Link

Link is a collection of general-purpose applications (commands). Some of these commands are inspired by the System.Linq of the .NET. The commands were chosen according to my personal needs and also by symmetry (if the toUpperCase command is produced, the toLowercCase command should also be produced). The general principle followed is that it is better to have several commands each performing a simple task than to have a single complicated command.

The current version is 4.1.0.

It should also be noted that:

• All commands follow the same format, namely: <Command-name> <Parameters> <Options>. The order of the arguments is important.
• Options starts with – (2 minus signs).
• All commands share the --h switch, which displays a small help message and exits the application.
• Most commands get their input from the output of another command. Commands are connected by the pipe operator.
• There are 3 types of commands:
  • Generator: which generate a sequence of lines and have no input.
  • Filter: Transforms its input sequence into another sequence. Most of the commands in the Link package fall into this category.
  • Reducers: Are commands that accept a sequence as input and produce no sequence as output.

And now a few words about the commands:

about

Provides help information for Link package commands. Usage: about [appName] [--h]

• appName: Command on which to display information. If this parameter is not provided, all the commands available in the package are listed.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

append

Adds a string to the end of each line in the input sequence. Usage: append suffix [--h]

• suffix: The string to append to each input line.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

copyFiles

Copies the files in the input sequence to another location. Unless they already exist, all directories specified in the destinations will be created. The command returns the copied files. Usage: copyFiles ptrn dest [src] [--ri][--ovw][--cs][--h]

• ptrn: Represents a regular expression pattern to match. The input lines for which 'ptrn' is not matched are ignored.
• dest: A transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the destination file. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• src: A transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the source file. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name. By default, the input line is considered the source file.
• --ri: For each copied file, returns its input line. If this switch is omitted, the command returns the destination file.
• --ovw: Destination file should be replaced if it already exists.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

copyToDir

Copies existing files, specified in the input sequence, to another directory. The command returns the copied files. Usage: copyToDir dest [--ri][--ovw][--h]

• dest: The name of the directory to copy to. All directories specified in 'dest' will be created, unless they already exist.
• --ri: For each copied file, returns its input line instead of the destination file.
• --ovw: Destination file should be replaced if it already exists.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

count

Counts the number of lines in the input sequence. Usage: count [--h]

• --h: Displays this help and exits.

countFrq

Returns the number of occurrences of each character, or word, that appears in each line of the input sequnece. Usage: countFrq [--wrd][--frq [precision]][--sep separator][--h]

• --wrd: Counts words instead of characters.
• --frq: Displays the frequency of each item. 'precision' is the precision specifier, the number of fractional digits to display for the frequency value. The default is to display 4 digits after the decimal point.
• --sep: Uses 'separator' as a string separator between each item and its count. If 'separator' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

createDirs

Creates all directories and sub-directories specified in the input sequence unless they already exist. The command returns the created directories. Usage: createDirs [--rx ptrn dir [--cs][--ri]] [--h]

• --rx: Uses a regular expression to extract the target directory from the input lines. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match. Input lines for which ‘ptrn’ is not matched are ignored. ‘dir’ is the directory to be created. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name. By default, the input line is considered the target directory.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --ri: For each created directory, returns its input line instead of the destination directory. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

delDirs

Deletes directories specified in input sequence. Returns the sequences of deleted directories. Non-existent directories are ignored. Usage: delDirs [--rx ptrn dir [--cs][--ri]] [--h]

• --rx: Uses an optional regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target directory. 'ptrn' represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input line for which ‘ptrn’ is not matched are ignored. 'dir', the directory to delete, can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name. Any file and sub-directory of the target directory will be also deleted.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --ri: For each deleted directory, returns its input line instead of the target directory. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

delFiles

Deletes the specified files in the input sequence. Returns the successfully deleted files. Non-existent files are ignored. Usage: delFiles [--rx ptrn file [--cs]][--ri]] [--h]

