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Write a single Lemma without the two dots ፡ after it. The two dots should be written after each single fidal word within the entry. In the case of a compound noun (not a proper name) or a collocation, the main entry is usually under the head noun. If there are more variants of a given lexeme, conduct a standardization, i.e., write as a lemma the word that is considered as standard, most frequent, used currently in Amharic, used as headwords in other dictionaries. Avoid historical ortography.
TraCES en getā, ጔታ፡ gʷetā subst. Pl. ጌቶች፡ getočč
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Ldc8c69eda00b4756a7a533d684abcdd3
As Source always select “TraCES”. Then, specify English as the language of the entry. For translation of a lemma and any other fidal word provided within the entry use the language of the source material. For instance, if a quotation is taken from a French edition, you specify the language of the translation as French.
The entry may contain, as a running text without any punctuation sign in-between (but there are exceptions, see further on), the following components (a-m):
For transliterating words written in the Ethiopic script use the TraCES system. Start the transliteration of a lemma with a small-case letter.
TraCES en faṭagār n. pr. (place name) Marrassini 1993, 52 l. 10 (ed.) Chron. Am. 7
If there are more variants of transliteration/pronunciation write them down, specifying the source:
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L153553e0e5e0448f9ba1221d2cf70045
For a personal name, if you give an example of a specific person bearing that name, transliterate it with the first letter capitalized (see the ex. below).
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lad3dc79d474e4db2a5c5fd0fd9391783
TraCES en sabraddin n. pr. (personal name) e.g. Sabraddin, 11th sultan of the Walasmaʿ dynasty (cf. Marrassini 1993, 51 n.10), Marrassini 1993, 50 l. 15 (ed.); 60 l. 17 (ed.) Chron. Am. 4 Chron. Am. 30
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L8f3b3a5db6dd440499eb50fd0cedf052
Write (within the entry) any variant of the lemma after the transliteration of the lemma; separate the variant by a comma, give the fidal version and transliteration. If there are variants which are not exemplified with a sentence, give the bibliographical information about their sources. For instance, in the following example, two variants are taken from Guidi’s Amharic dictionary; they are separated from the other variants by a semi-colon.
TraCES en ḫǝdug, ሕዱግ፡ ḥǝdug; እዱግ፡ ǝdug, ዱግ፡ dug Guidi 1901, 688 subst. Pl. ኃደግት፡ ḫādagǝt 1) representative deputy (see also example sentences in 2))
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lc169798f4e8c4a9c854be95b36421d15
Another example:
TraCES en letāqan, ሊታቅን፡ litāqǝn; ሌተቀን፡ letaqan, ሌተቀንዕ፡ letaqanǝʾ, ሌትቀን፡ letqan Abbadie 1881, 34; ሌታ፡ ቀን፡ letā qan Kane 1990, 1918b
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L92f49fc85eb849d3babb6e400e865a70
Because we are trying to compile a lexicon based on historical principles, if possible list the variants from the oldest to the youngest one, just as you do with example sentences. You can also register variants given in the apparatus. In that case provide the bibliographical information (no need to specify that it is an edition) and the number of the note (n.) under which the variant occurs:
TraCES en takʷs, ተኳሴ፡ takʷāse Conti Rossini 1909, 74 n. 12
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L8b696905cc3342dfa56b4c3a77f9c8e2
Follow the abbreviations used in Dillmann (see “PoS” in the “Guidelines”): for example, for common noun use “subst.” (= “substantivum”) and for personal and place names “n. pr.” (= “nomen proprium”).
Specific cases:
- For a “n. pr.”, you need to specify it. The possible labels are:
- “personal name” (specify whether it is a female or a male name, using the "Gender" option)
- "epithet"
- “place name” as the most generic term; you can decide on a more specific label, such as “city”, “town”, "country", "province", "region"
- “ethnonym” stands for both a name of an ethnic group and its representative; e.g. ሐዲያ፡ ḥadiyya n. pr. (ethnonym), ከነናዊ፡ kananāwi n. pr. (enthonym)
- "religion"
- "religious group"
- "military unit" has to refer to the name, not to a type; e.g. ዛን፡ በሎ፡ zān balo, ዛን፡ በለው፡ zān balaw n. pr. (military unit)
- "polity" (empire, kingdom, state); e.g. ሰበእ፡ sabaʾ n. pr. (polity) the South Arabian kingdom of Saba
- “river”
- “mountain”,
- “lake”
- "valley"
- "sea"
- "island"
First write the abbreviation “n. pr.” and, afterwards, in parentheses, the specification in English, e.g.: “n. pr. (personal name)”, “n. pr. (place name)”.
