Upgrade Python from 3.9 to 3.14: install from source in Dockerfile, pin pip to 24.2, and update CI configs

[abh1sh5k]

Summary

This PR upgrades Python from 3.9 to 3.14 in the common-docker base image.

Changes

• pom.xml: Updated to Python 3.14.0 with pinned pip version 24.2
• base/Dockerfile.ubi8: Added Python 3.14 installation from source (compiles from python.org)
• base/pom.xml: Updated buildArgs to use PYTHON314_VERSION
• CI configs: Updated semaphore files to use Python 3.14

Technical Details

• Python 3.14 is not available in UBI8 repositories, so it's compiled from source
• Build dependencies are installed, Python is compiled with optimizations, then dependencies are removed
• Pip is pinned to version 24.2 for reproducibility
• Python 3.14 is installed to /usr/local/bin/python3.14 with symlinks for python3 and python

Testing

• Verify Docker image builds successfully
• Test Python 3.14 functionality
• Verify pip version is 24.2
• Run existing tests