• --rx: Uses an optional regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target file. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. *ptrn: Represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input line for which ‘ptrn’ is not matched are ignored.
• file: The file to delete. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --ri: For each file deleted, returns its input line instead of the target file. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

dirsSize

Returns the size of the contents of each directory in the input sequence. Usage: dirsSize [--rx ptrn dir [--cs]] [--pi [sep]][--fmt][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target directory. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. ‘dir’ is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the target directory. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepend its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --fmt: Returns the size in a human-readable format. If this switch is missing, the size is returned in bytes.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

distinct

Remove duplicate lines from input sequence. Usage: distinct [--rx ptrn key] [--cs] [--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to distinguish input lines. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match. ‘key’ is the key used to distinguish input lines. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive comparison and/or pattern matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

dump

Writes its input sequence to the standard output and to a specified file. Usage: dump file [--rx ptrn [--cs]][--ovw][--h]

• file: File to which input is written.
• --rx: Uses regular expression to filter written lines to the specified file. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are not written to the file.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --ovw: Overwites the output to each existing file, rather than appending it.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

emit

Returns the contents of each file in the input sequence. Usage: emit [--rx ptrn file [--cs]][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from each input line, the target file. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. ‘file’ is the file whose contents are to be output. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

endsWith

Returns lines of the input sequence that ends with a specified string. Usage: endsWith suffix [--cs][--h]

• suffix: The string to compare to the sub-string at the end of the input line.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive comparison.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

enumDirs

Lists subdirectories of a specified directories. Usage: enumDirs [dir_0 dir_1 ...] [--r [depth]][--hid][--dp][--h]

• dir_i: Directory whose contents should be listed. If no directory is specifiled, the contents of the current folder are listed.
• --r: List sub-directories recursively. 'depth' is the depth of the subfolders to be explored. If 'depth' is missing, all subfolders are explored.
• --hid: Includes hidden folders. The default is to not include hidden folders.
• --dp: Discards the path from each subfolder in the output sequence and returns only the subfolder name.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

enumFiles

Lists files contained in a specified directories. Usage: enumFiles [dir_0 dir_1 ...] [--r [depth]][--hid][--dp][--h]

• dir_i: Directory whose contents should be listed. If no directory is specifiled, the contents of the current folder are listed.
• --hid: Includes hidden files. The default is to not include hidden files.
• --r: Explore sub-directories content recursively. 'depth' is the depth of the subfolders to be explored. If 'depth' is missing, all subfolders are explored.
• --dp: Discards the path from each file in the ouput sequence and returns only the file name.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

filesExt

Returns the extension (including the period ".") of every file path in the input sequence. The file need not exist. Usage: filesExt [--rx ptrn file [--cs]][--pi [sep]][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target file. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. ‘file’ is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the target file path. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepend its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

filesName

For every file in the input sequence, returns the file name and extension. The path need not exist. Usage: filesName [--rx ptrn path [--cs]] [--noext][--pi [sep]][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target file. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. ‘path’ is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the target file. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --noext: Returns the file name without the extension.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepend its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

filesSize

Returns the size of each file in the input sequence. Usage: filesSize [--rx ptrn file [--cs]][--pi [sep]][--fmt][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target file. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. ‘file’ is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the target file. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepend its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --fmt: Returns the size in a human-readable format. If this switch is missing, the size is returned in bytes.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

fullPaths

Returns the absolute path for every input file or directory. The path need not exist. Usage: fullPaths [--rx ptrn path [--cs]] [--pi [sep]][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target path. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does match are ignored. ‘path’ is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the target path. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepend its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

groupBy

Groups the elements of the input sequence according to a specified key. Usage: groupBy ptrn key [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: Represents a regular expression pattern to match. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored.
• key: The key used to group input lines. This is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the key. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive pattern matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

insert

Returns, for each line in the input sequence, a new line in which a specified string is inserted at a specified index. Usage: insert str ndx [--pi [sep]][--h]

• str: The string to insert.
• ndx: The zero-based index position of the insertion. Any input line for which 'ndx' is greater than its length is ignored.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepend its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

join

Produces a sequence with lines from the input sequence and those from one or more specified files. The command merges each line of the input sequence with lines having the same index in the specified files. The command merges sequences until it reaches the end of one of them. Usage: join file_0 [file_1 file_2 ...][--sep str][--h]