- For some “subst.”, the so-called proper nouns, you can specify if it is a:
- "plant"
- "animal"
- "disease"
- "rank (civil, military)"
- "title" (religious, honorific, professional)
- "unit of measurement"
- For a “v.” provide the pattern (e.g. I, 1) just after the symbol “[v.]”
- For an “adv.” (= “adverbium”), you can specify if it is an “interrogative adverb”, as it is done in the TraCES annotation (see Tagset).
- Lexical entities ending with -āwi and regularly derived from substantives could function either as relative adjectives (adj. rel.) or as nominalized form of these (subst.). Choose one of these labels depending on the evidence provided by an example sentence.
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lca452d220c3046dc9f7c102e1f60ee72
For a lemma, if necessary, you can provide more detailed morphological information (for the abbreviations see the table in the Guidelines). For instance, for a “subst.”, you can, just after it, give information concerning the grammatical case and the gender such as: “Acc.” (accusative case) “fem.” (feminine). The appropriate encoding is shown under "PoS". The abbraviations for "plural, Pl." and "status constructus, st.c." should be encoded by means of the "label, ((…))". To give the plural form of the lemma, write it in fidal in the plural form and transliterate it. It should be separated from the PoS by a comma as in the example below.
TraCES en rǝśuʾ subst. , Pl. ርሡኣን፡ rǝśuʾān bejahrt, Greis ‘auch nach den Sawāsu durch ያረጅ፡ der gealterte erklärt (G.)’ Bezold 1905, xxiva; Kebr. Nag. 50,6, Kebr. Nag. 60,23 Bezold 1905, 54a l. 6; 67b l. 23; 87b l. 23; 88a l. 2; 115b l. 9 (ed.)
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L807c7a0603ba4808b969b119f942987f
The translation should be given first of all in English. Translations into other languages occur only if the English translation does not seem transparent enough, or there are any particular reasons for providing them. In that latter case, attribute the translation to the author/editor of the source material by putting it within ‘…’. The signs are placed outside the pointy brackets, e.g. ‘>it>bello>’. Remember to specify the language in which the translation is given in the source, according to the ISO 639-1 code for languages (see the Guidlines). In the example ‘>it>bello>’, "it" is the code for the Italian language.
If the quotation of the translation taken from a specific source contains a transliteration, leave the word(s) as it is transliterated in the source, and don't encode it. You might first give a literal translation of the word in which case you write “lit.” and then simply give the meaning without encoding it in any way.
TraCES en Compounds በረከት፡ ቤት፡ barakat bet, ቤተ፡ በረከት፡ beta barakat lit. house of gifts, probably a room (a tent) where gifts given to the king were stored
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L1e32e08f156f4486bc3949b3fca5eeb8
Latin names (encoded as such) of plants and animals should be mentioned first, before their common names.
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L25f8228a318a4aba9ecc78a5d0c6f588
If you have synonymous translations in the same language, code each of them separately and separate them with a comma. Translations into two or more different languages (e.g. English and Italian) have no separator in between.
TraCES en waʿāg subst. Cercopithecus sabaeus green monkey, small monkey ‘piccola scimmia’
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lf41376d66e244049bac599af952d9271
In case you or the author/editor of the source are not certain about the translation of a lemma you can hedge it by adding the following expressions: ‘(most) probably’ (ex. ጽልሑት), ‘sth like’ (ex. ገዘወ), ‘?’ (ex. ሐሴቦናዊ). Give a comma after ‘?’ to make it clear that it belongs to the translation. Note that the hedges are placed outside the symbols of translation.
TraCES en ṣǝlḥut subst., probably a type of plant, አንበረ፡ ሐሠረ፡ ወክርዳድ፡ ወጽልሑተ፡ ‘pose paglia, erbaccia e ṣelḥut’ Marrassini 2003, 91 (ed), Marrassini 2003, 32 (tr)
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L98fe4ad37174422c969bc7b28673f28a
TraCES en gazawa v. I, 1 sth. like decay
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/?mode=none&q=sth.%20like&id=Laea1230a01554af78b05608b3f61b7c4
TraCES en ḥasebonāwi adj. of Heshbon ?, እስመ፡ ክብር፡ ሐሴቦናዊ፡ ውእቱ፡ ‘car elles sont une gloire {ḥasebonāwi}’ Colin 2010, 144 (532) l. 35-36 (ed.); 145 (533) l. 38 (tr.) (‘L’adjectif (ሐሴቦናዊ፡) qui qualifie le mot «gloire» m’est inconnu.’ Colin 2010, 145 (533) n. 12).
