Null Results

guides/interpretation/null-results.bib

@@ -1,42 +1,110 @@
-%% This BibTeX bibliography file was created using BibDesk.
-%% https://bibdesk.sourceforge.io/
+@article{adida_2020,
+  title = {When {{Does Information Influence Voters}}? {{The Joint Importance}} of {{Salience}} and {{Coordination}}},
+  shorttitle = {When {{Does Information Influence Voters}}?},
+  author = {Adida, Claire and Gottlieb, Jessica and Kramon, Eric and McClendon, Gwyneth},
+  date = {2020-05-01},
+  journaltitle = {Comparative Political Studies},
+  volume = {53},
+  number = {6},
+  pages = {851--891},
+  publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+  issn = {0010-4140},
+  doi = {10.1177/0010414019879945},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414019879945},
+  urldate = {2023-12-22},
+  abstract = {Scholars argue that access to information about a politician’s programmatic performance helps voters reward good performers and punish poor ones. But in places where resources are made conditional on collective electoral behavior, voters may not want to defect to vote for a strong legislative performer if they do not believe that others will. We argue that two conditions must hold for information about politician performance to affect voter behavior: Voters must care about the information and believe that others in their constituency care as well. In a field experiment around legislative elections in Benin, voters rewarded good programmatic performance only when information was both made relevant to voters and widely disseminated within the electoral district. Otherwise, access to positive legislative performance information actually lowered vote share for the incumbent’s party. These results demonstrate the joint importance of Salience and voter coordination in shaping information’s impact in clientelistic democracies.},
+  langid = {english}
+}
+@article{humphreys_exporting_2019,
+  title = {Exporting Democratic Practices: {{Evidence}} from a Village Governance Intervention in {{Eastern Congo}}},
+  author = {Humphreys, Macartan and {de la Sierra}, Ra{\'u}l S{\'a}nchez and {van der Windt}, Peter},
+  year = {2019},
+  journal = {Journal of Development Economics},
+  volume = {140},
+  pages = {279--301},
+  issn = {0304-3878},
+  doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2019.03.011}
+  }
+@article{arel-bundock_2023,
+  title = {Quantitative {{Political Science Research}} Is {{Greatly Underpowered}}},
+  author = {Arel-Bundock, Vincent and Briggs, Ryan and Doucouliagos, Hristos and Aviña, Marco M. and Stanley, T. D.},
+  date = {2023-12-22},
+  publisher = {{OSF}},
+  doi = {10.31219/osf.io/7vy2f},
+  url = {https://osf.io/7vy2f},
+  urldate = {2023-12-22},
+  abstract = {We analyze the statistical power of political science research by collating over 16,000 hypothesis tests from about 2,000 articles. Even with generous assumptions, the median analysis has about 10\% power, and only about 1 in 10 tests have at least 80\% power to detect the consensus effects reported in the literature. There is also substantial heterogeneity in tests across research areas, with some being characterized by high-power but most having very low power. To contextualize our findings, we survey political methodologists to assess their expectations about power levels. Most methodologists greatly overestimate the statistical power of political science research.},
+  langid = {american},
+  file = {C\:\\Users\\jham9\\Zotero\\storage\\Y6VJE9ZC\\Arel-Bundock et al. - 2023 - Quantitative Political Science Research is Greatly.pdf;C\:\\Users\\jham9\\Zotero\\storage\\FPG97PEI\\7vy2f.html}
+}
 
-%% Created for Matt Lisiecki at 2023-02-09 09:48:32 -0500 
+@article{bjorkman_2009,
+  title = {Power to the {{People}}: {{Evidence}} from a {{Randomized Field Experiment}} on {{Community-Based Monitoring}} in {{Uganda}}},
+  shorttitle = {Power to the {{People}}},
+  author = {Björkman, Martina and Svensson, Jakob},
+  date = {2009},
+  journaltitle = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
+  volume = {124},
+  number = {2},
+  eprint = {40506242},
+  eprinttype = {jstor},
+  pages = {735--769},
+  issn = {0033-5533},
+  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/40506242},
+  urldate = {2018-03-07},
+  abstract = {This paper presents a randomized field experiment on community-based monitoring of public primary health care providers in Uganda. Through two rounds of village meetings, localized nongovernmental organizations encouraged communities to be more involved with the state of health service provision and strengthened their capacity to hold their local health providers to account for performance. A year after the intervention, treatment communities are more involved in monitoring the provider, and the health workers appear to exert higher effort to serve the community. We document large increases in utilization and improved health outcomes—reduced child mortality and increased child weight—that compare favorably to some of the more successful community-based intervention trials reported in the medical literature.}
+}
 
