Fix for CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

[asadeddin]

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See the issue and fix in Corgea.

Explanation of the issue

CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
The product constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component.

Without sufficient removal or quoting of SQL syntax in user-controllable inputs, the generated SQL query can cause those inputs to be interpreted as SQL instead of ordinary user data. This can be used to alter query logic to bypass security checks, or to insert additional statements that modify the back-end database, possibly including execution of system commands.
SQL injection has become a common issue with database-driven web sites. The flaw is easily detected, and easily exploited, and as such, any site or product package with even a minimal user base is likely to be subject to an attempted attack of this kind. This flaw depends on the fact that SQL makes no real distinction between the control and data planes.

Explanation of the fix

The security fix replaces a raw SQL query with Django's ORM methods to prevent SQL injection by ensuring proper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands.

• The raw SQL query was replaced with Django's ORM methods. This change ensures that all inputs are properly escaped, preventing SQL injection attacks.
• The 'filter', 'exclude', 'order_by', 'values', and 'annotate' methods are used to replicate the functionality of the original SQL query. This includes filtering by team_id and scope, excluding certain user_ids, ordering by creation date, and creating a 'five_minute_window' field.
• The 'distinct' method is used to deduplicate entries based on the 'five_minute_window', 'activity', 'item_id', and 'scope' fields, similar to the 'PARTITION BY' clause in the original SQL query.