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Le019e8f29d984e7c9054afe3ca2b33b4
If your translation is taken from a specific source, provide the bibliography.
TraCES en በል፡ bal v. 2SgM Imper. ‘come on!, well then!, so then!’ Kane 1990, 1096a, በሉ፡ ትፍኡ፡ ዘበላዕክሙ፡ ‘S_u, sputate quel che avete mangiato_’ Marrassini 2003, 86 (ed), Marrassini 2003, 30 (tr)
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L3b4d830677ef46c0beaf9f1c172d2d24
If you don't know the meaning of the word, say ‘meaning unknown’, ‘meaning unknown in the present context’. These expressions should be separated from the preceding and the following string by a comma.
TraCES en bābil subst., meaning unknown in the present context, ወይኩን፡ ሩጸትከ፡ ከማሁ፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ድምፅ፡ ወስርር፡ እምሥራቅ፡ እስከ፡ ምዕራብ፡ እምሰሜን፡ እስከ፡ ደቡብ፡ እምድር፡ እስከ፡ ባቢል፡ ነፋስ፡ ‘e la tua corsa sia come quello, senza rumore; vola dall’oriente, dal settentrione al meridione, dalla terra fino al vento bābil’ Marrassini 2003, 62 (ed), Marrassini 2003, 22 (tr);
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L8c8302c9361e45d481c9f40321b2920b
If the word has a figurative meaning indicate it by ‘fig.’.
TraCES en nawe n. pr. (place name) Niniveh, fig. ‘ricettacolo di ingiustizia’ አንግፈኒ፡ እም፡ ሰይጣን፡ ነዌ፡ ‘Liberami da Satana, ricettacolo di ingiustizia’ Bausi 2003, 210 § 557 (ed.), Bausi 2003, 121 § 557 (tr.) (‘«ricettacolo di ingiustizia» {...} nawe, la città di Ninive «ricettacolo di ogni ingiustizia», vd. Leslau 1987, 409.’ Bausi 2003, 121 n. 4)
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L05b137e95b124140aabfe695e4012582
Translations copied from other dictionaries should be written at the end, after all other information about the lemma. You may also use (;) to separate it from the main part.
Copy the entry contained in “Supplément” (1952) in the following way:
- Write the lemma in fidel (with two separting dots) and then transliterate it. Copy additional grammatical information given by Grébaut: verb class, e.g. I,1 and verbal forms in the imperfective and jussive, e.g. ይለብብ፡ , ይልብብ፡. Then comes the translation into French or Latin.
Grébaut ለበበ፡ labbaba I,1 ይለብብ፡, ይልብብ፡ «faire attention» ― ልብ፡ አደረገ፡ Ms. {DiLBNFabb217}, fol. 15r. Grébaut 1952, 34.
- Grébaut provides cooccuring forms for some participles. Make an entry for the first form (usually with the prefix a-) and give a cross reference to the second form (with the prefix m-), Ex. አልካዊ. Create an entry for the second form: provide the transliteration followed by ((vid.)) ‘the form’, Ex. መልከዊ. But if there is more information, examples concerning the second form write a full cross reference into the first form, Ex. መለብው.
Grébaut አልካዊ፡ ʾalkāwi, Pl. አልካውያን፡ ʾalkāwǝyān et መልከዊ፡ malkawi, Pl. መልከውያን፡ malkawǝyān (formes concurrentes) «affaiblissant (vue)» ― አፈዛዢ፡ Ms. {DiLBNFabb217}, fol. 16v. Grébaut 1952, 37 Leslau አልካዊ ʾalkāwi, መልከዊ malkawi (Grébaut 1952, 37) that weakens the eyesight Leslau 1987, 313b Cross-references vid. also መልከዊ፡
malkawi vid. አልካዊ፡
Leslau መለብው malabbǝw teacher; also part. of vid. አለበወ፡ ʾalabbawa Leslau 1987, 306b Cross-references vid. also አለባዊ፡
- For quadriliteral verbs there is no special encoding (^...^ does not work in this case). While copying the siglum from Grébaut write ‘quadrl. I’ between commas.
