Does the ASP.NET code actually do anything to deal with multiple processes attempting to create/rotate keys simultaneously? https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/data-protection/implementation/key-storage-providers?view=aspnetcore-2.2 I think it does not: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/security/data-protection/configuration/overview?view=aspnetcore-2.2#disableautomatickeygeneration