🚗 IoT Toll System Supervisor

Transformative IoT and Blockchain-based Automated Toll Collection System

This project implements an ESP32 and Arduino Uno powered automated toll collection system that combines IoT sensors with blockchain technology for secure, transparent, and reliable vehicle authentication and payment processing.

🎯 Overview

The IoT Toll System Supervisor revolutionizes traditional toll collection by implementing a fully automated, IoT-enabled system that:

Eliminates manual intervention through RFID-based vehicle authentication
Ensures secure transactions using blockchain technology principles
Provides real-time monitoring via Google Sheets integration
Enhances user experience with instant gate operation and transparent billing

🏗️ System Architecture

graph TD
    A[Vehicle Approaches] --> B[RFID Scanner]
    B --> C[Arduino Uno Processing]
    C --> D{Valid RFID?}
    D -->|Yes| E[Gate Opens]
    D -->|No| F[Access Denied]
    E --> G[ESP32 Data Processing]
    G --> H[Google Sheets Logging]
    H --> I[Transaction Complete]

📄 Research Publication

This project is backed by peer-reviewed research published in IEEE Xplore:

📖 "IoT and Blockchain-based Automated Toll Collection System"

Abstract: This paper proposes a transformative solution for automated toll collection systems by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technology. The model aims to address challenges such as security breaches, lack of transparency, and unreliable transactions in current toll systems. Leveraging real-time data from IoT and the decentralised nature of blockchain, the proposed approach enhances security, ensures transparency, and improves overall reliability.

📍 Publication Details:

Conference: 2024 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Energy Efficient Technologies (I3CEET)
Conference Dates: September 20-21, 2024
IEEE Xplore Date: May 13, 2025
Electronic ISBN: 979-8-3315-4158-3
Print ISBN: 979-8-3315-4159-0
🔗 Read Full Paper

✨ Key Features

Feature	Description	Technology
🔐 Secure Authentication	RFID-based vehicle identification	MFRC522 Module
🚪 Automated Gate Control	Servo motor-operated barrier system	Servo Motor + Arduino
📊 Real-time Data Logging	Cloud-based transaction recording	ESP32 + Google Sheets API
🔊 Audio Feedback	Customizable alerts for system status	Buzzer Module
📱 Mobile Integration	Real-time monitoring capabilities	WiFi + HTTP
🛡️ Security Validation	Authorized-only access control	Database Validation

🛠️ Components Required

🖥️ Microcontrollers

ESP32 Development Board - IoT connectivity and data processing
Arduino Uno R3 - Main control unit for sensors and actuators

📡 Sensors & Modules

MFRC522 RFID Module - Vehicle identification
16x2 LCD Display with I2C - Status display
SG90 Servo Motor - Gate mechanism
Active Buzzer Module - Audio alerts

🔌 Connectivity & Power

Jumper wires (Male-to-Male, Male-to-Female)
Breadboard or PCB
5V Power Supply
USB cables for programming

⚡ Hardware Setup

🔗 Connection Diagram

ESP32 ←→ Arduino Uno (Serial Communication)
   ↓
Arduino Uno Connections:
├── RFID (MFRC522)
│   ├── SDA → Pin 10
│   ├── SCK → Pin 13
│   ├── MOSI → Pin 11
│   ├── MISO → Pin 12
│   └── RST → Pin 9
├── Servo Motor → Pin 6
├── Buzzer → Pin 7
└── LCD (I2C)
    ├── SDA → A4
    └── SCL → A5

📋 Pin Configuration Table

Component	Arduino Pin	ESP32 Pin	Notes
RFID SDA	10	-	SPI Slave Select
RFID SCK	13	-	SPI Clock
RFID MOSI	11	-	SPI Master Out
RFID MISO	12	-	SPI Master In
RFID RST	9	-	Reset Pin
Servo PWM	6	-	PWM Control
Buzzer	7	-	Digital Output
LCD SDA	A4	-	I2C Data
LCD SCL	A5	-	I2C Clock
Serial RX	0	TX (GPIO1)	Communication
Serial TX	1	RX (GPIO3)	Communication

🔄 System Workflow

🚦 Operation Flow

flowchart TD
    Start([System Ready]) --> Scan[RFID Card Detected]
    Scan --> Check{Valid Card?}
    Check -->|✅ Yes| Display[Show Vehicle ID on LCD]
    Check -->|❌ No| Deny[Access Denied + Buzzer]
    Display --> Gate[Open Gate + Success Tone]
    Gate --> Send[Send Data to ESP32]
    Send --> Log[Log to Google Sheets]
    Log --> Wait[Wait 3 seconds]
    Wait --> Close[Close Gate]
    Close --> Start
    Deny --> Start

📝 Step-by-Step Process

🔍 Detection Phase
- Vehicle approaches toll booth
- RFID scanner activates and reads card
🔐 Authentication Phase
- Arduino validates RFID against database
- System determines access permission
⚡ Action Phase
- Valid: Gate opens, LCD shows vehicle info
- Invalid: Access denied, error buzzer sounds
📊 Logging Phase
- ESP32 receives transaction data
- Information logged to Google Sheets with timestamp
🔄 Reset Phase
- Gate closes after delay
- System returns to ready state