Grébaut መስረተ፡ masrata, quadrl. I, ይመሰርት፡, ይመስርት፡ «poser les fondements, creuser les fondements» ― በገረ፡, መሰረተ፡ Ms. {DiLBNFabb217}, fol. 38r. Grébaut 1952, 89.
Copy the translation given by Leslau's “Comparative dictionary of Geʿez” (1987) in the following way:
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Write the translation at the end of TraCES entry (after Grébaut, before Etymology) between <L<… >L>. The information will be displayed as “L) …. ”
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First write the lemma in fidal and then transliterate it. If Leslau first provides the radicals, encode them with the help of transliteration (see ex. ኄጠ). Copy the translation(s) but without the single quotation marks that Leslau uses. In case of verbs: if the subjunctive form is given, write it in parenthesis after the transliterated verb (see ex. ኄጠ). Each English equivalent should be encoded separately, separated by a comma.
Leslau ḫyṭ, ኄጠ ḫeṭa (yǝḫiṭ), (Grébaut 1952, 458) ኀየጠ፡ ḫayaṭa, (Tāyya, ʾAlaqā 1965–1966) ሄጠ፡ heṭa deceive, cheat, seduce, corrupt, entice, persuade, convince, flatter, urge (with words) Leslau 1987, 270b
Leslau ሀያጲ hayāp̣i (Grébaut 1952, 13) act. part. of vid. ሄጰ hep̣a Leslau 1987, 221b
- Leslau indicates two alternative forms using parenthesis: ḫallayo(t). Copy the entry exactly as he does, the entry in fidäl contains also the parenthesis: ኀለዮ(ት). But in the main entry put the basic form ending with -o. In the entry, mention the second form with -t in the string for variants
TraCES en ḫallayo, ኀለዮት ḫallayot Leslau ኀለዮ(ት) ḫallayo(t) opinion, intellect, mind, meditation Leslau 1987, 262a
- Leslau puts certain derivates within parenthesis. Copy a derivate below the source word without the parenthesis, but keep in the transliteration the hyphen that separates morphemes (see ex. ልማድ).
Leslau ልማድ፡ lǝmād custom, habit, usage ዘልማድ፡ za-lǝmād habitual, customary Leslau 1987, 315a
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Leslau indicates sources that he uses. If it is possible provide the exact bibliographical information, withing parantheses) from Zotero. This is not possible when he writes "Lt" (literature). In that case write "Lt" anyway. He distinguishes between Kidanä Wäld Kǝflä and Kidanä Wäld Kǝflä*. In the second case put the asteriks after the bibl. note after a space: (bm:KidanaWK1955Dictionary *). The same goes for other authors marked with asterisk.
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Leslau puts a plus-sign in the bibliohraphical info concerning the additions in Alaqā Tāyya’s books. In that case, write [page, 6–14 Add.]bm:AlaqaTayya1965MSawasew.
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With some words he provides only the info that it is a derivative of a certain other word, given by him in transliteration. In that case write "vid." and give the word first in fidal and than transliterated.
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In the Bibliography (tag from Zotero Library) provide a page number and a column (a, b): Leslau 1987, 471a.
Leslau በረሓ baraḥā (*Kidanä Wäld Kǝfle 1955) wilderness, uninhabited place (from Amharic) Leslau 1987, 104a
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L8c88b3ecd0644a04b332a23d502e4eae
First copy the Geez example and then the translation. The translation should be given within single quotation signs ‘>en>....>’. Provide references for the Geez original and the translation, see below. Example sentences from different sources should be recorded, if possible, in an chronological order. Each text used as a source of examples should be added to the list of texts arranged chronologically.
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lbe39736b0aa049aa900f6c2a82ba92ba
The Bibliography contains the title of the source used (tag from Zotero Library) with the page number, line, column (if applicable), etc.
Information about Bibliography is, partly, already present in the guidelines (see “Bibliography”). Write down the page number “[p., 50 l. 3; 51 l. 3-4; 52 l. 6]bm:…” and the line (but only if it is provided by the editor/author). The line is given after the abbreviation “l.”. Alternativelly, you can use a colon after the page number to indicate the line “[page, 50:3; 51:3-4; 52:6]bm:…”; for a range of lines (e.g., when a word starts in one line and ends in the following one) a hyphen is used; a sequence of citation range (different lines in the same page or different pages of the edition where the word is attested) is separated with a semicolon. After the bm: write the title of the source which must be a unique Tag from the Zotero Library.
