feat(auth): add retry to mds idtoken provider

[alvarowolfx]

Towards #3592

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 94.81%. Comparing base (30e002e) to head (d5dfb4c).
⚠️ Report is 9 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #4256      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   94.82%   94.81%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         187      187              
  Lines        7147     7159      +12     
==========================================
+ Hits         6777     6788      +11     
- Misses        370      371       +1     

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