• file_i: File from which lines to merge are read.
• --sep: Uses 'str' as separator between joined lines. If 'str' is missing, a colon is used as separator.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

length

Returns the number of characters for each line in the input sequence. Usage: length [--rx ptrn str [--cs]][--pi [sep]][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target string. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. ‘str’ is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the target string. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions based on 'ptrn', such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepend its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

max

Returns the maximum entry in the input sequence. Usage: max [--rx ptrn key] [--cs][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target string. 'ptrn', represents a regular expression pattern to be matched. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. 'key' represents the key used to compare input lines by. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive comparison and/or pattern matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

merge

Concatenates all lines in the input sequence, using the specified separator between each line. Usage: merge [sep] [--n N][--h]

• sep: The string to use as a separator. If ‘sep’ is missing, an colon is used as separator.
• --n: Merges every ‘N’ input lines. If this flag is missing, all the input lines are merged together. 'N', a positive integer, represents the number of successive lines to be merged together.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

min

Returns the minimum entry in the input sequence. Usage: min [--rx ptrn key][--cs][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target string. 'ptrn', represents a regular expression pattern to be matched. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. 'key' represents the key used to compare input lines by. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive comparison and/or pattern matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

moveToDir

Moves each file in the input sequence to a specified directory. Returns successfully moved files. Usage: moveToDir dir [--ri][--ovw][--h]

• dir: The destinition directory. All directories specified in 'dir' will be created, unless they already exist.
• --ri: For each file moved, returns its input line instead of the destination file.
• --ovw: Destination file should be replaced if it already exists.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

padEnd

For each line in the input sequence, returns a new string of a specified length in which the end is padded with a specified character. This command pads the end of the target string. This means that, when used with right-to-left languages, it pads the left portion of the string. Usage: padEnd len [--c char][--h]

• len: The number of characters in the resulting string, equal to the number of original characters plus any additional padding characters. If 'len' is less than or equal to the original length of the target string, the line is returned unchanged.
• --c: Uses 'char' as padding character. If this flag is missing, a space is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

padStart

Returns, for each line in the input sequence, a new string of a specified length in which the beginning of the input line is padded with spaces or with a specified character. This command pads the beginning of the returned string. This means that, when used with right-to-left languages, it pads the right portion of the string. Usage: padStart len [--c char][--h]

• len: The number of characters in the resulting string, equal to the number of original characters plus any additional padding characters. If 'len' is less than or equal to the length of the input line, the line is returned unchanged.
• --c: Uses 'char' as padding character. If this flag is missing, a space is used.
• --h: Display this help and exits.

pathsDate

Returns, for each line in the input sequence, the date and time the specified file or directory was last written to. The result is in ISO 8601 extended format (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss). Non-existent input paths are ignored. Usage: pathsDate [--rx ptrn path [--cs]] [--crd][--utc][--pi [sep]][--notm][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target path. 'ptrn' represents the regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. 'path' is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the file or directory for which the date is to seek for. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --crd: Returns the creation date instead of the modification date.
• --utc: Returns the date in Coordinated Universal Time.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequence, prepends its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --notm: Returns the date component only.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

prepend

Adds a string to the beginning of each line in the input sequence. Usage: prepend prefix [--h]

• prefix: The string to prepend to each input line.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

project

Projects every input line into a new form. Usage: project ptrn output [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: Represents a regular expression pattern to match. The input strings for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored.
• output: A transform pattern to apply to each input string. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

putAt

Returns the input sequence to which a specified string has been inserted at a specified index. Usage: putAt str ndx [--h]

• str: The string to insert.
• ndx: The zero-based index at which 'str' should be inserted. It is a error to specify an index greater than the length of sequences.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

putFirst

Returns the input sequence to which a specified string has been added at the beginning. Usage: putFirst str [--h]

• str: The string to prepend to the input sequence.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

putLast

Returns the input sequence to which a specified string has been added at the end. Usage: putLast str [--h]