If footnotes are assigned to each chapter and start anew, refer to them in the following way: 5/1 (e.g., footnote of chapter 5 number 1).
To specify whether a lemma (or a passage) is from the edited text or from the translation, write in the syntax “(ed.)” (for the text) and “(tr.)” (for the translation) after the page and line number; e.g.: “Bezold 1905, 12 (tr.)”; “Marrassini 1993, 68:5 (ed.); 69 (tr.)”. If the Geez text comes from the apparatus, use the following syntax, e.g. Kropp 1988, 12 n. 1, 4 (app.).
Abbreviation of the text with the sentence or chapter number etc., where the word occurs.
A comment referring to the lemma and provided by the original editor in a footnote of the source can be placed either after the relevant example sentence or at the end of all example sentences. If the comment refers specifically to the quoted sentence then write it immediately after it (ex. እዳ). If it concerns the meaning shared by all the example sentences, place it at the end (ex. ቀለታ). Make a signpost at the beginning, after the translation, of the form “(see also the comment below/above)”. Write the comment between parentheses (…) and within single quotation marks, ‘….’. Provide the neccessary bibliography.
If a comment contains a transliterated word or phrase (often written in italics), encode it with the help of >gez!>, even if the transliteration system differes from the TraCES transliteration system.
TraCES en qallatā subst. ‘aid, help, gift’ Dästa Täklä Wäld 1969, 1070b (see also the comment below) ወበጽራዕሂ፡ ሥዩማኒሆሙ፡ ወዘታሕቴሆሙ፡ ኅዱግ፡ ወአፈ፡ ሹም፡ በስምዕ፡ ወበአንበሳ፡ ወበመዓር፡ ወበቀለታ፡ ወበሕዳድ፡ አሕረምነ፡ ከመ፡ ኢይባኡ፡፡ ‘Dans le Ṣerāʿ, nous avons défendu d’y entrer aux chefs des pays et à leurs subordonnés, les vicaires et les porte-parole des chefs, pour la cire, le lion, le miel, pour l’aumône et le ḥedād’ Conti Rossini 1909, 40 l. 11–13 (ed.), Conti Rossini 1910, 47 l. 23–26 (tr.) (‘Je traduis qalatā «aumône», d’après l’amharique qallata «faire l’aumône à une personne tombée en misère par un accident imprévu, tel qu’un incendie, une incursion de bandits, ect.»’ Conti Rossini 1910, 48 n. 2)
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L750d407d6d84431caf981de66be91af6
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L30864ad021594009b466f1e38f639316
Any omissions within the comment are indicated with three dots between curly brackets {...}.We don't indicate any omissions done either on the beginning or at the end of a comment.
To signal a quoted word or phrase use ‘….’; for quotation within the quotation use “…”.
If you want to add your own remark within any quotation put it within braces {...}. For instance, in the following quotation the editor used three dots in the translation, which were replaced by {...}: ወስምዕዎ፡ ለዝንቱ፡ ረሐብ፡ ወለይንቱ፡ ፍስሓ፡ ወለዝንቱ፡ ተስፋ፡ በተፀምዶ፡ ኅሊና፡ ‘Ascoltate questo {raḥab} e questa gioia e questa speranza con mente sottomessait’
If an editor uses the sign <...> to indicate an added text, you can only copy it in the example in the Ethiopic script, but neither in the translation nor in transliteration. It will interfere with signs used for encoding the information. Use instead parentheses (...).
Italicized words should be written in single quotation marks.
Square brackets, [], are used whenever an editor of the text adds or reconstructs a letter/word/passage. In the following example the editor, Conti Rossini, indicated the words added in the translation by italicizing them.
TraCES en ʾawfāri subst. meaning unknown አኮ፡ በቃለ፡ ሐፄ፡ ወአኮ፡ በመኰንን፡ ወበአውፋሪ፡ አላ፡ በቃለ፡ አፉየ፡ ጐለትኩ፡ ወወሰንኩ፡ ጕልታ፡ ለገበዘ፡ አክሱም፡ ‘[J’ai donné ces fiefs] non par le moyen d’un porte-parole royal, ni par le gouverneur ou l’awfāri; mais de ma propre bouche j’ai donné les fiefs et je les ai réglés pour la cathédrale d’Aksoum ’ Conti Rossini 1909, 21 l. 1–2 (ed.), Conti Rossini 1910, 23 l. 12–15 (tr.)
