From cea1c72cea2bc314198743772e887b797d11c093 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vincenzo Palazzo <vincenzopalazzodev@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 2026 19:39:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] BOLT 12: Validate bech32 padding per BIP-173

Add validation for bech32 padding in BOLT 12 offer parsing per BIP-173
which states: "Any incomplete group at the end MUST be 4 bits or less,
MUST be all zeroes, and is discarded."

This adds a test vector from the BOLT specification that ensures offers
with invalid padding (exceeding the 4-bit limit) are properly rejected.

Previously, LDK would accept offers with invalid bech32 padding. This
was identified through differential fuzzing across Lightning
implementations (see lightning/bolts#1312).

The fix calls `validate_segwit_padding()` from the bech32 crate during
offer parsing, and introduces a new `InvalidPadding` variant to
`Bolt12ParseError` to surface these errors.

Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Palazzo <vincenzopalazzodev@gmail.com>
---
 lightning/src/offers/offer.rs |  7 +++++++
 lightning/src/offers/parse.rs | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/lightning/src/offers/offer.rs b/lightning/src/offers/offer.rs
index 7ad3c282c77..5592c50a264 100644
--- a/lightning/src/offers/offer.rs
+++ b/lightning/src/offers/offer.rs
@@ -2528,5 +2528,12 @@ mod bolt12_tests {
 			"lno1pgx9getnwss8vetrw3hhyucsespjgef743p5fzqq9nqxh0ah7y87rzv3ud0eleps9kl2d5348hq2k8qzqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgqpqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqzqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqqzq3zyg3zyg3zygszqqqqyqqqqsqqvpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqszqgpqyqsq".parse::<Offer>(),
 			Err(Bolt12ParseError::Decode(DecodeError::InvalidValue)),
 		);
+
+		// Bech32 padding exceeds 4-bit limit (BOLT 12 test vector)
+		// See: https://github.com/lightning/bolts/pull/1312
+		assert!(matches!(
+			"lno1zcss9mk8y3wkklfvevcrszlmu23kfrxh49px20665dqwmn4p72pkseseq".parse::<Offer>(),
+			Err(Bolt12ParseError::InvalidPadding(_))
+		));
 	}
 }
diff --git a/lightning/src/offers/parse.rs b/lightning/src/offers/parse.rs
index 99dd1bb938d..df71e860d2d 100644
--- a/lightning/src/offers/parse.rs
+++ b/lightning/src/offers/parse.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 use crate::io;
 use crate::ln::msgs::DecodeError;
 use crate::util::ser::CursorReadable;
-use bech32::primitives::decode::CheckedHrpstringError;
+use bech32::primitives::decode::{CheckedHrpstringError, PaddingError};
 use bitcoin::secp256k1;
 
 #[allow(unused_imports)]
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ mod sealed {
 				return Err(Bolt12ParseError::InvalidBech32Hrp);
 			}
 
+			// Validate that bech32 padding is valid per BIP-173:
+			// "Any incomplete group at the end MUST be 4 bits or less, MUST be all zeroes"
+			parsed.validate_segwit_padding()?;
+
 			let data = parsed.byte_iter().collect::<Vec<u8>>();
 			Self::try_from(data)
 		}
@@ -146,6 +150,11 @@ pub enum Bolt12ParseError {
 		/// This is not exported to bindings users as the details don't matter much
 		CheckedHrpstringError,
 	),
+	/// The bech32 data has invalid padding per BIP-173 (more than 4 bits or non-zero padding).
+	InvalidPadding(
+		/// This is not exported to bindings users as the details don't matter much
+		PaddingError,
+	),
 	/// The bech32 decoded string could not be decoded as the expected message type.
 	Decode(DecodeError),
 	/// The parsed message has invalid semantics.
@@ -232,6 +241,12 @@ impl From<CheckedHrpstringError> for Bolt12ParseError {
 	}
 }
 
+impl From<PaddingError> for Bolt12ParseError {
+	fn from(error: PaddingError) -> Self {
+		Self::InvalidPadding(error)
+	}
+}
+
 impl From<DecodeError> for Bolt12ParseError {
 	fn from(error: DecodeError) -> Self {
 		Self::Decode(error)
@@ -326,7 +341,7 @@ mod bolt12_tests {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-	use super::Bolt12ParseError;
+	use super::{Bolt12ParseError, PaddingError};
 	use crate::ln::msgs::DecodeError;
 	use crate::offers::offer::Offer;
 	use bech32::primitives::decode::{CharError, CheckedHrpstringError, UncheckedHrpstringError};
@@ -371,4 +386,15 @@ mod tests {
 			Err(e) => assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::Decode(DecodeError::InvalidValue)),
 		}
 	}
+
+	#[test]
+	fn fails_parsing_bech32_encoded_offer_with_invalid_padding() {
+		// BOLT 12 test vector for invalid bech32 padding
+		// See: https://github.com/lightning/bolts/pull/1312
+		let encoded_offer = "lno1zcss9mk8y3wkklfvevcrszlmu23kfrxh49px20665dqwmn4p72pkseseq";
+		match encoded_offer.parse::<Offer>() {
+			Ok(_) => panic!("Valid offer: {}", encoded_offer),
+			Err(e) => assert_eq!(e, Bolt12ParseError::InvalidPadding(PaddingError::TooMuch)),
+		}
+	}
 }