From 41ddb90b30dd9dddf108712aa23203ec9438baf8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 14:24:05 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 1/8] Sorted data --- data/classes_for_training_coarse.tsv | 2372 +- .../semclass_absoluteFrequencies.txt | 5 + .../semclass_relativeFrequencies.txt | 4 + .../predicted_complingterm_non-annotated.tsv | 22980 ++++++++++++++++ 4 files changed, 24175 insertions(+), 1186 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_absoluteFrequencies.txt create mode 100644 data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_relativeFrequencies.txt create mode 100644 data/output/predicted_complingterm_non-annotated.tsv diff --git a/data/classes_for_training_coarse.tsv b/data/classes_for_training_coarse.tsv index 536372c..006e572 100644 --- a/data/classes_for_training_coarse.tsv +++ b/data/classes_for_training_coarse.tsv @@ -1,512 +1,512 @@ -dags yellow -data structure yellow -hub yellow -hubs yellow -parse record yellow -path of arcs yellow -suffix array-based 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DSMMM +trigram model DSMMM +trigram models DSMMM +user model DSMMM +User models DSMMM +user models DSMMM +word N-gram models DSMMM +word set based representation DSMMM +word vectors DSMMM +word-based models DSMMM +word-based trigram language model DSMMM abstract moves other actors other addressee other @@ -811,680 +811,680 @@ verbal interactions other word matchings other word segmentation problem other world knowledge other -abduction blue -abductive inference blue -adaptation blue -adaptive dynamic word formation blue -addressee identification blue -affix removal blue -agenda-based scheduling parser blue -alignment blue -alignment algorithm blue -alignment techniques blue -ambiguity handling blue -ambiguity packing blue -ambiguity packing and stochastic disambiguation techniques blue -analysis blue -anaphora resolution blue -annotating scheme blue -annotation blue -answer resolution algorithm blue -answering agents blue -APs blue -Arabic information retrieval blue -Arabic stemmer blue -Arabic word segmentation system blue -Arabic word segmenter blue -argumentation system blue -associative processors ( APs ) blue -asynchronous message passing blue -ATN blue -ATNs blue -Augmented Case Marker System blue -Augmented Transition Network blue -automated evaluation techniques blue -automatic alignments blue -automatic evaluation blue -automatic extraction blue -automatic parameter optimization blue -automatic parse-based evaluation blue -Automatic Speech Recognition technology blue -automaton blue -bag-of-words and segment order-sensitive string comparison methods blue -bag-of-words methods blue -balance matching operation blue -baseline methods blue -baseline sentence planners blue -baseline system blue -baselines blue -basic mapping blue -Bayesian learning blue -beam-search decoder blue -Begin/After tagging blue -benchmark system blue -BIA blue -bidirectional grammar generation system blue -binary relational calculus notation blue -block reordering blue -block selection criteria blue -Boolean conditions blue -boosting approach blue -boosting method blue -bootstrapping approach blue -bootstrapping procedure blue -bottom-up pattern-matching parser blue -case-based MT ( CBMT ) blue -case-based reasoning blue -categorial grammar blue -Category Cooccurrence Restrictions ( CCRs ) blue -CCR formalism blue -CCRs blue -certainty conditions blue -CFG filter blue -CFG filtering techniques blue -chart blue -chart Parsing blue -Chart parsing blue -chart-based algorithms blue -chart-based phrase structure parsing blue -Chart-like parsing blue -Chinese Natural Language Processing blue -class-dependent interpolation blue -classification method blue -classifiers blue -cluster number estimation blue -clustering blue -clustering algorithm blue -clustering methods blue -coherence rules blue -cohesion constraint blue -Combination methods blue -combination methods blue -comma checker blue -commonsense reasoning blue -computer aided second language learning blue 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TechTool +CMU's SMT system TechTool +FERRET TechTool +FlexP TechTool +FROFF TechTool +IDUS ( Intelligent Document Understanding System ) TechTool +InfoMagnets TechTool +JAVELIN TechTool +JAVELIN system TechTool +LCS-Marine TechTool +LHIP TechTool +linguistic tools TechTool +LOGON MT demonstrator TechTool +Lucy TechTool +MIT ATIS ( Air Travel Information Service ) system TechTool +MIT ATIS system TechTool +NOMAD TechTool +ONTOSCORE TechTool +Paramax spoken language understanding system TechTool +Paul TechTool +RAREAS TechTool +RINA TechTool +SPoT TechTool +SPRINT TechTool +STTK TechTool +SUMMIT recognizer TechTool +SYSCONJ system TechTool +TACITUS TechTool +TAP-XL Automated Analyst's Assistant TechTool +TGE TechTool +training examples TechTool \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_absoluteFrequencies.txt b/data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_absoluteFrequencies.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..985c5fa --- /dev/null +++ b/data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_absoluteFrequencies.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Linguistics 1967 2019 6223 4501 1764 3137 14599 11990 4986 9851 9982 9095 9838 21516 13866 23911 17632 28880 25914 39697 33547 44565 19374 40181 45463 56766 30542 55721 29231 52614 54550 100865 58944 104783 +TechTool 1347 798 3875 2285 2329 2543 9922 9510 3937 8765 9189 8577 8620 18213 12025 22633 19313 32109 26795 42195 33095 44501 19543 38971 45482 54940 32195 58915 34875 54165 62044 113522 69486 125383 +other 718 699 2473 1336 1497 2559 7510 6090 2903 5194 5759 5315 5709 12503 7773 16410 10069 16069 15118 21380 19241 23826 10227 21042 23522 30484 17398 29918 16205 25091 26276 51397 29207 55734 +DSMMM 313 116 642 586 416 463 2650 1905 923 2089 1991 1919 1760 3830 2484 5669 4915 6912 6203 10161 8365 10850 5702 9900 11824 14554 9119 15541 9544 13681 16246 32368 21898 39866 +Sum 4345 3632 13213 8708 6006 8702 34681 29495 12749 25899 26921 24906 25927 56062 36148 68623 51929 83970 74030 113433 94248 123742 54846 110094 126291 156744 89254 160095 89855 145551 159116 298152 179535 325766 diff --git a/data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_relativeFrequencies.txt b/data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_relativeFrequencies.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cbdfe21 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/frequencies_over_time/semclass_relativeFrequencies.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +green_rel 0.452704258 0.55589207 0.470975554 0.516881029 0.293706294 0.360491841 0.420950953 0.406509578 0.391089497 0.380362176 0.370788604 0.365173051 0.379449994 0.383789376 0.383589687 0.348440027 0.339540526 0.343932357 0.350047278 0.349959888 0.355943893 0.360144494 0.353243628 0.364969935 0.359986064 0.362157403 0.342191947 0.348049596 0.325313004 0.361481543 0.342831645 0.338300598 0.328314813 0.321651124 +blue_rel 0.310011507 0.219713656 0.293271778 0.262402389 0.387778888 0.292231671 0.28609325 0.32242753 0.308808534 0.338430055 0.341332046 0.344374849 0.33247194 0.324872463 0.332660175 0.329816534 0.371911649 0.382386567 0.361947859 0.371981698 0.351148035 0.359627289 0.356324983 0.353979327 0.36013651 0.350507834 0.360712125 0.36800025 0.388125313 0.372137601 0.38992936 0.3807521 0.387033169 0.384886698 +other_rel 0.165247411 0.192455947 0.187164157 0.153422141 0.249250749 0.294070329 0.216545082 0.206475674 0.227704134 0.200548284 0.213922217 0.213402393 0.220195163 0.223020941 0.215032644 0.239132652 0.193899363 0.191365964 0.204214508 0.188481306 0.204152873 0.192545781 0.186467564 0.191127582 0.186252385 0.194482723 0.194926838 0.186876542 0.180346113 0.172386311 0.165137384 0.172385226 0.162681371 0.171085994 +yellow_rel 0.072036824 0.031938326 0.048588511 0.067294442 0.069264069 0.05320616 0.076410715 0.064587218 0.072397835 0.080659485 0.073957134 0.077049707 0.067882902 0.06831722 0.068717495 0.082610786 0.094648462 0.082315113 0.083790355 0.089577107 0.088755199 0.087682436 0.103963826 0.089923157 0.093625041 0.092852039 0.10216909 0.097073613 0.10621557 0.093994545 0.102101611 0.108562076 0.121970646 0.122376184 diff --git a/data/output/predicted_complingterm_non-annotated.tsv b/data/output/predicted_complingterm_non-annotated.tsv new file mode 100644 index 0000000..687e951 --- /dev/null +++ b/data/output/predicted_complingterm_non-annotated.tsv @@ -0,0 +1,22980 @@ +knowledge editing other 0.30 0.00 0.69 0.00 +lfg lexicon lookup TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +homomorphism DSMMM 0.08 0.17 0.31 0.44 +general-to-specific learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +spoken document categorization TechTool 0.74 0.25 0.01 0.00 +multilingual information exchange other 0.31 0.00 0.68 0.01 +arabic stemmer TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.06 0.00 +constraint propagation algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +token processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +IBM Models 1-2 DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.88 +semi-supervised learning TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.05 0.00 +simultaneous speech other 0.18 0.12 0.69 0.01 +theoremhood TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.25 0.10 +phonetic-based scoring TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.02 0.16 +slot-filling schemata TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +time complexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.61 +standard grammar textbook Linguistics 0.40 0.54 0.03 0.02 +principled feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +iexical acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +svm classifier TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dynamic splitting TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +structure-sharing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.05 0.11 +cascaded chunking parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pre-discourse meaning Linguistics 0.02 0.88 0.09 0.01 +bottom-up approach TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +bigram distribution modelling DSMMM 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.73 +korean language Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.02 0.01 +case particle Linguistics 0.13 0.78 0.03 0.05 +subject-object relation other 0.01 0.28 0.67 0.05 +dependency parsing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +prosody Linguistics 0.08 0.52 0.36 0.04 +stochastic model TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +addressee prediction TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.24 0.19 +domain-independent question answering TechTool 0.48 0.41 0.11 0.00 +categorisation research other 0.46 0.03 0.50 0.00 +referent disambiguation TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +phrasal analysis program TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.02 +parser-based approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word-extraction TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.00 0.04 +relation matching TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.04 0.10 +ohsumed dataset Linguistics 0.13 0.78 0.06 0.04 +finite-state dependency parser TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +distributional analysis \ TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.00 0.02 +knowledge storage TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +likelihood reestimation DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.57 +projection DSMMM 0.15 0.24 0.29 0.32 +kpca-based model DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.68 +look-ahead probability DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.96 +automata induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +language generation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +feature-value pair TechTool 0.58 0.03 0.00 0.39 +source language text Linguistics 0.01 0.59 0.40 0.00 +knowledge representation structure TechTool 0.57 0.02 0.39 0.02 +regression trees DSMMM 0.43 0.01 0.01 0.55 +phrase-based statistical machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +word reordering problem other 0.32 0.00 0.67 0.01 +multi-document fusion TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +semantic grammar TechTool 0.67 0.16 0.01 0.16 +microsoft speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +phrase clustering TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.00 0.12 +gear rule-writing language TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.04 0.00 +incremental acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +accident modelling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.02 +topic suspension and resumption other 0.20 0.02 0.76 0.02 +interactive query TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +metadata detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +ontology-based inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +past participle Linguistics 0.16 0.60 0.24 0.00 +topic shift detection TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.15 0.06 +text summarisation system TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +information extraction and retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +multiple-output conversion TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +statistical alignment TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +speech tag Linguistics 0.39 0.51 0.09 0.01 +large vocabulary speech recognizer TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.01 +vector normalization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +pragmatic interpretation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.02 +term classification TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.00 0.41 +parameter pooling other 0.40 0.00 0.50 0.10 +reuters corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +speech act identification TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +learning module TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +phoneme string TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.37 0.06 +tim sentence Linguistics 0.18 0.57 0.20 0.04 +chi-square statistic TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.01 0.48 +length-based sentence alignment TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.39 +discourse deictic anaphora Linguistics 0.24 0.42 0.34 0.00 +database lookup TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +term derivation DSMMM 0.09 0.02 0.42 0.47 +trec evaluation other 0.06 0.02 0.49 0.44 +statistical parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +phrasal reordering TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +subcategorization category Linguistics 0.08 0.73 0.14 0.05 +regularization framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +caseframe network TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.01 0.35 +Japanese patent claim sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.88 0.07 0.03 +noun prediction TechTool 0.59 0.27 0.00 0.14 +muc-5 joint-venture domain Linguistics 0.17 0.59 0.20 0.04 +lfg parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +transformation scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +concurrency TechTool 0.49 0.22 0.26 0.02 +best-first clustering coreference TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.01 +sequential rule application TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +interlanguage level models DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.96 +quantifier logic TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +record linking TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.13 0.34 +comparative study TechTool 0.59 0.09 0.32 0.00 +atis corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +linguistic knowledge customization TechTool 0.66 0.03 0.31 0.00 +lambek calculus TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +learning techniques TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +data-intensive knowledge management TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.00 +tree-adjoining grammar parsing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +mixed initiative interaction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +conjugate gradient search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +entity-oriented parser TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.01 +feature selection and extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word detection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +lexical choice process other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +auditory-type modeling TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.02 +syntactic mismatch TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.18 0.06 +coherence model DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.93 +parsing scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +identification task TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +long terminal repeat Linguistics 0.08 0.47 0.39 0.06 +tile word graph DSMMM 0.15 0.05 0.03 0.76 +electronic mail Linguistics 0.41 0.48 0.11 0.00 +english corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +chinese lexical Linguistics 0.09 0.88 0.03 0.00 +tree path DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.92 +corpus-based training TechTool 0.67 0.30 0.00 0.02 +semantic computation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.08 0.23 +verb attachment Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.01 +lexemic syntax TechTool 0.46 0.09 0.22 0.23 +functional evaluation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.20 +document collections Linguistics 0.02 0.87 0.09 0.03 +entity recognition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +document representation TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.03 0.15 +compound analysis TechTool 0.90 0.09 0.01 0.01 +sense identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +feature selection criterion TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +expectation maximisation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.27 0.05 +knowledge-based categorization TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +natural dialogue Linguistics 0.27 0.41 0.32 0.00 +japanese corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +binary classiflcation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +segmentation dictionary Linguistics 0.31 0.69 0.00 0.00 +pattern recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +feedback selection TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 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0.14 0.00 +thematic structure Linguistics 0.05 0.80 0.08 0.07 +lambda conversion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +homophone Linguistics 0.16 0.58 0.19 0.07 +language parsing and generation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.18 0.04 +nominalization TechTool 0.47 0.22 0.10 0.22 +supervised learning schema TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +probability recomputation DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.97 +basenp chunking TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.01 0.00 +genus term Linguistics 0.01 0.53 0.03 0.43 +flat classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +knowledge-based machine translation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.01 +maximum entropy approach TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +heuristic parse TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +mean-shift region segmentation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.25 +concept-based analysis system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +top-down parsing TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +top-down algorithm TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +multi-lingual information summarization TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.00 +baum-welch forward-backward training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text-tospeech TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.04 0.01 +out-of-vocabulary word recognition TechTool 0.54 0.39 0.00 0.07 +pronominal anaphora resolution module TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +skeletal syntactic structure Linguistics 0.33 0.45 0.10 0.12 +network graph DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.78 +rule-based translation system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +cross-document coreference resolution TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +poisson distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.95 +finite-state tagging TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.07 0.00 +top-down classification TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +exhaustive parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +iterative design TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +treebank transduction TechTool 0.83 0.11 0.05 0.01 +object oriented programming TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.41 0.02 +one-anaphora resolution TechTool 0.79 0.20 0.00 0.00 +semantic index TechTool 0.74 0.02 0.08 0.16 +multilingual query interpretation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.02 +fragmenter module TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +modern standard arabic Linguistics 0.08 0.88 0.03 0.00 +shift-reduce parser TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.07 +me modeling framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +unconstrained optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +annotated newspaper text Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.11 0.00 +perceptual map DSMMM 0.12 0.01 0.28 0.59 +word sense discovery TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +surface form restoration TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.45 0.04 +phoneme recognizer TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +closed-set text-independent speaker identification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +qa research other 0.42 0.00 0.58 0.00 +spoken lecture processing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +concept abstraction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +learning morpho-lexical probabilities other 0.02 0.00 0.77 0.21 +aggregation strategy TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +language understandin g Linguistics 0.19 0.73 0.07 0.01 +hearstpatternsforinstance-classrelation TechTool 0.52 0.17 0.22 0.08 +scalar irrtplieature TechTool 0.55 0.18 0.17 0.10 +encyclopedia text Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.10 0.00 +hands-on training TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +ie method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +data integration TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.31 0.04 +list detection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +syntactic priming other 0.46 0.00 0.52 0.02 +indefinite reference Linguistics 0.11 0.65 0.23 0.00 +dialogue context other 0.09 0.07 0.82 0.02 +constraint-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +qa system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +basque Linguistics 0.19 0.61 0.16 0.05 +bilingual textalignment TechTool 0.58 0.18 0.13 0.11 +ranking scheme TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +constraint-acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +representation schemata TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +syntactic transformation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +English phrase Linguistics 0.04 0.93 0.00 0.03 +dataprocessing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +symbolic manipulation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +translation schemata TechTool 0.75 0.15 0.08 0.02 +co-reference resolution TechTool 0.81 0.04 0.14 0.00 +holder agreement DSMMM 0.01 0.11 0.16 0.73 +semantic reranking TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.05 +word-trie TechTool 0.46 0.13 0.01 0.40 +deductive restructuring TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +large technical text corpora Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.03 0.00 +marker selection TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +quasi-destructive unification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +statistical answer pinpointing TechTool 0.53 0.02 0.29 0.16 +tense transposition TechTool 0.53 0.21 0.25 0.00 +pattern generator TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +linear time algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +language generation and understanding TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +intelligent search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lc parsing algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +learning process other 0.12 0.00 0.88 0.00 +sequence matching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +translation equivalent TechTool 0.40 0.37 0.22 0.01 +preposition combination TechTool 0.50 0.49 0.01 0.00 +hybrid disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +communication device TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +candidateranking TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +cross-language processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +phrase combiner TechTool 0.84 0.09 0.00 0.07 +gene ontology Linguistics 0.13 0.56 0.28 0.02 +genitive form Linguistics 0.18 0.77 0.05 0.01 +hinoki treebank Linguistics 0.08 0.84 0.06 0.02 +lexicologist other 0.32 0.26 0.35 0.06 +semantic role other 0.16 0.06 0.77 0.00 +message selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +scope bearing Linguistics 0.01 0.53 0.42 0.05 +damsl annotation scheme TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +chinese-english mt TechTool 0.70 0.26 0.00 0.04 +performance enhancing DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +raising-verb adjunction TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.01 0.00 +dictionary maintenance TechTool 0.59 0.37 0.00 0.04 +loom knowledge representation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.01 +arabic ocr error correction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +semantic language modeling TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.05 0.07 +words recognition TechTool 0.77 0.11 0.06 0.05 +instance extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +grammar-based recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +honorific genitive case marker Linguistics 0.43 0.56 0.01 0.01 +e-k transliteration model other 0.23 0.01 0.68 0.08 +mediated priming other 0.43 0.00 0.55 0.03 +acoustic signal DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.37 0.59 +domain-independent text categorization TechTool 0.69 0.28 0.03 0.00 +syntactic conversion TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +english part-of-speech TechTool 0.48 0.41 0.10 0.01 +statistical parsers TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +cfs unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +distance extraction DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.68 +ranked candidate list other 0.00 0.15 0.53 0.32 +hpsg parse disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +parameter-independent learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +statistics-based alignment TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.22 +context-free recognition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +context understanding TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +natural language disambiguation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +information extraction system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +relative frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.06 0.01 0.93 +phrase boundary detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +smt algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +phrase level DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.94 +relation-sense selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +abbreviations Linguistics 0.12 0.58 0.26 0.04 +question answering and summarization TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +pronunciation competence other 0.01 0.01 0.95 0.03 +sentence ranking DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.01 0.61 +component interchangeability other 0.06 0.00 0.92 0.02 +game playing other 0.15 0.38 0.46 0.00 +sgml mark-up TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.01 0.02 +sequence decoding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +thesaurus Linguistics 0.28 0.40 0.27 0.06 +citation extraction and analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +pseudo-clefting TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.05 0.03 +spoken interface control TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +sls development TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +covariance matrix ~ TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.07 0.07 +natural language programming TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +annotated corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +baseline performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +conjunction operator TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.00 0.00 +treebank parser TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.00 0.01 +user-initiated clarification TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +artiiicial intelligence research TechTool 0.38 0.37 0.25 0.00 +n-gram feature selection TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +bigram training DSMMM 0.42 0.05 0.00 0.53 +word spotting TechTool 0.80 0.11 0.02 0.07 +text summarization and synchronization TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +principle-based theory TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.09 0.16 +linear function approximation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.05 0.16 +forward match TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +yasmet me package TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.01 +topic detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +non-parametric switching TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.18 0.06 +deterministic parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +key phrase expansion TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +structured query TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.34 0.02 +narrative understanding TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.05 0.01 +sublanguage extraction TechTool 0.91 0.09 0.00 0.00 +candidate selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +head word selection TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.02 +sentential conjunction Linguistics 0.21 0.76 0.03 0.00 +thematic cohesion TechTool 0.46 0.02 0.42 0.10 +ontological semantics Linguistics 0.40 0.48 0.00 0.11 +static reordering TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +string similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.97 +phrase boundary heuristics TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +glos annotation TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.10 0.03 +human\/machine interface TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +keyphrase finding TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.16 0.01 +tm system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +system dialogue act other 0.16 0.07 0.77 0.00 +keyword-based document retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +rule-based model TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +meta language other 0.28 0.20 0.51 0.01 +probability estimation DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.74 +acoustic score DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +complex word Linguistics 0.44 0.46 0.08 0.01 +hungarian orthography Linguistics 0.02 0.84 0.13 0.00 +tone learning TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +constraint-grammar system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +multilingual natural language processing system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +forward-connection TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.14 +sanskrit syntax Linguistics 0.15 0.62 0.15 0.08 +pruning bigram TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +sentential parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +deep analysis TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.07 0.01 +well-formed formula other 0.26 0.03 0.58 0.12 +candidate elimination TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.03 +routine counting TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.09 0.04 +kappa statistic DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.93 +constraint compilation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +sectioning information other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.01 +japanese-to-english translation TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.00 0.01 +left-context checking TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.15 0.05 +news corpus Linguistics 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 +generation model TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +gene normalization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +similarity function DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.96 +event calculus TechTool 0.75 0.18 0.07 0.00 +em training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +commentary understanding TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.09 0.01 +rating system TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +cue phrase information Linguistics 0.01 0.68 0.28 0.03 +ranking candidate DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.04 0.60 +dependency grammar DSMMM 0.31 0.26 0.00 0.42 +cnn segmentation performance DSMMM 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.87 +perplexity measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +bagging TechTool 0.64 0.15 0.09 0.11 +computational linguistics evaluation DSMMM 0.12 0.06 0.05 0.77 +entropy-minimization approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +loopy belief propogation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.39 0.07 +compound noun segmentation Linguistics 0.40 0.60 0.00 0.00 +cross-validation methodology TechTool 0.84 0.08 0.07 0.02 +anaphora generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +unsupervised relation extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +Mt TechTool 0.62 0.15 0.13 0.10 +model adaptation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +kl-one representation language TechTool 0.52 0.47 0.00 0.01 +combinatorial lexicology TechTool 0.54 0.22 0.22 0.02 +project-and-integrate learning TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +relational notation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +scope-ambiguity other 0.25 0.00 0.75 0.01 +web page Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.14 0.33 +psm adaptation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +frame instantiafion \ TechTool 0.51 0.49 0.00 0.00 +protein information resource other 0.02 0.06 0.90 0.02 +atn grammar TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +risk minimization principle TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.02 0.27 +tableaux system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +phrase identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unification morphology TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +planning dialogues TechTool 0.69 0.29 0.02 0.00 +sense resolution TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +japanese dependency Linguistics 0.12 0.74 0.06 0.08 +semantic lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.01 0.03 +crfs TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +real-time signal processing TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.01 +generative lexicalized statistical parsing model DSMMM 0.23 0.01 0.01 0.75 +text ellipsis other 0.35 0.06 0.59 0.00 +memory space other 0.02 0.00 0.52 0.46 +sentence compression TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.01 0.47 +multex TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +verb class disambiguation TechTool 0.56 0.43 0.01 0.00 +sentence processing mechanism TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +hpsg parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text grammar Linguistics 0.33 0.62 0.03 0.02 +segmenter\/tokenizer TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +hmm recognition system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tree-adjoining grammar TechTool 0.60 0.36 0.00 0.03 +generation lexicon TechTool 0.69 0.30 0.00 0.00 +rule construction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +supervised alignment combination TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +concept hierarchy DSMMM 0.05 0.30 0.02 0.62 +word lemmata Linguistics 0.01 0.85 0.10 0.05 +conventional sense TechTool 0.82 0.06 0.11 0.00 +sociolinguistics TechTool 0.66 0.13 0.12 0.10 +solution synthesis TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.00 +skeleton binarization TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.06 0.01 +tile similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.94 +english cs-case-parser TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +context assignment TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +sentence-structure analysis TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.01 0.09 +structuring TechTool 0.56 0.17 0.18 0.09 +kanji information dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.88 0.09 0.00 +synt-tag TechTool 0.66 0.32 0.02 0.00 +word-trigram recognition TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.00 0.09 +grammar coverage DSMMM 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.80 +minimal acyclic finite state automaton TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.17 0.00 +phone recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +structurally-induced aggregation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.21 0.02 +morpho-syntactic tagging TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.06 0.01 +genitive marker Linguistics 0.46 0.54 0.00 0.00 +bionlp TechTool 0.72 0.05 0.11 0.12 +k-medoids method TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +meeting context other 0.15 0.10 0.75 0.00 +lexically distributed grammar DSMMM 0.35 0.15 0.10 0.40 +data translation Linguistics 0.25 0.45 0.20 0.10 +information content induction other 0.47 0.00 0.53 0.00 +exact match DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.04 0.51 +lexical rule application TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +accuracy calculation DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +learned qualia other 0.42 0.00 0.55 0.04 +terminal substring parse Linguistics 0.25 0.63 0.03 0.10 +system training and development TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.34 0.00 +node projection DSMMM 0.15 0.01 0.04 0.80 +biomedical text Linguistics 0.00 0.59 0.41 0.00 +internet TechTool 0.59 0.14 0.12 0.14 +addressee identification TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +text-level anaphora other 0.30 0.28 0.42 0.01 +headcorner parsing TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.09 0.10 +exponential time DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.93 +human-annotated corpora Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.00 0.01 +context-free parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +prosodic phrasing other 0.33 0.00 0.65 0.03 +word recognition model DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.89 +constraint agent TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +semantic text processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +question answering applications TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.00 +word resolution TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.00 0.01 +document pre-processing TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.03 0.01 +linear interpolation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +emotion other 0.25 0.17 0.33 0.24 +document-level classification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +break prediction TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.36 +grammar engineering TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +tableaux TechTool 0.36 0.23 0.21 0.20 +ie evaluation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.06 0.07 +japanese-english translation task TechTool 0.62 0.03 0.33 0.02 +unlexicalized parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +image processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +frame evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.00 0.10 +numeric relaxation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +structural extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +discourse knowledge other 0.01 0.08 0.91 0.00 +wordnet domains Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +question answering research other 0.47 0.01 0.52 0.00 +authorship verification TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.01 +assignment procedure TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +multi-document summarization TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00 +word-sense disambiguating TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +preference resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +gold-standard dependency structure Linguistics 0.20 0.62 0.01 0.18 +tree-structured search TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.05 0.13 +information retrieval clusters DSMMM 0.41 0.05 0.04 0.49 +syntactic-semantic grammar TechTool 0.68 0.25 0.01 0.06 +keyword-based query expansion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +small vocabulary isolated word recognition TechTool 0.50 0.38 0.10 0.01 +syntactic patterns DSMMM 0.06 0.09 0.18 0.67 +semcor TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +semanticmarker TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +annotated treebank Linguistics 0.08 0.87 0.05 0.00 +treebank evaluation Linguistics 0.22 0.39 0.02 0.36 +corpus analysis Linguistics 0.42 0.57 0.00 0.00 +buffer Linguistics 0.27 0.47 0.16 0.10 +news recognizer Linguistics 0.32 0.66 0.02 0.00 +noun phrase extraction TechTool 0.66 0.30 0.00 0.03 +inference approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +prefix probability computation DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.94 +hybrid naive bayes TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +shallow parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sentence splitting TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.04 0.22 +topic segmentation TechTool 0.80 0.03 0.17 0.00 +user interface research TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +audio navigator TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.36 0.03 +corpus-based language learning TechTool 0.81 0.08 0.05 0.06 +generative morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.14 0.02 +foreign language tutor other 0.07 0.09 0.84 0.00 +multimodal categorial grammar TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.00 +proficiency estimation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +information infrastructure other 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.00 +translation selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +non-deterministic automata TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.19 0.01 +coordinated conjunction TechTool 0.65 0.34 0.01 0.00 +term specificity and similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.91 +prosodic feature extractor TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.06 +higher-level dialogue structure DSMMM 0.14 0.01 0.32 0.53 +word hit DSMMM 0.18 0.11 0.08 0.63 +segment spotting TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.22 0.02 +repair identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +existential quantification TechTool 0.65 0.34 0.00 0.00 +attachment principle TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +category-driven processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +delexicalisation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +abstract strncture other 0.29 0.24 0.42 0.05 +discourse marker usage Linguistics 0.23 0.69 0.07 0.00 +word formation rules TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.10 0.05 +corpus-based natural language processing method TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.00 0.01 +bfgs training TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.01 +word perplexity DSMMM 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.86 +defeasible reasoning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +number matching TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +chinese text processing TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +language resource utilization other 0.38 0.07 0.46 0.09 +lfg f-structure annotation TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.02 0.04 +deranged type detection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +semantic markers\/selection restriction TechTool 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.05 +maximum-likelihood probability DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.97 +inside-outside re-estimation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.00 0.03 +frame acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +data structures DSMMM 0.01 0.19 0.35 0.45 +bilingual corpora alignment Linguistics 0.37 0.62 0.00 0.01 +noun segmentation TechTool 0.55 0.45 0.00 0.00 +rhetorical relations other 0.00 0.11 0.87 0.02 +proportional voting TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +translation prototype TechTool 0.72 0.20 0.07 0.01 +dp algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +optimisation technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +situation semantics Linguistics 0.05 0.73 0.13 0.10 +peak detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +collocation probability DSMMM 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.73 +expert human translation Linguistics 0.38 0.59 0.03 0.00 +diphone synthesis TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +suboptimal n-best weight estimation TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.02 0.08 +constraint solving TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +recursive replacement TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +text analysis and generation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +ad-hoc retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +deductive-inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +keyword translation TechTool 0.83 0.13 0.03 0.01 +cohesive knowledge other 0.07 0.01 0.92 0.00 +wordclass information other 0.03 0.00 0.96 0.01 +human parsing system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +heterogeneousness other 0.10 0.18 0.42 0.30 +rhetorical structure theory Linguistics 0.04 0.63 0.31 0.02 +technology TechTool 0.71 0.06 0.15 0.07 +advice generation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +grammar generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +syntactic information other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.00 +knowitall TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +information state structure other 0.03 0.01 0.90 0.06 +uniform resource name Linguistics 0.12 0.85 0.01 0.02 +exponential model DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.79 +domain-specific vocabulary Linguistics 0.03 0.84 0.13 0.00 +sentence-extraction summarization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +probability value DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.97 +lexical expansion TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +biased sampling TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.02 0.15 +holder detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +referent identification TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.00 +corpus-level relation extraction TechTool 0.83 0.05 0.06 0.06 +why2-atlas TechTool 0.58 0.03 0.39 0.00 +automated theorem-provin ~ TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.00 +joint decoding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +class discovery TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +tagged corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +automatic question answering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +generator TechTool 0.60 0.17 0.13 0.09 +clustering method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +syntactic phrase generation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +chinese named entity recognition TechTool 0.69 0.26 0.03 0.01 +elr parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +latent dirichlet allocation DSMMM 0.28 0.04 0.05 0.62 +optimization method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +rule-based machine translation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +transfer component TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.02 +dl-em algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +target language string Linguistics 0.11 0.76 0.09 0.04 +phonetic query expansion TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.03 0.14 +discourse level other 0.00 0.02 0.86 0.12 +clinical e-science other 0.21 0.29 0.50 0.00 +feature analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +arabic-english named entity translation TechTool 0.61 0.36 0.02 0.00 +path growing TechTool 0.54 0.02 0.32 0.13 +one clustering TechTool 0.84 0.16 0.00 0.00 +bidirectional translation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.07 0.00 +free word order other 0.23 0.01 0.75 0.01 +token frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +inference system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +smoothing weight estimation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +bayes constituent combination TechTool 0.79 0.20 0.00 0.00 +probability transition matrix DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.93 +rule template TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +vietnamese word Linguistics 0.03 0.89 0.04 0.04 +subject extraction TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.05 0.00 +robot motion other 0.00 0.12 0.87 0.01 +tree classification TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +diagnostic evaluation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +description refinement TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.27 0.01 +grammatical knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.20 0.00 +unlabeled dependency parsing TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.00 0.13 +rim analysis TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.07 0.00 +content characterization other 0.07 0.02 0.88 0.03 +self-training TechTool 0.75 0.03 0.20 0.01 +automated score prediction TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.36 +example-based learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +tree bank Linguistics 0.02 0.52 0.00 0.47 +grammatical relations other 0.00 0.10 0.89 0.01 +lexical organization other 0.03 0.26 0.70 0.00 +fuzzy term matching TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +word generation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +non-verbal cue identification TechTool 0.59 0.06 0.34 0.00 +audio\/tactile access TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.23 0.15 +example-based mt TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +syntactic head other 0.00 0.33 0.56 0.10 +sequence classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +parameter search TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.05 0.08 +limiteddomain speech Linguistics 0.11 0.47 0.35 0.06 +log-linear training TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +winner-take-all mechanism TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.03 0.04 +synchronous multistack search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +qualitative user evaluation TechTool 0.62 0.01 0.15 0.22 +two-pass decoding TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +caseframe-based parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +broadcast news audio Linguistics 0.02 0.73 0.25 0.00 +dependency path DSMMM 0.13 0.02 0.04 0.82 +named entity extraction TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.01 +restriction rules TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.14 0.26 +computer security TechTool 0.60 0.21 0.16 0.03 +summariesa TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +nonlinear kernel pca TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +neighborhood density DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.98 +web-based computer-assisted academic writing TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.01 +location information other 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 +music understanding TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +sub-tree DSMMM 0.09 0.08 0.21 0.62 +zero topic assignment TechTool 0.80 0.14 0.06 0.01 +co-occurrence relation other 0.11 0.00 0.71 0.18 +parameterselection TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +decision-tree TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +translation equivalents other 0.03 0.40 0.52 0.06 +hypergeometric co-citation other 0.33 0.29 0.34 0.04 +genetic algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tempmrary storage other 0.32 0.06 0.53 0.09 +corrective training procedure TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +terminology extraction TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.01 +native from non-native language essay other 0.03 0.13 0.69 0.15 +transfer mappings TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.05 0.06 +successive learner TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +disambiguation processing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +caller id TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.19 0.01 +mar support and development other 0.44 0.00 0.55 0.00 +semantic distance measurement DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.16 0.81 +power law model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +language matching TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.22 +classi cation task TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +lcsr TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +keyboard input other 0.10 0.02 0.88 0.00 +unpacking approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +memory-based recollection TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.05 0.19 +empty nodes Linguistics 0.04 0.87 0.08 0.02 +norm TechTool 0.33 0.19 0.29 0.19 +final state other 0.02 0.02 0.92 0.04 +phonetic decoding TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.07 0.08 +word discovery TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.01 +unknown-word detection TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +relative frequency count DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.98 +one-dimensional error minimization TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.10 +linguists other 0.21 0.13 0.62 0.04 +phrase structure description Linguistics 0.31 0.46 0.03 0.20 +quantitative selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +noise deletion TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +substitutional similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.96 +classi er conversion TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +combined classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +intelligibility other 0.07 0.10 0.64 0.19 +situation calculus TechTool 0.68 0.03 0.28 0.00 +knowledgebases TechTool 0.42 0.35 0.12 0.11 +sound learning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +controlled language generation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +t-oricnted grammar model DSMMM 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.64 +implicit dates recognition TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +semantic role annotation TechTool 0.60 0.04 0.36 0.00 +si recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +word-sense discrimination TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.02 0.02 +left corner derivation other 0.08 0.00 0.90 0.03 +chart realization TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +lsa-based essay grading TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.03 0.07 +dependency model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +style classification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +animacy\/gender recognition TechTool 0.59 0.02 0.38 0.01 +synchronous parse tree TechTool 0.56 0.03 0.03 0.38 +October '91 dry-run test set Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.08 0.01 +collocation frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.80 +document representation strategy TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +random sele ction TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.01 0.00 +phrase mapping TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +pattern pruning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.01 0.27 +prior other 0.35 0.16 0.45 0.04 +language annotation TechTool 0.75 0.05 0.18 0.02 +arabic-english translation task other 0.45 0.01 0.53 0.00 +hierarchical framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +human language generation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.01 +general world knowledge other 0.02 0.01 0.98 0.00 +recogition TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +automatic semantic role labeling TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +time-series analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.01 +automata TechTool 0.45 0.20 0.33 0.02 +essay assessment system TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.02 +bunsetsu TechTool 0.43 0.26 0.19 0.12 +case selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +categorial type TechTool 0.83 0.05 0.11 0.01 +nomad TechTool 0.69 0.08 0.21 0.02 +semantic knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +word pair grammar Linguistics 0.30 0.57 0.01 0.13 +co parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +distance measurement DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.92 +statistical decoder TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word class discovery TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.03 0.01 +inflectional variation other 0.01 0.02 0.89 0.09 +text annotation TechTool 0.76 0.07 0.16 0.00 +continuous speech other 0.17 0.11 0.48 0.25 +stopword list Linguistics 0.02 0.79 0.18 0.00 +mit atis ( air travel information service ) system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +hological analysis TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +biological sequence alignment TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.10 0.00 +k-means style exchange TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.39 0.01 +lazy learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +inter-class inertia DSMMM 0.30 0.20 0.16 0.35 +sentence clustering TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.00 0.31 +english conversation corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.03 0.03 +rule-based machine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +asr transcript TechTool 0.58 0.02 0.39 0.02 +automatic text summarization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multi-level bootstrapping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +semantic class information other 0.02 0.01 0.94 0.02 +second-language instruction TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.03 0.01 +relation hierarchy DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.32 0.65 +verifiable theorem-proving TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +keyword association ratio DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.01 0.64 +generalized quantifier research TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.10 0.01 +search technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +boundary detection \ TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +wsj dataset Linguistics 0.05 0.83 0.02 0.09 +test collection Linguistics 0.02 0.93 0.01 0.04 +language recognizer TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +pos-based model DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.71 +penn treebank parsing TechTool 0.76 0.18 0.05 0.00 +log-linear model DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.60 +user interface toolkit TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +backoff translation TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.00 0.04 +language engine TechTool 0.51 0.04 0.23 0.22 +recall-based evaluation DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.75 +bootstrapping technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +representation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +lexical resource management TechTool 0.72 0.22 0.06 0.00 +armphora resolution Linguistics 0.21 0.44 0.21 0.14 +intelligent thresholding TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language model selection TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +translation equivalent selection TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +entropy markov model DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.93 +content-based indexing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +graphical model TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +ps rule formalism TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +temporal structure other 0.45 0.05 0.47 0.04 +biomedical literature Linguistics 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 +backward-presupposition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.02 +context-based parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +data conversion other 0.41 0.00 0.58 0.01 +pitch range assignment DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.23 0.67 +model interpolation TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +sentence-to-sentence alignment TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.00 0.20 +feature detector TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +anaphora tracking TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +constituent boundary pattern other 0.29 0.02 0.58 0.11 +binary adjacency matrix TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.05 0.14 +semantic classes Linguistics 0.00 0.84 0.13 0.02 +interclausal reordering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +time map model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +dialogue model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.95 +linguistic parser TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +automatic adaptation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bottom-up best-first probabilistic chart parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multimedia application TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +morphology-based disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +cognitive grammar Linguistics 0.42 0.51 0.02 0.05 +extra-sentential reference other 0.26 0.18 0.55 0.01 +loglinear TechTool 0.72 0.08 0.10 0.10 +hebrew np chunks Linguistics 0.02 0.95 0.01 0.03 +bilingual correspondence TechTool 0.50 0.13 0.34 0.03 +ontology-based approach TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +pronominal element other 0.09 0.32 0.59 0.00 +language production and understanding TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.02 +mainframe computer TechTool 0.54 0.30 0.12 0.04 +hierarchical lexica TechTool 0.66 0.19 0.10 0.06 +static separation other 0.26 0.00 0.50 0.24 +heuristic solution TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.03 +cfg compilation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +web-based bootstrapping TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +semantic type consistency other 0.07 0.00 0.58 0.35 +constraint solver TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +paraphrase classification TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.01 0.04 +semantic orientation extraction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +parsing strategy TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +interactive processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +syntactic error correction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +features extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +named-entity detection TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +semantic equivalence determination TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.12 0.18 +graph rescoring TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.01 0.40 +overlapping clustering algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phonotactic distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.83 +arabic-english translation TechTool 0.75 0.23 0.02 0.00 +laplacian eigenmaps embedding TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.04 0.15 +dialogue modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +document plan TechTool 0.49 0.01 0.40 0.09 +first-pass matching TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +monolingual bootstrapping algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +object-oriented programming TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.15 0.02 +n-best beam search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.06 0.05 +penman TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.24 0.02 +benchmark system TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +two-stage modeling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +hidden markov modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +name entity Linguistics 0.02 0.65 0.06 0.27 +sitspec TechTool 0.59 0.09 0.20 0.12 +entity types Linguistics 0.00 0.72 0.23 0.05 +metaphorization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +svm ranking TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +llsf mapping TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.30 0.02 +team scoplng TechTool 0.73 0.19 0.07 0.00 +associative retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +synchronous context-free grammars TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +correspondence estimation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +convex optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +intersentential anaphor resolution TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +parsing technologies TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +constituent pruning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.07 +classifying tools TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +hmm-based model DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +affix Linguistics 0.22 0.44 0.29 0.06 +nested noun Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.00 0.02 +partial instantiation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.07 +acoustic recognition TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.06 0.10 +summary generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +sign model DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.85 +online question answering TechTool 0.48 0.07 0.45 0.00 +interpretation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +dialogue state other 0.02 0.02 0.84 0.12 +ss unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +good-turing smoothing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +extraction application TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +conjoined noun phrase Linguistics 0.13 0.84 0.00 0.03 +collaborative planning model TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +estimation-maximization algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +instance pruning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +two-step generation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +automated parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +rs tree DSMMM 0.16 0.03 0.08 0.73 +text compression TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.02 +self-contained transliteration model DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.11 0.76 +semantic rules TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.22 0.08 +fuzzy set other 0.13 0.08 0.48 0.31 +automatic optimization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +registered sentence retrieval TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.29 +semantic tags other 0.27 0.25 0.46 0.02 +inactive chart TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.00 +negation operator TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +iterative segmentation\/estimation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tree-based alignment TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.25 +markov decision process TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.00 +compound noun indexing TechTool 0.58 0.41 0.00 0.01 +document browsing TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.07 0.01 +sense disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +interactive machine translation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +a constraint-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +ne extractor TechTool 0.46 0.32 0.00 0.22 +adaptation TechTool 0.55 0.29 0.12 0.04 +english sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.02 0.04 +grapheme-based syllabification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +speaker-independent continuous spelling task other 0.38 0.00 0.61 0.00 +named-entity labeling TechTool 0.67 0.32 0.01 0.00 +microchip fabrication Linguistics 0.28 0.43 0.20 0.10 +between-language variation DSMMM 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.87 +concordance tool TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.08 0.00 +contrastive stress TechTool 0.34 0.30 0.32 0.05 +semantic inference approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +class tagging TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.03 0.01 +input mismatch other 0.40 0.00 0.60 0.01 +n-best alternative transcription TechTool 0.84 0.07 0.09 0.01 +statistical learning theory TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.30 0.00 +transliteration model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +left-coruer bottom-up parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +rhetorical structure Linguistics 0.03 0.75 0.11 0.11 +eager unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +iterative development TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word\/non-word disambiguation TechTool 0.62 0.11 0.21 0.06 +wordclass tagger combination TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +statistical technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic scattering DSMMM 0.39 0.04 0.12 0.45 +j-e translation other 0.41 0.06 0.53 0.00 +n-gram segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.03 0.05 +binding other 0.10 0.16 0.42 0.32 +ovis grammar TechTool 0.50 0.39 0.01 0.10 +natural language interpretation TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.19 0.00 +knowledge representation scheme TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +signal-processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +database algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +accessing data TechTool 0.78 0.05 0.11 0.05 +lexical feature TechTool 0.48 0.17 0.34 0.00 +knowledge management system TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.01 0.00 +word dependency Linguistics 0.04 0.46 0.05 0.44 +probabilistic lexicon Linguistics 0.06 0.91 0.00 0.03 +left-corner parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +sentence comprehension and production TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.16 0.07 +structural alignment TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +active learning TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +morphological analysis software TechTool 0.85 0.03 0.11 0.00 +knn TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +maximum weighted bipartite matching TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +dynamic programming string-alignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +class determination TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +pairedness TechTool 0.62 0.11 0.14 0.13 +sentence reduction TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.03 0.43 +object-oriented implementation TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.22 0.02 +distributed grammar TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.17 0.15 +typographical errors other 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.01 +information gathering other 0.39 0.00 0.61 0.01 +da modeling TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +template construction\/instantiation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +rhetorical rdation TechTool 0.52 0.21 0.13 0.13 +smart search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +evaluation task other 0.14 0.00 0.52 0.34 +chart walk TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.01 +finite-state pattern-matching TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +non-contrastive negation other 0.32 0.06 0.61 0.01 +decision tree induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +tile derivation tree other 0.21 0.00 0.60 0.19 +well-formed sentence other 0.19 0.27 0.48 0.05 +non-parametric kernel TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +unrestricted text Linguistics 0.19 0.65 0.16 0.00 +partial grammar acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +horn logic program TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +automatical parameter selection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +generative probability model DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +collaborative learning environment other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +source interval projection TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.11 0.20 +dictionary construction system TechTool 0.90 0.09 0.00 0.01 +attentional focus other 0.00 0.01 0.81 0.18 +probability interpolation DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +phrase linking grammars TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.00 0.08 +feature-based test TechTool 0.74 0.04 0.00 0.22 +feature structures TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.11 0.22 +euroword-net top ontology TechTool 0.73 0.08 0.04 0.15 +document-level evaluation TechTool 0.62 0.01 0.07 0.30 +on-line documentation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.05 +extraction system architec TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +constrained summarization TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.01 +blind deconvolution TechTool 0.83 0.03 0.10 0.03 +multilingual information processing TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +thinking machines TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +verb string Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.05 0.01 +answer mining TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.14 0.12 +noun compound anmysis Linguistics 0.21 0.77 0.00 0.01 +stylistic information other 0.01 0.01 0.96 0.02 +language model performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +subject-verb disagreement Linguistics 0.01 0.59 0.40 0.00 +sl segmentation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +distributive reading TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.18 0.02 +cart-style decision tree TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.03 +speaker ' intention other 0.01 0.04 0.94 0.01 +hobbs referent-ordering TechTool 0.83 0.09 0.07 0.00 +dg-based evaluation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.21 +whole word morphology Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.03 0.06 +clustering TechTool 0.51 0.20 0.14 0.15 +worst-case complexity analysis TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.05 +language-dependent knowledge other 0.22 0.03 0.71 0.03 +automatic recognizer TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +candc tagger TechTool 0.57 0.12 0.27 0.04 +text-generation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +recognition memory TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.02 +elman network DSMMM 0.42 0.01 0.01 0.56 +answering functionality other 0.31 0.09 0.55 0.04 +qualitative spatial constraints other 0.16 0.00 0.83 0.00 +metrical phonology Linguistics 0.05 0.78 0.05 0.13 +n-best paradigm other 0.27 0.34 0.37 0.02 +dialogue game board Linguistics 0.02 0.67 0.22 0.09 +earley state other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +text classi cation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +domain interpretation TechTool 0.67 0.03 0.27 0.02 +structure pattern DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.13 0.47 +predictive question other 0.45 0.00 0.53 0.02 +back-propagation learning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.12 +text parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +char Linguistics 0.21 0.57 0.16 0.06 +essay assessor other 0.20 0.33 0.45 0.02 +context group discrimination TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.00 +earley algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +tree-rewriting system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +human-like learning TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +original document Linguistics 0.03 0.82 0.15 0.01 +structural search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +meta-linguistic processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +structural weighting TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +manual translation TechTool 0.87 0.06 0.07 0.00 +classifier-based parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +stochastic process TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +tile grammar TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.02 0.07 +representative text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.06 0.00 +character processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.02 +algorithm TechTool 0.56 0.23 0.11 0.10 +subject-based similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.88 +spontaneous scheduling task other 0.32 0.00 0.68 0.00 +turkish language modeling TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.01 0.01 +intra-ontological similarity DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.93 +sphinx-ii TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.23 0.07 +web browser TechTool 0.40 0.31 0.23 0.06 +detection rate TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +model learning environment TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.20 0.02 +mh parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +semantic relation extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +constrained optimization TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.02 +speech input other 0.01 0.21 0.78 0.00 +automatic parse-based evaluation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +clustermg TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +communicative act other 0.05 0.04 0.91 0.00 +korean language processing TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +cg generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +ranking learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +dn detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +semantic research other 0.27 0.03 0.70 0.00 +magnitude estimation technique TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +statistical left-corner parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +cognate identification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +ir engine TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +japanese dependency structure Linguistics 0.05 0.72 0.01 0.22 +semantic feature tagging TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +nlp analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +word-to-word alignment TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.00 0.07 +redundancy removal TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.34 0.02 +nl analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +q learning TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +gold standard test Linguistics 0.06 0.79 0.00 0.15 +query-focused single document summarization TechTool 0.62 0.37 0.02 0.00 +surface-level analysis TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.17 0.11 +processing paradigm TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +clarification dialogue TechTool 0.49 0.10 0.40 0.00 +frame representation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.01 0.06 +confidence value calculation DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.75 +model optimization TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +knowledge acquisition method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +lightly-supervised text classification TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +language disambiguation problem other 0.29 0.00 0.71 0.00 +probabilistic chart parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +linguistic phenomena other 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.00 +machinc learning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +pattern notation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.06 0.15 +natural-language parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +paraphrase generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +fact retrieval TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.28 +character encoding TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.12 0.14 +information-technology TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +term frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.98 +synonym resolution TechTool 0.81 0.19 0.00 0.00 +headcomplement TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +interactive visual\/auditory annotation TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.00 +computing machinery TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +all-words sense disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.00 +confidence DSMMM 0.17 0.14 0.26 0.43 +abduction framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +analysis grammar TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.03 +induction learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +noun phrase parsing TechTool 0.81 0.13 0.00 0.06 +web information extraction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +ml estimation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +network configuration DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.01 0.66 +argument-final position other 0.01 0.33 0.62 0.03 +tree formatting DSMMM 0.32 0.02 0.09 0.57 +error repairing TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.21 0.17 +history analysis TechTool 0.56 0.05 0.37 0.02 +homographic noun class agreement Linguistics 0.01 0.66 0.02 0.32 +IBM statistical MT system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +process other 0.12 0.09 0.67 0.11 +local model parameter DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.01 0.68 +phrase smwture grammar TechTool 0.39 0.34 0.00 0.26 +beam-search pruning TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +destructive unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +clause formation TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.13 0.00 +voting system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +translation rules TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.28 0.07 +llp2 parser TechTool 0.67 0.21 0.09 0.04 +unsupervised language acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +number-person agreement DSMMM 0.11 0.09 0.29 0.51 +pragmatic knowledge other 0.14 0.01 0.85 0.00 +class-based grammar lexicalization TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.09 0.04 +paragraph clustering TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.01 0.19 +lexical hierarchy Linguistics 0.01 0.75 0.22 0.03 +letter matching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +semi-automatic lemmatization TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +pairwise clustering TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +name-matching TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +wordnet verb classes Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +japanese sentences Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +end-of-sentence detection TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.20 +french corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +robot TechTool 0.42 0.12 0.35 0.10 +gr assignment TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +relative word order other 0.02 0.14 0.80 0.03 +automatic closed caption alignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +non-contiguous phrase Linguistics 0.15 0.72 0.06 0.07 +advertisement management TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.00 +statistical natural language generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +nonlinear morphology TechTool 0.44 0.40 0.12 0.03 +chart parsing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +Wall Street Journal treebank Linguistics 0.02 0.95 0.01 0.03 +parslng sy-stem Linguistics 0.38 0.59 0.02 0.01 +large german newspaper corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 +idiomatic text word Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.04 0.01 +sentence reduction problem other 0.10 0.00 0.83 0.07 +semantic constraint projection TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.07 0.41 +lfg annotation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +adaptive string similarity DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.02 0.82 +np definiteness Linguistics 0.02 0.57 0.17 0.25 +quantificational force DSMMM 0.03 0.02 0.17 0.78 +lexical unit Linguistics 0.04 0.60 0.35 0.00 +tie-up relationship TechTool 0.51 0.03 0.27 0.19 +fkr-o knowledge representation other 0.38 0.01 0.58 0.03 +multimedia technology TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +domain-specific terminology Linguistics 0.23 0.53 0.24 0.00 +company name recognition TechTool 0.66 0.33 0.01 0.00 +segment duration DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.37 0.60 +syntax-based alignment TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.03 +sentence voice DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.37 0.60 +prediction technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +tree schema TechTool 0.51 0.01 0.00 0.48 +grammar generation and evaluation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +uncertainty correlation coefficient DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.11 0.87 +weighted determinization TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +automatic speech recognizer TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +linguistic correctness DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.45 0.54 +wordnet verb synsets Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +coreference annotation and resolution TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +orthographic structure TechTool 0.37 0.25 0.14 0.24 +lexicalism TechTool 0.51 0.29 0.12 0.08 +multi-document summarization task TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +hebrew corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +hmm tagger TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +open source software TechTool 0.69 0.22 0.09 0.00 +web graph DSMMM 0.01 0.16 0.02 0.80 +knowledge-intensive approach TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +systematic polysemy other 0.02 0.02 0.94 0.02 +semantic information other 0.02 0.00 0.96 0.01 +np coordination Linguistics 0.12 0.75 0.12 0.00 +non-disambiguated alignment TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.28 0.02 +text modification TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.00 +context model DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.88 +semantical classification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +quasi-newton optimisation TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.02 +multinomial distribution method DSMMM 0.29 0.01 0.00 0.70 +title generation TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.05 0.00 +structural model complexity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.94 +negative feedback other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.01 +md error correction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.07 0.10 +coreference annotation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +unsupervised wsd system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cantonese speech synthesis TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.31 0.01 +sinhala grapheme-to-phoneme conversion TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.03 +data set other 0.00 0.29 0.57 0.15 +probability parameter estimation DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +branching trees DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.93 +likelihood-based clustering TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.32 +reconstruction engine TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.02 +event tracking TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +sister-head model DSMMM 0.20 0.04 0.01 0.74 +neural network generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +context-free chart-parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +first hit TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.05 0.04 +classifier-based generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +dictionary learning TechTool 0.68 0.31 0.01 0.00 +atis TechTool 0.64 0.10 0.14 0.11 +lexical prefereuce other 0.39 0.06 0.46 0.10 +multimodal understanding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +mmlsd estimator TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.21 0.13 +full-text machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +hmm csr TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +version maintenance and retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +cooper storage TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +hyponyms Linguistics 0.11 0.54 0.26 0.08 +technical writing other 0.14 0.03 0.83 0.00 +bracket predictor DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.35 0.48 +hyponymy other 0.26 0.26 0.31 0.18 +fail-soft analysis TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.14 +skolem function TechTool 0.42 0.20 0.30 0.08 +translatiun system TechTool 0.52 0.20 0.20 0.08 +analogical matching TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +address-believability TechTool 0.61 0.05 0.27 0.07 +contrastive estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +structure natural language datum TechTool 0.65 0.11 0.23 0.02 +verb arguments Linguistics 0.00 0.68 0.32 0.00 +cky parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +compound preposition Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +large database TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +organization names Linguistics 0.00 0.86 0.09 0.05 +widrow-hoff algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +language learning TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +tile concept hierarchy DSMMM 0.26 0.13 0.10 0.51 +compression corpus Linguistics 0.11 0.70 0.00 0.19 +iterative alignment TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +probability reweighting DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.95 +conditional likelihood DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +symbols Linguistics 0.24 0.39 0.25 0.12 +general structure learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +discrete optimization problem TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +extraction systems TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pronoun Linguistics 0.17 0.61 0.17 0.06 +frame TechTool 0.33 0.17 0.29 0.21 +pharmaceutical news archive Linguistics 0.06 0.86 0.07 0.00 +cubic parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +input analysis TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.00 +constraint resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +garden-pathing TechTool 0.80 0.09 0.02 0.10 +relation selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +translation detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +discriminative re-ranking TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +iterative clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +conexor functional dependency parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +lattice rescoring TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.22 +syntactic parse tree DSMMM 0.07 0.15 0.05 0.73 +internet search TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.13 +switchboard dialogue Linguistics 0.01 0.53 0.45 0.00 +alphabet-to-korean alphabet conversion TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.03 0.02 +alias recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +implicit confirmation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.46 0.00 +finite complementizer TechTool 0.59 0.37 0.04 0.00 +tag restriction TechTool 0.66 0.24 0.03 0.07 +lob corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +natural lan ~ age analysis TechTool 0.83 0.11 0.06 0.00 +definite noun Linguistics 0.17 0.83 0.00 0.00 +comparable document Linguistics 0.26 0.50 0.24 0.00 +thai character other 0.13 0.23 0.63 0.01 +dialogue initiative TechTool 0.66 0.18 0.08 0.09 +geographical reasoning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +addressee classification TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.01 +re-ranking performance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.98 +word-spotting TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.01 0.04 +tag matching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +asian language text Linguistics 0.02 0.69 0.28 0.00 +mandarin speech recognition TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.08 0.01 +information exchange other 0.11 0.00 0.87 0.02 +event category Linguistics 0.05 0.66 0.24 0.05 +message passing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.07 0.06 +analogical modelling algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +constraint violation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.05 0.05 +glr context-free parsing algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +query training TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.01 0.10 +statistical learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +extensible multimodal annotation TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.00 +parse datum TechTool 0.37 0.30 0.19 0.14 +coherence other 0.19 0.13 0.61 0.07 +prolog definite clause grammar TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.02 0.00 +finite state network TechTool 0.72 0.02 0.24 0.02 +stochastic grammar induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +text type other 0.14 0.14 0.72 0.01 +coherence checking TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +frame structure Linguistics 0.34 0.59 0.02 0.04 +dependency structures DSMMM 0.05 0.22 0.08 0.65 +discourse act other 0.01 0.28 0.70 0.00 +parse reranking problem other 0.09 0.00 0.91 0.01 +boundary disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +document linkage DSMMM 0.30 0.05 0.28 0.37 +ccg generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +thematic roles Linguistics 0.00 0.74 0.26 0.00 +semantic consistency DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.25 0.62 +spoken language systems TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +identity uncertainty other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.01 +multi-language named-entity recognition TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.04 0.00 +knowledge management support TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +speech recognition hypothesis ( srh ) TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.07 0.03 +unsupervised grammar induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical query language Linguistics 0.05 0.65 0.30 0.01 +grammar development system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +empty category recovery TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.10 0.00 +semantic taxonomy Linguistics 0.02 0.65 0.06 0.27 +lexicalized content description other 0.08 0.30 0.59 0.02 +target string Linguistics 0.14 0.81 0.03 0.01 +patterns DSMMM 0.10 0.14 0.11 0.65 +euclidean space DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.18 0.80 +concurrency of computation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.06 0.05 +mallet system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +planning algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +airtravelinformationservice TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +supersort TechTool 0.59 0.10 0.24 0.07 +linguistic phenomenon other 0.00 0.27 0.69 0.04 +predictive performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +concept search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +grammar rules TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.03 0.09 +hyponym acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +web TechTool 0.61 0.09 0.16 0.15 +term selection and weighting TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +mt system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +entailment detection TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +word relatedness DSMMM 0.02 0.15 0.04 0.79 +discussion summarization TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +single-sentence analysis TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +partsof-speech other 0.13 0.31 0.40 0.16 +classi er TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.23 0.00 +evaluation metrics DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.96 +target language text Linguistics 0.01 0.78 0.20 0.00 +candidate ranking DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.02 0.51 +language genenttion and authoring other 0.49 0.00 0.50 0.01 +document manager TechTool 0.75 0.15 0.10 0.00 +topic parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +mwe detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +morphological synthesis TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +probabilistic parameter reestimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +language science Linguistics 0.03 0.84 0.05 0.08 +direct orthography mapping other 0.42 0.00 0.58 0.00 +tree structured stacks DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.33 0.65 +negra corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +statistical techniques TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +language model quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +generation grammar TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +xml terminology other 0.31 0.23 0.46 0.00 +pronoun resolution classifler TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +kyotodaigaku text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +recognition TechTool 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.07 +lsa-based clustering TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +answering agent TechTool 0.60 0.39 0.00 0.00 +metarules other 0.20 0.29 0.37 0.14 +selection rule TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +mixture weight estimation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +role identification and classification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +biology TechTool 0.35 0.25 0.18 0.22 +context-free formalism TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +arabic corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +search server TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +sentences composition DSMMM 0.00 0.34 0.01 0.65 +cross-language phoneme distance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.35 0.64 +adverb Linguistics 0.20 0.44 0.30 0.07 +part-of-speech prediction TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.01 0.02 +log-probability maximization TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.21 +relational hyperlinking TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.08 +heuristic rules TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +constraint grammars TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +language model retrieval TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +isomorphic grammar method TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.03 +multivariate analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +japanese named entity extraction TechTool 0.84 0.15 0.00 0.01 +modelin g Linguistics 0.30 0.69 0.01 0.00 +keyword-based concept detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +greedy merger TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.01 +automatic pronunciation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +audio browsing TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.12 0.03 +word separation DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.41 0.42 +ranking function DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.05 0.74 +resource-light broadcoverage mt TechTool 0.65 0.26 0.04 0.05 +danish dependency treebank Linguistics 0.05 0.92 0.00 0.02 +abduction-based natural language understanding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +hiyan aishawi processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +loopback mechanism other 0.30 0.13 0.45 0.11 +voted perceptron TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sense distinction other 0.21 0.00 0.78 0.00 +semantic cooccurrence TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.03 0.34 +treten TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +identifier handling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +bigram Linguistics 0.14 0.42 0.37 0.08 +complex feature structure TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.05 0.03 +topological space DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.20 0.78 +modality identification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +mdl principle TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.37 +tutorial dialogue system TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.05 0.00 +management mechanism TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linear discriminant analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic rule-learuing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +verbal communication other 0.03 0.03 0.94 0.00 +set-valued indeterminacy other 0.08 0.06 0.68 0.18 +dutch language technology Linguistics 0.39 0.54 0.07 0.00 +text-to-text retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.01 +syntactic corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +frame matching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +chunk information other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.01 +transliteration candidate TechTool 0.75 0.04 0.13 0.08 +head-argument-relation TechTool 0.50 0.07 0.39 0.04 +lmr tagging TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.00 +task performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.81 +parser transferring TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +named entity prediction TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.02 0.08 +discriminative hmms TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +gmm parameter TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.29 0.26 +tree subtraction DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.01 0.58 +supervised adaption TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.00 +database search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +entropy other 0.10 0.18 0.45 0.26 +presupposition projection TechTool 0.53 0.12 0.13 0.22 +phrase-based unigram model DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.93 +artificial language Linguistics 0.07 0.90 0.01 0.03 +cosubordination-based disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +parser generator TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +summarizer TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.05 0.08 +high-performance web-mining TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.32 +text planning module TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +linguistic introspection TechTool 0.50 0.27 0.21 0.02 +database management TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +large test data Linguistics 0.07 0.90 0.02 0.01 +noun resolution Linguistics 0.44 0.56 0.00 0.00 +monologue Linguistics 0.20 0.43 0.29 0.07 +fusion operation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +language induction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +quantitative evaluation TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.07 0.31 +information space other 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.11 +dialogue act classifier TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +frame definition and annotation TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.14 0.02 +anaphoric expression choice TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.36 0.03 +weight learning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +verb classes Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.06 0.00 +selective alignment TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +internet archive Linguistics 0.06 0.58 0.30 0.05 +weighted-majority learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +easy parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +unsupervised lexical category acquisition TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +ill huge learning corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.10 0.00 +database management system TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +semantic memory TechTool 0.42 0.00 0.40 0.19 +word-counting TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +article generation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +loss function DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.96 +dependency graph DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.87 +approximate parsing TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +regression algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +objective selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +idiomatic usage Linguistics 0.13 0.81 0.04 0.01 +phrase structure rule TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.02 0.11 +segmental duration DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.21 0.72 +property instance extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +functional grammars TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +software module TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +concurrent , object-oriented natural language parse TechTool 0.82 0.12 0.05 0.01 +boundary friction TechTool 0.70 0.04 0.26 0.00 +qarla evaluation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.03 0.39 +blind testing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +blocking TechTool 0.52 0.08 0.35 0.05 +root node other 0.05 0.36 0.40 0.20 +paxt-of-speech tagging TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.00 0.01 +image analysis and recognition TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +maptask corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.02 +unsupervised algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tree transformation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.04 0.17 +contingent substitutability DSMMM 0.02 0.11 0.38 0.50 +sequential finite state device TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +retrieval system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +kos framework TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.03 0.00 +document content and structure other 0.13 0.08 0.70 0.10 +lexicology TechTool 0.35 0.24 0.21 0.20 +lexical co-occurrence information other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.01 +answer interpretation DSMMM 0.29 0.02 0.27 0.42 +duden grammar TechTool 0.72 0.21 0.01 0.06 +learning-based coreference system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +verb identification TechTool 0.84 0.15 0.01 0.00 +credit card corpus Linguistics 0.08 0.82 0.00 0.11 +sense enumeration TechTool 0.75 0.13 0.12 0.01 +post-translation expansion TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.19 0.06 +multilingual cluster summarization TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.02 0.00 +prepositional subcategorization Linguistics 0.35 0.65 0.00 0.00 +automatic paraphrase generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +multilingual text-to-speech system TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 +word class information other 0.01 0.14 0.80 0.05 +word-based correction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +first order logic TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +closed caption alignment TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.02 +surface analysis TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.29 0.02 +plan processor TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +score propagation DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.61 +personal information database other 0.12 0.05 0.83 0.00 +noise compensation DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.23 0.70 +rule-based mapping TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +discourse context other 0.03 0.24 0.73 0.00 +natural language sentence Linguistics 0.16 0.71 0.11 0.01 +english basenp chunking TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.01 0.00 +markov random fields Linguistics 0.23 0.55 0.10 0.12 +questions answering other 0.01 0.42 0.56 0.01 +grammatical knowledge other 0.01 0.18 0.80 0.00 +large training corpora Linguistics 0.19 0.81 0.00 0.00 +right node raising other 0.14 0.00 0.71 0.15 +mce criterion training TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.10 0.04 +dependency relations other 0.00 0.01 0.86 0.13 +text processing software TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +visual-haptic interface TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +discourse organization other 0.04 0.23 0.68 0.05 +resource management speech database TechTool 0.59 0.40 0.01 0.00 +heuristic rule TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.04 +arabic document categorization TechTool 0.72 0.26 0.02 0.00 +stringent chaining TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.12 0.06 +global transliteration modeling TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +spontaneous input other 0.01 0.15 0.84 0.00 +unsupervised speech mining TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +probabilistic recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +document expansion TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +sitg parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +semantic relation other 0.08 0.00 0.83 0.09 +role labelling TechTool 0.59 0.10 0.31 0.00 +bell number other 0.03 0.00 0.94 0.02 +alignment probability DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.92 +sense merging TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +dynamic programrrdng TechTool 0.57 0.22 0.12 0.10 +verb mapping other 0.42 0.09 0.49 0.00 +augmented relational structure TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.00 0.09 +semantic interpretation accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +statistical translation TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.00 +verb stem Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.08 0.00 +isomorphic grammar TechTool 0.56 0.35 0.03 0.06 +type derived-word other 0.16 0.03 0.79 0.02 +relation-driven skimming TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.02 +first-order reasoning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +monolingual text generation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +alignment learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tag sequence probability DSMMM 0.05 0.39 0.16 0.41 +annotation effort other 0.26 0.00 0.72 0.02 +lvq algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +term-based retrieval TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +sentence decomposition TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.02 0.47 +nugget-based assessment TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.02 0.31 +lanfuaoe understandinf TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +focus marking other 0.00 0.02 0.95 0.03 +homonym Linguistics 0.17 0.58 0.18 0.07 +statistical speech recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +group-rating matrix TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.11 0.07 +discourse situation other 0.01 0.30 0.69 0.00 +reading tracking TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +index parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +limited-domain speech TechTool 0.60 0.07 0.32 0.01 +sentence boundary determination TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +tactical generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +logic notation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +smoothing-by-similarity DSMMM 0.31 0.01 0.00 0.67 +log-linear ( maximum-entropy ) models TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +automatic answer selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +approximate reasoning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +conscientiousness other 0.09 0.18 0.43 0.31 +two-level tree TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.08 0.16 +automata construction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +transformational grammar recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +chinese constituent parsing TechTool 0.87 0.06 0.02 0.05 +universal language Linguistics 0.10 0.84 0.01 0.05 +subjectverb agreement DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.26 0.71 +relation markup TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.01 +unix computer TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.05 0.00 +chinese proposition bank Linguistics 0.01 0.86 0.02 0.10 +rule-learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +word-based indexing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +batch selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +constraint information other 0.14 0.00 0.85 0.01 +word-collocation-based relaxation TechTool 0.78 0.03 0.01 0.19 +knowledge engineering task other 0.26 0.00 0.74 0.00 +n-gram indexing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +intonation contour DSMMM 0.23 0.08 0.17 0.52 +pv treatment TechTool 0.64 0.10 0.26 0.00 +te task other 0.14 0.00 0.86 0.00 +morphotactic information other 0.06 0.01 0.92 0.01 +isomorphic derivation other 0.36 0.02 0.62 0.00 +theorem proving TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +information quantity other 0.01 0.00 0.61 0.38 +story-based adaptation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +bayes system TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +human language performance DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.87 +random access TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.00 0.04 +morphological inflection other 0.14 0.13 0.73 0.00 +ml training TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +temporal segmentation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +fast argument recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +answerextraction TechTool 0.75 0.08 0.09 0.09 +data-driven production TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +semantic information processing TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.00 +post-parsing text segmentation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +spelling correction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +rule-based classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syntax-based statistical machine translation ( Mt ) TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +combinatorial optimisation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +abstract derivation tree other 0.03 0.03 0.71 0.23 +concept expansion TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +markov kmguage model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +class-based modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +alignment template model TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +unsupervised system adaptation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +term-by-term translation Linguistics 0.27 0.43 0.00 0.30 +non-numeric processing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.09 0.03 +informative discourse other 0.02 0.15 0.83 0.00 +extraction program TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialogue produclion TechTool 0.44 0.10 0.27 0.19 +speech-to-text TechTool 0.71 0.27 0.02 0.01 +committee-based sampling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +system developer TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +quantitative expansion method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +metaphor detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +screen switching other 0.36 0.00 0.59 0.05 +data-driven dependency parsing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +accurate semantic role labeling TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.42 0.01 +cross-lingual ambiguity other 0.34 0.00 0.58 0.08 +semantic web annotation TechTool 0.61 0.18 0.16 0.05 +recurent conectionist network DSMMM 0.39 0.01 0.01 0.59 +character-based alignment TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +dialog-act recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +cue phrase selection TechTool 0.90 0.09 0.00 0.01 +statistical ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +dialog move generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +morphology shape rule other 0.39 0.01 0.52 0.08 +case structure DSMMM 0.21 0.03 0.17 0.59 +semantic acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sentence-based keyboard input TechTool 0.45 0.01 0.41 0.13 +discrimination procedure TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +pattern specification language TechTool 0.59 0.02 0.14 0.25 +declarative\/imperative parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +span edge DSMMM 0.25 0.01 0.06 0.68 +lfg-parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +truncated em TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.07 0.09 +core module TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.00 +joint intention theory other 0.02 0.18 0.78 0.02 +exact match accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.99 +polar tree DSMMM 0.07 0.10 0.01 0.82 +observation system TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.09 0.04 +caller identification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +1-best training TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.08 0.02 +citation processor TechTool 0.75 0.21 0.02 0.02 +declarative rule TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +nonlinear principal component extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +bottom-up chart generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +language thesaurus Linguistics 0.02 0.91 0.02 0.04 +conrinuous speech recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +english-chinese language pair Linguistics 0.29 0.53 0.04 0.13 +good-turing method TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +word-translation lexicon Linguistics 0.06 0.86 0.01 0.07 +sentence summarisation TechTool 0.70 0.20 0.04 0.06 +rule interference TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +morphological relatedness other 0.13 0.07 0.76 0.03 +pattern matehing TechTool 0.63 0.08 0.17 0.12 +customized summarization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +english framenet Linguistics 0.09 0.85 0.06 0.00 +maximum likelihood approach TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +event modifier Linguistics 0.01 0.88 0.03 0.09 +structural disambiguation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +interpretation and generation of natural language TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +listener model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +arabic processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +word categorization process TechTool 0.50 0.02 0.46 0.02 +n-best reranking TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.04 0.02 +www browser other 0.45 0.01 0.54 0.00 +random sampling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +boost approach TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +tile translation system TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +multilingual information retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +mass noun Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.00 0.17 +general chinese language processing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +average precision metric DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +focus\/background determination other 0.25 0.00 0.73 0.01 +document context other 0.10 0.19 0.71 0.01 +translatiun TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +hmm method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +semantic node DSMMM 0.09 0.05 0.14 0.71 +n-best phrase alignment TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.02 0.03 +discourse state other 0.01 0.08 0.89 0.02 +hmm-based algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +adaptive dynamic programming TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +rule filtering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +transformational generative grammar TechTool 0.51 0.44 0.01 0.04 +indirect anaphora TechTool 0.52 0.08 0.40 0.00 +logon Mt demonstrator TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.15 0.02 +perplexity reduction DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +bracket alignment TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.03 0.23 +canonical center retention TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.32 0.05 +expressional type other 0.20 0.18 0.56 0.06 +rewriting environment TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +named-entity recognition system TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.00 0.00 +history-based model DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.93 +entropy parameter DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +rule-based tagger TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +pitch contour DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.85 +entity clustering TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.24 +tile context other 0.30 0.01 0.68 0.01 +boundary classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +discriminative learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sense resolution \ TechTool 0.84 0.16 0.00 0.00 +latinate morphology Linguistics 0.02 0.79 0.19 0.01 +paraphrase identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +lexical substitution task TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +synchrony networks TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.03 0.46 +co-occurrence mining TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.02 +noun chunk Linguistics 0.09 0.83 0.00 0.08 +role classification TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.00 +conceptual physics tutoringsystem TechTool 0.47 0.40 0.03 0.10 +headless clustering TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.00 0.03 +intra-partition node similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.95 +knolwledge TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +spectral subtraction TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.02 0.22 +theoretic measure DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.96 +phoneme\/feature classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +derivation move other 0.15 0.00 0.84 0.01 +domain-specific pattern TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.23 0.02 +probabilistic measure DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.94 +pos pattern TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.13 0.27 +query context vector TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.02 0.18 +data production TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.02 +temporal intensionality TechTool 0.61 0.02 0.36 0.00 +dialogue behavior other 0.00 0.00 0.88 0.11 +substitution TechTool 0.56 0.09 0.27 0.07 +statistical reasoning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text-to-speech conversion TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +emptycategory insertion Linguistics 0.31 0.42 0.20 0.06 +semantic link TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.29 0.17 +content vector analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +approximate randomization TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.05 0.37 +knowledge classification TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +information processing model TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.03 0.37 +seed derivation other 0.07 0.34 0.59 0.00 +variational approximation DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.16 0.66 +mechanical inference TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +language engineering \ TechTool 0.63 0.36 0.00 0.01 +modeling user satisfaction TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.34 +spoken dialogue translation TechTool 0.68 0.26 0.06 0.00 +entailment determination TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.05 0.16 +optimal string alignment TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +tree-cut extraction TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +linear recency TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.06 +figurative language Linguistics 0.03 0.85 0.09 0.03 +optimal static fusion function TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.05 0.16 +parsing table construction other 0.04 0.00 0.61 0.35 +typed unification algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +support verb discovery TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.07 0.00 +pattern induction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.03 +word segmentation problem other 0.20 0.00 0.80 0.00 +single character recovery TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +language model training DSMMM 0.45 0.01 0.01 0.53 +bottom-up realisation TechTool 0.68 0.03 0.10 0.20 +gt rule optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ilingual legal terminology other 0.02 0.48 0.49 0.00 +cohesion other 0.17 0.08 0.71 0.03 +progressive search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +spelling error other 0.41 0.00 0.53 0.06 +head-chart parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +first-order predicate calculus TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.00 +concept Linguistics 0.28 0.44 0.15 0.13 +automatic evaluation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +monolingual information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.02 +tag lattice parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +phrase completion TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.15 +subclass other 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.17 +html parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +character-based chunking TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +correlation analysis TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.41 +semantic role projection other 0.24 0.03 0.57 0.17 +cost-based evaluation DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.64 +media conversion TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +syntactic annotation TechTool 0.88 0.05 0.07 0.00 +tile expression DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.19 0.71 +unit feature TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.08 0.11 +lc grammar TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.04 +rocchio algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +recursive-descent translation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +grapheme Linguistics 0.21 0.53 0.17 0.10 +pcfgs TechTool 0.58 0.13 0.17 0.12 +neighbour classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +expert system TechTool 0.73 0.27 0.00 0.00 +offline evaluation TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.01 0.28 +multi-threaded discourse management TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +automatic patternlearning TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.10 0.11 +semantic categories Linguistics 0.01 0.77 0.18 0.04 +summary similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.97 +qualitative process theory other 0.02 0.01 0.96 0.00 +unification categorial grammar TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +psycholinguistics TechTool 0.35 0.24 0.21 0.20 +uniformity measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.93 +Japanese kanji-kana character Linguistics 0.26 0.71 0.01 0.02 +fixed-sentence translation TechTool 0.85 0.03 0.01 0.11 +paragraph identification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +event type network TechTool 0.37 0.05 0.31 0.28 +supervised parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +statistical machine translation ( smt ) TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +children language acquisition other 0.41 0.02 0.57 0.01 +sequence translation TechTool 0.55 0.22 0.23 0.00 +metaphone spelling-correction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +descriptive adequacy DSMMM 0.00 0.06 0.41 0.53 +linear mixture model DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +human-human-system interaction TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.00 +incremental grammar development TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +source language recogniser TechTool 0.66 0.07 0.26 0.01 +german-english verbmobil task TechTool 0.50 0.22 0.28 0.00 +array microphone DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.01 0.58 +English Linguistics 0.17 0.59 0.17 0.08 +message understanding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +discourse structur Linguistics 0.40 0.53 0.07 0.00 +domain knowledge other 0.01 0.03 0.96 0.00 +character matching TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.28 +statistical generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +unlabeled corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.07 +email message summarizer TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +vector space retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +template designing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +nl generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +japanese sentence analysis TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.01 0.06 +vector regression TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +press release corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.06 0.02 +definiteness assignment TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.01 +information retrieval systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information assurance and security other 0.08 0.00 0.90 0.02 +dp-based block alignment TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +information extraction engine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +unification generator TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +inverse search TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +data management TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +viterbi training TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +text dictation Linguistics 0.28 0.56 0.15 0.00 +mobile telephone TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +graph matching TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +pronominal anaphora TechTool 0.45 0.29 0.27 0.00 +natural language corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.02 0.00 +diphone concatenation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +interactive speech enhancement TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +highly inflective language Linguistics 0.05 0.74 0.13 0.08 +information-sharing strategy TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.01 +semitic morphology Linguistics 0.03 0.80 0.17 0.00 +term generalization DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.82 +software sharing TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +asr task other 0.37 0.00 0.63 0.01 +word alignment links TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.09 0.06 +news web site Linguistics 0.00 0.82 0.18 0.01 +adaptive confirmation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +query composition DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.01 0.68 +sense discrimination task TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +k-nn TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +text-to-image TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.06 +lemmatisation TechTool 0.44 0.21 0.27 0.09 +morpho-lexical analysis TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.32 0.00 +dtg parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +speech recognition quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +model development TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +extended wordnet Linguistics 0.20 0.79 0.01 0.00 +cepstral normalization TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +linear parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +linguisitc knowledge other 0.17 0.13 0.54 0.15 +opportunistic search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +air traffic controller TechTool 0.68 0.05 0.25 0.02 +parsing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +conceptual model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +english noun phrase Linguistics 0.02 0.95 0.00 0.03 +term specificity DSMMM 0.00 0.11 0.03 0.86 +complementary antonymy TechTool 0.39 0.28 0.19 0.13 +version control TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.01 0.48 +machine translation technology TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.01 +cohesion constraint TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.16 0.11 +darpa test set Linguistics 0.00 0.69 0.30 0.00 +size of the corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.70 0.00 0.29 +case frame transformation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +argument boundary other 0.33 0.22 0.45 0.00 +logistic regression TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +win retrieval TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +language processing model DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.58 +information retrieval \ TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +target language lexicon Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.02 0.03 +infomagnets TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +pp-attachment resolution TechTool 0.92 0.08 0.00 0.00 +machine generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +revision rule TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +bilingual sentence Linguistics 0.04 0.87 0.01 0.07 +programming paradigm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +comlex syntactic dictionary Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.01 0.00 +bottom-up filtering TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +syntactic realization TechTool 0.81 0.03 0.15 0.01 +metacognitive activity other 0.18 0.04 0.75 0.03 +parallel composition TechTool 0.78 0.11 0.02 0.08 +language family other 0.02 0.28 0.49 0.21 +abstraction function TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.01 +network generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +memory allocation TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.19 0.19 +context management TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +unknown-word boundary detection TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +minimum-weight edge cover DSMMM 0.24 0.04 0.00 0.73 +automatic sentence generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +supervised grammar induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +large-scale natural language processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +pos tag sequence TechTool 0.40 0.33 0.26 0.00 +bp identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +transition other 0.22 0.07 0.61 0.10 +geometric pattern recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.11 +non-parametric statistical pattern recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.02 +historical reconstruction TechTool 0.49 0.03 0.48 0.01 +constituency grammar TechTool 0.54 0.29 0.06 0.11 +rina TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.11 0.10 +multi-level architecture TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +human-robot communication other 0.32 0.01 0.67 0.00 +lu decomposition TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.09 0.07 +sentential form other 0.04 0.36 0.51 0.09 +morpheme Linguistics 0.10 0.64 0.21 0.05 +conditional likelihood estimation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +crf inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bm algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +word reordering TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.00 0.07 +inductive learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +binary feature function TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +idf-weighed word Linguistics 0.36 0.45 0.01 0.19 +wordnet database Linguistics 0.06 0.92 0.02 0.00 +automatic cataloguing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +grammatical framework TechTool 0.73 0.26 0.01 0.00 +edge weight DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +lexical subcategorisation Linguistics 0.34 0.43 0.23 0.00 +sgml document TechTool 0.48 0.37 0.14 0.01 +arabic natural language processing TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.05 0.00 +sense-tagged corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.00 +dictionary sense order Linguistics 0.05 0.60 0.34 0.01 +segmentation algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +restricted-domain question answering TechTool 0.71 0.05 0.23 0.00 +centroid computation TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.06 0.39 +hypernym discovery TechTool 0.89 0.08 0.02 0.01 +metaphorical constrtlction TechTool 0.57 0.09 0.22 0.12 +information conversion other 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.00 +ctb corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.02 +feanne-hased unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +scoring system TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +nuclear sentence stress DSMMM 0.22 0.23 0.12 0.42 +string parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +automatic annotation process TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +grammatical function information other 0.01 0.08 0.91 0.00 +metadata generator TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +mrr DSMMM 0.37 0.07 0.08 0.48 +title-based method TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +morphological generator TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +lazy merger TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +unification grammar TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +discourse understanding system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +modern english Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.07 0.00 +perspective identification TechTool 0.59 0.01 0.39 0.00 +bead-driven generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +bottom-up chart parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +taxonomy learning TechTool 0.78 0.14 0.06 0.02 +entropic chunking TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +speech-input\/sentence-detection TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.02 0.08 +non-overlapping clustering TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.09 0.05 +event clustering TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +forest classifier TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.00 0.11 +sub-string matching TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.10 0.03 +polynomial time training TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +weighted finite-state transducers TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +parameterisable applet Linguistics 0.35 0.40 0.16 0.08 +lingnistic description TechTool 0.36 0.21 0.23 0.20 +tone learning and recognition TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.00 +italian morphology Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.07 0.00 +flybase TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +bottom-up knowledge discovery TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +linear factoring TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +finite-state parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +dice coefficient DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +handwritten scripts data Linguistics 0.02 0.63 0.34 0.02 +english retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +rule sequence learning TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +scoring method TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +supervised machine-learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +compound word splitting Linguistics 0.31 0.52 0.07 0.10 +speech-to-speech translation system TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.01 0.03 +language understanding and generation module TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +null determiner Linguistics 0.17 0.51 0.30 0.01 +similarity scores DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +index construction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +language tools TechTool 0.75 0.03 0.22 0.00 +animacy classification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.01 +referential miscommunication other 0.42 0.01 0.56 0.01 +ie-enhanced text browser TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +english-japanese article alignment TechTool 0.72 0.27 0.00 0.01 +binary classification task TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +information synthesis other 0.40 0.00 0.60 0.00 +semantic phrase structure DSMMM 0.19 0.31 0.03 0.48 +unit boundary and marker-identification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +viterbi reestimation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +domain-specific knowledge other 0.34 0.05 0.60 0.00 +semantic sub-classification TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.20 0.01 +local maximization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +terminology translation Linguistics 0.05 0.62 0.31 0.01 +relationship identification TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +k-bfs search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +sequence learning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.00 +pinyin TechTool 0.52 0.18 0.11 0.19 +structural pattern recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +encrypt ion TechTool 0.57 0.13 0.21 0.09 +vagueness other 0.05 0.06 0.77 0.12 +entropy-minimization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +ne recognition TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.03 +beam factor other 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.41 +wordnet synset Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +finite set other 0.18 0.34 0.48 0.00 +score prediction DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.71 +multilingual language technology TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.07 0.00 +acoustic fast-match TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.01 0.38 +large scale corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.06 +syntactic context other 0.20 0.11 0.68 0.01 +query zoning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.07 0.06 +sentence rescoring TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.01 0.33 +np coreference resolution TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 +speech recognition unit TechTool 0.69 0.04 0.07 0.19 +speech recognition and synthesis TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.00 +information retrieval functionality TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.27 0.06 +word sense identification TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +annotated phrase-structure Linguistics 0.32 0.62 0.00 0.05 +transliteration lexicon Linguistics 0.04 0.92 0.01 0.03 +classifier associations TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.12 +sentence-level discourse parsing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.17 +automatic question generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +word trigram model DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.97 +semantic transfer dictionary TechTool 0.56 0.41 0.00 0.03 +discourse parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +tagger lexicon Linguistics 0.21 0.79 0.00 0.00 +data-mining TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +penn wsj test set Linguistics 0.00 0.80 0.18 0.01 +html document other 0.16 0.34 0.50 0.00 +email conversation other 0.01 0.17 0.82 0.00 +sentence level processing TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.05 0.28 +part-of-speech mapping TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.05 0.01 +surface grammar DSMMM 0.32 0.03 0.16 0.49 +deterministic computation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.04 0.11 +meta-language TechTool 0.63 0.21 0.14 0.01 +text-to-text generation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +knowledge manager other 0.43 0.01 0.56 0.00 +forward-backward search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +word index search TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +multi-modal corpora Linguistics 0.23 0.76 0.00 0.00 +russian verb morphology Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +error rate estimation DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.80 +chinese speech recognition TechTool 0.88 0.07 0.03 0.02 +question answering ( qa ) system TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +online search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +entropy word alignment TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.00 0.35 +output other 0.12 0.15 0.66 0.07 +word boundary TechTool 0.74 0.11 0.11 0.04 +ucfg recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +pattern representa TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.08 0.20 +word alignment process TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.46 0.04 +rtn-based approximation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.01 0.32 +morphologizer TechTool 0.74 0.07 0.08 0.10 +non-constituent coordination other 0.08 0.06 0.85 0.01 +associative tree matching TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +viterbi-like parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +labeled corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +network path DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.01 0.74 +alignment models TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +contradiction detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +end-to-end dialogue system TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.02 +signalprocessing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +rna pseudoknot prediction TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.06 0.10 +generation algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +file upload TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.02 0.06 +orthographic similarity score DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +speech act classification TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.17 0.01 +oiled ontology editor TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.02 0.00 +statistics-based method TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +document coreference resolution TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.01 0.00 +non-parallel corpora Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.03 0.02 +context words Linguistics 0.00 0.66 0.25 0.08 +query-focused sentence extraction TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.04 0.10 +topic detection and tracking TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +discourse markers Linguistics 0.02 0.79 0.19 0.00 +modular chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text segmentation and summarization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +native language influence other 0.00 0.02 0.52 0.47 +foot formation Linguistics 0.38 0.54 0.07 0.01 +ten-fold cross-validation TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.04 0.00 +gender agreement other 0.00 0.02 0.54 0.44 +processing technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tcp\/ip-based communication other 0.25 0.01 0.73 0.01 +pstag algorithm TechTool 0.56 0.23 0.11 0.10 +reranker construction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +statistical alignment models TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +iterative augmentation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +meeting corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.01 +binary classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +grammar editing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +rule-based transliteration TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +agent animation system TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 +morphonology TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +structure selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +word-based kernel TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.00 0.18 +web service technology TechTool 0.79 0.17 0.03 0.01 +term management TechTool 0.76 0.07 0.00 0.17 +n-gram table DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.33 0.64 +decomposition method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +speech repair detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +audio comprehension TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.11 0.07 +xml schema TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +syntactic analyzer TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +leaving-one-out technique TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.00 0.01 +document exploration TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.30 0.01 +query evaluation TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.44 +transfer model DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.55 +log-linear block bigram model DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.85 +nlp application TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +boundary detection algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +data base environment other 0.19 0.05 0.73 0.03 +acoustic distance function DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.76 +accurate comparison TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.01 +cuc occurrence TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.29 0.20 +information-based translation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.01 +word ordering TechTool 0.81 0.03 0.11 0.06 +backoff model pruning TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +text rewriting TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.02 0.00 +lattice pruning TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.26 +information storage and retrieval TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.03 +pos category Linguistics 0.18 0.61 0.16 0.06 +deficient estimation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +english argument Linguistics 0.00 0.81 0.18 0.00 +synsets other 0.25 0.29 0.30 0.16 +answer finding TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.31 0.19 +pda construction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +statistical understanding TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sentence annotation TechTool 0.83 0.03 0.04 0.10 +principle-based parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +iterative relaxation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bilingual word association DSMMM 0.33 0.09 0.01 0.58 +stochastic language modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +plural noun Linguistics 0.02 0.98 0.00 0.00 +ir query expansion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +threshold determination mechanism TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.03 0.22 +domain knowledge representation other 0.23 0.01 0.74 0.02 +semantic TechTool 0.54 0.08 0.23 0.15 +recognition quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +lexical translation Linguistics 0.25 0.55 0.20 0.00 +asynchronous language processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +beam-search decoder TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +term unification TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +communicational efficiency DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.49 0.49 +likelihood ratio test DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +categorial calculi interpreter TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +error rate reduction DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.95 +parser combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +logical form TechTool 0.64 0.04 0.23 0.09 +cmu communicator system TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sub-type tagging TechTool 0.53 0.04 0.43 0.00 +node creation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +sms text Linguistics 0.01 0.77 0.22 0.00 +n-best speech/language integration architecture TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.01 +pattern ranking TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.03 0.43 +bilingual text-translation alignment TechTool 0.83 0.14 0.02 0.01 +category probability estimation DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.69 +bottom-up merging TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +chart realisation other 0.46 0.00 0.53 0.00 +summarization evaluation method TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +name formation Linguistics 0.47 0.52 0.02 0.00 +cross-framework parser evaluation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +xdg analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +function tag assignment TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.00 +inside-outside algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +corpus-based induction TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +learner TechTool 0.72 0.08 0.17 0.03 +statistical characterization TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.08 0.01 +multi-lingual document production TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +boolean vector space TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.03 0.16 +non-cosine length norrealization DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.03 0.66 +transfer-driven machine translation \ TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +text mining system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automated generalization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +canned text Linguistics 0.05 0.82 0.14 0.00 +vector weighting TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +structural relation other 0.12 0.00 0.84 0.04 +dialogue interaction other 0.30 0.00 0.70 0.00 +topic signature Linguistics 0.01 0.80 0.17 0.03 +lexical sign Linguistics 0.05 0.70 0.24 0.01 +parallel corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 +translation systems TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 +causative subject Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.48 0.00 +interaction extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +animation renderer TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.05 0.04 +LFG TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +single-word translation TechTool 0.52 0.47 0.00 0.00 +rule-learuing procedure TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +implicit reference resolution TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +semantic relationship other 0.05 0.00 0.82 0.13 +named entity Linguistics 0.15 0.68 0.13 0.05 +grammatic category Linguistics 0.04 0.58 0.22 0.16 +votedpercepton TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +automatic morphology TechTool 0.89 0.08 0.03 0.00 +probability semiring DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +defensible reasoning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +recognition component TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +incremental search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +penn-ii treebank Linguistics 0.27 0.47 0.26 0.00 +augmented transition network TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.20 +noisy input other 0.16 0.00 0.84 0.00 +context question answering TechTool 0.50 0.02 0.47 0.01 +adjunct placement other 0.02 0.02 0.88 0.08 +name linking TechTool 0.79 0.08 0.02 0.11 +file transfer TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +logic learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +topic deletion other 0.45 0.05 0.50 0.00 +word error evaluation DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.88 +nearest neighbour classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +virtual computer TechTool 0.77 0.20 0.02 0.01 +object topicalization Linguistics 0.00 0.77 0.20 0.03 +inverse index TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +optimization problem TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +position tagging other 0.18 0.03 0.78 0.00 +finite-state framework TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.07 0.00 +wsj parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +bilingual retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +access\/security control information TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.01 +proficiency classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +concurrent parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +prosodic structure TechTool 0.55 0.10 0.10 0.25 +commonlisp TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +logic programming paradigm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +text summarisation TechTool 0.51 0.34 0.14 0.00 +multiple-keyword string matching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word alignment model DSMMM 0.30 0.01 0.00 0.70 +head detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +nikl classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +cf parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +adaptive technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +discourse meaning Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.10 0.00 +technology development and evaluation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.16 0.02 +bilingual lexicon compilation Linguistics 0.19 0.80 0.01 0.01 +repair processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +generation-analysis algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +automatic sense disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ycoe corpus Linguistics 0.04 0.75 0.10 0.11 +lexical retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +non-parametrfc sign test DSMMM 0.27 0.14 0.07 0.52 +german parser TechTool 0.82 0.18 0.00 0.00 +set comparison technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +class splitting TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.10 0.03 +auxiliary verb Linguistics 0.05 0.92 0.03 0.00 +definite clause grauunar TechTool 0.76 0.19 0.05 0.00 +word-translation-learning procedure TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.15 0.02 +state feature other 0.31 0.00 0.52 0.17 +multilingual word sense Linguistics 0.25 0.71 0.02 0.01 +gazetteer2 construction other 0.39 0.09 0.40 0.12 +arabic-to-english translation task TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.01 +structure merging TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +approximate smoothing TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +subsumption relation other 0.19 0.00 0.62 0.19 +loglinear lexicon symmetrization Linguistics 0.47 0.48 0.00 0.04 +drag-and-drop task modeling TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.09 0.03 +discourse function other 0.05 0.44 0.50 0.01 +statistical language learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +alignment precision and recall DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +deterministic shift-reduce parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +extraction pattern learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +metacommunication TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +dialogue translation system TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.04 0.02 +nonlinear phonology TechTool 0.56 0.17 0.04 0.23 +multi-perspective question answering TechTool 0.45 0.20 0.35 0.00 +data communication other 0.04 0.00 0.96 0.00 +syntax-semantics interface TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +nextgeneration web TechTool 0.61 0.09 0.16 0.15 +rule composition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +non\/nteractive speech technology other 0.48 0.01 0.50 0.02 +upenn treebank Linguistics 0.14 0.77 0.09 0.00 +discounting smoothing TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +domain expert knowledge other 0.03 0.44 0.53 0.00 +intelligent tutoring systems TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +syntactic pattern recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +chinese word extraction TechTool 0.75 0.17 0.00 0.08 +combinatory grammar TechTool 0.88 0.09 0.01 0.02 +morpho-syntax TechTool 0.61 0.03 0.28 0.08 +category label Linguistics 0.11 0.82 0.04 0.03 +classifiers TechTool 0.41 0.23 0.31 0.06 +decision-tree induction algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +alignment template system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +discourse marker insertion TechTool 0.68 0.29 0.03 0.00 +coreference recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +concept to speech TechTool 0.50 0.29 0.11 0.10 +translation models DSMMM 0.15 0.01 0.00 0.84 +causal relation other 0.18 0.00 0.80 0.02 +keyword query TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.02 0.11 +incremental copying TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +sentence adverbial Linguistics 0.13 0.79 0.01 0.07 +ranking algorithm TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +proximity matching TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +speech signal feature DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.19 0.44 +english-chinese parallel corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +pos-class TechTool 0.59 0.30 0.04 0.06 +visualization research TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +nlp evaluation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.07 +parse tree probability DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.96 +shallow syntactic structure TechTool 0.50 0.28 0.06 0.15 +real-time machine translation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.13 0.01 +technological watcher Linguistics 0.23 0.46 0.30 0.01 +linguistic annotation framework TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.01 +network bandwidth and computation DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.18 0.44 +shift-reduce-drop parsing TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.02 0.24 +slot class TechTool 0.44 0.33 0.15 0.08 +lexicon-based alignment TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.00 0.03 +table lookup process other 0.01 0.00 0.79 0.20 +orientation extraction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +stack-based parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +discriminative classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +model-based method TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +world modelling other 0.15 0.01 0.73 0.11 +multimodal dialog TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.34 0.00 +structure rule TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.03 +tree-adjoining grammars TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.00 0.01 +syntactic corpus analysis Linguistics 0.49 0.51 0.01 0.00 +text generation programming TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +lexica TechTool 0.42 0.27 0.13 0.18 +class disambiguattion TechTool 0.67 0.09 0.13 0.11 +morpheme graph embedding TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.35 +unigram probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +laboratory evaluation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.42 0.01 +user-defined performance threshold DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.94 +question terminology other 0.01 0.06 0.92 0.01 +statistical machine-learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +score calculation DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.81 +determiners Linguistics 0.09 0.68 0.19 0.04 +profile building TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.12 +texture resolution module TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +text construction TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.31 0.00 +incomplete parse tree DSMMM 0.09 0.03 0.17 0.71 +syntactic cooccurrence TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.02 0.19 +computational feasibility other 0.02 0.06 0.72 0.20 +noise rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 +category matching TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +word synonymy DSMMM 0.01 0.38 0.04 0.56 +lexical parallelism other 0.04 0.01 0.95 0.00 +pre-filtering algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +graph-clustering TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +corpus correction TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.01 +spoken language identification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +morphological processor TechTool 0.78 0.20 0.02 0.00 +linear-time parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +rightmost sub-d-tree DSMMM 0.11 0.15 0.31 0.42 +discourse network DSMMM 0.31 0.17 0.05 0.48 +lexical occurrence other 0.17 0.05 0.78 0.01 +scalability other 0.07 0.10 0.64 0.19 +long-tail distribution DSMMM 0.08 0.39 0.01 0.53 +n-best paradigm \ TechTool 0.75 0.23 0.02 0.01 +lambda term DSMMM 0.17 0.08 0.00 0.75 +line optimization method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +speech language modeling TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.04 0.09 +understanding TechTool 0.60 0.16 0.09 0.15 +software technology TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +contextual knowledge other 0.16 0.01 0.83 0.00 +alias prediction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +topical admixture TechTool 0.42 0.16 0.39 0.02 +root category Linguistics 0.03 0.60 0.35 0.02 +dat recorder TechTool 0.72 0.19 0.07 0.01 +dynamic recognition-knowledge TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +interactive search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +interactive method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +information gain DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.51 +syntactic approach TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +treebanking TechTool 0.66 0.08 0.14 0.13 +transfer grammar TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +phrase boundary segmentation TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +compositional semantics Linguistics 0.31 0.66 0.00 0.03 +dialog-specific discourse analysis TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +referent determination TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +probabilistic parsing engine TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.06 +rhetorical description Linguistics 0.05 0.66 0.24 0.05 +speaker adaptation \ TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +grarnmar-checker TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.02 0.02 +focus constraint other 0.01 0.01 0.92 0.06 +semantic expectation other 0.35 0.00 0.36 0.30 +multimodal ambiguity other 0.38 0.00 0.62 0.00 +modal logic TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +candidate evaluation DSMMM 0.40 0.01 0.01 0.59 +metadata description TechTool 0.55 0.13 0.29 0.04 +propositions Linguistics 0.08 0.42 0.41 0.10 +document authoring TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.15 0.00 +category unification and construction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.01 +adaptation testing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +language resource Linguistics 0.02 0.55 0.25 0.17 +ipadic TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +textual entailment recognition TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.01 +text retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +trend analysis other 0.32 0.00 0.50 0.18 +candidate terms DSMMM 0.00 0.28 0.29 0.43 +word speech recognizer TechTool 0.82 0.07 0.02 0.08 +movement inversion other 0.18 0.00 0.51 0.31 +pairwise classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +neural network approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +nonhierarchical partitioning TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.12 0.04 +text-to-speech TechTool 0.82 0.13 0.03 0.02 +wh-determiner Linguistics 0.18 0.80 0.01 0.01 +model re-estimation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +rule format TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +noisy channel modeling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +composition other 0.03 0.15 0.45 0.37 +three-way match TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.08 0.08 +program enhancement advisor TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.24 0.00 +lexical entailment prediction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.21 0.05 +node restoration procedure TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.01 +file structure and search TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.06 +attachment disambiguation system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +first translation strategy TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.13 0.01 +human inspection other 0.06 0.00 0.83 0.11 +bitag tagger TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +corpus encoding standard Linguistics 0.34 0.56 0.01 0.09 +isomorphism testing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +p-norm model DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.94 +speech enhancement TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.38 0.12 +computerized scoring TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +in-depth understanding TechTool 0.74 0.06 0.05 0.15 +relative frequency ratio DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 +partial listing TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.23 0.03 +relation network DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.09 0.67 +lexical memory other 0.17 0.00 0.82 0.00 +xml id\/idref mechanism TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +dialogue act recognition TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.37 0.00 +kana-to-kanji conversion TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +multimedia summarization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +web text Linguistics 0.00 0.78 0.21 0.01 +n-gram models DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.96 +feature formalism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +lopez distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +e-k transliteration other 0.36 0.06 0.58 0.00 +phoneme classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +phrasal concept Linguistics 0.30 0.58 0.00 0.11 +compound splitting TechTool 0.86 0.08 0.04 0.02 +muc-7 information extraction TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.41 0.01 +sentence production TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.07 0.07 +ensemble combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +node marking TechTool 0.46 0.03 0.37 0.14 +terminology Linguistics 0.28 0.39 0.27 0.06 +multilingual sentence alignment TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.01 0.06 +metropolis-hastings TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.08 0.01 +structured query formulation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.28 0.03 +argument identification and classification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +corba interoperability other 0.14 0.05 0.75 0.06 +causal claim other 0.09 0.01 0.89 0.01 +parsing tree DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.01 0.69 +battlefield visualization TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.04 +concept detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +frame assignment TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +grammatical system TechTool 0.81 0.19 0.00 0.00 +single sentence production TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.01 +head-driven generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +text retrieval algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +keyword indexing task TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +semantic bootstrapping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +independence assumption DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.25 0.39 +background noise other 0.02 0.00 0.89 0.08 +exact-phrase query TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.17 +lexical correction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +automatic language acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +defining vocabulary Linguistics 0.07 0.49 0.05 0.39 +CMU's SMT system TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +boundary insertion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +word order acquisition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +markov branching TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.21 +semantic graph DSMMM 0.26 0.01 0.03 0.70 +project murasaki TechTool 0.66 0.14 0.20 0.00 +word discrimination TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.02 0.10 +general-purpose natural language processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +occurrence frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +function-free universally-quantified prenex formulae TechTool 0.68 0.25 0.03 0.04 +heuristic interpretation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.07 +hybrid control TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.05 +node similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +length-based alignment TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +forward transformation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sub-syllabification TechTool 0.70 0.03 0.27 0.01 +speech-to-speech translation TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.01 0.02 +thai information retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +category-category relation other 0.17 0.10 0.55 0.17 +surface distortion DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.16 0.80 +bmwe extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +cf chart parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +non-parallel corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.02 0.02 +topic coverage DSMMM 0.00 0.42 0.07 0.51 +treebank parse tree DSMMM 0.01 0.43 0.03 0.54 +statistieal transliteration TechTool 0.36 0.33 0.24 0.07 +lmnsetsu identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +parameter reestimation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.05 0.06 +list constructor Linguistics 0.16 0.63 0.20 0.01 +compound word translation Linguistics 0.11 0.85 0.01 0.03 +machine-induced ontology TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.03 +transition matrix TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.35 0.18 +hidden markov TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +document-centric approach TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.01 0.00 +spectral graph partitioning TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.45 +natural language interface TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +speech-input\/sentence-detection mechanism TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +parse strategy TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.01 +maximum-entropy tagging TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +nondestructive unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +dirichlet smoothing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.18 +top-down generation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.09 +kyoto university corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 +voice-input computer interfaces TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +syntactic grammaticality other 0.25 0.06 0.38 0.31 +deep parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +information retrieval and browsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.02 +natural language processing tasks TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +text classification research TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.21 0.00 +person names Linguistics 0.00 0.85 0.14 0.01 +target verb Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.02 0.00 +biologically-inspired learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +evaluation technique TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +citation matching TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +information content method other 0.42 0.00 0.57 0.01 +universal resource indicator Linguistics 0.14 0.60 0.02 0.24 +ocher parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +thematic role theme Linguistics 0.01 0.70 0.28 0.00 +global timing DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.07 0.53 +temporal event other 0.20 0.04 0.76 0.00 +chain formation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +word repetition TechTool 0.47 0.01 0.20 0.32 +query collection TechTool 0.53 0.13 0.18 0.16 +dewey decimal classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.01 +near-synonymy DSMMM 0.27 0.10 0.13 0.50 +tag mapping algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +implicit intention component other 0.11 0.00 0.89 0.01 +rule acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +synonym extraction TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.01 +mar support TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +spelling checking TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +variation case other 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.49 +sentence-based input method TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.03 0.20 +tdt tracking TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +10-fold cross validation TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.11 0.01 +corpora generation TechTool 0.77 0.23 0.00 0.00 +nlg approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +arabic treebank project Linguistics 0.11 0.64 0.24 0.00 +word segmentation system TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +estimating trigger lm TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +research and development other 0.19 0.00 0.81 0.00 +clarification ellipsis TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.37 0.00 +productive feature engineering TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +feature selection and post-processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +bilingual dual-coding theory TechTool 0.83 0.13 0.03 0.01 +document management TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.00 0.00 +syntacticsemantic parser TechTool 0.67 0.21 0.09 0.04 +default sense extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +theorem prover TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.01 +greedy mapping TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +spoken language translation TechTool 0.71 0.23 0.06 0.00 +feature category TechTool 0.60 0.09 0.11 0.20 +identificatkm TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +stress placement other 0.07 0.00 0.58 0.34 +model combination TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.26 +graph-based formulation TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +content-independent formalism TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.02 0.02 +countability TechTool 0.57 0.10 0.19 0.14 +entropy classifier TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +automatic content extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language model method DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.51 +holder finding TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +lexicon building TechTool 0.62 0.36 0.00 0.02 +machine sorting TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.12 0.06 +finite state automaton TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.29 0.00 +augmented-tfs unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +speech-driven retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +ontological property DSMMM 0.15 0.16 0.09 0.59 +disjunction model DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.61 +linear frequency DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.95 +filter optimization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +rating-inference problem TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +parallel computing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +eye gaze other 0.01 0.00 0.93 0.05 +automated text analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +knowledge customization other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +rule selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +analogical speech translation TechTool 0.69 0.17 0.10 0.05 +conceptual physics tutor other 0.25 0.11 0.62 0.02 +probability propagation DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.81 +auditory processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +conditional loglinear model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +plus-one smoothing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +object-oriented scripting language Linguistics 0.14 0.75 0.09 0.03 +word proximity query DSMMM 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.86 +dialog modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +linguistic engineering platform TechTool 0.60 0.39 0.01 0.00 +English stemmer TechTool 0.84 0.13 0.03 0.00 +object-pointing other 0.01 0.08 0.48 0.42 +non-dss unification TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.07 0.07 +environment classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +machine learnin g TechTool 0.56 0.41 0.02 0.01 +information propagation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.01 +category merging TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.01 +keyphrase extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +encyclopedia TechTool 0.44 0.38 0.13 0.05 +surface form word other 0.06 0.27 0.39 0.28 +noun phrase interpretation Linguistics 0.31 0.60 0.00 0.09 +language discourse understanding TechTool 0.81 0.06 0.10 0.02 +log-linear and linear interpolation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +decision tree learner TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +mdl-based generalization TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.20 +term-based document retrieval TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.00 0.17 +finite-state morphology tools TechTool 0.71 0.10 0.19 0.00 +non-compositionality TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.28 0.08 +spoken language interaction TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +definiteness\/indefiniteness other 0.09 0.13 0.70 0.08 +lr-parser construction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +augmented-context-free generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +speech modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +webclopedia TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +batch training TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +infurmation retrieval TechTool 0.61 0.09 0.20 0.11 +augmented reality TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +refer expression DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.40 0.58 +dis uency detection TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +graphic software environment TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +arabic root extraction TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +syntactic reordering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +computational modefing TechTool 0.57 0.11 0.19 0.13 +relevance weighting and selection TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +trigram decoding TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +automatic processing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lri parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +natural language application TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +unification-based grammar TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +logical expression DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.05 0.81 +iterative refinement TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +source document identification TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +expert-system TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.00 0.00 +language dialogue understanding TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.13 0.08 +timex TechTool 0.58 0.12 0.19 0.11 +valency constraints other 0.26 0.07 0.66 0.01 +head pruning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +error-tolerant recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +testing set other 0.28 0.21 0.31 0.20 +affix removal TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +bayesian grammar induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +garbage collection time other 0.01 0.00 0.72 0.27 +ambiguity problem other 0.01 0.00 0.99 0.00 +text parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +telephone directory assistance TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +decision making TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +left-to-right decoding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +application-independent natural language generation system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +dg implementation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +intelligent systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialogue partner other 0.03 0.15 0.82 0.00 +voice input other 0.09 0.00 0.90 0.00 +sentence-aligned parallel corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.00 0.04 +machine learning algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +mathematical programming TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.11 0.08 +similarity-based disambiguadon TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +word frequencies DSMMM 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.71 +ie task other 0.38 0.00 0.62 0.00 +mapping model DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.01 0.57 +phonology structure Linguistics 0.03 0.66 0.08 0.23 +knowledge discovery TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +junction selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +user identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +logical structure TechTool 0.63 0.06 0.06 0.25 +word graph generation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +recognition search space TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.05 0.22 +similarity identification TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +syntactic formulae Linguistics 0.16 0.66 0.15 0.04 +recognition system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +example-based retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +lexicon compilation Linguistics 0.40 0.58 0.02 0.01 +auto-tutor system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +language acquisition device TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +mappings TechTool 0.46 0.16 0.25 0.13 +pattern-based machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +interactive database management TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +building discourse TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.18 0.00 +grounding other 0.18 0.14 0.54 0.14 +nlp system architecture TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +statistical natural language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +pp-attachment TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.00 0.02 +role-labeling TechTool 0.84 0.13 0.04 0.00 +tdt evaluation TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.15 0.17 +unsupervised expectation maximization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +human-machine dialogue simulation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +cross-language question answering TechTool 0.54 0.08 0.35 0.03 +coherence relation other 0.06 0.00 0.52 0.42 +earley-style parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multiple-class concept TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00 +dialogue management architecture TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +mutual information estimation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +natural language generation community other 0.29 0.02 0.69 0.00 +machine translatlou TechTool 0.56 0.19 0.16 0.10 +confidence scores DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +collaborative bootstrapping TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +semantic feature information other 0.21 0.00 0.76 0.02 +discontinuous constituent Linguistics 0.03 0.81 0.14 0.02 +japanese-english language pair Linguistics 0.44 0.47 0.03 0.06 +deictic coherence other 0.45 0.01 0.52 0.03 +phonetic pattern dictionary Linguistics 0.32 0.37 0.15 0.16 +cross-language transfer TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.04 0.08 +cue word disambiguation Linguistics 0.47 0.52 0.01 0.00 +equipment maintenance and repair TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +british english Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +all-path parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +horn-clause logic TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +classification grid TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.01 0.02 +lesson generation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +transductive inference TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multi-strategy parsing algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +cognate alignment TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.02 +anaphoric pronouns Linguistics 0.00 0.56 0.44 0.00 +clustering space DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.01 0.52 +x theory Linguistics 0.07 0.77 0.03 0.13 +large vocabulary speech recognition TechTool 0.86 0.06 0.07 0.01 +computer keyboard TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.12 0.03 +computational lexical semantics Linguistics 0.06 0.82 0.11 0.01 +binary relational calculus notation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +skill level other 0.00 0.00 0.62 0.38 +noise-robust software TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +article selection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +constraint transformation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.01 +finite-state language processing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +interlingua specification TechTool 0.85 0.04 0.09 0.03 +cfg recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bag generator TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +graph summarization TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.18 +japanese text processing TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +estimation TechTool 0.47 0.33 0.16 0.04 +relevance assessment DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.18 0.72 +disfluency detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +classification category TechTool 0.80 0.13 0.02 0.05 +bowers tag set Linguistics 0.06 0.55 0.36 0.03 +control theory TechTool 0.58 0.02 0.39 0.01 +softtfidf TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.14 0.10 +contextual appropriateness other 0.20 0.00 0.45 0.35 +nlp\/cl TechTool 0.73 0.14 0.13 0.00 +manual tagging TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +answer re-ranking or elimination TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.43 0.05 +automatic document categorization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +controller other 0.39 0.14 0.42 0.04 +natural language parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +parser generation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syllable recognition TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.01 +well-formed text other 0.05 0.14 0.81 0.00 +dp search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.08 +term categorization TechTool 0.54 0.07 0.00 0.40 +general purpose inference TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +derivational analysis TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +case suffix Linguistics 0.24 0.71 0.04 0.01 +sense ranking TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +syntactic bracketting TechTool 0.78 0.10 0.09 0.03 +structure transfer TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +speaker other 0.15 0.09 0.72 0.04 +hyponym Linguistics 0.22 0.53 0.19 0.06 +basenp analysis TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.01 +featnre structure Linguistics 0.27 0.37 0.11 0.25 +convolution kernels TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.00 0.18 +statistical word-alignment TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.02 +condition testing TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.20 0.06 +domain-specific knowlegde acquisition TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +commonsense knowledge other 0.22 0.01 0.77 0.00 +classification \ TechTool 0.81 0.19 0.00 0.01 +likelihood training method TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +phrasal verb Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +japanese-english translation TechTool 0.62 0.37 0.00 0.01 +transliteration similarity DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +dependency translation TechTool 0.59 0.28 0.02 0.10 +conjunction processing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +plural anaphora Linguistics 0.26 0.62 0.12 0.00 +automatic content analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +nested annotation TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.06 0.01 +attribute-value unification TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +boosting algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +interpolation method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +legal information other 0.01 0.03 0.96 0.00 +word order generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +analysis structure building TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +parse complexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.67 +belief updating TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +parse selection algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +explicit word segmentation TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.00 +semantic set other 0.02 0.22 0.67 0.09 +xquery TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +heuristic algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +xsl TechTool 0.58 0.11 0.18 0.13 +rete pattern match DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.03 0.49 +dialogue move classification TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.10 0.03 +weighted average language model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +full speech recognition TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +learning framework TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +linguistic compaction TechTool 0.60 0.17 0.20 0.03 +case frame construction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +feedback interface TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +multi-lingual dependency TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.02 0.02 +discriminative ratio DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.86 +lexical redundancy other 0.06 0.01 0.93 0.00 +forward transliteration TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.00 0.07 +word sense ambiguity other 0.13 0.01 0.83 0.02 +text summarizer TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +ddd algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +extractive mutli-document summarization TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 +k ranging other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.01 +hmm acoustic word model DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.93 +syntax control other 0.24 0.00 0.64 0.13 +chinese text Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.07 0.00 +feature ablation study TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.28 0.02 +automata theory other 0.40 0.08 0.45 0.07 +statistical decision tree TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +computer-assisted instruction TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.03 0.00 +extraction analysis TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +news categorization Linguistics 0.36 0.63 0.01 0.00 +persistent storage TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.02 0.11 +mixture training TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.01 0.03 +speech dictation systemt TechTool 0.77 0.13 0.06 0.03 +synthesis system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +target-language representation TechTool 0.73 0.06 0.03 0.19 +terminology building TechTool 0.66 0.02 0.28 0.04 +optimality theoretic grammars TechTool 0.81 0.07 0.00 0.11 +histogram TechTool 0.41 0.31 0.18 0.09 +graphical annotation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +lexical ilfformation other 0.21 0.37 0.42 0.00 +fast tree kernel TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +lexical\/semantic pattern other 0.12 0.03 0.79 0.06 +Chinese word sense disambiguation model DSMMM 0.12 0.07 0.00 0.81 +disambiguating prepositional phrase Linguistics 0.47 0.53 0.00 0.00 +word sense disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.02 0.00 +translation pattern DSMMM 0.36 0.01 0.21 0.43 +memory-based translation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +real world knowledge other 0.00 0.10 0.90 0.00 +language translator system TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.02 0.04 +user-modelling TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +parse selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +duration learning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.09 0.06 +intrasentential resolution TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.01 0.00 +gene\/protein name recognition TechTool 0.66 0.12 0.21 0.01 +topic\/focus identification other 0.22 0.06 0.71 0.01 +essay paraphrasing TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.05 0.02 +cognitive modeling task TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +linear parsing time TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.19 0.36 +conversational telephone speech other 0.09 0.04 0.86 0.01 +rule engineering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +example-based sense-tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +chunker-based preprocessing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +manual scoring TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +pronunciation assignment TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.01 +normalization process TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.17 0.03 +corpus exploitation Linguistics 0.15 0.82 0.02 0.01 +boundary detection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +khz rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.97 +prediction uncertainty other 0.18 0.00 0.74 0.08 +fortran programming TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +morphological grammar TechTool 0.57 0.35 0.07 0.00 +lvc detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +corpus modelling Linguistics 0.46 0.51 0.00 0.03 +system design TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +statistical summarization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +automatic unification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cognitive neuroscience TechTool 0.42 0.33 0.22 0.03 +shortest path TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.03 0.41 +psycholinguistic evidence other 0.04 0.31 0.64 0.00 +word usage Linguistics 0.08 0.60 0.11 0.22 +detection method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical items other 0.00 0.16 0.84 0.00 +linguistic intuition other 0.11 0.00 0.85 0.04 +opinion extraction TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +macquarie thesaurus Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.00 0.02 +automatic system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +metaphorical meaning Linguistics 0.03 0.89 0.07 0.01 +lazy strategy TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +topical closeness DSMMM 0.04 0.05 0.20 0.71 +hybrid translation TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +corpus construction Linguistics 0.24 0.73 0.02 0.01 +incremental processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multidocument summarization TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +copular pattern TechTool 0.45 0.02 0.33 0.19 +multimodal parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +probabilistic framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +verbal and nonverbal mean DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.23 0.72 +superordinate substitution TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +conversational speech language Linguistics 0.06 0.60 0.33 0.02 +english cd-sr-parser TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +express-doubt discourse action other 0.13 0.02 0.83 0.02 +weighted abductive inference engine TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +boundary pattern TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.18 0.06 +context subsumption TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.42 0.06 +factor equation DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.58 +combinatory categorial grammar TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.00 0.01 +metadata TechTool 0.32 0.23 0.31 0.14 +discourse segment status other 0.01 0.22 0.76 0.02 +assisted language learning TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +incremental chart-parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cross validation experiment TechTool 0.55 0.03 0.41 0.02 +text scanning TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +iterative parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +transcripts Linguistics 0.15 0.40 0.39 0.06 +dp alignment TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +parameter smoothing TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +anaphora resolution and production TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +morphological rule TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +path containment condition other 0.34 0.00 0.44 0.21 +tree conversion TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.26 0.15 +proper noun categorization Linguistics 0.49 0.50 0.01 0.00 +tree generation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.14 +acoustic adaptation training TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.08 +bottom-up left-to-right active chart parse TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +semantic analysis system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +word substitution TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +interactive machine-aided translation system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +recategorization process other 0.12 0.09 0.67 0.11 +block decoding TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +greedy set partition TechTool 0.73 0.02 0.13 0.11 +probability function DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +acoustic matching TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.01 0.46 +root DSMMM 0.13 0.15 0.18 0.54 +translation algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +category-derivation TechTool 0.65 0.04 0.30 0.02 +regression task TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.00 +summarization application TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +discourse constraint TechTool 0.54 0.06 0.40 0.01 +language processing approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +log-linear modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +machine-assisted translation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +language model structure DSMMM 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.88 +optimization technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +linear second-order unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical-functional grammar TechTool 0.66 0.31 0.02 0.01 +expert\/domain expert Linguistics 0.22 0.74 0.04 0.00 +treebank conversion method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +comma checker TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.02 0.00 +alignment quality DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +mous corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.00 0.04 +verb phrases Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +plausible ranking TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.14 0.10 +structure napping TechTool 0.40 0.21 0.23 0.16 +surface structure generation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.03 +dynamicprogramming TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +innovation corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.02 0.02 +text preprocessing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +spanish pronoun resolution Linguistics 0.35 0.65 0.00 0.00 +proof normalisation TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.01 +lisp programming language TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.01 0.02 +top-n recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +model estimation and recovery TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +morphology module TechTool 0.48 0.06 0.45 0.00 +dialogue act tagging TechTool 0.57 0.01 0.41 0.00 +linguistic model DSMMM 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.94 +lexicalised dependency grammar Linguistics 0.32 0.45 0.01 0.21 +irregular inflection other 0.25 0.11 0.64 0.01 +syllable boundary other 0.21 0.04 0.73 0.02 +concept cluster Linguistics 0.03 0.63 0.20 0.15 +medium fluency speech DSMMM 0.00 0.26 0.07 0.67 +Mt system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +news wire corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +ontology learning TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +electronic information other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +summit recognizer TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +finitestate TechTool 0.66 0.11 0.13 0.11 +arabic retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sound unification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +algorithmic analysis TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +knowledge engineering technique TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +recursive descent algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +extraction-based system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +search query TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +linguistic programming TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +speaker group modeling TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.01 +turing computing machinery TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.39 +chinese-english sentence alignment TechTool 0.70 0.07 0.00 0.23 +naturallanguage processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +type determination TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.01 +lexical phonology Linguistics 0.02 0.74 0.24 0.00 +new word detection TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.00 0.02 +weighted score DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +selection technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +autotutor cognitive modeling task TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.00 +inverse docmnent frequency DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.95 +plan recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +noun paraphrasing Linguistics 0.37 0.59 0.00 0.04 +exhaustive search TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.02 +parallel text mining TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +rule constraint TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +automatic lexicon evaluation TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.00 0.04 +nominal analysis TechTool 0.56 0.42 0.02 0.00 +mesh smoothing and optimization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +perceptron hmm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +svm-based voting TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +variant generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +lvscr transcription TechTool 0.42 0.36 0.13 0.09 +feature selection mechanism TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +geographic distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.68 +telecommunication Linguistics 0.24 0.47 0.21 0.08 +dynamic programing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +stemmed chunking TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +gpsg parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic constituent alignment TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +relational analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +polynomial-time translation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +pst learning TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +unification-based approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +reestimation formula TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.01 0.37 +shallow analyzer TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +slm training TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.01 0.02 +speech information other 0.01 0.01 0.96 0.02 +cross-source agreement other 0.13 0.25 0.35 0.27 +set disambiguation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +redwoods treebank Linguistics 0.07 0.83 0.09 0.01 +context-free rule TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +cognitive models DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.89 +resource management TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +dialogue quality and efficiency DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.77 +data collection Linguistics 0.01 0.56 0.34 0.08 +navigational information other 0.06 0.00 0.94 0.00 +modeling problem other 0.26 0.00 0.74 0.00 +connectionist TechTool 0.72 0.08 0.10 0.10 +off-line parsing TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +connectionism TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +pinyin input other 0.11 0.12 0.77 0.00 +organizational and discourse strategies other 0.18 0.00 0.82 0.00 +abstracting TechTool 0.42 0.24 0.14 0.19 +web-based question answering TechTool 0.73 0.11 0.08 0.08 +semantic relaxation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +syntactic execution TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +syntactic feature structure TechTool 0.73 0.12 0.05 0.09 +graphical models theory TechTool 0.66 0.04 0.08 0.22 +repair handling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +term suggestion DSMMM 0.13 0.05 0.12 0.70 +reference failure other 0.22 0.00 0.78 0.00 +text database Linguistics 0.21 0.60 0.20 0.00 +subject\/object detection Linguistics 0.37 0.41 0.17 0.05 +semantics construction TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +bayes independence assumption TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +hmm model construction TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +cross-language ir TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.04 0.04 +unrestricted natural language text Linguistics 0.24 0.45 0.31 0.00 +structured prediction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.03 +chinese information extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +part-of-speech assignment TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.01 +spoken language understanding TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.03 0.01 +summary sentence decomposition DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.03 0.57 +diversity extension TechTool 0.39 0.00 0.32 0.29 +lexiease parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +hebrew generation TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +high-performance tagging TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +logic form identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +splog filtering TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.02 0.19 +query answering TechTool 0.69 0.23 0.02 0.06 +single phone word Linguistics 0.26 0.73 0.00 0.01 +group average agglomeration DSMMM 0.05 0.27 0.15 0.54 +complementary smoothing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +monologue segmentation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.01 +Chomsky ' minimalist program Linguistics 0.13 0.78 0.09 0.00 +unsupervised pattern discovery TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +data base query Linguistics 0.19 0.40 0.08 0.32 +pushdown automata TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.12 0.05 +forward-backward parameter estimation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +link detection system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +normalization procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +acoustic attribute extraction TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.02 0.23 +inter-sentential anaphora Linguistics 0.26 0.62 0.10 0.01 +sgt smoothing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +bit-parallel computation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.02 +attribute relation other 0.13 0.00 0.74 0.13 +classification tree DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.54 +error checking DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.53 +automatic synonym acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lazy language learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +source-channel modeling TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +semantic verb class Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.12 0.04 +record generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.03 +active voice pattern other 0.39 0.00 0.54 0.06 +head transducer training TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.04 0.04 +penultimate stress Linguistics 0.16 0.39 0.36 0.08 +one-vote majority rule TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +arabic wsd TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +construction grammar TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +ri algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +supervised tree induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +semcor data Linguistics 0.00 0.76 0.22 0.01 +tree-lowering DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.01 0.53 +head transducer TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.05 0.09 +structure of a sentence Linguistics 0.47 0.52 0.00 0.01 +broad-coverage syntactic parser TechTool 0.73 0.25 0.01 0.01 +virtual reality Linguistics 0.40 0.44 0.12 0.04 +statistical text generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +pattern discovery TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +linear estimation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +discriminative pruning method TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +person ne Linguistics 0.03 0.86 0.07 0.04 +class hierarchy DSMMM 0.01 0.25 0.04 0.70 +encyclopaedia TechTool 0.45 0.36 0.14 0.05 +finite-state dialogue TechTool 0.47 0.21 0.32 0.00 +direct parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +style information other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +character insertion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.01 +transducers TechTool 0.58 0.22 0.14 0.06 +numerical optimisation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.03 +probabilistic word segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +foreign language teaching TechTool 0.51 0.05 0.44 0.00 +document format TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.20 0.02 +model-selection TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +sentence analysis and generation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.06 0.05 +chinese-englisla machine transhltion TechTool 0.86 0.06 0.01 0.08 +decisiontree TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +dynamic programming approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +expectationmaximization algorithm TechTool 0.56 0.23 0.11 0.10 +coordinative ellipsis TechTool 0.53 0.04 0.43 0.00 +participle agreement other 0.05 0.28 0.55 0.12 +pause detection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +lr parsing algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +collaborative planning framework TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +link parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +structure\/feature percolation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.07 0.07 +science information systems TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.15 0.00 +fixed parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +sentence-level feature DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.03 0.71 +log-likelihood distribution DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.95 +marker location Linguistics 0.05 0.71 0.23 0.01 +asr output other 0.09 0.00 0.85 0.06 +multi-category classification problem TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +direction-assistance domain other 0.38 0.03 0.59 0.00 +switchboard evaluation system TechTool 0.81 0.03 0.01 0.16 +training phase other 0.05 0.03 0.91 0.02 +natural prosody other 0.23 0.21 0.55 0.00 +question\/answering TechTool 0.49 0.13 0.37 0.02 +voicexml development TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +scalable learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +morphological realization TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.46 0.00 +large-margin learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +continuous density hmm DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.55 +document text Linguistics 0.01 0.77 0.23 0.00 +word frequency analysis DSMMM 0.16 0.03 0.01 0.80 +svm learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +speaker-dependent speech recognition TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.12 0.02 +communicative efficacy other 0.03 0.02 0.88 0.06 +multilayer search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.05 +dialogue acts annotation other 0.30 0.02 0.68 0.00 +grammar compression TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.20 +travel arrangement corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +document-level measure DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.91 +qa system architecture TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +ontological knowledge other 0.13 0.01 0.86 0.00 +pp attachment resolution TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +mining task TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +intransitive motion other 0.00 0.49 0.51 0.00 +tree modification process other 0.02 0.00 0.78 0.19 +unbounded dependencies DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.40 0.59 +taxonomy kernel TechTool 0.68 0.09 0.00 0.22 +text categorzafion TechTool 0.71 0.07 0.13 0.09 +unknown word tagging TechTool 0.74 0.22 0.04 0.00 +mental transaction other 0.16 0.10 0.74 0.01 +non-standard encryption TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.12 0.07 +inductive learner TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +anaphors Linguistics 0.17 0.60 0.17 0.06 +incremental production TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +sub-sentence extraction TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.04 0.10 +tree-like representation TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.00 0.43 +anaphora Linguistics 0.12 0.59 0.23 0.06 +frame learning TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +incremental minimization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +expert system interface TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +structural model DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.84 +n-gram-based segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +native interface other 0.31 0.00 0.68 0.00 +anaphoric expression DSMMM 0.05 0.16 0.26 0.53 +alignment model TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +acoustic-prosodic feature TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.02 0.33 +frame-synchronous beam search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +syntactic constraint violation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +structure search TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +medical language processor Linguistics 0.21 0.74 0.03 0.02 +source and target language Linguistics 0.04 0.74 0.21 0.01 +greedy completion TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +elliptical case other 0.22 0.01 0.68 0.10 +data recovery TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.21 0.01 +grammar compiler TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +amharic noun morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.01 +structured ka TechTool 0.47 0.09 0.44 0.00 +complex sentence TechTool 0.66 0.29 0.05 0.01 +psychological experimentation other 0.02 0.49 0.49 0.00 +local optimisation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.04 +automatic alignment algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +fast search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +stop list Linguistics 0.01 0.81 0.17 0.00 +weighted n-gram model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +seed term Linguistics 0.00 0.54 0.04 0.42 +cluster number other 0.00 0.01 0.58 0.41 +head-modifier structure Linguistics 0.12 0.66 0.03 0.18 +dependency type DSMMM 0.28 0.10 0.24 0.39 +entity category Linguistics 0.01 0.37 0.29 0.33 +definition match algorithm TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.30 +west european languages Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.05 0.00 +trigram indexing TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +compound noun formation Linguistics 0.07 0.92 0.00 0.00 +adjacency relation DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.41 0.54 +error correcting TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.06 0.04 +text length DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.34 0.61 +string alignment\/comparison TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +tree-based learning TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.02 0.16 +token alignment selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phonotactio network other 0.12 0.25 0.36 0.26 +coarse-grained sense-tagging TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +vocational training TechTool 0.69 0.21 0.06 0.04 +cross recording condition other 0.36 0.00 0.61 0.03 +fact knowledge base other 0.01 0.00 0.94 0.04 +leave corner parse algorithm TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.07 0.26 +syntactic derivation other 0.40 0.02 0.58 0.00 +search strategy \ TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +grammar-based analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +syllabification TechTool 0.68 0.05 0.20 0.06 +route finding TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +synchronous grammars TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +sentence-detection TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +aspectual transformation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.01 +telephone quality speech DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.93 +greedy search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +stress prediction TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.02 0.19 +stacked generalization TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.12 0.18 +deictic information other 0.06 0.00 0.94 0.00 +bidirectional chart parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +conceptual dependency theory DSMMM 0.05 0.33 0.20 0.42 +dialogue manager TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.20 0.00 +margin training TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.28 +word dlsamblguation TechTool 0.45 0.28 0.12 0.16 +speech act interpretation other 0.48 0.02 0.48 0.02 +compositiouality TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +negative quantifier Linguistics 0.02 0.72 0.00 0.25 +hierarchical combination TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lexical substitution \ TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +suffix trie construction TechTool 0.76 0.07 0.11 0.05 +probabilistic tree-adjoining grammar TechTool 0.73 0.21 0.00 0.05 +semi-automatic error correction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +tree structures DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.88 +answer\/question translation model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.19 0.78 +aligned sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.87 0.10 0.02 +manual indexing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word class hierarchy DSMMM 0.01 0.42 0.03 0.54 +commercial ir system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +art text classification TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +browser interface TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +statistical evaluation program TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.17 +phonological grammar Linguistics 0.37 0.52 0.04 0.07 +information security community other 0.01 0.02 0.96 0.01 +lexical model DSMMM 0.11 0.22 0.04 0.63 +infomaation extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +tree formation TechTool 0.61 0.07 0.07 0.25 +role disambiguation TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +joseph greenberg TechTool 0.44 0.22 0.33 0.00 +computer program TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.05 0.02 +network learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +1-gram word distribution DSMMM 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.92 +subject-verb agreement Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.08 0.04 +match score calculation DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +fixed smoothing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +polysemy other 0.06 0.06 0.76 0.11 +nbest rescoring TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.12 0.07 +raw text corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.02 0.01 +constituent\/distituent information other 0.03 0.13 0.83 0.01 +multilingual document clustering TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.01 +word distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.73 +prior distribution DSMMM 0.02 0.31 0.16 0.51 +unsupervised summarizer TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +monologue generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +multi-word expression TechTool 0.35 0.29 0.07 0.29 +hand-crafted system TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +accent identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +affix redundancy TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.27 0.21 +lexical lookup TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +parser evaluation method TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +dialogue tagging TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.01 +high quality translation DSMMM 0.28 0.01 0.00 0.71 +tile corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.02 +stem generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +type shifting TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.40 0.03 +character bigrams DSMMM 0.00 0.32 0.03 0.64 +computer vision TechTool 0.62 0.19 0.11 0.08 +classifier stacking TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +non-verbal behavior other 0.01 0.01 0.95 0.03 +feature adding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +assignment algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +linguistic hierarchy DSMMM 0.01 0.41 0.03 0.55 +treebank part-of-speech tag set Linguistics 0.19 0.76 0.05 0.01 +feature graph TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.01 0.48 +sentence comparison TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +table mining other 0.03 0.00 0.66 0.31 +controlled document authoring TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +penguin principle TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.04 0.30 +crf decoding TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +noun Linguistics 0.20 0.47 0.25 0.08 +bikel parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +hierarchical model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +automated contact TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +discourse structure information other 0.02 0.08 0.90 0.00 +head-corner parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +multiple neural network combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +parameter space learnability TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.35 0.05 +natural languages Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.03 0.00 +parse reduction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.09 0.08 +broadcast news corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +crosslinguistic parsing research TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +viterbi parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +heuristic symmetrization TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +contingency table DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +open test Linguistics 0.06 0.67 0.00 0.27 +english-language interface TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +speaker change information other 0.01 0.00 0.94 0.06 +output coding TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.47 0.01 +out-of-vocabulary word Linguistics 0.07 0.77 0.00 0.16 +language interpretation agent TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.05 0.02 +top-down backtracking parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +structural index TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.17 0.07 +context-sensitive spelling correction TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +single-pass complete link clustering TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.00 0.02 +sub-structural alignment TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.19 0.01 +language model automaton DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.01 0.57 +spectral interpretation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.03 0.22 +nonhybrid disambiguation TechTool 0.35 0.33 0.24 0.07 +grammar environment TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.01 +adverb phrase Linguistics 0.13 0.85 0.00 0.02 +document weighting TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +english ibm4 models DSMMM 0.11 0.03 0.00 0.85 +answer resolution algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +phrase-pair selection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +training efficiency DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.81 +random sentence selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +chunking procedure TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text segments other 0.01 0.24 0.75 0.00 +javelin system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +domain-independent parsing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +weblog classifier TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +verb diathesis alternation Linguistics 0.03 0.50 0.47 0.00 +term manipulation DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.02 0.58 +mle reestimation algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +parallel tagging TechTool 0.84 0.15 0.01 0.00 +denominal adjective Linguistics 0.02 0.92 0.02 0.04 +dialogue recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +semi-automatic verb pattern generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +empty categories Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.06 0.00 +segmentation process other 0.37 0.00 0.63 0.00 +sinhala syllabification TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.11 0.02 +dependency kernel TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +sentence scope and structure other 0.07 0.01 0.55 0.37 +gene\/protein name annotation TechTool 0.48 0.32 0.19 0.01 +unification procedure TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +machine classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pocl planning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +subject type-raising other 0.28 0.07 0.65 0.00 +linguistic nativism Linguistics 0.18 0.71 0.08 0.03 +query term DSMMM 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.91 +dialogue acquisition and tracking TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +processing strategy TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +interactive open-domain question answering TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.08 0.00 +atis system TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.00 0.00 +inexact string matching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +language computation TechTool 0.46 0.00 0.14 0.39 +null processing TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +performance DSMMM 0.10 0.27 0.11 0.51 +manual transcription TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +formulas Linguistics 0.21 0.32 0.24 0.23 +german text Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.10 0.00 +dependency network representation DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.69 +triphone smoothing TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +presentational relation other 0.04 0.00 0.87 0.08 +restricted parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +lexical entries other 0.02 0.33 0.65 0.00 +synonym Linguistics 0.20 0.51 0.23 0.06 +idf df TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.19 +document production TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +text-to-speech system \ TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +alignment model adaptation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +graph transducer TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +lexical disambiguation TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.10 0.00 +semantic patternmatching TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.12 0.08 +sbar TechTool 0.57 0.11 0.20 0.12 +cmu sphinx system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multimedia demonstration TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.00 +left-toright maximal matching algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +damerau-levenshtein distance DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.91 +acquisition scenario TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +kernel-based learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +constraint removing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +topicrecognition TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +word information other 0.00 0.03 0.93 0.03 +probabilistic method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +unsupervised alignment model TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +personal computer Linguistics 0.23 0.60 0.17 0.00 +vowel nucleus information other 0.00 0.02 0.94 0.04 +rule-based error corrector TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +affix-stripping approach TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +nl interpretation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.02 +lexicon system Linguistics 0.34 0.65 0.00 0.00 +signal visualization and annotation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.28 0.02 +spontaneous dictation Linguistics 0.24 0.40 0.36 0.00 +alternative marker TechTool 0.51 0.47 0.01 0.00 +term recognition\/classification TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.06 +equation solving TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.02 0.48 +emotional speech other 0.00 0.11 0.85 0.04 +natural language question other 0.24 0.03 0.73 0.00 +speaker identification TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +multimodal language research other 0.41 0.01 0.58 0.00 +weighted finite state acceptor TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +dialog act classification TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +binomial distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.97 +surface representation TechTool 0.41 0.00 0.19 0.39 +model modification TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +translation evaluation TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.03 0.31 +vocabulary selection TechTool 0.77 0.06 0.05 0.12 +entityspecific morphology Linguistics 0.11 0.49 0.27 0.13 +minor phrasing other 0.28 0.01 0.71 0.00 +lexicon management Linguistics 0.42 0.58 0.00 0.00 +numerical constraints other 0.40 0.00 0.56 0.04 +phonemic parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +constraint-propagation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.05 +tuning TechTool 0.63 0.09 0.21 0.07 +screen management TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +error-driven approach TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +self-monitoring TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.01 +active learner TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +switchboard-damsl TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.03 0.00 +transducer probability modeling DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.53 +space insertion TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +thresholding pruning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +kappa Linguistics 0.20 0.36 0.33 0.10 +single clustering TechTool 0.77 0.23 0.00 0.00 +fast mapping TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +domain-independent segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +diagram design other 0.27 0.00 0.71 0.02 +document translation system TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.01 0.01 +discourse-marker-based hypothesizing TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.02 +implicit ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +recognition errors other 0.01 0.00 0.99 0.00 +independent phrase chunking TechTool 0.84 0.16 0.00 0.00 +human conceptualisation other 0.15 0.14 0.65 0.06 +corpus-based question answering Linguistics 0.38 0.56 0.03 0.03 +re-ranking TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.07 0.09 +sentence similarity measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.99 +graph reduction TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.02 0.46 +incremental approximation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.09 0.24 +semantic type other 0.41 0.03 0.49 0.06 +japanese ideogram Linguistics 0.07 0.89 0.03 0.02 +tile lexicon Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.02 0.01 +noun stemming Linguistics 0.15 0.84 0.00 0.00 +vocabulary size DSMMM 0.00 0.06 0.09 0.86 +tree clustering DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +cyk chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +training ( reference ) speaker other 0.26 0.01 0.73 0.00 +keyword identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ontology server TechTool 0.46 0.36 0.18 0.00 +svd analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +domain knowledge manager other 0.26 0.05 0.68 0.00 +membership ambiguity other 0.21 0.00 0.72 0.07 +processing load TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.06 0.47 +one-pass search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +edit-distance-based pattern generalization TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.44 +diphone boundary detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +fsa intersection TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.05 0.25 +finite state device TechTool 0.60 0.01 0.38 0.00 +inflectional category Linguistics 0.06 0.79 0.13 0.01 +adjective phrase Linguistics 0.03 0.82 0.00 0.15 +greek language Linguistics 0.02 0.93 0.04 0.01 +recursive calculation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.02 0.26 +verb group Linguistics 0.00 0.73 0.27 0.00 +word\/phrase translation Linguistics 0.30 0.60 0.01 0.09 +biological entity recognition TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.18 0.02 +syntactic structure Linguistics 0.23 0.55 0.12 0.10 +partial parse TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.06 0.09 +dialogue understanding research TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.46 0.00 +content words Linguistics 0.00 0.79 0.16 0.06 +example-based approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +commentary understanding and generation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +opinion strength other 0.00 0.06 0.54 0.39 +automatic ontology matching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +rosetta translation TechTool 0.82 0.13 0.04 0.00 +query relevance DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.04 0.79 +feature weighting or selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +vector space model DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.67 +broad coverage parsing TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.02 0.14 +k-neighbors other 0.29 0.17 0.53 0.01 +morpbological analysis TechTool 0.71 0.07 0.17 0.05 +exponential loss function DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.89 +reuters data set Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.42 0.06 +air-traffic control TechTool 0.46 0.01 0.13 0.40 +speak language understanding system TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.03 0.05 +categorial lexicon Linguistics 0.06 0.93 0.00 0.00 +inter-categorial paraphrasing TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.00 0.02 +word sense classifier TechTool 0.73 0.26 0.00 0.01 +multilingual text Linguistics 0.11 0.77 0.11 0.00 +intra-sentential zero-anaphora resolution TechTool 0.64 0.34 0.02 0.01 +lexical acquisition technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +surface realization | DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.26 0.41 +case relation other 0.05 0.00 0.78 0.17 +semantic-oriented error correction TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.16 0.06 +sn-mctag TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.01 0.03 +graphic editor TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +unsupervised reestimation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +automated speech recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +human reasoning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +functional aggregation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +target language syntax Linguistics 0.12 0.63 0.20 0.06 +arabic-to-english machine translation TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +cmu informedia TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +multitarget generation TechTool 0.52 0.16 0.18 0.14 +linear-time linearization post-process TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.45 0.03 +digital library TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +semantic item other 0.31 0.02 0.63 0.04 +middle-out parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +phrase concatenation TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.00 0.05 +pitch accent prediction DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.01 0.61 +corpus-based study Linguistics 0.38 0.54 0.03 0.05 +bayesian algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dtw-based speaker adaptation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +we11-formed output other 0.38 0.00 0.60 0.02 +polysemous word Linguistics 0.00 0.87 0.12 0.01 +phonetic transliteration TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.30 0.07 +ontologyalignment TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +Japanese sentence structure DSMMM 0.07 0.45 0.02 0.46 +relevance scoring DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.01 0.58 +ltag TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +boundary identifier TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +semantic preference TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.02 0.35 +conditional probability distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.98 +grammatical-functional information other 0.25 0.14 0.60 0.02 +emotion prediction TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.11 0.11 +categorical ambiguity other 0.12 0.00 0.72 0.16 +empty node resolution TechTool 0.78 0.21 0.01 0.00 +computational corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.09 +vocoder TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +overlap ratio association measure DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +chart-based phrase structure parse TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.11 +phrase boundary TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.02 +recognition task TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.00 +information provision other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +text understanding and learning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +atr process other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.01 +classification error rate DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +ne extraction TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.00 0.08 +word sense interpretation TechTool 0.66 0.25 0.06 0.03 +pattern-based interpretation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.03 0.15 +predictive annotation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +risk minimization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.03 +rtf output other 0.02 0.00 0.94 0.04 +ar algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +parsing information other 0.21 0.00 0.78 0.01 +constituent boundary parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +task-oriented evaluation TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.02 +relation detection and classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +association principle TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +nwise-consistency DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.10 0.57 +dative movement other 0.26 0.28 0.41 0.06 +part-of-speech tag TechTool 0.67 0.31 0.02 0.00 +non-word error correction TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.13 0.38 +speaker-independent phoneme recognition TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +gisting evaluation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.03 0.16 +word sense classification TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.01 0.01 +rfm estimation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +system-oriented evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.12 0.02 +dialogue strategy selection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +discourse macro structure Linguistics 0.20 0.59 0.05 0.16 +monolingual clustering TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.00 0.05 +hybrid summarization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +noisy channel spelling TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.32 0.04 +system combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +statistical acquisition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +spelling suggestion TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.00 +frame semantics paradigm Linguistics 0.19 0.79 0.02 0.01 +deduction system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +entity tagging TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.12 0.06 +np head Linguistics 0.00 0.51 0.19 0.30 +semantic categorization problem other 0.45 0.00 0.55 0.00 +speech act other 0.02 0.14 0.82 0.01 +sequence scoring TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +multi-lingual text-to-speech TechTool 0.83 0.12 0.05 0.01 +motor control other 0.38 0.00 0.49 0.13 +n-gram clustering TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.00 0.33 +association strength DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.96 +knowledge summarization TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +corpus-based evaluation TechTool 0.69 0.10 0.00 0.21 +hpsg generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multi-class classi cation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +multiple-choice synonym test TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.03 0.00 +automated indexing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +affix analysis TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +adjectival subcategorization Linguistics 0.29 0.70 0.01 0.00 +bilingual text Linguistics 0.01 0.91 0.08 0.00 +sentence aggregation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.05 0.06 +hierarchical knowledge representation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.01 +semantic interpretation \ TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.01 0.03 +nlp shell TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.05 0.00 +consistency checking TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.01 0.49 +recall DSMMM 0.09 0.29 0.17 0.45 +phrasing other 0.33 0.03 0.60 0.03 +english word-dependency Linguistics 0.24 0.63 0.02 0.10 +syntactic combiner TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.01 0.01 +discourse history Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.45 0.02 +middle eastern languages Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.04 0.07 +new event detection TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +constraint-satisfaction inference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +case notation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.06 0.08 +corpus marking Linguistics 0.04 0.93 0.02 0.01 +maps TechTool 0.44 0.16 0.29 0.11 +flat-probability grouping TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.01 0.23 +concurrent computation model TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +text retrieval application TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sense disambiguation model TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +robust text analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +classi cation accuracy TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.09 0.43 +s-stemmer TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +fast tree-trellis TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +markov models DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.79 +annotation technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +delta energy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.96 +tag sequence other 0.34 0.32 0.34 0.00 +ai search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +symbolic logic TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +time-synchronous decoding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +large scale corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.00 0.07 +dialogue efficiency DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.52 +node-based inference TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +attribute-selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +corpus development Linguistics 0.07 0.91 0.02 0.00 +analogy-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +informatio n extraction TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.03 0.02 +initial query construction TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +information storage other 0.45 0.00 0.54 0.01 +information retrieval engine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +string match feature TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.45 +memory-based approach \ TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +error-driven learning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +unsupervised morphology induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +noun phrase detection TechTool 0.75 0.21 0.00 0.04 +text categorization method TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +score assignment DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.68 +interdisciplinary theory other 0.05 0.35 0.59 0.01 +continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +naive bayes networks TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +translation model induction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.12 +si modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sentence-clustering approach TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +probabilistic parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +cyk algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +boundary classification task TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +shallow screening TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.03 0.03 +confidence measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +training speaker other 0.09 0.02 0.87 0.02 +language understanding model DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.74 +overt case marker Linguistics 0.41 0.55 0.03 0.01 +bigram pruning TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +optimization procedure TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +temporal extension TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.01 +experimental results other 0.02 0.00 0.85 0.13 +automatic scoring TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +semantic knowledge base other 0.06 0.07 0.86 0.02 +information-theoretic similarity theorem TechTool 0.41 0.01 0.32 0.26 +term acquisition TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +dynamic programruing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +tease algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +wsj csr TechTool 0.62 0.23 0.06 0.10 +bitext locating TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.07 0.05 +state transition model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.84 +linguistic theory Linguistics 0.03 0.59 0.37 0.01 +hamming distance algorithm DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.02 0.67 +debugging TechTool 0.69 0.11 0.08 0.11 +named entity alignment TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.02 0.02 +feature weighting and selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +relevance assessment evaluation DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.05 0.55 +dictionary consulting TechTool 0.69 0.29 0.00 0.02 +dictionar extraction TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +anaphoricity classifier TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +pattern acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +intercluster similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.94 +annotated dataset Linguistics 0.15 0.79 0.05 0.00 +ied kernel TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +webgenre TechTool 0.64 0.15 0.13 0.08 +matrix permutation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.01 +data classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +alphabetic writing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +humor-recognizer TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +chart TechTool 0.47 0.31 0.16 0.06 +ne translation Linguistics 0.33 0.56 0.02 0.09 +comparative reconstruction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +automatic discourse analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +pairwise similarity measure DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.98 +ne system TechTool 0.82 0.12 0.00 0.06 +problem-solving process other 0.45 0.00 0.55 0.00 +decision-making process TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +domain disambiguation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +grammatical type Linguistics 0.12 0.53 0.32 0.02 +syntactic parse-tree DSMMM 0.25 0.16 0.02 0.57 +set partitioning problem other 0.14 0.00 0.86 0.00 +clarification subdialogue TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +translation task other 0.14 0.00 0.86 0.00 +approach to transliteration TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +path value DSMMM 0.06 0.05 0.00 0.89 +multi-document generic text summarization TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.01 0.00 +categorization learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +cascaded chucking DSMMM 0.22 0.21 0.27 0.31 +dag unification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +broad coverage lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.87 0.02 0.11 +dimensionality-reduction TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.29 +lattices Linguistics 0.22 0.34 0.23 0.21 +phrasal alignment TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.00 0.06 +null hypothesis other 0.09 0.01 0.76 0.14 +lexical discrimination TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.20 0.00 +head-driven grammar evaluation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +bag-of-word query model DSMMM 0.33 0.05 0.00 0.62 +open domain text Linguistics 0.03 0.66 0.31 0.01 +string matching TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.09 +resource sharing other 0.38 0.00 0.44 0.18 +cluster identification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +translation scoring TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +multilingual similarity DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.91 +inflection system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +inter-coder reliability analysis TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.02 0.22 +syntactic completion TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.02 +summanzatmn TechTool 0.75 0.08 0.09 0.09 +word lattice parsing TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.26 +quantifier raising TechTool 0.72 0.04 0.00 0.23 +greedy optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +dynamic-programming beam search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +factorisation TechTool 0.48 0.20 0.16 0.16 +annie system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +nolem TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +mle channel model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +grammar interpretation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.06 +tile model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +english-portuguese translation Linguistics 0.44 0.55 0.00 0.00 +segmentation accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +manually sense-tagged datum Linguistics 0.31 0.68 0.01 0.01 +perceptual system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +generalized lr parser\/compiler TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +parsability constraint TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.29 0.08 +proof reading TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.01 +logical model DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.76 +event occurrence detection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +unsupervised language learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +unsupervised attachment disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +muc-5 evaluation TechTool 0.44 0.01 0.35 0.20 +russellian theory Linguistics 0.04 0.50 0.44 0.02 +arabic segmentation system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +nlp tasks other 0.31 0.00 0.69 0.00 +calculation mechanism TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +hansard corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +statistical testing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +automatic document abstracting TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +finite state machine TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.30 0.00 +syntactic trees Linguistics 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.21 +document viewer and extraction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +syntax theory other 0.05 0.14 0.80 0.01 +interlingua text Linguistics 0.03 0.85 0.12 0.00 +interactive text understanding TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +name matching TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +implicit selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +string similarity computation DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.03 0.67 +common word lexicon Linguistics 0.02 0.93 0.03 0.02 +hebbian algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +scf extraction system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +transformation rule TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +denominations Linguistics 0.14 0.50 0.20 0.16 +collocative meaning Linguistics 0.04 0.82 0.13 0.02 +auditory model DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +macintosh common lisp TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.05 0.00 +monotonous speech synthesis TechTool 0.62 0.01 0.36 0.01 +acoustic analyser TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.10 0.30 +speech-act indirectness other 0.13 0.05 0.81 0.02 +tree representation DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.75 +likelihood function DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +battle planning and management TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +acoustic modeling TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.01 0.32 +noun identification TechTool 0.75 0.24 0.00 0.00 +multi-party speech Linguistics 0.28 0.47 0.24 0.00 +parse disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +randomization TechTool 0.55 0.06 0.31 0.08 +timeml TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +proof presentation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +dialogue module TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.00 +interactive cross-language information access other 0.47 0.00 0.50 0.02 +accessibility factor other 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.30 +statistical smoothing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +glossary construction TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.01 +machine learner TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +letter-to-sound generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +formal language theory Linguistics 0.03 0.49 0.44 0.04 +local frequency count DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +Arabic Linguistics 0.24 0.55 0.15 0.06 +model estimation and decoding TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +scoring function TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.02 0.47 +graph disjunction elimination TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.06 +finite-state recognition TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +approximate randomization test DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.79 +t-he dismissal TechTool 0.51 0.46 0.03 0.01 +tagger generator TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +speech recogntion benchmark Linguistics 0.22 0.64 0.12 0.02 +dialogue evaluation TechTool 0.59 0.01 0.05 0.36 +system user TechTool 0.63 0.02 0.35 0.00 +asymmetric alignment TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +temporal reasoning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +kaplan-kay TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +linguistic transfer procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +ensemble interval histogram TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +search method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +corpus harvesting Linguistics 0.10 0.88 0.02 0.01 +plausibility network DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.96 +np-hard problem other 0.27 0.00 0.72 0.01 +decisionmaking TechTool 0.52 0.10 0.27 0.11 +conflicts resolution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +text categorization evaluation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +leave-one-out cross-validation evaluation TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.01 0.03 +hybrid technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +main verb identification TechTool 0.69 0.30 0.01 0.00 +telephone communication other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +capitalization Linguistics 0.07 0.52 0.37 0.05 +cognate indentification TechTool 0.59 0.14 0.14 0.12 +collective-distributive ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +probabilistic text categorzafion TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +text translation probability DSMMM 0.00 0.14 0.09 0.76 +project scheduling TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.33 0.00 +boolean constraint TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +metaphor other 0.22 0.34 0.39 0.06 +evaluation methodology DSMMM 0.31 0.04 0.08 0.58 +sentence realization TechTool 0.56 0.02 0.08 0.34 +category disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.00 +hybrid inferencing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unknown word recognition TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +oov handling TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +procedural categorisation TechTool 0.80 0.12 0.07 0.00 +actor computation model DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +pdtb design other 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +construction technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +rule learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +speech machine translation TechTool 0.84 0.07 0.05 0.03 +bilingual lexicons Linguistics 0.04 0.92 0.00 0.04 +time-synchronous recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +backoff bigram DSMMM 0.49 0.01 0.00 0.50 +stepwise translation TechTool 0.80 0.13 0.05 0.02 +joint parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +information need other 0.01 0.00 0.91 0.09 +speech recognition search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +artificial corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +pronominal binding TechTool 0.62 0.13 0.22 0.03 +darpa resource management corpus Linguistics 0.05 0.95 0.00 0.00 +morphological information other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.00 +word\/phrase alignment TechTool 0.60 0.25 0.00 0.14 +metonymic inference rule TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +stochastic word tagger TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +dialogue agent TechTool 0.67 0.29 0.04 0.00 +generative probability DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.96 +lexemes Linguistics 0.15 0.53 0.24 0.08 +compound noun analysis Linguistics 0.35 0.64 0.00 0.01 +off-the-shelf machine translation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.01 0.11 +mwes TechTool 0.45 0.16 0.29 0.10 +indexing mechanism TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +extrinsic evaluation method TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.41 +monolingual paraphrase Linguistics 0.16 0.67 0.07 0.10 +cue phrase identification TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.00 0.01 +plan-based dialogue understanding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +literary analysis TechTool 0.76 0.07 0.17 0.00 +linguistic anotation framework TechTool 0.87 0.09 0.03 0.01 +restoration other 0.27 0.12 0.42 0.19 +question answering task other 0.38 0.00 0.61 0.00 +local dependency TechTool 0.57 0.01 0.06 0.36 +eft-to-right parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +speech prosody other 0.02 0.38 0.51 0.09 +opinionhood determination TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +phrase-tophrase alignment TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.00 0.05 +numerical evaluation function DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.83 +phonetic mapping TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.45 0.02 +user-assisted search refinement TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +lexicon augmentation Linguistics 0.07 0.86 0.06 0.01 +ace corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +knowledge inheritance and reuse TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.01 +language modeling and parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.07 0.04 +frame-semantic approach TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +maximum-entropy model DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.75 +syntax selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +morphological learning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +independence model DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +tinysvm software package TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +grammatical encoding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +map database DSMMM 0.21 0.25 0.18 0.35 +human intelligence Linguistics 0.19 0.70 0.10 0.00 +proof generation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +knowledge-based natural language processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +pairedness determination TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.03 +aspect marker presence other 0.03 0.06 0.90 0.00 +globalphone corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.04 +parsing technology TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +user satisfaction survey TechTool 0.44 0.00 0.41 0.15 +srhs TechTool 0.71 0.12 0.08 0.09 +finite-state transduction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +knn classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +natural language analysis TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.00 +high-compression summarisation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +context uncertainty other 0.02 0.00 0.96 0.02 +phase alignment TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.00 +microprocessor TechTool 0.56 0.19 0.15 0.11 +sub-grammar TechTool 0.47 0.40 0.08 0.05 +conjunction scope TechTool 0.60 0.26 0.14 0.00 +feature discretisation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +horn-clause theorem-prover TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +syntactically motivate phrase Linguistics 0.05 0.83 0.08 0.04 +manual intervention TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +geographical description other 0.19 0.12 0.62 0.07 +russian transliteration Linguistics 0.11 0.86 0.03 0.01 +tcc corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.02 +chunk phrase type TechTool 0.49 0.13 0.07 0.31 +resource-rich language Linguistics 0.37 0.62 0.01 0.00 +document similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.97 +translation evaluation corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.34 +error diagnosis TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.29 0.09 +post-mortem parsing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +spoken-language understanding TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +penn wsj treebank Linguistics 0.02 0.87 0.11 0.00 +unrestricted text processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +atn compiler TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +english-korean transliteration model DSMMM 0.18 0.07 0.00 0.75 +cocke-kasami-younger parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +link type information other 0.07 0.00 0.92 0.01 +deep text understanding TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.07 0.01 +language understandlnu TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +markov alignment model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +language understandlng TechTool 0.63 0.10 0.16 0.12 +Multimedia answers other 0.16 0.13 0.70 0.01 +speech translator other 0.36 0.17 0.36 0.11 +first argument indexing TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +feature specification TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.09 0.07 +acronym identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +phoneme error rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.95 +paragraph formation TechTool 0.54 0.08 0.37 0.01 +focus determination other 0.18 0.00 0.77 0.05 +identification module TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +speech and information retrieval TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.19 0.02 +non-projective labeled dependency parsing TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.05 0.12 +tile reduction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.12 0.03 +story identification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +rank aggregation TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.13 0.34 +levantine phonology Linguistics 0.02 0.83 0.04 0.11 +inflectional process other 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.00 +coherence rules TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.08 0.42 +n-best search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +training documents Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.05 0.02 +feature-based unification grammar TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +extraction capability TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +learning task other 0.38 0.00 0.62 0.00 +likelihood estimation method TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +flat-depth grouping TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.15 0.03 +log-linear combination TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +prosodic representation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +informal spoken language Linguistics 0.21 0.58 0.21 0.00 +machine translation and interpretation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.34 0.06 +laplacian embedding TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.18 +event sequence likelihood DSMMM 0.03 0.10 0.40 0.46 +statistical\/machine learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +node packing TechTool 0.85 0.04 0.01 0.10 +hardware verification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +automated text categorization TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +word conversion TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.34 0.01 +parallel corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 +annotated text corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +ravenclaw TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +parameter setting TechTool 0.36 0.00 0.36 0.28 +user utterance other 0.01 0.29 0.65 0.05 +word-based clarification TechTool 0.82 0.13 0.02 0.04 +control agreement principle DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.04 0.66 +spectral clustering TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +expository text Linguistics 0.02 0.59 0.39 0.00 +automated tutoring TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +noun sequence Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.04 0.00 +driver information other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.00 +fixed alignment TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +instructional text generation TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.21 0.00 +document sentiment Linguistics 0.01 0.74 0.22 0.03 +ellipsis reconstruction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +computational discovery TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +non-deterministic search TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.09 0.04 +temporal annotation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +crosslinguistic parallelism other 0.15 0.00 0.79 0.07 +value expression DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.96 +machine leaning TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.23 0.21 +declarative representation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.05 +name identification TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +eigenvector centrality DSMMM 0.08 0.07 0.24 0.61 +fsm technology TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.05 0.00 +pos tag feature TechTool 0.85 0.09 0.03 0.02 +finite-state technology TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.12 0.00 +grid-based line optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +langauge processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +human language learner TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.17 0.01 +coding module TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +morphological parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +wordcompletion TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +suffix Linguistics 0.11 0.66 0.13 0.10 +tree induction algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +location name Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.14 0.02 +multi-modal dialogue Linguistics 0.46 0.51 0.04 0.00 +monolingual dictionary Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.01 +named entity corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.02 +english ne recognition method TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.00 0.05 +atn parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic tag TechTool 0.67 0.25 0.07 0.01 +phrase ellipsis TechTool 0.88 0.08 0.03 0.00 +recognition process other 0.28 0.00 0.72 0.00 +ambiguous segmentation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +symbolic algebra TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.01 0.09 +heterogeneous uncertainty sampling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.01 +np identification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +ambiguity representation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.21 0.18 +thai-english language identification TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.03 0.01 +morph TechTool 0.47 0.23 0.18 0.12 +automatic query expansion TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +best-first agenda processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +annphora resolution Linguistics 0.21 0.44 0.21 0.14 +locality preserving indexing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +transducer TechTool 0.46 0.18 0.21 0.15 +network-based access TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.41 +interactive planning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +left corner parsing TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.26 0.04 +pronunciation learning TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +svm-d TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +chinese speech ner TechTool 0.79 0.07 0.02 0.12 +subject honorification Linguistics 0.01 0.53 0.47 0.00 +annotated sentence extraction TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.00 0.03 +proper name recognition TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.00 +compound extraction TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.01 +hapax legomenon TechTool 0.51 0.12 0.12 0.25 +story detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +rule-based traverse TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +depth-first search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +thm annotation TechTool 0.80 0.06 0.13 0.00 +knowledge structuring other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +deep understanding TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.04 0.03 +surface generation component other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +unification approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialog manager TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.10 0.00 +technical documenlatioii TechTool 0.62 0.13 0.12 0.13 +full-text retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialog system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +textalignment TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +rcgs TechTool 0.59 0.19 0.15 0.07 +semantic analysis program TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +reversible grammar TechTool 0.76 0.18 0.02 0.04 +search space pruning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +unstressed vowel Linguistics 0.01 0.54 0.36 0.08 +structural transfer TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.04 0.05 +person name match DSMMM 0.25 0.35 0.02 0.38 +segment classification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +communicative meaning Linguistics 0.03 0.65 0.31 0.00 +parsing grammar TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +amendment-based evaluation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +tile construction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +idiomatic expressions Linguistics 0.00 0.81 0.16 0.03 +timeml annotation scheme TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +knowledge other 0.17 0.13 0.54 0.15 +abductive inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +information retrieval and storage TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.10 0.04 +situation recognition TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +projection technique TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +tag set Linguistics 0.07 0.59 0.33 0.01 +word-processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +intelligent text retrieval TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +focus shift other 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.36 +evaluation experiment DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.87 +speech recognition transcription TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.01 +tsnlp framework TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.03 0.00 +representation structures TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.05 0.21 +local reordering TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +english-french lexicon Linguistics 0.02 0.98 0.00 0.01 +human scorer agreement DSMMM 0.02 0.04 0.33 0.61 +agglomerative method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +manifold regularization TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.06 0.02 +semi-automatic corpus analysis TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +predicative block Linguistics 0.18 0.36 0.13 0.33 +inferencing TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.17 0.04 +thesaurus production TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.02 0.00 +approximate text search TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +systematic ambiguity other 0.12 0.00 0.88 0.00 +predicate decomposition TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.02 0.19 +maximum entropy framework TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +computer conferencing TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.03 0.03 +compound noun Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +question answering evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.07 0.07 +experimental setting TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.40 0.13 +voicemail transcription TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.14 0.02 +dimension expansion TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.02 0.39 +high-frequency occurrence DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.01 0.58 +unsupervised estimation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +newspaper processing TechTool 0.56 0.44 0.01 0.00 +phrase structure induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +similarity-based learning TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.20 +nlp system development TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +paragraph insertion TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.01 +ranking dependency DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.02 0.77 +weight space DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +color change detection TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.02 0.21 +semantic parse TechTool 0.69 0.14 0.05 0.12 +head matching TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +conceptual inference TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +word handling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +adaptive topic-probability estimation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.00 0.08 +speech act classifier TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.05 0.00 +parser comparison TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +information redundancy other 0.03 0.00 0.95 0.02 +decision-tree induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +cross-entropy minimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +inductive dependency parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +translingual retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +inductive-learning decision-tree TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +entailment recognition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +morphological treatment other 0.44 0.06 0.50 0.00 +n-gram-based text categorisation TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.07 0.10 +focus assignment other 0.03 0.00 0.92 0.05 +citation feature TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.19 0.10 +language reception Linguistics 0.07 0.51 0.36 0.06 +grammar inducing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.05 +statistical t-test TechTool 0.69 0.28 0.00 0.02 +naive bayesian TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unidirectional grammar-based medical speech translation TechTool 0.74 0.23 0.02 0.01 +prop-bank Linguistics 0.44 0.46 0.00 0.09 +contemporary english Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.10 0.00 +computational inference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +quality-based selection TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +parallel-processing TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +matrix vocoder TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.05 +source language sentence Linguistics 0.03 0.80 0.14 0.03 +information annotation other 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.00 +wordnet senses Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +mt-based paraphrasing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +short term memory DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.25 0.55 +word compounding Linguistics 0.21 0.45 0.31 0.02 +numerical classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +seeds generation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +component communication other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +communicative interaction other 0.30 0.00 0.70 0.00 +agile multilingual content workflow TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.19 0.00 +event-based programming model DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.54 +discourse segment tagging TechTool 0.61 0.07 0.32 0.01 +speech recognition \/ TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.03 0.02 +data structure DSMMM 0.01 0.34 0.19 0.46 +n-best list parsing TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.01 +error detection and repair TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +subdialogue TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.15 0.10 +incremental chart parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +free text representation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +syntactic sub-category Linguistics 0.14 0.51 0.33 0.02 +treebank tag set Linguistics 0.01 0.80 0.17 0.02 +retrieval systems TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +automatic knowledge extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +hypertext construction TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +language learning and use other 0.29 0.00 0.64 0.07 +cost partitioning DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.79 +identity check TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.16 0.37 +gradual approximation DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.10 0.78 +legal reasoning TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +text plan other 0.30 0.01 0.68 0.02 +automatic understanding TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +relative clause formation TechTool 0.71 0.11 0.18 0.00 +bayesian belief network TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.03 0.23 +system performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +pcfg estimation TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +speech synthesis technology TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +basenp identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +greedy learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +event-aligner component TechTool 0.81 0.04 0.14 0.01 +c-k-y recognition TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.07 0.01 +mail transfer protocol TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +roget ' thesaurus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.00 +text-translation alignment TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.03 0.01 +speech stream TechTool 0.45 0.18 0.33 0.04 +phrase category Linguistics 0.06 0.61 0.01 0.32 +indexation system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +inference theory TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +interface algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +offline manual editing processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +finite state model ( fsm ) TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +statistical parameter estimation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +automatic summarization