats to prometheus

Buffers

• buffers_checkpoint - Number of buffers written during checkpoints
• buffers_clean - Number of buffers written by the background writer
• maxwritten_clean - Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning scan because it had written too many buffers
• buffers_backend - Number of buffers written directly by a backend
• buffers_backend_fsync - Number of times a backend had to execute its own fsync call (normally the background writer handles those even when the backend does its own write)
• buffers_alloc - Number of buffers allocated

Database

• numbackends - Number of backends currently connected to this database
• tup_returned - Number of rows returned by queries in this database
• tup_fetched - Number of rows fetched by queries in this database
• tup_inserted - Number of rows inserted by queries in this database
• tup_updated - Number of rows updated by queries in this database
• tup_deleted - Number of rows deleted by queries in this database
• xact_commit - Number of transactions in this database that have been committed
• xact_rollback - Number of transactions in this database that have been rolled back
• deadlocks - Number of deadlocks detected in this database
• temp_files - Number of temporary files created by queries in this database
• temp_bytes - Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in this database
• size_bytes - Database size
• cache_hit_ratio - Database cache hit ratio

Tables

• seq_scan - Number of sequential scans initiated on this table
• seq_tup_read - Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans
• vacuum_count - Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed (not counting VACUUM FULL)
• autovacuum_count - Number of times this table has been vacuumed by the autovacuum daemon
• analyze_count - Number of times this table has been manually analyzed
• autoanalyze_count - Number of times this table has been analyzed by the autovacuum daemon
• n_tup_ins - Number of rows inserted
• n_tup_upd - Number of rows updated
• n_tup_del - Number of rows deleted
• n_tup_hot_upd - Number of rows HOT updated (i.e., with no separate index update required)
• n_live_tup - Estimated number of live rows
• n_dead_tup - Estimated number of dead rows
• table_cache_hit_ratio - Table cache hit ration in percents
• table_items_count - Table overall items count
• table_size - Total table size including indexes in bytes

Slow queries

• slow_queries - Number of slow queries
• slow_select_queries - Number of slow SELECT queries
• slow_dml_queries - Number of slow data manipulation queries (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE)

Build and run

You need latest version of go to build.

go build
export DATA_SOURCE_NAME='user=username dbname=database password=password sslmode=disable'
./postgresql_exporter <flags>

Since we do not want to use superuser for monitoring, we need to create a separate user for it. It has no access to query details in pg_catalog.pg_stat_activity table. So you need also prepare SQL function in order to make work queries for slow-log if your PostgreSQL version is less than 10+. If your PostgreSQL version is 10+, you should use role pg_read_all_stats and use pg_catalog.pg_stat_activity table right without function and view (see below).
The function created by postgres user for your monitoring user, so monitoring user must use postgres database since pq: cross-database references are not implemented: error raised if you use another database for monitoring purposes. here is the function itself and setup:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.pg_stat_activity() RETURNS SETOF pg_catalog.pg_stat_activity
AS $BODY$
DECLARE
 rec RECORD;
BEGIN
    FOR rec IN SELECT * FROM pg_catalog.pg_stat_activity
    LOOP
        RETURN NEXT rec;
    END LOOP;
    RETURN;
END;
$BODY$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER;

CREATE GROUP monitoring;
CREATE USER monitoring LOGIN NOSUPERUSER;
ALTER GROUP monitoring ADD USER monitoring;
CREATE SCHEMA monitoring;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA monitoring TO GROUP monitoring;
CREATE VIEW monitoring.pg_stat_activity AS SELECT * FROM public.pg_stat_activity();
GRANT SELECT ON monitoring.pg_stat_activity TO GROUP monitoring;
ALTER ROLE monitoring SET search_path = monitoring, pg_catalog,"$user", public;