Add --output option to osrm-extract for custom output base path

[afarber]

Issue

Fixes #4930

This PR adds an -o / --output option to osrm-extract so users can specify a custom output base path. This allows using the same OSM file with different routing profiles to generate separate output files without needing symbolic links.

Example usage:

osrm-extract -p profiles/car.lua planet.osm.pbf -o /data/car                                                                   
osrm-extract -p profiles/bicycle.lua planet.osm.pbf -o /data/bicycle                                                           

Tasklist

• CHANGELOG.md entry (How to write a changelog entry)
• update relevant Wiki pages
• add tests (see testing documentation)
• review
• adjust for comments

Requirements / Relations

None