• str: The string to append to the input sequence.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

putWhen

Returns the lines of the input sequence until a specified pattern is matched, then inserts a specified string and returns the remaining lines. Usage: putWhen ptrn str [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: A regular expression pattern to match.
• str: The string to insert.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

randomizeCase

For each line in the input sequence, each character gets a random case. Usage: randomizeCase [--h]

• --h: Displays this help and exits.

range

Generates a sequence of integral numbers. Usage: intRange N [--init start][--stp step][--pad][--h]

• N: A nonnegative integer value that represent the number of sequential integers to generate.
• --init: Specifes the value of the first integer in the sequence. 'start', the initial value, must be greater than or equal to -2147483648 and 'start' + 'N' * 'step' must be less than or equal to 2147483647. The default value is 0.
• --stp: Specifes an optional increment. The default is 1. 'step', the increment, can be any non-zero integer number as long as the value 'start' + 'N' * 'step' is in the interval [-2147483648, 2147483647].
• --pad: Pads the inserted number with leading zeros according to the longest inserted number.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

relativePaths

Returns, for each path in input sequence, a relative path to a specified directory. Returns input line if the paths don't share the same root. Usage: relativePaths dir [--rx ptrn path [--cs]] [--pi [sep]][--h]

• dir: The path the result should be relative to. This parameter is always considered to be a directory.
• --rx: Uses regular expression to extract, from the input line, the target path. ‘ptrn’ represents a regular expression pattern to match against each input line. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. ‘path’ is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the taget file or directory path. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching. It's an error to specify this option without the '--rx' switch.
• --pi: For each line in the output sequnce, prepends its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

remove

Returns a new string for each line in the input sequence in which all occurrences of a specified substring are deleted. Usage: remove str [--cs][--pi [sep]][--h]

• str: The non-empty substring to remove all occurrences.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --pi: For each output line, prepends its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

renFiles

Rename or move each file from the input sequence, and then returns the processed files. Usage: renFiles ptrn dest [src] [--ri][--ovw][--cs][--h]

• ptrn: Represents a regular expression pattern to match. Input files for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored.
• dest: A transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the new path or name for the input file. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• src: A transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the source file. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name. If this parameter is missing, the input string is considered to be the source file.
• --ri: Returns the processed input files. If this flag is omitted, the command returns the destination files.
• --ovw: Overwrites the destination file if it already exists.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

reorder

Sorts the input sequence in ascending order. This command performs a stable sort. Usage: reorder [--rx ptrn key][--cs][--dsc][--h]

• --rx: Use regular expression to distinguish input lines. 'ptrn' represents a regular expression pattern to match. The input lines for which ‘ptrn’ does not match are ignored. 'key' is a transform pattern to apply to each input line to extract the key used to distinguish input lines. It can consist of any combination of literal text and substitutions, such as capturing group that is identified by a number or a name.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive comparison and/or pattern matching.
• --dsc: Sorts the input in descending order.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

repeat

Generates a sequence that contains one repeated string. Usage: repeat str N [--h]

• N: The number of times to repeat the string in the generated sequence.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

reverse

Inverts the order of the input sequence. The output is a sequence whose elements correspond to those of the input in reverse order. Usage: reverse [--h]

• --h: Displays this help and exits.

serialize

Inserts incremental numeric series of digits at the beginning of each line in the input sequence. Usage: serialize [sep] [--init start][--stp step][--h]

• sep: The string to use as a separator. If ‘sep’ is missing, an colon is used as separator.
• init: Specifies the starting number. The default is 0.
• stp: Specifies an optional increment. The default is 1. 'step', the increment, can be any non-zero integer.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

shuffle

Rearranges the order of the input sequence randomly. Usage: shuffle [--h]

• --h: Displays this help and exits.

skip

Bypasses input lines that match the specified pattern and then returns the remaining lines. Usage: skip ptrn [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: The regular expression pattern to match.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

skipFirst

Bypasses a specified number of input lines and then returns the remaining lines. Usage: skipFirst [N] [--h]

• N: The number of lines to skip before returning the remaining lines. The default is 1.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

skipLast

Returns the input sequence with the last 'N' lines omitted. Usage: skipLast [N] [---h]