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L736dbf378f4148518ffba58d8ac81e1c
Any kind of interpolations on your side within the quoted passage (e.g. indicating a mistake, explaining an abbreviation, cross-referencing) are enclosed in braces {...}. In the Ex. ጫን below, the dictionary editor has reconstructed the word, and not the editor of the text. Hence the braces are used within the Ethiopic text.
TraCES en ṗlāṭon n. pr. (personal name) Plato ቍልቍያኖስ፡ ይቤሎ፡ ከመ፡ አንተ፡ ትብልኬ፡ እምጵላጦንሂ፡ ይኄይስ። ‘Culciano gli disse: «Intendi dire che era superiore anche a Platone?» ’ Bausi 2002, 33 (ed.); p. 46 (tr.) (‘«Platone»: la forma Ṗlāṭon di Et {i.e. the Ethiopic version} contrasta con la forma comune nella tradizione letteraria etiopica, che è Aflāṭon {vid. አፍላጦን} , di derivazione araba.’ Bausi 2002, 46 n. 23)
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L8ac2a923df104d129fabc7099a442ef6
TraCES en č̣ān subst. ‘measure of grain equivalent to 30 qunna-measures in Shoa or 100 qunna-measures in Gondar and Simien’ Kane 1990, 2228b ከላዳ፡ ጫን ፡ ከ፯፡ ማ{ድጋ}፡ ‘De Lādā: un č̣ān et 7 mādeggā’ Conti Rossini 1909, 17 l. 9 (ed.), Conti Rossini 1910, 19 l. 9–10 (tr.)
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L02175739604b4caf8fc69e1434d65994
In a string of cross-references each of them is separated by means of a bullet point ●. The first cross-reference in a string is always that which referes to another variant, such as here:Cross-references ● vid. also ሐፄ፡ ● for ቀሰ፡ ሐፀይ፡ vid. ቀስ፡
- Cross-referencing from the head of a compound word or collocation to its dependent component. Give a comma at the end of the entry followed by “vid.” + lemma in fidal
TraCES en a) ሊቀ፡ ምኔት liqa mǝnet subst. (title) ሊቀ፡ ምኔት፡ ደብረ፡ ሊባኖስ፡ እሞን፡ ለምኔታተ፡ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ‘the chief of the monastery of Däbrä Libanos — mother of the monastries of Ethiopia’ Solomon Gebreyes 2019, 59 § 109 (ed.), Solomon Gebreyes 2019, 34 § 109 (tr.), vid. ምኔት፡
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lef4ed3d79c8d44339fd73c7283d0123f
- Cross-referencing from the dependent component to the whole compound or collocation. This is encoded in a separate line under the heading “Cross-references” with the following syntax “<C< for (entry) ((vid.)) (entry) (TraCES)>C>”.
for ሕማመ፡ ደዌ፡ vid. ሕማም፡ (TraCES)
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lbc0690a3a14c496bbdc927d6130425e6
- In the entries coming from Leslau, if you want to cross reference to dependents, after the entry write comma, then ((vid.)) the word and then, after a comma follows the bibliographic nore referring to Leslau, see entry ታቦት.
For cross-referencing of proper names see below.
Cross-references from dependent compounds and parts of compound proper names are placed at the end under “Cross-references” <C< ... >C>. Each new cross-reference is marked with a bullet point. First come references to proper names, then come references to other compounds.
Cross-references ● part of n. pr. (personal name) vid. e.g. ባሕር፡ ሰገድ፡, ባሕረ፡ አስግድ፡ ● part of n. pr. (lake) vid. ባሕረ፡ ሳፍ፡ ● part of n. pr. (sea) vid. ባሕረ፡ ኢያሪኮ፡ ● for ሥዩመ፡ ባሕር፡ vid. ሥዩም፡ (TraCES) ● for አተረ፡ ባሕር፡ vid. ዐተር፡ (TraCES) ● for ማእከለ፡ ባሕር፡ vid. ማእከል፡ (TraCES) https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L015fb11cc2a74db1816932c3e52e2874
This section is devoted to any information concerning related forms in other languages and etymology. You encode it by means of <E<.....>E>. If comments contain already some information of this type, you can repeat it here in a more structured way. First give the direct etymology, e.g. “from Amharic ...” and then cognates if available. Provide bibliography.