🚀 Installation Guide

📋 Prerequisites

Arduino IDE (Version 1.8.13 or higher)
ESP32 Board Package installed in Arduino IDE
Google Account for Sheets integration
WiFi Network for ESP32 connectivity

📚 Required Libraries

Arduino Uno Libraries:

# Install via Arduino Library Manager
- Wire.h (Built-in)
- LiquidCrystal_I2C.h
- Servo.h (Built-in)
- MFRC522.h
- SPI.h (Built-in)
- SoftwareSerial.h (Built-in)

ESP32 Libraries:

# Install via Arduino Library Manager
- WiFi.h (Built-in)
- HTTPClient.h (Built-in)
- TimeLib.h

🔧 Step-by-Step Setup

1. Hardware Assembly

1. Connect components according to wiring diagram
2. Double-check all connections
3. Ensure stable power supply to both boards

2. Code Upload

# Upload Arduino Uno Code
1. Select Board: "Arduino Uno"
2. Select correct COM Port
3. Upload the Arduino sketch

# Upload ESP32 Code  
1. Select Board: "ESP32 Dev Module"
2. Select correct COM Port
3. Upload the ESP32 sketch

3. Google Sheets Configuration

Create Google Sheet:

- Create new Google Sheet
- Set up columns: Date, Time, Vehicle_UID, Status

Deploy Apps Script:

// Create Google Apps Script web app
// Set permissions to "Anyone can access"
// Copy web app URL for ESP32 code

Update ESP32 Code:

// Replace with your Google Apps Script URL
const char* serverName = "YOUR_GOOGLE_SCRIPT_URL_HERE";

// Replace with your WiFi credentials
const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_SSID";
const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";

4. System Testing

✅ Power on both Arduino and ESP32
✅ Check serial monitor for connection status
✅ Test with authorized RFID tag
✅ Verify gate operation and LCD display
✅ Confirm data logging in Google Sheets

💻 Code Architecture

🔧 Arduino Uno - Main Controller

Core Responsibilities:

🔍 RFID card scanning and validation
🚪 Servo motor gate control
📺 LCD status display management
🔊 Buzzer alert system
📡 Serial communication with ESP32

Key Functions:

void setup()           // Initialize components
void loop()            // Main program loop  
void checkRFID()       // Scan and validate RFID
void operateGate()     // Control gate servo
void displayStatus()   // Update LCD display
void sendToESP32()     // Transmit data via serial

🌐 ESP32 - IoT Gateway

Core Responsibilities:

📶 WiFi connectivity management
📊 Data processing and validation
☁️ Google Sheets API integration
⏰ Timestamp generation
🔄 HTTP request handling

Key Functions:

void setup()           // Initialize WiFi and components
void loop()            // Listen for Arduino data
void connectWiFi()     // Establish WiFi connection
void logToSheets()     // Send data to Google Sheets
void validateUID()     // Check UID format

📸 Project Gallery

🛠️ Hardware Setup

Complete system assembly showing Arduino Uno, ESP32, RFID module, servo gate, and LCD display

📱 Mobile Integration

Real-time monitoring interface showing transaction logs and system status

🎥 System Demonstration

Demo.Video.mp4

Live demonstration of complete toll collection process from RFID scan to data logging

🔮 Future Roadmap

🚀 Phase 1: Enhanced Security

Blockchain Integration - Implement decentralized transaction validation
Encryption Protocol - Add AES encryption for data transmission
Multi-factor Authentication - Combine RFID with biometric verification

💳 Phase 2: Payment Integration

Digital Wallets - Support for UPI, PayPal, cryptocurrency
Dynamic Pricing - Peak hour and congestion-based toll calculation
Subscription Models - Monthly/yearly toll passes

📊 Phase 3: Analytics & AI

Traffic Analytics - Real-time traffic flow analysis
Predictive Maintenance - AI-powered system health monitoring
Revenue Optimization - Machine learning for toll pricing

🌐 Phase 4: Smart Infrastructure

5G Connectivity - Ultra-low latency communication
Edge Computing - Local processing for faster response
Smart City Integration - Connect with city-wide traffic management

🤝 Contributing

We welcome contributions to improve the IoT Toll System! Here's how you can help:

🛠️ Development Setup

1. Fork the repository
2. Clone your fork locally
3. Create a feature branch
4. Make your changes
5. Test thoroughly
6. Submit a pull request

📝 Contribution Guidelines

Follow Arduino coding standards
Include comments for complex logic
Test all hardware connections
Update documentation for new features
Ensure backward compatibility

🐛 Bug Reports

Use GitHub Issues for bug reports
Include system specifications
Provide detailed error descriptions
Add photos/videos if helpful

📞 Support & Contact

📧 Email: aadityapanda23@gmail.com
🐙 GitHub Issues: [https://github.com/AadityaPanda/ITSS/issues]
📄 IEEE Paper: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10993585

📄 License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

⭐ If this project helped you, please give it a star on GitHub!

Built with ❤️ for the future of smart transportation

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 24 Commits
ESP32GSNew.ino		ESP32GSNew.ino
ITSSCode1.ino		ITSSCode1.ino
README.md		README.md

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