+@article{christensen_2021,
+  title = {Building {{Resilient Health Systems}}: {{Experimental Evidence}} from {{Sierra Leone}} and {{The}} 2014 {{Ebola Outbreak}}*},
+  shorttitle = {Building {{Resilient Health Systems}}},
+  author = {Christensen, Darin and Dube, Oeindrila and Haushofer, Johannes and Siddiqi, Bilal and Voors, Maarten},
+  date = {2021-05-01},
+  journaltitle = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
+  shortjournal = {The Quarterly Journal of Economics},
+  volume = {136},
+  number = {2},
+  pages = {1145--1198},
+  issn = {0033-5533},
+  doi = {10.1093/qje/qjaa039},
+  url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjaa039},
+  urldate = {2023-12-22},
+  abstract = {Skepticism about the quality of health systems and their consequent underuse are thought to contribute to high rates of mortality in the developing world. The perceived quality of health services may be especially critical during epidemics, when people choose whether to cooperate with response efforts and frontline health workers. Can improving the perceived quality of health care promote community health and ultimately help to contain epidemics? We leverage a field experiment in Sierra Leone to answer this question in the context of the 2014 West African Ebola crisis. Two years before the outbreak, we randomly assigned two interventions to government-run health clinics—one focused on community monitoring, and the other conferred nonfinancial awards to clinic staff. Prior to the Ebola crisis, both interventions increased clinic utilization and patient satisfaction. Community monitoring additionally improved child health, leading to 38\% fewer deaths of children under age five. Later, during the crisis, the interventions also increased reporting of Ebola cases by 62\%, and community monitoring significantly reduced Ebola-related deaths. Evidence on mechanisms suggests that both interventions improved the perceived quality of health care, encouraging patients to report Ebola symptoms and receive medical care. Improvements in health outcomes under community monitoring suggest that these changes partly reflect a rise in the underlying quality of administered care. Overall, our results indicate that promoting accountability not only has the power to improve health systems during normal times, but can also make them more resilient to emergent crises.},
+  file = {C\:\\Users\\jham9\\Zotero\\storage\\E5WNJFQX\\Christensen et al. - 2021 - Building Resilient Health Systems Experimental Ev.pdf;C\:\\Users\\jham9\\Zotero\\storage\\K8LDF37S\\5996193.html}
+}
 
-%% Saved with string encoding Unicode (UTF-8) 
+@article{franco_2014,
+  title = {Publication Bias in the Social Sciences: {{Unlocking}} the File Drawer},
+  shorttitle = {Publication Bias in the Social Sciences},
+  author = {Franco, Annie and Malhotra, Neil and Simonovits, Gabor},
+  date = {2014-09-19},
+  journaltitle = {Science},
+  volume = {345},
+  number = {6203},
+  pages = {1502--1505},
+  publisher = {{American Association for the Advancement of Science}},
+  doi = {10.1126/science.1255484},
+  url = {https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.1255484},
+  urldate = {2023-12-22},
+  abstract = {We studied publication bias in the social sciences by analyzing a known population of conducted studies—221 in total—in which there is a full accounting of what is published and unpublished. We leveraged Time-sharing Experiments in the Social Sciences (TESS), a National Science Foundation–sponsored program in which researchers propose survey-based experiments to be run on representative samples of American adults. Because TESS proposals undergo rigorous peer review, the studies in the sample all exceed a substantial quality threshold. Strong results are 40 percentage points more likely to be published than are null results and 60 percentage points more likely to be written up. We provide direct evidence of publication bias and identify the stage of research production at which publication bias occurs: Authors do not write up and submit null findings.},
+  file = {C:\Users\jham9\Zotero\storage\74ZBSQ5P\Franco et al. - 2014 - Publication bias in the social sciences Unlocking.pdf}
+}
 
-
-
-@article{bhatti_et_al_2016,
-	author = {Bhatti, Yosef and Dahlgaard, Jens Olav and Hansen, Jonas Hedegaard and Hansen, Kasper M.},
-	date-added = {2023-02-09 09:46:29 -0500},
-	date-modified = {2023-02-09 09:47:28 -0500},
-	journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
-	number = {1},
-	pages = {279-290},
-	title = {Is Door-to-Door Canvassing Effective in Europe? Evidence from a Meta-study across Six European Countries},
-	volume = {49},
-	year = {2016}}
-
-@article{bhatti_et_al_2018,
-	author = {Bhatti, Yosef and Dahlgaard, Jens Olav and Hansen, Jonas Hedegaard and Hansen, Kasper M.},
-	date-added = {2023-02-09 09:42:58 -0500},
-	date-modified = {2023-02-09 09:45:43 -0500},
-	journal = {West European Politics},
-	number = {1},
-	pages = {240-260},
-	title = { Can governments use Get Out The Vote letters to solve Europe's turnout crisis? Evidence from a field experiment},
-	volume = {41},
-	year = {2018}}
-
-@article{abadie_2020,
-	author = {Abadie, Alberto},
-	date-added = {2023-02-09 09:41:33 -0500},
-	date-modified = {2023-02-09 09:42:06 -0500},
-	journal = {American Economic Review: Insights},
-	number = {2},
-	pages = {193-208},
-	title = {Statistical Nonsignificance in Empirical Economics},
-	volume = {2},
-	year = {2020}}
+@article{lelkes_2021,
+  title = {Policy over Party: Comparing the Effects of Candidate Ideology and Party on Affective Polarization},
+  shorttitle = {Policy over Party},
+  author = {Lelkes, Yphtach},
+  date = {2021-01},
+  journaltitle = {Political Science Research and Methods},
+  volume = {9},
+  number = {1},
+  pages = {189--196},
+  publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+  issn = {2049-8470, 2049-8489},
+  doi = {10.1017/psrm.2019.18},
+  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/political-science-research-and-methods/article/abs/policy-over-party-comparing-the-effects-of-candidate-ideology-and-party-on-affective-polarization/7CE28F0E9763297A765263B1F774B7A1},
+  urldate = {2023-12-22},
+  abstract = {At least two theories have been offered that explain the rise of affective polarization. Some scholars, relying on social identity theory, argue that as the relevance of party identification increased, Americans became more likely to see their in-party in positive terms and the out-party in negative terms. Other scholars argue that affective polarization is a reaction to increasingly extreme political actors. This study seeks to arbitrate between these two theories of affective polarization through a survey experiment which asks respondents to rate candidates whose party (or lack thereof) and ideology (or lack thereof) is randomly assigned. In line with the policy-oriented view of affective polarization, respondents reacted far more strongly to ideology than party, especially if it was the ideology of the member of the out-party.},
+  langid = {english},
+  keywords = {Public opinion}
+}