TraCES en barakā subst. hermitage, ʻeremoʼ ወእምድኅረዝ፡ ኵሉ፡ አተዉ፡ በረካ፡ መካኖሙ፡ ደብረ፡ ማርያም። ʻ E dopo tutto questo ritornarono
all’eremo, loro abitazione, Däbrä Maryam.ʼ Tedros Abraha 2009, 114 (194) l. 17 (ed.); 115 (195) l. 18-19 (tr.) (ʻEsistono invece i termini በረኻ in tigrino e በረሃ in amarico. በረኻ/በረሃ significa «luogo deserto, disabitato». Cf. Francesco da Bassano 1918, 320. Si veda anche Leslau 1987, 104b-105a.ʼ Tedros Abraha 2009, 115 (195) n. 14)
E) Amharic በረሃ barahā wilderness, wild region Kane 1990, 8756b; Tigrinya በረኻ baraḵā, Coulbeaux et al. 1915 በራሓ barāḥā desert, wilderness Kane 2000, 1127a
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L8c88b3ecd0644a04b332a23d502e4eae
If you need to give a reference to a Biblical text from the Old Testament use the numeration of chapters and verses as in Dillmann's edition. Link: https://www.tau.ac.il/~hacohen/Biblia.html
As a rule, the main entry is placed under the head noun with a cross-reference to the dependent word (and vice versa). If needed, create a new entry for the head nound and the dependent word. Leslau is not always inconsistent in recording compounds: sometimes there are placed under the head, sometimes under the dependent. You register them consistently under the head noun. In the case of verbal + noun collocations, register them under the noun and cross refer them under the verb. If you find it reasonable, you may place such a collocation under both the noun and the verb.
https://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L4b0802a6e48f4dc79ee8e6d6b3031cb4
As lemma write all the components. Write the two dots ፡ only between the words (not at the end).
In the entry provide all information extracted from the text: transcription, (in case) alternative variants, part of speech, gender, (in case) translation, (in case) a specific example of a person (or a place) with that name trasliterated with first letter in capital, Bibliography and Reference.
TraCES en gabra masqal n. pr. (personal name) e.g. Gabra Masqal, regnal name of ዓምደ፡ ጽዮን፡ ʿĀmda Ṣǝyon (king of Ethiopia 1314-1344), Marrassini 1993, 51:4 (ed.) Chron. Am. 1 vid. ገብር፡, መስቀል፡ http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L9db555b4672341b0a6ca4932ea56d8c4
The components of a lemma should be cross-referenced.
Under the already existing lemma, add a new Source for TraCES and write there a cross reference to the new Lemma (represented by the whole compound word). Within the entry, after the transliteration of the lemma (not present in Dillmann), write “part of n. pr. (personal name)” and give the cross-reference by writing: “vid.” + New Lemma or “vid.” + e.g. New Lemma. It is treated as a new meaning marked with 1), 2) etc. and placed at the end of the entry after all the other meanings.
TraCES en gabr part of n. pr. (personal name) vid. e.g. ገብረ፡ መስቀል፡
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/La1dde44e977e4102ad0073db0a0588c4
TraCES en masqal part of n. pr. (personal name) vid. e.g. ገብረ፡ መስቀል፡
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L99f5aea2fc8947488f414e51e89fe0f2
Because there may be more compounds involving a given lemma, write “e.g.” between “vid.” and the lemma: “vid. e.g. ገብረ፡ መስቀል፡”.
Cross-referencing from the components to the entire compound lemma requires a link.
In general, the main entry is placed under the head noun with a cross-reference to the dependent word (and vice versa). If needed, create a new entry for the head nound and the dependent word. In the example below, the main entry for ጸሐፈ፡ ላም is under ጸሐፍ፡.
TraCES en ṣaḥaf ጸሐፈ፡ ላም፡ ṣaḥafa lām , ጸሓፈ፡ ላም፡ ṣaḥāfa lām (title) Marrassini 1993, 52:16 (ed.); 52:17 (ed.) Chron. Am. 11; ወኀልቁ፡ ብዙኃን፡ ወሞቱ፡ ኅዱግ፡ ራስ፡ ማኅፀንቶ፡ ወገብረ፡ መድኅን፡ ዓምዱ፡ ሸዋ፡ ጸሓፈላም፡ ‘Viele fielen, so der Ḫǝdug-Rās Māḥṣanto, Gabra-Madḫan, ʿĀmdu der Šawā-Ṣaḥafa-Lāhm’ {Note that in the translit. there is ‘Lāhm’, and not ‘Lām’ as in the original sentence} Kropp 1988, 13 l. 7-8 (ed.), Kropp 1988, 12 l. 15-16 (tr.), vid. ላም፡
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L82f8368a39ef42c4b32a76018f63e341
Example showing cross-referencing.