• N: The number of lines to omit from the end of the input. The default is 1.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

skipUntil

Bypasses lines from the input sequence until a specified pattern is matched, and then returns the remaining lines. Usage: skipUntil ptrn [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: A regular expression pattern to match.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

skipWhile

Bypasses lines from the input sequence as long as a specified pattern is matched, and then returns the remaining lines. Usage: skipWhile ptrn [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: A regular expression pattern to match.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

slice

Retrieves a substring from each input line. The substring starts at a specified character position and continues to the end of the line or has a specified length. Usage: Usage: slice ndxStart [N][--pi [sep]][--h]

• ndxStart: The zero-based starting character position of a substring in the input line. The input line is skiped if 'ndxStart' is greater than or equal to the length of the line.
• N: The number of characters in the substring. If this parameter is missing, the substring starts at 'ndxStart' character position and continues to the end of the line. The input line is skiped if 'ndxStart' + 'N' is greater than the length of the input string.
• --pi: For each output line, prepends its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

soak

Soaks up all inputs before returning them back. Uage: soak [--h]

• --h: Displays this help and exits.

split

Splits each input line into substrings that are based on the provided separator. Each substring is retuned as a line. Usage: split [sep][--nompty][--trim][--h]

• sep: A string that delimits the substrings in the input lines. If ‘sep’ is absent, white-space characters are assumed to be the delimiters.
• --nompty: Omit empty substrings from the result.
• --trim: Trim white-space characters from each substring in the result.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

startsWith

Returns all input lines that starts with a specified string. Usage: startsWith prefix [--cs][--h]

• prefix: The string to compare to the sub-string at the beginning of each input line.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Display this help and exits.

substitute

Returns, for each input line, a new string in which all occurrences of a specified string are replaced with another string. Usage: substitute oldStr newStr [--cs][--pi [sep]][--h]

• oldStr: The substring to be replaced.
• newStr: The string to replace all occurrences of 'oldStr'.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --pi: For each result, prepends its input line, using 'sep' as separator. If 'sep' is missing, a colon is used.
• --h: Display this help and exits.

take

Filters input lines based on a regular expression pattern. Usage: take ptrn [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: The regular expression pattern to match.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

takeFirst

Returns a specified number of input lines and then skips the remaining ones. Usage: takeFirst [N][--h]

• N: The number of input lines to return. The default is 1.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

takeLast

Returns the last 'N' input lines. Usage: takeLast [N][--h]

• N: The number of lines to take from the end of the input sequence. The default is 1.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

takeUntil

Returns lines from the input sequence until a specified pattern is matched, and then skips the remaining ones. Usage: takeUntil ptrn [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: The regular expression pattern to match.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Display this help and exits.

takeWhile

Returns lines from the input sequence as long as a specified pattern is matched, and then skips the remaining ones. Usage: takeWhile ptrn [--cs][--h]

• ptrn: The regular expression pattern to match.
• --cs: Specifies case-sensitive matching.
• --h: Display this help and exits.

throttle (MS Windows Only)

Displays a maximum of 'N' lines at a time and then waits the user to press a key to display the next 'N' lines. The 'Q' and 'ESC' keys are used to interrupt the execution of the program. Usage: throttle [N] [--h]

• N: The number of lines to display each time. The default is 1.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.

toLowerCase

Returns input rows that have been converted to lowercase. This command uses the case rules of the current culture to convert each character in the input to equivalent lowercase letters. If a character has no lowercase equivalent, it is included unchanged in the returned string. Usage: toUpperCase [--h]

• --h: Displays this help and exits.

toUpperCase

Returns the input string converted to uppercase. This command uses the case rules of the current culture to convert each character in the input to its uppercase equivalent. If a character has no uppercase equivalent, it is included unchanged in the returned string. Usage: toUpperCase [--h]

• --h: Displays this help and exits.

wrap

For each input line, puts a line feed every 'N' characters, if it does not reach a new line before that point. Usage: wrap N [--h]

• N: A positive integer which correspond to the maximum length of a line.
• --h: Displays this help and exits.