TraCES en lām for ጸሐፈ፡ ላም፡ vid. ጸሐፍ፡
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/Lc711c52780b9499ca93e01c724911bee
Add a new “Meaning” to Dillmann when, for instance:
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you find a word with a different or new meaning/use, new PoS, alternative forms, etc.
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if Dillmann does not provide components like: transcription, PoS (especially for personal and place names), etc.
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if you want to give a cross-reference to other lemmata
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in general, if you want to write any kind of comment with additional information.
N.B. Write the transliteration of the word as the first component, followed (in case) by the alternative forms, PoS, Morphological Information,Translation, Bibliography, Reference (see above I.1., a-m #).
Don’t assign any part of speech, if Dillmann already provides it in the Dillmann Source.
part. (Dillmann 1857 § 114,a) 1) doctor , magister , praeceptor : መምህረ፡ ሕግ፡ νομοθέτης Ps. 9,21; Ps. 83,7; καθηγητής Matth. 23,8; Matth. 23,10; διδάσκαλος Joh. 3,2; Rom. 2,20; Act. 5,34; 1 Cor. 12,28; Eph. 4,11; Hebr. 5,12; 1 Tim. 2,7; 2 Tim. 1,11; Jac. 3,1; ἐξηγητής Prov. 29,18; ሐዋርያት፡ እሙንቱ፡ መምህራኒክሙ፡ ለትእዛዘ፡ ክርስቶስ፡ II Const. Ap. 4; Did. creberrime; መምህራነ፡ ቤተ፡ ክርስቲያን፡ Patres ecclesiae Sx. Hed. 24; al. Fem. መምህርት፡ Sx. Haml. 25. 2) Titulus honorificus est (tamquam doctor , magister ), ex. gr. priorum monasteriis praepositorum, Lud. Pariter መምህርት፡ fem. 1 Reg. 4,14 titulus matronae esse videtur. TraCES en mamhǝr subst. 1) teacher , instructor , master , head 2) a title used for addressing a teacher 3) ‘ mämhǝr or teacher of a monk is, as a rule, the abbot of the monastery who gives monastic habit when a novice becomes a monk. The monk is däqiq {vid. ደቂቅ፡} or “(spiritual) child” or disciple of the abbot from whom he receives the habit and whom he would call “father”.’ Getatchew Haile 2011, 6 n. 29
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L288abc0dfba9438d9452055aca6b437b
Damoth, provincia Aeth. TraCES en dāmot 1) n. pr. (place name) Marrassini 1993, 52:8 (ed.) Chron. Am. 6 2) n. pr. (name of regiment) Marrassini 1993, 68:1 (ed.) Chron. Am. 51
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L69990608328f46608ee1137a4a533890
subst. , m. , tormenti vel equulei genus, instrumentum quo corpus torquetur : አዘዘ፡ ከመ፡ ያዕርግዎሙ፡ መልዕልተ፡ ኅንባዝ፡ እስከ፡ ይውሕዝ፡ ደሞሙ፡ ዲበ፡ ምድር፡ Sx. Mij. 18; አዘዘ፡ ያዕርግዎ፡ መልዕልተ፡ ሕንባዝ፡ ወየዐጽርዎ፡ ሥጋሁ፡ እስከ፡ ውሕዘ፡ ደሙ፡ ከመ፡ ማይ፡ Sx. Genb. 19; አዘዘ፡ ይስቅልዎ፡ ዲበ፡ ኅንባዝ፡ ወየዐጽርዎ፡ በመንኰራኵረ፡ እሳት፡ ዘኀጺን፡ Sx. Sen. 4; angelus ሰበሮ፡ ለኅንባዝ፡ Sx. Sen. 5. TraCES en Dillmann (and same goes for Leslau) does not seem to notice that this word which designates a torture instrument comes from the Arabic بازاله .Without the Arabic dual ending, obviously. The meaning of the word is very obscure and it is certainly not Arabic, but probably Persian. It is normally translated by modern editors as “breaking-wheel,” but I am not sure it’s the right meaning. بازاله is very common in Arabic translations of Coptic martyrdoms, in which it translates an equally difficult GrecoCoptic word, ἑρμητάριον, usually rendered as “torture-bed” (here again the translation is speculative).
http://betamasaheft.eu/Dillmann/lemma/L9dc37f9891fb418ebfeef5720f9aa322