evaluation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +message processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +software configuration TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.16 0.00 +problem solving TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +centering theory Linguistics 0.14 0.43 0.42 0.01 +mathematical expression DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.14 0.81 +essay paraphrasing system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +morphological component other 0.14 0.01 0.85 0.00 +distribution matrix DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +large reference corpora Linguistics 0.15 0.82 0.02 0.00 +intonation unit boundary TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.18 0.01 +context sharing other 0.43 0.00 0.48 0.09 +hypemym TechTool 0.61 0.17 0.12 0.10 +metaphone spelling-correction algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +distributional word clustering TechTool 0.69 0.11 0.00 0.20 +grammar re-estimation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +foreign language tutoring other 0.09 0.20 0.72 0.00 +information-based case grammar TechTool 0.74 0.01 0.07 0.18 +case identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +bilingual lexicon construction Linguistics 0.18 0.79 0.02 0.01 +anaphor resolver TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.03 0.02 +spelling-checkers TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.01 +natural-language translation TechTool 0.88 0.08 0.04 0.00 +one learning TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.00 +pronunciation optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +information retrieval community other 0.13 0.00 0.82 0.05 +direct recognition TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +inversion transduction grammars TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +levenshtein TechTool 0.62 0.12 0.14 0.12 +application programming interface TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +compiler writing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +argument positioning other 0.13 0.40 0.46 0.01 +direct modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +correlational clustering TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.00 0.07 +automatic query building TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +subcategorisation behavior other 0.01 0.00 0.88 0.11 +cp finding TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.21 0.02 +hastiness other 0.05 0.10 0.69 0.16 +markov modelling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +retrieval task TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +svms TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +dictionary-based term recognition TechTool 0.81 0.06 0.01 0.12 +frequency-controlled pseudoword disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +sentence-to-sentence translation TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.00 0.14 +inachine learning TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +information organization other 0.02 0.00 0.94 0.04 +context-free constituent TechTool 0.79 0.04 0.16 0.01 +tree-to-tree alignment TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.24 +supervised relation extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tile prediction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +binary splitting TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +central search server TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +semantic parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +data corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.09 +conversational intelligence TechTool 0.53 0.27 0.20 0.00 +subword indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +natural language Linguistics 0.17 0.72 0.11 0.00 +word form Linguistics 0.03 0.61 0.18 0.18 +phrase generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +incremental pruning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +mapping method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automaton-based approach TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +levenshtein edit distance DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.97 +incremental error reduction TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.05 0.19 +lexical optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +relevance feedback engine TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.36 0.06 +japanese word segmentation TechTool 0.79 0.19 0.01 0.00 +n-gram extraction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.15 +feature design TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +semantic determination TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +information-seeking discourse other 0.26 0.01 0.73 0.00 +probabilistic modeling approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +argument position other 0.00 0.36 0.62 0.02 +non-compositional interpretation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.06 0.06 +text-only feature set TechTool 0.58 0.34 0.03 0.05 +bayesian clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +variable-length mutual information modeling TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.30 +probability density DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +compound interpretation TechTool 0.67 0.27 0.02 0.03 +modeling dialogue processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sentence processing and analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +component inter-communication other 0.19 0.00 0.80 0.00 +trigram acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +systematic generalization TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.30 0.02 +the discrimination capacity DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.08 0.85 +supervised sense tagger TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.01 0.00 +head feature principle TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.08 0.20 +syntactic\/semantic parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +interactive information discovery TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +word-correction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +web mining TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.03 0.02 +error-driven algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +confidence assessment DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.04 0.83 +da recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +systematic covariation other 0.33 0.04 0.63 0.00 +semantic evidence other 0.39 0.17 0.42 0.02 +upper-layer ontology TechTool 0.67 0.07 0.00 0.26 +spearman rank correlation DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.89 +two-step optimization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +automatic term recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +discourse segment other 0.13 0.26 0.59 0.01 +web-based english-korean machine translation system TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.01 0.04 +real-time recognition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +lexical recurrence other 0.33 0.16 0.51 0.00 +german inflection Linguistics 0.02 0.86 0.12 0.00 +word-net TechTool 0.57 0.28 0.01 0.14 +agenda-based parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +timeml timex3 standard TechTool 0.60 0.30 0.09 0.02 +sentence-extraction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +tree selection TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +text pre-storage TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.25 0.05 +incremental adaptation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +part-of-speech annotation TechTool 0.84 0.13 0.03 0.00 +computer testing TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +graph compression TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.01 0.48 +detection function TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +broadcasting corporation TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.21 0.00 +top-down goal expansion TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.15 0.03 +hypernym tree DSMMM 0.00 0.38 0.01 0.60 +left-associative parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +cosine coefficient DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +computer technology TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.07 0.00 +iterative-classification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +suffix identification TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +linguistic theorising Linguistics 0.36 0.43 0.15 0.06 +k-nearest-neighbor classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +behavior analysis other 0.12 0.00 0.84 0.04 +lexical access TechTool 0.74 0.10 0.16 0.00 +ipa mapping TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +token promotion TechTool 0.43 0.31 0.22 0.04 +e-commerce other 0.39 0.10 0.52 0.00 +cue phrase Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.00 0.03 +tokenization disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lcs calculation TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +coarse-to-fine analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +f-structures evaluation DSMMM 0.23 0.04 0.02 0.72 +document preprocessing TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +computerresponse selection TechTool 0.48 0.08 0.35 0.10 +word-classification algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +steepest descent search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +channel modeling TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.26 +bag-of-words and segment order-sensitive string comparison method TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +semantic priming other 0.42 0.00 0.53 0.05 +thematic marker Linguistics 0.33 0.65 0.01 0.00 +robust speech recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +syntactic constituency information other 0.02 0.04 0.94 0.00 +frequency correlation DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +ner model DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.66 +part-of speech tagging TechTool 0.83 0.11 0.05 0.00 +sequence recognition TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +structure optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +combinational ambiguity other 0.11 0.00 0.86 0.03 +information merging other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +parallel generation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +manual query construction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +computational algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +upward search TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +scopal polarity Linguistics 0.27 0.35 0.32 0.07 +interpretation rules TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.03 +co-occurrence TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.28 0.07 +muc scoring algorithm TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.12 +ocr performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +statistical rule induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +morphological lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.05 0.00 +referential expression generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.07 +passage selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +fuzzy clustering TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +constraint relaxation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +fine-grained pruning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +foreign-name Linguistics 0.19 0.79 0.02 0.01 +representation format TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +nominal anaphor Linguistics 0.09 0.86 0.05 0.00 +online large margin learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +syntax-based resolution TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +asr language model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.87 +distance search DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.85 +acronym extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +boosting TechTool 0.65 0.07 0.18 0.10 +external phrase-structure TechTool 0.54 0.36 0.00 0.09 +document presentation other 0.42 0.00 0.57 0.01 +scoring metric DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.59 +industrial information technology other 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +upuc corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +physical gesture recognition other 0.40 0.00 0.60 0.00 +one-against-all learning TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.01 +text formatting TechTool 0.49 0.12 0.39 0.00 +narrative discourse Linguistics 0.01 0.65 0.34 0.00 +acquisition software TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +metonymic language use TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.30 0.17 +quantificalion TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +grammar-based generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +threshold determination DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.01 0.65 +evidential reasoning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +information delivery other 0.18 0.00 0.82 0.00 +corpus Linguistics 0.04 0.75 0.10 0.11 +on-line recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +ambiguity-preserving translation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.12 0.03 +case-assignment TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +template construction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +sense discovering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +multiword expressions Linguistics 0.00 0.65 0.33 0.03 +off-line compilation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +on-line learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +surface generation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.01 +bnc sampler corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.10 +n-gram DSMMM 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.90 +feature aggregation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +discourse constituent Linguistics 0.01 0.74 0.24 0.00 +syntactical analysis TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.01 +lm adaptation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +hpsg-style feature TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +viterbi search algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +distance-weighted averaging DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.01 0.87 +dependency parse tree DSMMM 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.86 +sentence composition DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.90 +lambek sequent theorem proving TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +statistic TechTool 0.34 0.22 0.19 0.25 +nomlex TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +comparison function TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +composite structure TechTool 0.38 0.37 0.02 0.23 +concept unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +speech technology research other 0.33 0.07 0.60 0.00 +information linking other 0.32 0.00 0.66 0.01 +web-derived answer other 0.10 0.06 0.67 0.17 +large-vocabulary language modeling TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 +linguistic index TechTool 0.54 0.24 0.07 0.15 +probabilistic decision tree TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +goal skipping other 0.36 0.00 0.64 0.00 +statistical machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +foreground lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.02 0.02 +lexical entailment criterion other 0.21 0.02 0.75 0.03 +ucego TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +generative programming TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.02 +entity identifier TechTool 0.59 0.21 0.12 0.07 +text matching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +interpretation accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +geometric mean DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.92 +hbm training TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.04 0.02 +base noun Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.00 0.01 +english meaning representation TechTool 0.60 0.25 0.03 0.12 +velar harmony other 0.33 0.15 0.50 0.02 +model selection criterion TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +dependency modeling group TechTool 0.67 0.03 0.21 0.09 +categorization scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +clump generation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +interface toolkit TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +database querying TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +discourse composition DSMMM 0.26 0.11 0.29 0.34 +document alignment TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +trw systems development TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +classifler TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +manual word alignments Linguistics 0.09 0.81 0.09 0.01 +dichotomy coefficient DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.02 0.90 +rule-based phrasing algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +hyper-parameter estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +interaction process other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +model smoothing TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +lr parser generator TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +term intersubjectivity DSMMM 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.78 +model refinement TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +structure of the sentence TechTool 0.48 0.43 0.01 0.08 +surface realization other 0.27 0.00 0.65 0.07 +alignment combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linear logic TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +np-detection TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.03 +translation lexicon induction TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.05 0.01 +bu-lc parser TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.01 0.00 +statistical method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +human transcription TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.36 0.01 +forward-reasoning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +attribute type other 0.43 0.02 0.47 0.08 +stochastic tagger TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +parse scoring TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +french-japanese dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.98 0.00 0.00 +language engineering TechTool 0.79 0.14 0.06 0.01 +english verb particle Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +dependency link DSMMM 0.29 0.01 0.08 0.62 +treebank randomization TechTool 0.37 0.16 0.37 0.10 +headline generator TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.00 +question-driven retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +training instance selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +ontology population Linguistics 0.00 0.51 0.06 0.43 +lazy unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +context-sensitive parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +rhetoric-based planner TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.01 +discourse structuring TechTool 0.77 0.03 0.20 0.00 +universal grammar TechTool 0.48 0.44 0.00 0.08 +non-parametric estimation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.10 +user-delined inheritance TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.04 +island parsing research TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +preposition lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +top-down planning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +trainable sentence planner TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +anchors Linguistics 0.29 0.29 0.25 0.16 +medical web search TechTool 0.50 0.32 0.10 0.09 +simulated anneal approach TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +formalization TechTool 0.44 0.07 0.42 0.07 +chunker TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.05 0.08 +Spoken language translation TechTool 0.71 0.23 0.06 0.00 +language grounding other 0.29 0.04 0.60 0.07 +discourse processing \ TechTool 0.88 0.12 0.00 0.00 +automatic generation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +grammars TechTool 0.50 0.31 0.12 0.06 +baum-welch estimation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +pathology TechTool 0.48 0.19 0.13 0.19 +lexical information other 0.01 0.07 0.93 0.00 +identification accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +derivational affixation TechTool 0.58 0.19 0.22 0.01 +instrumentation TechTool 0.59 0.16 0.11 0.14 +topic marker Linguistics 0.16 0.74 0.10 0.01 +decision-making TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +query language Linguistics 0.18 0.43 0.07 0.32 +dynamic programming beam-search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +monolingual selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +document gisting TechTool 0.75 0.16 0.08 0.01 +tree splitting DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.03 0.59 +lexical data-base Linguistics 0.05 0.53 0.37 0.05 +conditional estimation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +structural translation TechTool 0.77 0.04 0.18 0.01 +lexical acquistilion other 0.39 0.06 0.46 0.10 +latlice n-best algorithms TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +plan tracking TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.00 +syntactic preference modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +beam decoder TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +adaptive conceptual word sense disambiguation TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.01 +evolutionary computation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.06 0.14 +post-modifying sentence adverb TechTool 0.81 0.06 0.06 0.08 +overlap measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +ontology description Linguistics 0.16 0.67 0.11 0.06 +hmm-based alphadigit recognizer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +break index detection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +word transducers TechTool 0.87 0.09 0.01 0.03 +maximum likelihood optimization TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +valency other 0.18 0.12 0.48 0.21 +biography generation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +Slovak Linguistics 0.19 0.61 0.16 0.05 +syntagmatic relationship other 0.01 0.00 0.70 0.29 +selection mechanism TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +brown tagset Linguistics 0.34 0.65 0.00 0.01 +maxlikelihood TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +sentence co-occurrences other 0.11 0.10 0.64 0.15 +automatic word alignment TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +pre-translation document expansion TechTool 0.79 0.07 0.08 0.07 +german surface structure Linguistics 0.01 0.69 0.19 0.11 +phone n-gram model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.97 +web-page structuring TechTool 0.57 0.24 0.07 0.12 +katakana transliteration Linguistics 0.34 0.57 0.04 0.05 +pos kernel TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +automatic mt TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tracking procedure TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +tree-based error correction TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.45 +conventional adaptation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +spoken language evaluation TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.05 0.07 +spurt segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +target grammar Linguistics 0.32 0.65 0.00 0.03 +aggressive pruning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +language knowledge model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.15 0.82 +computational tractability other 0.05 0.02 0.62 0.31 +repair detection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +vowel reduction other 0.29 0.00 0.37 0.34 +distance learning DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.18 0.74 +database access TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.04 0.07 +unit selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +relational evaluation scheme TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +inuktitut-english bitext TechTool 0.60 0.36 0.01 0.03 +hierarchy construction TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.08 0.31 +chinese-english alignment TechTool 0.81 0.16 0.00 0.03 +syllable-to-word conversion TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.08 0.05 +dice factor DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.36 0.63 +viterbi beam search TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +random order other 0.18 0.02 0.77 0.02 +rhetorical planning TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.07 0.00 +quantifier-free formulae TechTool 0.79 0.15 0.01 0.05 +ned detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +automatic counting scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word-pair language model DSMMM 0.10 0.07 0.01 0.83 +lexical similarity measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.90 +event structure Linguistics 0.11 0.63 0.17 0.08 +ellipsis interpretation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +prosody analysis TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +knowledge acqtfisition TechTool 0.56 0.16 0.17 0.12 +automatic translation evaluation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +cyclic automaton TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.05 +paragraph cohesion other 0.21 0.00 0.47 0.32 +topic clustering TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.01 0.04 +msr gold test Linguistics 0.09 0.84 0.01 0.06 +subordinate conjunction Linguistics 0.38 0.61 0.01 0.00 +letter\/sound generation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.01 +focused partial resolution TechTool 0.81 0.04 0.15 0.00 +corpus-based adaptation TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.00 0.01 +expert parser models TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.00 0.23 +lexical-semantic database TechTool 0.43 0.26 0.30 0.00 +muc-5 lexicon Linguistics 0.03 0.79 0.13 0.04 +feature split TechTool 0.37 0.00 0.35 0.29 +statistical classification algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +feature mapping TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.02 +category cooccurrence restriction ( ccrs ) TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.05 0.15 +stochastictransducer induction TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.33 0.09 +polarity classification TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +reference generation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +development foundation other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +subordinate discourse Linguistics 0.05 0.65 0.30 0.00 +indirect speech act other 0.07 0.11 0.82 0.01 +clausal logic TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.09 0.00 +language genenttion TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +transportability TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.25 0.10 +passage other 0.33 0.17 0.38 0.11 +prosodic modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +discourse processor TechTool 0.52 0.47 0.01 0.00 +syllogistic reasoning with disposition TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.19 0.04 +voice-interactive telephone TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +taxonomic name extraction TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.00 0.06 +unsupervised topic identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +existential quantifier TechTool 0.50 0.47 0.00 0.04 +uncertainty reasoning other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +cutoff method TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +rank-order correlation coefficient DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.01 0.77 +text planning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +dialog evaluation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.02 0.16 +sentencelevel information other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +multilingual translation TechTool 0.79 0.19 0.01 0.00 +chu-liu\/edmonds optimization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +classication TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.10 0.13 +rpda TechTool 0.65 0.12 0.12 0.11 +semantic representations TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.08 0.22 +event extraction TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +information seeking other 0.36 0.00 0.64 0.00 +constraint-based processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +tabulation Linguistics 0.26 0.44 0.24 0.06 +multilingual speech identification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +cross-language disambiguation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.01 +fst parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +wordspotting TechTool 0.72 0.05 0.11 0.12 +prosodic phrase structure DSMMM 0.38 0.22 0.01 0.39 +lagrange multiplier DSMMM 0.37 0.07 0.06 0.49 +treebank querying TechTool 0.64 0.31 0.03 0.01 +automatic text summarisation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +lexical chain computation TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.01 +automatic hyperlinking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +clause ordering TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +discourse production TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.23 0.00 +learning environments TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +art classification TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +meta-comment identification TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +sense-tagged training datum Linguistics 0.45 0.52 0.03 0.00 +dynamic-programming parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +one-level phonology Linguistics 0.16 0.79 0.03 0.02 +speech synthesis TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.42 0.01 +text summarization model TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.40 +arabic grammar TechTool 0.49 0.48 0.01 0.02 +binomial frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +lexicalized tree DSMMM 0.04 0.18 0.05 0.74 +lexical-syntactic selection TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +word translation Linguistics 0.29 0.62 0.03 0.06 +dialog understanding TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +blog content other 0.00 0.33 0.64 0.03 +classification tree design TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.04 0.11 +modern biology Linguistics 0.02 0.71 0.26 0.00 +language production TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +sound-to-letter TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.02 0.02 +inexact knowledge other 0.07 0.01 0.92 0.00 +directed graphs DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.15 0.83 +dynamic information visualization TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +rccursive partitioning TechTool 0.35 0.24 0.22 0.18 +usability other 0.08 0.11 0.58 0.23 +search procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +entity recognition system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +multigen architecture TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +unconstrained speech other 0.12 0.01 0.70 0.17 +hyphenation other 0.31 0.15 0.49 0.05 +hand-crafted template-based or rule-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +hmm topic segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +dialogic communication other 0.32 0.00 0.68 0.00 +word morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.06 0.04 +memory editing TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.20 0.03 +unconstrained parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +acyclic problem graph other 0.09 0.00 0.48 0.44 +entropy models DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.92 +monolingual bootstrapping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +propbank srl TechTool 0.59 0.30 0.12 0.00 +rte dataset Linguistics 0.23 0.61 0.13 0.02 +tree-like structure TechTool 0.43 0.16 0.01 0.41 +prefixes and suffixes Linguistics 0.00 0.54 0.46 0.00 +probabilistic generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +representations DSMMM 0.19 0.23 0.24 0.34 +terminology data banks other 0.00 0.44 0.47 0.08 +spanish disambiguation TechTool 0.74 0.26 0.00 0.00 +language processing environment TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +multilingual natural language processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +text style other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +character-based classification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +permutation modality TechTool 0.51 0.03 0.46 0.00 +commentary system TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.00 +record linkage DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.25 0.60 +decision tree classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +book corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +inc. ltc weighting TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +variation error detection DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.02 0.52 +grolier ' encyclopedia Linguistics 0.04 0.93 0.04 0.00 +japanese terminology Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.16 0.01 +word space DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.26 0.73 +fine-grained disambiguation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +corpus validation Linguistics 0.35 0.64 0.00 0.00 +history-based grammar model DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.90 +mixed-language web page Linguistics 0.06 0.51 0.17 0.25 +verb complementation Linguistics 0.02 0.89 0.09 0.00 +language transcription TechTool 0.70 0.02 0.21 0.07 +moshier-rounds tableau proof TechTool 0.80 0.04 0.15 0.02 +variable initiative dialogue TechTool 0.65 0.31 0.00 0.03 +mono-lingual retrieval TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +pattern matching TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +fitting procedure TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +multi-dimensional input other 0.22 0.26 0.48 0.03 +discourse interpretation TechTool 0.71 0.10 0.18 0.01 +large vocabulary speech translation Linguistics 0.42 0.51 0.07 0.01 +enhancement algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +activation marker TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.00 0.09 +optimization toolkit TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +locative alternation TechTool 0.59 0.22 0.19 0.00 +document-level subjectivity other 0.05 0.18 0.54 0.23 +bigram scoring DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +linear programming TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +spread-activation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.03 0.19 +pronoun resolution method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +adjective-noun combination Linguistics 0.35 0.63 0.00 0.03 +iterative maximization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +memory-based parse TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.02 0.21 +entity recognition program TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.09 0.03 +extraction methodology TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +chinese\/english corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.04 +semantic-representation-to-speech system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.03 +hypertext generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +cgi preprocessing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +ir system testing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +chinese language analysis TechTool 0.82 0.07 0.06 0.05 +lexical category ambiguity other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.00 +classification induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +polynomial parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +multimodal dialogue other 0.44 0.07 0.49 0.00 +image recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +parallel corpus analysis Linguistics 0.42 0.58 0.00 0.00 +machine-aided system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +discourse copying TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.00 +automatic word segmentation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +semi-supervised approach TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +direct syntactic correspondence other 0.34 0.01 0.65 0.00 +negative instance selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +document type definition other 0.32 0.10 0.54 0.04 +model merging TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +domain-independent knowledge other 0.25 0.17 0.58 0.00 +electronic publication other 0.20 0.36 0.44 0.00 +constraint dependency grammar TechTool 0.59 0.07 0.00 0.33 +function optimisation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +formal representation TechTool 0.72 0.03 0.06 0.20 +complexity-theoretic analysis TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.05 0.09 +object-oriented grammar model DSMMM 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.88 +rank order other 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.41 +free-word order TechTool 0.48 0.02 0.47 0.02 +lexical knowledge base other 0.01 0.27 0.72 0.00 +bayes learner TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 +japanese romanization TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.01 0.01 +benchmark data set other 0.01 0.40 0.49 0.10 +multilingual communication TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +gradient-based method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +left-corner grammar TechTool 0.60 0.01 0.16 0.24 +support vector TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +lexicalized model DSMMM 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.88 +user classification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.01 +HBG model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.90 +cross entropy DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.97 +spoken dialog TechTool 0.67 0.23 0.10 0.00 +ne type Linguistics 0.14 0.35 0.20 0.31 +elearning TechTool 0.66 0.11 0.11 0.12 +lexical-semantic knowledge other 0.10 0.03 0.87 0.00 +chinese-english corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +language annotation tool TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.26 0.00 +mode coordination TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +pictorial english dictionary Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.01 0.01 +phrasal attachment TechTool 0.63 0.15 0.00 0.22 +learning paradigm TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.28 0.00 +tree frame DSMMM 0.19 0.19 0.01 0.61 +domain template creation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +weighted nite state transducer TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.07 0.09 +tree automata DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.02 0.74 +latex TechTool 0.46 0.32 0.13 0.09 +frame combiner TechTool 0.79 0.20 0.00 0.00 +nominal attribute Linguistics 0.10 0.82 0.06 0.02 +automated presentation generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +finite-state calculus TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.11 0.00 +textual entailment other 0.16 0.00 0.66 0.18 +electronic file transfer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +demographic analysis TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.01 +referent tracking TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.00 +phase structure information other 0.01 0.00 0.97 0.01 +bayesian model selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +path evaluation DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.01 0.62 +medical ontology Linguistics 0.02 0.93 0.05 0.01 +medoid clustering TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +digital museum TechTool 0.55 0.42 0.01 0.01 +non-concatenative language TechTool 0.45 0.25 0.26 0.04 +human language technology TechTool 0.60 0.03 0.37 0.01 +rule-based synthesis TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +german language interface TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.08 0.01 +contextual representation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.19 +cross-validation evaluation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.01 0.05 +understanding process other 0.26 0.00 0.73 0.00 +unstructured information other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.00 +automated extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multi-level answer resolution algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +meeting processing and retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +extraction patterns TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +natural language engine TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.12 0.01 +text knowledge base other 0.03 0.19 0.78 0.00 +broadcast news collection Linguistics 0.01 0.77 0.22 0.00 +answer reranking DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.09 0.49 +network creation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +feature selection and regularization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +path of arc DSMMM 0.36 0.02 0.04 0.58 +baseline system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +taxonomic link DSMMM 0.42 0.01 0.09 0.48 +review classification TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.28 0.02 +probabilistie modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +reranking TechTool 0.61 0.10 0.14 0.15 +itg parse TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.00 0.30 +social network analysis TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.03 0.07 +object identification TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.01 +parallelism verification TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.30 0.04 +on-line database browsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +metadata collection TechTool 0.38 0.38 0.23 0.01 +non-chain rule TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.23 0.06 +synthesis component other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +sense selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +fine-grained opinion other 0.34 0.01 0.63 0.02 +automatic information retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +wordnet class Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.04 0.02 +semantic linker TechTool 0.81 0.04 0.08 0.08 +transition graphs DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.12 0.78 +web crawling Linguistics 0.12 0.61 0.14 0.14 +eam search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.08 +agenda processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +kernel pca TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +2-phase algorithm TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +edit identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +prosodic morphology Linguistics 0.13 0.72 0.14 0.02 +pp-chunking TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +statistical language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +serial search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +grammatical relation assignment TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.41 0.01 +signature reranking TechTool 0.87 0.05 0.01 0.07 +thematic role Linguistics 0.03 0.52 0.44 0.00 +multi-lingual dependency parsing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +on-line handwriting recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.02 +case other 0.04 0.12 0.54 0.31 +tree design DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.40 0.47 +feature ranking TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.01 0.25 +proper noun identification TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.01 0.00 +java programming language TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.01 +term expansion DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +conceptual decoder TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +text selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +grammatical word Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.03 0.04 +feature vectors TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +inter-judge reliability DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.90 +pause prediction TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.01 0.31 +wcp extraction method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +korean text Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.08 0.00 +linguistic representation TechTool 0.74 0.01 0.03 0.22 +rule type TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +word interpretation TechTool 0.66 0.11 0.05 0.18 +reasoning system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +type-unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +unknown word Linguistics 0.02 0.91 0.06 0.01 +participant TechTool 0.40 0.19 0.37 0.05 +monotonization TechTool 0.46 0.10 0.29 0.15 +activity generation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +korean corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +bilingual or multi-lingual text Linguistics 0.18 0.67 0.14 0.00 +database access environment TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +pierrehumberts theory other 0.06 0.39 0.52 0.03 +derivational morphology Linguistics 0.04 0.89 0.06 0.01 +rationale clause TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +phrase structure tree DSMMM 0.07 0.08 0.00 0.84 +knowledge-extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexicon transducer Linguistics 0.14 0.79 0.00 0.06 +xinhua corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.01 +inference making TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.44 0.00 +error rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +wide-band speech Linguistics 0.19 0.75 0.03 0.03 +user modelling TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.07 0.06 +speech understanding TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.04 0.05 +gramnlars parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +skew divergence DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.32 0.67 +evaluation set DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.08 0.85 +dependency structure grammar Linguistics 0.34 0.36 0.01 0.29 +language-independent sentence alignment TechTool 0.80 0.03 0.02 0.16 +information management scheme TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +winnow learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +intensional reasoning phase other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +rule instantiation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +noun chaining TechTool 0.69 0.13 0.00 0.18 +cpu time other 0.01 0.00 0.61 0.38 +phase extraction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +verb disambiguation TechTool 0.72 0.27 0.01 0.00 +pole-based overlapping clustering TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.01 0.05 +rhetorical role classification TechTool 0.74 0.15 0.12 0.00 +thematic segmentation TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.03 0.00 +expansion technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +concept classifier TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +semantic learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +generative diagram-design TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.30 0.09 +rule induetion TechTool 0.74 0.10 0.10 0.05 +attribute indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +conversational language other 0.04 0.35 0.60 0.01 +tree kernel TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +simulator TechTool 0.58 0.20 0.13 0.08 +transformational generative grammar \ TechTool 0.67 0.31 0.00 0.02 +text-tospeech system TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.02 0.00 +automatic lexical acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +clusterization TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +p.d.t smoothing TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.05 0.06 +spelling correction system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +mood other 0.16 0.14 0.54 0.17 +vector processing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +entity translation Linguistics 0.28 0.35 0.25 0.13 +deterministic search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +distributional similarity estimation TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +knowledge-poor pronoun resolution TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +metric optimization TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +translation research other 0.22 0.10 0.68 0.00 +noun tagging Linguistics 0.38 0.61 0.00 0.00 +ontological modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +al method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +structural retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +estimator TechTool 0.40 0.17 0.38 0.06 +bootstrapping procedure TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +theta theory Linguistics 0.17 0.66 0.16 0.01 +range concatenation grammar [ rcg ] formalism TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +type assigmncllt module TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +lattice parsing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +structure learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +cme feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +text tiling TechTool 0.48 0.14 0.38 0.00 +lexical segmentation system TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +keywords selection TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +lexical frame Linguistics 0.25 0.64 0.12 0.00 +intelligent tutoring TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +dm-command TechTool 0.80 0.04 0.04 0.12 +artificial intelligence projects Linguistics 0.26 0.72 0.03 0.00 +tense and aspect other 0.08 0.01 0.91 0.00 +phonetic similarity modeling TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.37 +main verb Linguistics 0.05 0.89 0.06 0.00 +openccg surface realiser TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.14 0.04 +semiautomated sconng TechTool 0.61 0.10 0.14 0.15 +automatic speech transcription TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +part-of-speech tagger TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.02 0.00 +name coreference TechTool 0.75 0.24 0.01 0.01 +structural embedding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +nn-based outlier detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +english-to-chinese translation TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.00 0.02 +thai word segmentation TechTool 0.80 0.14 0.05 0.00 +interpretation process other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.01 +ner problem other 0.16 0.00 0.84 0.00 +idiomatic interpretation TechTool 0.68 0.28 0.02 0.01 +mindnet TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +parse selection model TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +named entity classification TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.02 0.01 +clause boundary TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +pause information other 0.02 0.00 0.94 0.03 +machine readable dictionaries Linguistics 0.03 0.86 0.10 0.01 +part-of-speech disambiguation TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.02 0.00 +task identification TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +n-best voting TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +domain-specific extraction TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +corpus comparison TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +text interlingua Linguistics 0.17 0.75 0.07 0.00 +verbal head other 0.00 0.49 0.50 0.01 +theoretical calculation TechTool 0.39 0.00 0.28 0.33 +informal writing other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +dictionary look-up TechTool 0.67 0.03 0.00 0.30 +tomita parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ccg realisation TechTool 0.75 0.04 0.20 0.01 +sentence position other 0.00 0.05 0.55 0.41 +grammar extraction and pruning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +semantic knowledge-base other 0.26 0.10 0.60 0.04 +expectation evaluation TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.05 0.47 +chinese word Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.01 0.09 +Penn Treebank WSJ Linguistics 0.03 0.87 0.10 0.01 +phrase-based translation system TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.00 0.07 +constructivist learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +phrase structure processor TechTool 0.63 0.29 0.00 0.09 +argumentation system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +highdimensional feature space DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.29 0.54 +lisp TechTool 0.59 0.11 0.27 0.04 +sentence-simplification TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.01 0.18 +discourse structure annotation TechTool 0.71 0.18 0.11 0.00 +domain knowledge base other 0.02 0.20 0.78 0.01 +term lookup TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.45 +concept counting TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +om parsing TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.00 0.05 +denotational semantics Linguistics 0.18 0.75 0.00 0.06 +syndetic modelling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +pinyin name resolution TechTool 0.69 0.30 0.00 0.01 +interactive voice response other 0.40 0.00 0.59 0.01 +relevance feedback mechanism TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.01 +lexter TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +linguistic parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +aligned corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +second order feature TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +xml manipulation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +multiple choice tasks TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +concept analysis TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +unsupervised paraphrase acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +swi-prolog TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +chart handling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +access time TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.12 0.40 +interlingual pathway TechTool 0.60 0.27 0.08 0.05 +argument table other 0.00 0.18 0.46 0.36 +information interchange and compression other 0.40 0.00 0.58 0.02 +understanding technology TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +unification operation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +prosodic processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +selective sampling method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +validation policy TechTool 0.85 0.07 0.01 0.07 +semantic clustering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +computer-system TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.00 0.01 +unification-based transfer approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +summarisation service TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +obligations management TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +regression planning TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +confidence rejection threshold DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.95 +polynomial algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +smt research community other 0.01 0.13 0.86 0.00 +head-driven phrase structure grammar TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.01 0.06 +tree modeling TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.38 +coarse-grained knowledge other 0.45 0.00 0.54 0.01 +inversion transduction grammar TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.04 +parsing procedure TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +proposal evaluation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.30 0.03 +speech-recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +lexicalised grammar TechTool 0.57 0.35 0.02 0.06 +naive bayes model TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +lexical neural-network TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.02 +wordnet verb sense Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +pitch accent DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.93 +preconditioned conjugate TechTool 0.76 0.05 0.15 0.05 +probabilistic formalism TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +reverse n-gram segmentation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.07 +pattern-based hyponymy extraction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +computational models DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +tense mapping TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +knowledge-based system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automatic lexical relation discovery TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +resolution mechanism TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +symbolic learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +generalized quantifier approach TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +word use and meaning DSMMM 0.14 0.05 0.33 0.49 +pronoun detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +japanese word Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.01 0.03 +word fragments Linguistics 0.04 0.84 0.09 0.03 +telephone interface TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +chunking TechTool 0.55 0.16 0.13 0.16 +right-branching TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.21 0.07 +natural language processing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +content planning component TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.00 +n-best list Linguistics 0.14 0.69 0.16 0.01 +expectationmaximization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +meta-data extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +extrapolation TechTool 0.61 0.10 0.22 0.06 +query session other 0.10 0.01 0.84 0.05 +phoneme-based syllabification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +programming system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +weight estimation DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +template slot TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.02 0.02 +partially-supervised procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +structured text other 0.03 0.24 0.72 0.00 +discourse structure tagging TechTool 0.81 0.14 0.05 0.00 +japmlese construction other 0.39 0.09 0.40 0.12 +topicsegmentation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +nlpwin parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unsupervised sequence modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +subject domain assignment other 0.11 0.12 0.77 0.00 +collaborative process other 0.11 0.00 0.89 0.00 +group discrimination TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +pronunciation modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +spontaneons speech Linguistics 0.11 0.47 0.35 0.06 +finite automaton TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.08 0.00 +natural language transfer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +forward beam-search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +parser performance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +c-free automata TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +content expansion TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +probabilistic retrieval system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +text selection and\/or classification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +disjunctive ambiguity TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +manual pattern engineering TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +web development other 0.19 0.23 0.52 0.06 +semantic speech function other 0.17 0.12 0.50 0.20 +iterative method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sulnmarization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +mean average precision DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +acoustic likelihood DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.97 +hybrid approach c4.5-rules TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +relative pronoun disambiguntion TechTool 0.70 0.17 0.13 0.00 +dependency syntax DSMMM 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.49 +hyper relation other 0.08 0.00 0.80 0.12 +lexically-driven parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +transcript evaluation TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.12 0.23 +finite mixture model TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.21 +corpus cast3lb Linguistics 0.19 0.80 0.00 0.01 +predictiveness property DSMMM 0.05 0.20 0.30 0.45 +subject-verb-agreement Linguistics 0.02 0.89 0.03 0.06 +chain length parameter DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.07 0.59 +hyper-literate programming TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.01 +plan parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +proximity-based similarity DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.93 +sentential level ellipsis other 0.02 0.01 0.96 0.01 +message understanding conference-4 TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.20 0.32 +rank-by-confidence DSMMM 0.10 0.07 0.00 0.83 +trigram-integrated decoding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +sentence parser TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +rapid prototyping TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +biographical database Linguistics 0.36 0.56 0.08 0.01 +tagging precision DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +tree template DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.53 +parameter values DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.93 +multilingual lexicon Linguistics 0.08 0.91 0.00 0.00 +syntactic hypothesis other 0.12 0.05 0.72 0.11 +terminal and non-terminal edge DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.30 0.63 +svc identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +scoring program TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +first-order formulae TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.07 0.01 +weighted constraint satisfaction TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.01 0.47 +quality maintenance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.98 +al research other 0.49 0.01 0.50 0.00 +constraint-checking TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.22 +word-spotting task TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.15 0.02 +word order realization TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.31 0.05 +synthetic vision TechTool 0.81 0.03 0.15 0.01 +positive naive bayes TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +finite state tools TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.35 0.00 +statistical tagger TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +table construction algorithm other 0.26 0.00 0.50 0.24 +argument raising other 0.21 0.29 0.49 0.01 +rule-based analyzer TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +c-value DSMMM 0.19 0.04 0.00 0.77 +specialized communication TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +document content other 0.01 0.21 0.73 0.04 +project scheduling and budgeting other 0.36 0.01 0.62 0.00 +maximum entropy classifier TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +grammatical classification TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +machine-readable representation TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.06 0.07 +ccg parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +human conversation other 0.01 0.14 0.83 0.02 +signal-to-noise ratio DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.06 0.48 +topological parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +recognition rate DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.80 +japanese morphological processing \ TechTool 0.81 0.19 0.00 0.00 +iterativc optimization TechTool 0.71 0.06 0.19 0.04 +linguistic correction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +bunsetsu identificatkm TechTool 0.47 0.23 0.18 0.12 +morphology learner TechTool 0.67 0.27 0.07 0.00 +rulelearning TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +mate coding TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +japanese language proficiency Linguistics 0.03 0.38 0.25 0.35 +acyclic graph DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.01 0.71 +sentence construction TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.06 0.19 +substitution grammar TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +adaboost TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +caching TechTool 0.47 0.19 0.26 0.09 +cfg constituent TechTool 0.45 0.38 0.07 0.11 +word set representation DSMMM 0.32 0.09 0.09 0.51 +homophone disambiguation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +concurrent implementation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +msa parser TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +mst parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +shag parsing TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.09 0.10 +penn-iii treebank Linguistics 0.30 0.52 0.18 0.00 +cross-validation testing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +testing sublanguage analysis TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.00 +rule-based generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +quantifier-raising TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.00 0.11 +word connectivity DSMMM 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.90 +syntactic language modeling TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +structure acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +annotated training set Linguistics 0.03 0.79 0.18 0.01 +word segmentation accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.97 +language translation TechTool 0.46 0.34 0.15 0.05 +real-time large vocabulary speech recognition TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.12 0.00 +pitch rise DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +subordinate clause marker Linguistics 0.46 0.50 0.04 0.00 +terminological inference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +translational equivalence DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.27 0.68 +dialogue management module TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +honmgraphie TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +tag extraction TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +indexation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +text chunking TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +lexical , syntactic , semantic , and structural information other 0.04 0.08 0.87 0.01 +dh domain identification TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +anaphor Linguistics 0.20 0.54 0.20 0.07 +semantic indexing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +judgement prediction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.05 0.11 +document length DSMMM 0.00 0.04 0.09 0.87 +reason identification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +english pitch accent DSMMM 0.04 0.08 0.07 0.80 +interaction grammars TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.01 +signature creation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +automatic speech understanding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +ambiguity labeling TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +argument alternation detection TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +verbal verification TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.42 0.01 +sun microsystems TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.01 0.00 +discourse-based summanzatlon TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.02 +mml assumption other 0.23 0.00 0.58 0.18 +lexical\/syntactic selection TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.15 0.00 +wordnet structure Linguistics 0.02 0.92 0.03 0.03 +interactive disambignation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +semantic predication other 0.14 0.38 0.44 0.04 +sensibility judgment other 0.13 0.02 0.66 0.19 +combinatory categorial grammars TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +muc style extraction TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.26 0.01 +lcflex parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialog structure TechTool 0.51 0.23 0.14 0.12 +dependency-linked n-gram DSMMM 0.14 0.06 0.04 0.76 +decision trees TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.12 0.01 +logical forms Linguistics 0.09 0.82 0.07 0.01 +ontoscore TechTool 0.73 0.06 0.07 0.15 +classi cation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +subset construction TechTool 0.55 0.07 0.38 0.01 +post-translation document expansion TechTool 0.74 0.02 0.20 0.04 +name recognition TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +vision system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +trigger language model DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.89 +lexical learning TechTool 0.66 0.03 0.32 0.00 +kfold cross-validation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +verb formation Linguistics 0.09 0.86 0.04 0.00 +pascal rte evaluation TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.13 0.05 +lexieal well-formedness TechTool 0.60 0.02 0.27 0.11 +morphophonemic variation other 0.01 0.00 0.64 0.35 +verb form Linguistics 0.00 0.84 0.15 0.01 +ogi multilanguage telephone speech corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.02 0.01 +model perplexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +finite-state mechanism TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +inverted representation TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.01 0.32 +co-occurrence matrix TechTool 0.51 0.01 0.19 0.29 +feature-based word grammar TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.00 0.26 +paraphrase extraction and ranking method TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.20 +non-symmetrical matrix other 0.37 0.00 0.47 0.15 +referential ambiguity other 0.14 0.00 0.82 0.04 +term dioscovery TechTool 0.61 0.14 0.14 0.11 +block translation TechTool 0.74 0.06 0.03 0.18 +topic adaptation TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.15 0.00 +association measure performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +recapitalisation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +domain distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.17 0.04 0.78 +nominal anaphora Linguistics 0.06 0.89 0.05 0.00 +online information mining TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +bayesian classifier analysis TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +itg alignment TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +tile hearer other 0.24 0.00 0.76 0.00 +grammar rule TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +multi-beam search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +hclp language Linguistics 0.06 0.79 0.10 0.04 +atis data set Linguistics 0.00 0.54 0.37 0.09 +scanworx tm scanner TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.05 0.02 +free distribution TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.04 0.32 +feature focus other 0.01 0.01 0.73 0.24 +role labeling TechTool 0.63 0.16 0.21 0.00 +dynamic time warping TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.15 0.12 +nlc system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +unification-based parsing system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +natural language dialogue other 0.13 0.42 0.44 0.00 +quantifier placement DSMMM 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.88 +idf-based retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +classification model TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +linear microphone array TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.44 +preposition stranding Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.02 0.01 +well-formed string other 0.34 0.09 0.55 0.03 +language model smoothing TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +object-oriented scripting Linguistics 0.28 0.56 0.14 0.02 +automatic wrapper induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sentence selection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +solution quality DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.97 +multi-lingual information retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +parse prediction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.15 +multi-modal output TechTool 0.57 0.03 0.40 0.00 +template morphology TechTool 0.60 0.35 0.04 0.01 +tag-based generator TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +vocabulary acquisition TechTool 0.66 0.14 0.17 0.04 +encyclopedic knowledge other 0.07 0.02 0.91 0.00 +monolingual parallel corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +sparse data other 0.14 0.00 0.60 0.26 +similarity-based summarization TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +language analysis and synthesis TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.39 0.01 +intercoder reliability DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.92 +p2p application framework TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +transliteration procedure TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +recognition equipment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +communicative language teaching TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.50 0.00 +ellipse DSMMM 0.28 0.16 0.20 0.36 +penn treebank annotation Linguistics 0.16 0.67 0.17 0.00 +discourse marker identification TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.02 0.00 +question Linguistics 0.15 0.44 0.31 0.09 +indirect speech acts other 0.02 0.12 0.86 0.00 +template-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +fragmentary recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +language behavior analysis other 0.20 0.00 0.73 0.06 +word sense disambigation models DSMMM 0.30 0.12 0.01 0.57 +automatic analysis tool TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +partitioning TechTool 0.35 0.24 0.22 0.18 +160-million-word english-chinese parallel corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.95 0.00 0.03 +conceptual aggregation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.09 0.03 +hmgtutge processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +simple majority voting TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +radixsort TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.10 0.10 +picky parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +database query system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +conversation corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.04 0.05 +occurrence identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +belief tree DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.18 0.78 +email summarization TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.00 +generative models DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.93 +dictating Linguistics 0.20 0.47 0.25 0.08 +syntactic acceptability other 0.02 0.05 0.61 0.32 +machine perception other 0.09 0.02 0.83 0.06 +thai word extraction TechTool 0.88 0.09 0.01 0.02 +maximum-likelihood bracketing TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +finite state recognition TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +meaning Linguistics 0.18 0.62 0.15 0.05 +symbol-manipttlation TechTool 0.87 0.06 0.00 0.07 +discriminative estimation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +name tagging TechTool 0.70 0.29 0.00 0.01 +sentential negation Linguistics 0.05 0.69 0.27 0.00 +translation probability DSMMM 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.95 +maximum entropy method TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +authorship attribution TechTool 0.55 0.05 0.40 0.00 +automatic speech indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +shallow understanding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +inside-outside unsupervised learning algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +touch screen input other 0.02 0.03 0.94 0.01 +document representation and classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +sentiment analysis TechTool 0.78 0.05 0.17 0.01 +human speech processing TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.01 +ontology editor TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.00 +book indexing TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +unit-to-unit interaction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +label clause Linguistics 0.35 0.61 0.03 0.00 +syntactic behavior other 0.01 0.00 0.93 0.06 +name pronunciation Linguistics 0.13 0.70 0.15 0.01 +communicator system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +wikipedia TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +traffic control camera TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.07 +dictionary term Linguistics 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.45 +translation service TechTool 0.82 0.09 0.07 0.02 +medical text processing TechTool 0.67 0.28 0.05 0.00 +tree building TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.45 +annotated training text Linguistics 0.03 0.88 0.09 0.00 +word token Linguistics 0.04 0.68 0.03 0.25 +pipelining approach TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +corpus-based discourse understanding TechTool 0.77 0.20 0.00 0.02 +polysemic verb Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.06 0.00 +phrase fronting TechTool 0.49 0.20 0.01 0.30 +deterministic finite automaton TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +structure prediction TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.18 +language database Linguistics 0.24 0.48 0.22 0.05 +grammar debugging TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +maximum-entropy TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +dialogue network DSMMM 0.26 0.02 0.02 0.70 +pronominal anaphor TechTool 0.56 0.22 0.22 0.00 +abstractive summary Linguistics 0.21 0.49 0.15 0.15 +multimodal output other 0.17 0.00 0.82 0.00 +document retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +domainrestricted compound translation Linguistics 0.19 0.79 0.01 0.01 +dependency grammars TechTool 0.74 0.03 0.00 0.23 +newspaper corpus Linguistics 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +corpus of multiple English translation TechTool 0.59 0.40 0.00 0.00 +muc-6 coreference corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.90 0.05 0.02 +morphological annotation TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.27 0.00 +document indexing and query TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +closure duration DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.28 0.72 +harmonisation Linguistics 0.22 0.47 0.23 0.08 +romanization TechTool 0.74 0.07 0.08 0.10 +sentence dividing TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.01 0.39 +content modification other 0.41 0.00 0.57 0.01 +aps TechTool 0.59 0.19 0.15 0.07 +apt TechTool 0.62 0.15 0.12 0.11 +machiue translation TechTool 0.58 0.33 0.08 0.01 +plural pronoun Linguistics 0.10 0.74 0.15 0.00 +hidden markov modelling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +7-fold cross validation TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.09 0.01 +eagles TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.08 +evaluation toolkit TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +free text analysis TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +applied knowledge processing TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +noun-classifier matching TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.00 0.04 +job advertising other 0.06 0.32 0.59 0.03 +structure datum TechTool 0.42 0.21 0.19 0.18 +head determination TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +parts of speech other 0.01 0.42 0.56 0.01 +decision-based model TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +structural bias other 0.06 0.01 0.56 0.37 +information processing TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +text segmenting TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.10 0.00 +recursive splitting procedure TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +opinion extraction task TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +grammatical object Linguistics 0.00 0.82 0.08 0.10 +mt quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +quantitative knowledge other 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.00 +linguistic measure DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.91 +graphical analyzer tool TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +context priming other 0.39 0.00 0.59 0.02 +knowledge representation and manipulation TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.00 +probbank TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +lexicon representation Linguistics 0.22 0.61 0.01 0.17 +constraint checking TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.32 +inter-component communication other 0.19 0.00 0.80 0.00 +travel expression corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.00 0.10 +turing machine computation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.03 0.26 +non-monotone translation TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.15 0.04 +search optimization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +knowledge database other 0.13 0.11 0.76 0.00 +english homograph Linguistics 0.28 0.69 0.03 0.00 +generation strategy TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +textract architecture TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +parallel training Linguistics 0.49 0.50 0.01 0.00 +mechanical segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +paraphrase discovery TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +rule reduction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +word order transformation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.01 +data validation TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.03 0.02 +functional annotation set other 0.43 0.06 0.46 0.05 +source text Linguistics 0.00 0.64 0.35 0.00 +automatic semantic role identification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +multimodal interpretation TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +speech recognition module TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +social science Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.08 0.02 +community-wide use TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.22 0.03 +thematic selection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +computer processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +biomedical named entity recognition TechTool 0.60 0.30 0.10 0.00 +senseval-2 data set other 0.00 0.16 0.64 0.19 +frequency determination DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.75 +psycholinguistic modeling TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +matrix calculation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.01 0.26 +speech database Linguistics 0.24 0.55 0.16 0.05 +direction assistance other 0.41 0.00 0.59 0.00 +author unmasking other 0.06 0.08 0.85 0.00 +text wrapping TechTool 0.73 0.11 0.16 0.00 +sense definition TechTool 0.75 0.09 0.14 0.02 +linear scan TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +classification method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +case-based Mt ( cbmt ) TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +word modeling TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.00 0.08 +nearest neighbour TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.48 0.00 +french-german translation Linguistics 0.17 0.83 0.00 0.00 +finite-state grammar TechTool 0.80 0.15 0.04 0.01 +head-driven derivation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.00 +gaussian computation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +intersective levin classes Linguistics 0.00 0.66 0.34 0.00 +syntactic coverage DSMMM 0.00 0.36 0.02 0.62 +animacy TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +gesture recognition algorithm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +morton approach TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +segmentation verification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sort hierarchy development other 0.16 0.01 0.69 0.14 +gap-filling TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +verbal interaction other 0.06 0.00 0.94 0.00 +user modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +sentiment Linguistics 0.18 0.42 0.22 0.19 +indexing approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +collocational disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +adaptable simulation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.01 +micro-clustering TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +retrieval component TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +fixed-word-order TechTool 0.70 0.10 0.10 0.10 +procedural type information other 0.06 0.01 0.93 0.00 +similarity matrix DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.93 +in-car speech dialogue Linguistics 0.11 0.78 0.06 0.05 +pinyin-english translation TechTool 0.79 0.18 0.01 0.01 +software tool development TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +gpsg\/hpsg TechTool 0.87 0.07 0.06 0.00 +japanese question classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +phoneme insertion TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +text handling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +pitch contour clustering DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.01 0.62 +reflexive pronoun Linguistics 0.05 0.76 0.19 0.00 +tf weighting TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +meaningful text other 0.05 0.42 0.53 0.00 +word matchings DSMMM 0.17 0.27 0.23 0.33 +pc video-conferencing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +mt evaluation system TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +certainty-based sample selection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +eq near synonym Linguistics 0.08 0.46 0.41 0.04 +linguistic corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +mixture-of-posteriors approach TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.00 0.03 +automatic translation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +longest-matching word segmentation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +email text other 0.00 0.44 0.56 0.00 +truth measurement DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.09 0.54 +lexical database Linguistics 0.12 0.61 0.26 0.00 +constraint-based retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +language modeling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +communications system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +machine-learning classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +inductive logic programming TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +opinion recognition TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.32 0.00 +linguistic similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.97 +sequential ehmination TechTool 0.69 0.11 0.11 0.09 +series decomposition TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +csr pilot corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.04 0.01 +speech synthesizer other 0.37 0.02 0.60 0.01 +web corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.10 +icophone TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +multi-way classification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +signal space DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.52 +cross document coreference TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.13 0.01 +mandarin tts synthesis TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.00 +utterance planning and production TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.00 +multimodal input other 0.28 0.01 0.71 0.00 +database system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +speaker-adaptation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +back-off model DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +merged automaton TechTool 0.69 0.03 0.19 0.10 +unigram-based translation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.19 +backbone grammar TechTool 0.54 0.40 0.01 0.05 +deductive inference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +language processing and analysis TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +norreal unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +rule probability estimation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +sparse string kernel TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +modern chinese processing TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.02 0.00 +text summarization TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.02 0.00 +optimum tree search DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.01 0.57 +dialog processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +tabular parsing style other 0.39 0.00 0.53 0.08 +substitutability other 0.08 0.11 0.48 0.34 +truncation other 0.14 0.16 0.40 0.30 +tree model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +explanation-based learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.02 +pattern generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +template-based natural language generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +finite-state tree automata TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.13 0.01 +greedy approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +calculus notation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +knowledge system TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.09 0.00 +korean-to-english query translation TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.01 +modular architecture TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +semi-automatic learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +content-based scoring TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +task-oriented dialogue other 0.27 0.01 0.72 0.00 +post error correction other 0.26 0.00 0.60 0.14 +pc-kimmo TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +automated documentation TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.11 0.00 +bilingual sign Linguistics 0.14 0.64 0.01 0.20 +co-occurrence database TechTool 0.68 0.07 0.19 0.06 +refinement-driven plmming TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +coclustering TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +kernel estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +written texts Linguistics 0.01 0.61 0.38 0.00 +character alignment procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.02 +machine-readable dictionary ( mrd ' ) Linguistics 0.44 0.55 0.01 0.00 +identification TechTool 0.64 0.06 0.22 0.08 +earleylike parser TechTool 0.67 0.21 0.09 0.04 +tree posterior DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.94 +homonymy Linguistics 0.23 0.36 0.30 0.12 +word-based recognition TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +japanese ne recognition TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.01 0.02 +complementary correction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +translation candidates other 0.05 0.35 0.59 0.01 +cross-linguistic information other 0.12 0.08 0.77 0.03 +multilingualextraction TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +morphological affix TechTool 0.40 0.35 0.24 0.00 +string subsequence kernel TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.08 +penman upper model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.94 +semantic web ontology Linguistics 0.11 0.69 0.05 0.15 +non-hierarchical clustermg TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.03 +named entity transliteration Linguistics 0.41 0.50 0.07 0.02 +state labeling TechTool 0.66 0.02 0.31 0.01 +smt training TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.02 0.02 +loanword formation TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.19 0.00 +orientation detection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +corefence annotation TechTool 0.46 0.27 0.19 0.08 +noun homograph disambiguation TechTool 0.62 0.37 0.00 0.00 +feature augmentation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.02 +hansards dataset Linguistics 0.12 0.86 0.01 0.01 +prosody-based topic segmentation TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.01 +morphosyntactic agreement DSMMM 0.03 0.11 0.17 0.69 +data reduction TechTool 0.38 0.00 0.26 0.37 +nearest-neighbor case retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +visual context other 0.11 0.00 0.87 0.02 +neighborhood learning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +predicate\/argument notation Linguistics 0.14 0.77 0.07 0.02 +imperative sentence Linguistics 0.37 0.56 0.04 0.03 +german grammar Linguistics 0.08 0.91 0.00 0.01 +similarity extraction technique TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +scope derivation other 0.21 0.01 0.78 0.00 +context-sensitive spelling TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +cdcn algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lexical clustering TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +document routing TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.02 0.02 +conjunctive construction TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.01 +discourse level structure other 0.01 0.15 0.59 0.25 +blockfinder image understanding TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.05 0.09 +relative pronoun disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.04 0.00 +relation inventory other 0.07 0.24 0.60 0.09 +web-based indexing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +text understanding \ TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.00 0.00 +mesh hierarchy DSMMM 0.01 0.23 0.02 0.74 +represantation formalism DSMMM 0.31 0.15 0.16 0.39 +lexical category acquisition TechTool 0.77 0.03 0.20 0.00 +meteorological information other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.00 +lexico-semantic pattern other 0.15 0.00 0.44 0.41 +thesaurus construction TechTool 0.64 0.33 0.02 0.01 +syntactic parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +agent-based system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +oral-reading recognition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +non-projective dependency parsing TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.02 0.19 +rhetorical parser TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.01 +stack-based algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +conditional probability DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.98 +cf grammar TechTool 0.67 0.29 0.04 0.00 +temporal relation other 0.12 0.00 0.87 0.01 +audio retrieval TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +presupposition accommodation other 0.47 0.01 0.52 0.00 +term Linguistics 0.10 0.51 0.29 0.10 +japanese dependency analysis TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.01 0.02 +cky chartparsing TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +language graramar DSMMM 0.25 0.12 0.18 0.45 +fixed-length summary TechTool 0.64 0.10 0.02 0.24 +stochastic dependency parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +classification technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bitext space DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.20 0.79 +system construction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +table generation other 0.02 0.00 0.73 0.24 +hypothetical reasoning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +language tutoring other 0.13 0.08 0.78 0.00 +transformation-based error-driven learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +top-down anaphora resolution TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +hmm parameter TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.04 0.18 +index-based retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +vocabulary isolated word recognition \ Linguistics 0.18 0.77 0.01 0.05 +svm discrimination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +multimodal meeting processing TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +extendable retriever TechTool 0.72 0.17 0.07 0.04 +tv broadcasting Linguistics 0.31 0.63 0.05 0.00 +pagerank algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +task efficacy evaluation TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.39 0.12 +acronym Linguistics 0.22 0.44 0.29 0.06 +multi-lingual generation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +truth-qualified proposition other 0.17 0.37 0.40 0.07 +xml-based natural language processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +analysis engines TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +machine prediction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.15 +annotation specification TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.24 0.02 +probability score scheme DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.97 +semantic knowledge other 0.05 0.01 0.94 0.00 +path voting TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +gate framework TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +nlp system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +hpat TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +relation extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +compiled grammar TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.32 0.07 +linear-time randomizedselection TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +dialogue understanding TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.02 +parallel sentence detection TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +length similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +database query TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.06 0.09 +grannnar learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +probabilistic disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +keyword extracting TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +probabilistic lsa TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +domain-specific sense selection TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +stochastic segment model DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.62 +word identification mechanism TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +n-gram modeling TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.20 +voice dialog TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.01 +english grammar Linguistics 0.21 0.73 0.01 0.05 +computational world knowledge other 0.00 0.02 0.97 0.01 +paraphrase detection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +patternmatching algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +textrank sentence extraction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +levenshtein distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 +semantic lexicon construction TechTool 0.47 0.31 0.17 0.04 +very large corpora Linguistics 0.07 0.69 0.01 0.23 +parametric hybridization TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.04 0.13 +argument generation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.00 +thai ocr error TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.26 0.15 +actor paradigm Linguistics 0.22 0.61 0.16 0.01 +natural language question answering system TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +wordnet lexical knowledge base Linguistics 0.01 0.60 0.40 0.00 +probability score DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +hpsg constituent Linguistics 0.15 0.69 0.16 0.00 +semantic evaluation TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.34 +phrasal alignment algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +back-off modeling TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +prepositional adjunct Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.01 0.00 +linguistic techniques TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +argumentative analysis TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +ne extraction task TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.02 +bilingual collocation Linguistics 0.09 0.75 0.00 0.16 +word grammar Linguistics 0.16 0.55 0.00 0.29 +guage generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +dialogue research other 0.15 0.08 0.78 0.00 +web inference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +length-based alignment algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +agreement-based co-training TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.12 +type-driven derivation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.00 +cu communicator system TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.04 0.00 +technical information analysis other 0.26 0.00 0.73 0.00 +zero-derivation TechTool 0.88 0.07 0.05 0.00 +english pos tagger TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +sense inventory Linguistics 0.13 0.81 0.05 0.01 +morphological generation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +acoustic models DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +information retrieval technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +USRs TechTool 0.71 0.12 0.08 0.09 +japanese retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +news browsing Linguistics 0.08 0.87 0.05 0.00 +concept activation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +xerox finite-state morphology TechTool 0.55 0.26 0.19 0.00 +chinese text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +reverse querying TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.08 +asian language modeling TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 +two-step selection TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +penn treebank project Linguistics 0.03 0.56 0.41 0.00 +quantification scope other 0.02 0.19 0.77 0.02 +linear learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automatic error correction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +tag learning TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +normal distribution DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.91 +domain relevance estimation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +relevance ordering TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.17 0.15 +ontology maintenance procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +lexical conceptual structure Linguistics 0.06 0.48 0.41 0.05 +statistical dependency transduction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +k-best hypergraph parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +anaphora disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +human thinking other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.01 +full-sentence parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +nlg technology TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +pre-tagging strategy TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.06 0.02 +training data. TechTool 0.42 0.37 0.16 0.05 +mention recognition TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +natural language systems TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.00 +chinese-english lexicon Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.00 0.03 +annotated training corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.00 +WSD evaluation methodology TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.04 0.22 +speech-to-text conversion TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +unification-based phrase-structure TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.00 0.13 +knowledge-based information other 0.09 0.00 0.90 0.00 +spectral estimation TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +phoneme-to-grapheme conversion TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +text-based segmentation approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +grammar training TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.01 0.04 +definite description generation TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.00 +incremental disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +categorzafion TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +voicemail access TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.05 0.10 +graph simplification TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.02 0.39 +tex t categorization TechTool 0.60 0.33 0.07 0.00 +bag-of-words kernel TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.00 0.04 +diagrammatic notation TechTool 0.80 0.04 0.12 0.05 +german dictionary Linguistics 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 +component vector TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.03 +lorphotogical parsing TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.09 0.10 +active annotation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +100-word summarization TechTool 0.73 0.25 0.01 0.01 +Arabic word segmenter TechTool 0.77 0.21 0.01 0.01 +serbian Linguistics 0.25 0.53 0.18 0.05 +retrieval technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +text-production TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +context-dependent interpolation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.03 +learning algorithms TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +computational linguistics DSMMM 0.01 0.45 0.06 0.48 +minimum-cut-based segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +veritable research problem other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +probabilistic sentence reduction TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.01 0.38 +vector quantization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +conceptual dependency theory \ Linguistics 0.37 0.48 0.01 0.14 +count-based feature reduction TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.01 0.36 +quasi-destructive graph unification TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.02 0.11 +word frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.92 +sentential stress assignment TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.26 0.05 +cohesive text Linguistics 0.02 0.63 0.34 0.00 +multipass search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +conceptual dependency diagram ( cdd ) DSMMM 0.36 0.03 0.01 0.60 +entity machine transliteration TechTool 0.59 0.04 0.20 0.17 +robust parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sentence extraction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +error handling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +name\/alias recognition TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.04 0.00 +1-best recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.01 +methodology other 0.19 0.19 0.32 0.30 +clustering procedure TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +verb tag Linguistics 0.08 0.88 0.03 0.00 +chinese treebank Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.01 0.02 +context-dependent modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +collocation discovery TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +hard matching TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +frame scoping TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.00 0.00 +text-to-speech technology TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +knowledgeacquisition TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +statistical mt TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +dialogue duration DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.19 0.75 +morphological tagging TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.00 +interface generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +mutual information filter DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.10 0.70 +KPSG TechTool 0.73 0.06 0.07 0.15 +subjectivity extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +grammatical restriction Linguistics 0.10 0.71 0.05 0.15 +gaussian distribution DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.97 +category identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +accent recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +classifier combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +mutual knowledge paradox other 0.19 0.07 0.38 0.36 +syntactic feature generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +translation extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +standard evaluation metric DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +stochastic matching TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pronominal expression DSMMM 0.05 0.06 0.39 0.50 +window size DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.97 +mass storage DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.01 0.65 +disjunctive normal form TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.21 0.02 +japanese ne extraction TechTool 0.89 0.08 0.00 0.03 +dictionary construction TechTool 0.52 0.44 0.03 0.02 +grammar translation TechTool 0.84 0.12 0.01 0.02 +fsa utilities TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.09 0.03 +compound disambiguation algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +german word formation Linguistics 0.06 0.91 0.02 0.00 +opposite effect pos DSMMM 0.23 0.19 0.23 0.34 +query model DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.87 +rule-sharing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +instanceof-relation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.36 0.08 +linguistic string analysis TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.01 +head-orientation TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.12 0.06 +katz backoff smoothing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +data-driven parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +smt TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.10 0.10 +semiconductor TechTool 0.46 0.32 0.13 0.09 +visual information other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.01 +trigram speech recognition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +em method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +message clustering TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +translation template TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.03 0.06 +pause insertion TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +machine translation research other 0.47 0.01 0.51 0.00 +full-text expansion TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +regular alignment model TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +continuous-speech recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.01 +bigram probability estimation DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.72 +labeled training data Linguistics 0.02 0.80 0.18 0.01 +binary text categorization TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +downhill simplex algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +functional-semantic analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +part-ofspeech tagging TechTool 0.60 0.03 0.37 0.00 +multi-modal dialog TechTool 0.65 0.32 0.03 0.00 +text-to-speech mapping TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +sparse feature space DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.27 0.38 +database query generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +repair detection and correction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +speech tagger TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.01 +hypothesis recombination other 0.35 0.00 0.44 0.21 +commercial search engine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +advertisement corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +explanation generators TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.12 0.01 +graph-based dimensionality reduction DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.56 +lexical item other 0.07 0.27 0.65 0.00 +event categorization TechTool 0.80 0.18 0.02 0.00 +subword modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +multimodal annotation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +short noun phrase Linguistics 0.11 0.86 0.00 0.02 +drs construction TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.02 +web-corpus randomness Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.04 0.13 +probabdity thresholding TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.27 +ngram model DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.93 +parsers Linguistics 0.18 0.54 0.19 0.09 +representation specification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.07 +translation pairs Linguistics 0.05 0.90 0.03 0.02 +ne translation-pair extraction TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.01 0.04 +deductive parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +action represantation formalism TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +sentiment classification TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.01 +derivational variation other 0.02 0.00 0.60 0.38 +frequency-based language model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +binary feature TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.02 +information retrieval research TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +error-detection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +document normalization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +agent-agent interaction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +n-best list reranking TechTool 0.84 0.06 0.08 0.02 +bootstrapping algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +translational adequacy DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.45 0.52 +document summansatlon TechTool 0.67 0.24 0.07 0.02 +arabic morphological analyzer TechTool 0.87 0.09 0.04 0.00 +translation technology TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.15 0.00 +svm-based feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +noun phrase boundary Linguistics 0.31 0.66 0.00 0.03 +computational lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.01 0.06 +planning component TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +partial language analysis TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.03 +source language lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.06 0.01 +relevaoce theory \ Linguistics 0.44 0.54 0.01 0.01 +phrase-based translation TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.00 0.07 +representation structure TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.02 0.22 +bilingual disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +query modulation TechTool 0.65 0.05 0.16 0.14 +matrix manipulation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +computational model DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.93 +kullback-leibler distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.81 +right modification other 0.18 0.00 0.81 0.01 +paraameter estimation TechTool 0.47 0.33 0.16 0.04 +language mlderstanding TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +lambda training TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.00 0.03 +subword approach TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +iterative correction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bleu DSMMM 0.21 0.10 0.24 0.44 +concept dictionary Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.01 +nl modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +identification method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +baseline methods TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information summarisation other 0.33 0.00 0.66 0.00 +temporal resolution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +elastic matching TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +statement identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +corpus size DSMMM 0.00 0.32 0.00 0.68 +context window size DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.85 +lexical-based distance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.37 0.61 +suffix stemming TechTool 0.63 0.31 0.06 0.00 +parse table construction other 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.31 +splitting method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +char parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +pp disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +syntactic relations other 0.00 0.01 0.97 0.01 +phrase modification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +english sentence extraction TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.00 0.09 +phrase-representation summarization method TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +syllable structure Linguistics 0.01 0.36 0.36 0.27 +aesthetic formatting TechTool 0.66 0.04 0.29 0.01 +language processing research TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.00 +multikey quicksort algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +humor-recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +rule indexing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +hmm-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +database language Linguistics 0.09 0.77 0.11 0.03 +predicate-argument structures Linguistics 0.08 0.81 0.05 0.05 +glsa algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +c-box approach TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +english verb classification Linguistics 0.47 0.52 0.01 0.00 +exponential distribution DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.93 +japanese machine translation TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.01 0.01 +spelling error detection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +well-formed input other 0.05 0.02 0.92 0.00 +syntax analysis TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +character recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +context vector query TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +summarization problem other 0.39 0.00 0.61 0.00 +decomposition kernel TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +language query disambiguation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.01 +xscm method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +tag derivation TechTool 0.53 0.04 0.43 0.00 +medical question answering Linguistics 0.06 0.73 0.21 0.00 +pairwise coupling TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.02 0.24 +pattern weighting or induction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +word clustering TechTool 0.79 0.05 0.00 0.16 +llennel evangelista TechTool 0.68 0.12 0.14 0.06 +attachment score DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.95 +subjective nouns Linguistics 0.00 0.73 0.27 0.01 +text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +annotation type TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.37 0.01 +earley parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +maximum entropy-based machine translation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +inference generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +rc attachment TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.07 0.04 +mutual information DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.21 0.78 +translation output other 0.02 0.00 0.93 0.04 +variable renaming TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.00 0.13 +query distribution DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.95 +opinions other 0.14 0.14 0.43 0.29 +trie-based modeling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +translation knowledge other 0.04 0.03 0.93 0.00 +null adjunction constraint TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +english web Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.05 0.04 +sentential alignment TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.03 0.04 +thesaurus extraction TechTool 0.79 0.21 0.00 0.01 +10-fold crossvalidation TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.07 0.01 +boolean retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +hyponymy relation other 0.01 0.00 0.77 0.22 +abstract meaning representation TechTool 0.42 0.20 0.18 0.20 +linguistic utterance other 0.01 0.48 0.48 0.02 +mmie training TechTool 0.75 0.18 0.03 0.04 +fusion algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +loglike coefficient DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.88 +sequence probability DSMMM 0.00 0.07 0.08 0.85 +document indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word production TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.09 0.03 +nl-based information-extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +code generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +textual anaphora other 0.24 0.06 0.70 0.00 +quasi-tree DSMMM 0.13 0.03 0.04 0.81 +statistically-derived lexicon other 0.09 0.32 0.51 0.08 +subcategorization frame Linguistics 0.44 0.54 0.02 0.00 +yapex corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +range concatenation language [ rcl ] TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.01 +tractable inference TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +protein\/gene recognition TechTool 0.63 0.02 0.35 0.00 +text segment other 0.17 0.13 0.69 0.01 +statistical search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +treebank-based parsing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +bilingual word clustering TechTool 0.58 0.32 0.00 0.10 +on-line interaction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.04 +markup language TechTool 0.52 0.36 0.11 0.00 +automatic indexing problem TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +intersentential pronoun other 0.28 0.35 0.38 0.00 +lexical bootstrapping TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.03 0.00 +muc-6 co training material Linguistics 0.07 0.46 0.46 0.01 +syntactic lexical-functional grammars TechTool 0.80 0.17 0.02 0.00 +nearest neighbour classification techniques TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multi-level translation TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.05 0.00 +sociology TechTool 0.48 0.14 0.12 0.27 +probabilistic pronoun resolution TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +german speech recognition TechTool 0.72 0.25 0.03 0.00 +datebase TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +lattice structure DSMMM 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.75 +noun compound interpretation Linguistics 0.15 0.82 0.00 0.02 +paraphrasing\/circumlocution TechTool 0.86 0.06 0.03 0.06 +parallel sentence extraction TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.00 0.03 +log-likelihood ratio association DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.93 +si corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.01 +conversational material other 0.04 0.04 0.93 0.00 +forward-chaining reasoning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tag estimation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +iterbi TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +knowledge-based generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +word-lattice parsing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +accusative case other 0.36 0.02 0.51 0.11 +discourse unit Linguistics 0.05 0.66 0.24 0.06 +kt-set test collection Linguistics 0.15 0.80 0.04 0.01 +discourse connective Linguistics 0.20 0.67 0.12 0.00 +annotated phrase-structure grammar Linguistics 0.43 0.53 0.00 0.03 +document smoothing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +lit parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +analytical question answering TechTool 0.82 0.04 0.13 0.01 +paraphrase-oriented discovery TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +mesh training TechTool 0.54 0.38 0.02 0.07 +bayesian ensemble TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +chinese-japanese alignment TechTool 0.71 0.27 0.00 0.02 +speech recognition error TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.11 0.18 +minor syntactic category Linguistics 0.21 0.54 0.24 0.00 +utterance segmentation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +gpl runtime environment other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.01 +attachment ambiguity TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.28 0.03 +cross-linguistic observation TechTool 0.44 0.02 0.42 0.13 +topical relatedness DSMMM 0.08 0.04 0.27 0.61 +da classification TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +script generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sign recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +noun phrase coreference Linguistics 0.35 0.61 0.00 0.04 +lexesp corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +japanese mt research TechTool 0.55 0.08 0.37 0.00 +incremental interpretation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +probabilistic search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +machine translation ( Mt ) system TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.02 +english text retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +dete dialogue management TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.04 0.00 +computer text generation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +actor other 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.05 +automatic term clustering TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +computer science Linguistics 0.10 0.86 0.01 0.03 +summarization evaluation tool TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +denotation Linguistics 0.22 0.55 0.18 0.06 +sentential processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +speech recognition word and sentence error rate DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.93 +segment tagging TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +disambiguation problem other 0.43 0.00 0.57 0.00 +test gold standard Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.00 0.04 +fast parsing algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +inter-tagger agreement TechTool 0.49 0.04 0.02 0.45 +parsingas-deduction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic topic clustering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +tdmt TechTool 0.75 0.04 0.10 0.11 +argument identification TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.07 0.00 +case frame editor TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +word confusion network DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.09 0.87 +svm regression TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dimensionality DSMMM 0.09 0.17 0.28 0.47 +utility maximization principle DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.04 0.53 +non-sgml database TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.31 0.01 +clausal boundary ambiguity other 0.08 0.00 0.92 0.00 +newspaper language Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.04 0.00 +template learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +data-oriented learning TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.29 0.01 +svm-based chunking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +keyword expansion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +secondary stress other 0.23 0.19 0.55 0.03 +entity type other 0.05 0.06 0.66 0.23 +digital processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +logic-based grammar formalism TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +jointtesting\/cascaded-training TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.01 +nominal apposition Linguistics 0.04 0.87 0.10 0.00 +unsupervised relation learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +corpus collection Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +term generator TechTool 0.60 0.02 0.00 0.38 +graph-partitioning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.26 +gene name recognition TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.09 0.00 +syllabic framework TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +user customization TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.13 0.07 +feature measurement TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.02 0.18 +error correction method TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +synonyms expansion DSMMM 0.40 0.04 0.07 0.49 +name lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +grammar code TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.00 0.02 +systemic linguistic theory Linguistics 0.09 0.75 0.15 0.02 +part-of-speech-based criterion TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.02 0.02 +concept acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +discourse popping other 0.16 0.19 0.64 0.01 +network analysis TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +tree edit distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +lexical features other 0.01 0.21 0.78 0.00 +semantic type compatibility other 0.18 0.00 0.52 0.30 +sejong treebank Linguistics 0.09 0.84 0.05 0.02 +alignment problem other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +token-based disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +decomposition operator TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +iterative query formulation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +collocation extraction TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.00 0.11 +inter-sentential resolution TechTool 0.80 0.16 0.02 0.02 +structured classification TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +logical analysis method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +ir framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +induction algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multistack search TechTool 0.39 0.10 0.37 0.14 +reprise TechTool 0.67 0.09 0.12 0.11 +if-then production TechTool 0.57 0.07 0.01 0.35 +document construction TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.14 0.01 +noun-noun similarity Linguistics 0.01 0.52 0.00 0.47 +answer extraction and ranking TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.07 0.15 +rule scoring TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +written corpora Linguistics 0.03 0.87 0.10 0.00 +verb phrase Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +database collection and analysis TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +descriptor Linguistics 0.20 0.54 0.20 0.06 +simplex algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +natural language dialog TechTool 0.44 0.17 0.39 0.00 +implicit feedback information other 0.19 0.00 0.81 0.00 +essay analysis TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.00 +problemsolving TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +terms selection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +axiomatization TechTool 0.63 0.12 0.13 0.13 +satisfiability problem other 0.18 0.00 0.82 0.00 +nlp technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +quadratic-time alignment TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +linguistic-and-template hybrid system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +rhetorical grammar Linguistics 0.15 0.76 0.01 0.07 +random walk optimization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +spot other 0.32 0.08 0.36 0.25 +datr TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +timit corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.02 +logical well-formedness conditions DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.19 0.51 +intelligent query expansion TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +phonetic scoring TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.04 0.30 +human-human dialogue other 0.09 0.37 0.53 0.01 +fs matching TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +prosodic break DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.06 0.53 +unsupervised word alignment TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +syntactic processing research TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.15 0.00 +computatjional linguistics TechTool 0.32 0.25 0.22 0.21 +machine-readable corpora Linguistics 0.06 0.92 0.01 0.01 +named-entity tagging TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.01 0.01 +term filtering DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.60 +auxiliary verb type Linguistics 0.10 0.82 0.07 0.00 +baurn-welch ml training algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +table boundary other 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.29 +triphone analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.03 +background model DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.93 +spreading-activation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +database relation other 0.12 0.00 0.83 0.04 +recombinative animation other 0.20 0.22 0.49 0.10 +greedy construction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +z-score DSMMM 0.06 0.09 0.00 0.84 +nlp task other 0.33 0.00 0.67 0.00 +groningen TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +information dissemination other 0.18 0.00 0.82 0.00 +metrics-based evaluation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.01 0.41 +eornmon-sense knowledge system TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +noisy output other 0.07 0.00 0.90 0.03 +tabular parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +machine-generated text TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +svdpack TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +supervised learning framework TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +experimental evaluation TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.05 0.16 +frame attribute TechTool 0.63 0.30 0.03 0.04 +minipar TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +partial theory other 0.29 0.02 0.66 0.02 +logic grammar TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +language determination TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.09 0.05 +vector matching TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +interactive spoken dialogue TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.16 0.00 +text quality DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 +gnu public license Linguistics 0.08 0.76 0.11 0.05 +morphological form other 0.10 0.22 0.69 0.00 +phonemic representation TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.08 0.29 +expectation semiring TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.04 0.30 +histogram-based training TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.01 0.08 +unsupervised technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +approximate training TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.28 +bayesian model DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +pos error detection TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +belief ascription TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.33 0.05 +collapsing TechTool 0.61 0.11 0.22 0.05 +linguistic information processing TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +induction hypothesis TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.01 +action represantation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +goal freezing other 0.25 0.00 0.74 0.00 +support vector machines TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +technical translation Linguistics 0.05 0.68 0.27 0.00 +written discourse other 0.15 0.04 0.81 0.00 +collaborative negotiation other 0.39 0.00 0.60 0.00 +tree linearization TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.49 +text pre-processing TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.01 +feature relevance weighting TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +evolutionary feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +voice interactive system TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +subject preference other 0.05 0.05 0.82 0.08 +data construction other 0.45 0.00 0.46 0.09 +new word construction TechTool 0.80 0.18 0.01 0.02 +unsupervised bootstrapping TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +automatic textual entailment recognition TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +cml treatment TechTool 0.53 0.09 0.38 0.00 +automated service TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +decision-tree model DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.57 +alignment procedure TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +transductive clustering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +predict-support algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +underspecified chart representations TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.04 +answer scoring DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.05 0.64 +virtual reality environment other 0.43 0.03 0.54 0.00 +german-english word-alignment TechTool 0.53 0.45 0.00 0.02 +rosetta translation system TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +electronic surveillance TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.25 0.00 +index-based parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +mean subtraction DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.55 +two-class classifier postfiltering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +COMPLEX Linguistics 0.19 0.47 0.17 0.17 +example-based syntactic transfer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +markov transducer estimation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +search strategy TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +mt formalism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +entity indexing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +adaptive statistical modelling technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +free text corpora Linguistics 0.08 0.89 0.03 0.00 +spoken tutoring TechTool 0.51 0.08 0.41 0.00 +bilingual lexicon entries Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.03 0.01 +instance-based approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tile reader other 0.01 0.01 0.66 0.31 +confidence annotation TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.35 +topic shift other 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.23 +lexicalist prediction technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +nonlinear optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +lambda expression DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.01 0.70 +tile summarizer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +fully-automated evaluation TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.00 0.04 +language understanding TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.06 0.06 +lhe projection TechTool 0.57 0.02 0.16 0.26 +phrase meaning Linguistics 0.04 0.91 0.00 0.04 +corpus-based parsing TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.00 0.03 +genus sense disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.04 0.00 +ibl classifier TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +syntactic error DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.25 0.43 +menu-driven interface TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +semantic structure DSMMM 0.28 0.24 0.19 0.29 +numerical gradient ascent TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +language parser TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.03 +sentence meaning Linguistics 0.03 0.80 0.02 0.15 +initiative holder agreement DSMMM 0.18 0.19 0.04 0.59 +sign recognition and translation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.02 +constraint logic programming TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +language acquisition model TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +structured representation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.25 0.04 +janus speech recognizer TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +transfer rules TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.10 +peripheral processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +conjugation form other 0.10 0.18 0.70 0.02 +tree insertion TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.07 +summalization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +natural language utterance other 0.10 0.25 0.65 0.00 +taxonomic similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +speech-search algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +statistical estimation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +adverbial phrase Linguistics 0.13 0.86 0.00 0.01 +acoustic model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.94 +edp algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +random sample Linguistics 0.07 0.90 0.01 0.02 +automatic query refmement TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +storage allocation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +linear model regression TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +multi-style training TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.07 0.00 +example-based learning approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +subtree-torule conversion TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.01 +discourse tree DSMMM 0.01 0.17 0.07 0.74 +interlingua-based machine translation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.02 +lexical resources Linguistics 0.01 0.57 0.42 0.00 +terms extraction TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.01 0.19 +language processing systems TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +deduction Linguistics 0.23 0.34 0.31 0.12 +expression DSMMM 0.02 0.13 0.38 0.48 +temporal inference engine TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +data mining TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.02 +consensus translation Linguistics 0.03 0.67 0.20 0.10 +bottom-up grammar traversal TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.04 0.14 +multi-dimensional scaling TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.02 0.15 +verb final language Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.04 0.00 +german generation TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +deterministic processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +context-free language TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.09 0.01 +uniform distribution DSMMM 0.08 0.11 0.00 0.81 +sentence connectivity DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.04 0.90 +ontology acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +corpus-based anaphora resolution TechTool 0.68 0.31 0.00 0.00 +meta-bootstrapping TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +domain question answering other 0.25 0.19 0.54 0.01 +phonetic alignment TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.04 +edit distance algorithm DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.50 +concept extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +ne recognition system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +training time DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.63 +identity operation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.01 +english vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.08 0.04 +statistical induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word-based retrieval TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.15 +anaphoricity determination system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +transfer system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +japanese morphological analyzer TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.01 0.00 +non-perceptual knowledge other 0.08 0.00 0.90 0.01 +kenmorc knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +query analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +probabilistic parse selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +unification algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +chance agreement DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.88 +proteinprotein interaction corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.79 0.17 0.02 +non-application-specific corpus extraction TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.03 0.01 +flat-size grouping TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.03 0.16 +intentional structure other 0.03 0.06 0.71 0.21 +rule creation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +multi-lingual information TechTool 0.61 0.04 0.35 0.00 +statistical jttpanese dependency analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +rule coverage DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.04 0.68 +language generation and parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +transducer approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +idl-based search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +costs DSMMM 0.04 0.24 0.09 0.63 +czech-english statistical machine translation system TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.00 0.00 +conversational structure other 0.16 0.06 0.73 0.04 +tense classification TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +genia TechTool 0.64 0.10 0.14 0.11 +bayesian discrimination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +answerfinder TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +extraction method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +probabifistic parser TechTool 0.67 0.21 0.09 0.04 +posterior-lattice indexing TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +incremental unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language-model based search engine TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +language presupposition Linguistics 0.14 0.60 0.23 0.03 +propbank annotation scheme TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.10 0.00 +recognition-time adaptation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +topic recognition model DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.89 +name recognizer TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.00 0.01 +keyword indexing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +question search TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +disjunctive entry condition TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.02 +dialogue pronoun resolution TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.05 0.00 +answer extraction TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.22 +information visualization other 0.44 0.00 0.55 0.00 +iterative training TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +equivalent-word match TechTool 0.54 0.12 0.01 0.33 +answer generation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.16 0.08 +semi-automatic simulation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +manual entailment judgment other 0.45 0.00 0.53 0.02 +grouping other 0.19 0.16 0.50 0.15 +gpa training TechTool 0.67 0.26 0.04 0.04 +html generation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +part of speech information other 0.03 0.05 0.92 0.00 +im dialogue other 0.05 0.33 0.62 0.00 +vector learning TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +closure algorithm TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.07 0.11 +speaker verification TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.35 0.05 +reference translation TechTool 0.69 0.08 0.23 0.00 +structural information other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.00 +word boundary and stress other 0.18 0.16 0.61 0.06 +distributional analyser TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.02 0.05 +verb number other 0.00 0.46 0.48 0.06 +nl application TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +interactive relaxation parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +topic structure Linguistics 0.01 0.56 0.32 0.11 +annotated corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +generative lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.01 0.04 +speech recognition and understanding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +lexical database wordnet Linguistics 0.04 0.78 0.18 0.00 +philosophical logic TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.13 0.00 +english machine translation TechTool 0.87 0.09 0.03 0.01 +learning-based coreference resolution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +geopolitical entity DSMMM 0.05 0.28 0.27 0.40 +german corpus investigation Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.00 +summarization procedure TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +grammar projection TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.01 0.49 +posterior context model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.90 +chunk-aligned parallel training corpora Linguistics 0.04 0.95 0.01 0.00 +state automaton other 0.36 0.01 0.49 0.14 +generative phonology Linguistics 0.02 0.71 0.07 0.19 +estimate grammar rule TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.01 0.41 +value weighting DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +spoken language input other 0.09 0.21 0.70 0.00 +sequence comparison TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +co-occurrence information other 0.05 0.01 0.90 0.04 +named-entity classification TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +agenda-based probabilistic chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +fine-grained sense identification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +machine learn technique TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +linear parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +e-k conversion other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +sentence plan DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.12 0.59 +human language acquisition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +heuristic strategy TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.02 +trellis-based estimation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +semantic role labeling TechTool 0.65 0.10 0.25 0.00 +tree algorithm TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +n-way classification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.03 +cfg filter technique TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +dependency grammar \ TechTool 0.61 0.28 0.00 0.11 +dynamic programming scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +wordnet thesaurus Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 +tipster corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.08 0.00 +accented english pronunciation other 0.03 0.46 0.51 0.01 +segmentation parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unlabeled parser TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.02 +relative adnoun clause Linguistics 0.38 0.45 0.17 0.00 +self organizing map other 0.29 0.01 0.59 0.12 +grammar code system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +automatic prediction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +language model perplexity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +vocabulary Linguistics 0.13 0.62 0.17 0.08 +identification model TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +slang other 0.13 0.34 0.48 0.05 +large vocabulary isolated word recognition TechTool 0.68 0.21 0.10 0.01 +letter-to-stress conversion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +word-level classifier TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.01 0.07 +automate evaluation technique TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.02 0.16 +beam thresholding TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +character dotplot TechTool 0.47 0.02 0.15 0.37 +structure unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +unification framework TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +fragment finding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +new stem acquisition TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.00 +verbal adjunct Linguistics 0.01 0.54 0.45 0.00 +dops system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +reasoning TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.17 0.07 +contextual feature TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.04 0.13 +non-parametric kernel estimation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +list induction algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +rule-extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +data-driven model section DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.87 +domain-specific inference TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +loglinear analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +predicate classification TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +classifler-based method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +non-native speech other 0.01 0.03 0.91 0.05 +integrated natural language interface TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +eurowordnet interlingual index TechTool 0.83 0.12 0.04 0.01 +path coreference TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.03 0.15 +Korean Phonology Structure Grammar ( KPSG ) TechTool 0.76 0.21 0.00 0.03 +discriminative pruning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +human error analysis TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.13 0.08 +similarity matching TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +machine translation quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +frequency smoothing DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.81 +beam search strategy TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.08 +nist score DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.98 +derivation process other 0.04 0.00 0.96 0.00 +sublanguage analysis TechTool 0.73 0.19 0.08 0.00 +summarisation evaluation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +contextual sense disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +ftag grammar TechTool 0.80 0.13 0.01 0.06 +gender determination TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +trigram-based language identifier TechTool 0.72 0.02 0.01 0.25 +transductive learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +compositional information other 0.13 0.10 0.75 0.02 +phrase-structure information TechTool 0.42 0.15 0.36 0.08 +content\/function word classification TechTool 0.84 0.06 0.07 0.03 +term detection TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.40 +ldoce coding system TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.01 0.00 +computational linguistics corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.80 0.01 0.19 +morphologicm analysis TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.01 +natulal language processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +rule optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +binary semantic class classification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +hmm-based word-to-phrase alignment model DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +answer resolution TechTool 0.85 0.05 0.05 0.05 +supervised treebank pcfg TechTool 0.77 0.21 0.00 0.01 +fixed-length vector TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.24 +syntactic function other 0.33 0.23 0.39 0.05 +english prosody Linguistics 0.01 0.73 0.25 0.02 +task management TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +semantic lexicon creation TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.07 0.01 +naive maximum likelihood DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.63 +cross-language word similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.88 +hypothesis generation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.16 0.02 +grannnar rule TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.15 0.03 +numerical scoring TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.38 +bounded matching mechanism TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +subtree pair Linguistics 0.24 0.64 0.06 0.05 +noisy training material TechTool 0.52 0.19 0.28 0.01 +sentence representation DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.01 0.53 +memm tagger TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +brazilian portuguese Linguistics 0.05 0.93 0.01 0.01 +marker occurrence TechTool 0.67 0.18 0.09 0.05 +paramax speak language understanding system TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.05 0.03 +arabic disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +inductive reasoning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +palsumm hybrid summarization TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +human cognition other 0.02 0.21 0.75 0.01 +concept clustering TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.00 0.03 +text processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +parse DSMMM 0.32 0.18 0.14 0.35 +semi-automatic simulation technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +word-occurrence TechTool 0.57 0.03 0.04 0.36 +similar sense dispersion TechTool 0.72 0.14 0.14 0.00 +full text search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +statistical chunking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +morpheme extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +statistical sense-disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +local optimization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +automated training TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +language understmlding TechTool 0.60 0.13 0.12 0.15 +sense Linguistics 0.24 0.44 0.16 0.17 +corpus-based natural language understanding TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.01 0.02 +discourse boundary type other 0.38 0.09 0.53 0.00 +terminology-based knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.00 +patent retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +phonetic analysis TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.19 0.01 +machine-learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +question parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +biography collection Linguistics 0.03 0.73 0.23 0.00 +file accessing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +term clustering DSMMM 0.45 0.01 0.00 0.54 +building discourse structure TechTool 0.71 0.11 0.14 0.04 +full-text expansion method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +mapping TechTool 0.37 0.23 0.21 0.19 +boyer-moore algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +preprocessing TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +evaluations TechTool 0.50 0.10 0.23 0.18 +argument composition DSMMM 0.07 0.19 0.34 0.40 +summarization TechTool 0.40 0.37 0.19 0.04 +surface realizer TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.27 0.12 +bilingual parallel corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +remote sensing TechTool 0.73 0.04 0.15 0.08 +likelihood decoding DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +lecture processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +type inference TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +interactive system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +knowledge-representation formalism TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +real-time tracking TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +lexical alignment TechTool 0.82 0.11 0.07 0.00 +inverted document frequency DSMMM 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.94 +cross-speaker recognition TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +structured learning TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +subsumption Linguistics 0.18 0.36 0.35 0.11 +viewpoint-based summarization TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.01 +smmnarization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +semantic dependency analysis TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.04 0.05 +chinese-to-english translation TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.00 0.02 +thc hest TechTool 0.66 0.03 0.29 0.02 +valence theory other 0.03 0.44 0.49 0.04 +vowel lengthening other 0.06 0.05 0.62 0.28 +training sample ~ Linguistics 0.36 0.59 0.05 0.00 +automatic indexing system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +direct error minimization TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.01 +topic collection Linguistics 0.01 0.59 0.39 0.01 +linguistic entity Linguistics 0.02 0.38 0.29 0.31 +transformation-based indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +morphological mlalyser TechTool 0.45 0.28 0.14 0.13 +selectional preference TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +symmetric alignment TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +resource construction TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.22 0.01 +graph theory algorithms TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.13 0.10 +rapid text skimming TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +dynamic bayesian nets TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +linguistic knowledge other 0.02 0.07 0.91 0.00 +localization TechTool 0.52 0.08 0.33 0.08 +lexicon provider Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.03 0.01 +biomedical corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +n-gram re-estimation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.01 0.10 +translation example TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +modeling power DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.92 +argument relationship other 0.00 0.01 0.95 0.04 +language processing and\/or understanding TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +conneetionist language processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.01 +histogram pruning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +statistical sentence parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +synonymy relation other 0.01 0.00 0.77 0.22 +weak learner TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +nondeterministic top-down backtracking parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +meta-communication TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.46 0.00 +rvm training TechTool 0.74 0.18 0.03 0.04 +domain relevance extraction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +multisentential discourse Linguistics 0.02 0.59 0.39 0.00 +english text categorization TechTool 0.73 0.24 0.03 0.00 +dependency representation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.01 0.48 +generative modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +predicate-argument structure Linguistics 0.09 0.83 0.03 0.06 +greedy segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +horn clause resolution TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +sound parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +average gain ratio DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +chinese data entry Linguistics 0.05 0.75 0.03 0.17 +iterative hillclimbing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +second-order-multiple-output conversion TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +cosine similarity measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +online communication other 0.32 0.00 0.68 0.00 +semantic formalism TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +iterative algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +discourse structure derivation other 0.30 0.07 0.62 0.00 +graph representation DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.51 +thesaurus tree DSMMM 0.01 0.48 0.00 0.51 +determiner Linguistics 0.10 0.61 0.16 0.13 +tagged corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +language dialogue system TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.05 0.04 +sentence completion TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.07 0.33 +automated japanese essay scoring TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +transitional probability DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +english pos-tags TechTool 0.63 0.33 0.03 0.00 +wysiwym TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.15 0.11 +case marking TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.35 0.05 +web crawler and indexer other 0.23 0.06 0.64 0.07 +episodic logic TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +hierarchical interpolation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +structured test suite Linguistics 0.24 0.50 0.25 0.01 +knowledge extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +analogy Linguistics 0.32 0.37 0.15 0.17 +subtree swapping TechTool 0.54 0.24 0.16 0.05 +frequency weighting DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +bayesian learn TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.04 +mouse-sensitive simulated radar screen TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.35 0.03 +data-directed rule TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.29 0.21 +language understanding system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +frame detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +communicative intercourse other 0.10 0.11 0.78 0.01 +automatic spelling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +speaker-dependent recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.01 +communicative structure other 0.14 0.19 0.62 0.06 +markov random field DSMMM 0.12 0.08 0.11 0.69 +description tree grammars DSMMM 0.44 0.02 0.01 0.54 +pattern-based extraction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +left-corner parsiug TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.23 0.09 +annealing clustering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +relational link TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.03 0.26 +speech-to-speech machine translation TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.01 0.02 +unsupervised text categorization TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +topic-independent recognizer TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.01 0.00 +discourse parsing disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +synchronization TechTool 0.41 0.18 0.23 0.18 +modeltheoretic interpretation TechTool 0.36 0.14 0.36 0.14 +text organization other 0.06 0.10 0.80 0.04 +full text indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text structure information other 0.03 0.04 0.92 0.00 +parse selection module TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +string translation model DSMMM 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.90 +folding route tree DSMMM 0.09 0.04 0.25 0.62 +linguistics-based knowledge other 0.21 0.09 0.60 0.10 +indexing accuracy DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +unsupervised sense clustering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +fine-grained sense-tagging TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.00 +analysis disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +rule-based disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multi-document summarization system TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +language processing \ TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.00 0.02 +search mechanism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +defeasibility TechTool 0.64 0.07 0.20 0.09 +graph-based ranking TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +speech technology TechTool 0.70 0.07 0.22 0.01 +decision list induction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +grammar recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +context identification and characterization TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +grammar tutoring TechTool 0.70 0.03 0.27 0.00 +code identification and conversion TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +snow architecture TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +language processing ~ TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.01 +stack-based search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.08 +tag perplexity DSMMM 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.88 +path resolution TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +community other 0.09 0.20 0.51 0.20 +weighted constraint optimization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +automatic pattern mining TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +collocational analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.07 +automatic text analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +crl ne data Linguistics 0.01 0.81 0.10 0.08 +manual question classification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +monadic first order logic TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +modal operator TechTool 0.81 0.18 0.00 0.01 +text categorization problem other 0.39 0.00 0.61 0.00 +topicalised material other 0.04 0.39 0.57 0.00 +text-tophonemes tool TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.04 0.00 +example-based tagging TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +corpora Linguistics 0.07 0.67 0.11 0.14 +training document Linguistics 0.04 0.92 0.03 0.01 +english morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.06 0.00 +expectation-maximization-based induction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.02 +linguistic adequacy other 0.00 0.09 0.48 0.42 +information states other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.01 +english language model DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.95 +aggregation framework TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +semantic space other 0.01 0.00 0.51 0.48 +stochastictransducer TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +lexical cues model other 0.01 0.07 0.65 0.27 +automatic question-answering TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +automatic summarization research TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +name transliteration procedure TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.02 +description extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +vector-valued utility function DSMMM 0.43 0.02 0.05 0.50 +dimensionalized space other 0.04 0.11 0.65 0.20 +interactive speech translation TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +controlled language mt TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.18 0.07 +directed inferencing TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +class detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +rule-based processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +collaborative planning discourse TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.29 0.00 +deterministic table recognition other 0.19 0.00 0.70 0.12 +Boolean conditions TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.19 0.04 +voice synthesis TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.46 0.00 +two-phase generation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +terminological variation other 0.01 0.00 0.59 0.40 +mysql TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +parallel scheduling TechTool 0.85 0.11 0.04 0.00 +adaptation paradigm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +tree access DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.01 0.54 +gnome corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.01 +word sense induction TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +syntactic analysis system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +argument propagation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.09 0.02 +explanatory combinatorial dictionary Linguistics 0.15 0.84 0.01 0.00 +language modeling toolkit TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +connected-speech recognizer TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +web interface TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.12 0.05 +support vector machine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +feature discovery TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automated language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +text-segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +resource creation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +upenn tag set Linguistics 0.13 0.45 0.41 0.01 +primary sample selection TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +greek genre classification Linguistics 0.38 0.60 0.01 0.00 +latent semantic space DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.42 0.57 +wsi evaluation TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.02 0.34 +knowledge representation and reasoning TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +weight thresholds DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +language navigation interface TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +top-down backtrack TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.02 0.20 +information source other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.00 +random-walk TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.00 0.03 +chunking parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +chinese text understanding TechTool 0.78 0.18 0.02 0.01 +mean agreement score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +non-pronoun resolution classifler TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +headline word selection TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.02 0.02 +classification algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +baurn-welch ml training TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +multimedia fusion TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +classifier-based sense resolution TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +transfer machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +re-generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +non-hierarchical clustering TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +semantic role tagger TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.17 0.00 +hybrid constituency\/dependency TechTool 0.84 0.06 0.08 0.03 +parallel corpus-based grammar induction TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.01 +syntagmatic structure DSMMM 0.07 0.38 0.13 0.42 +bible corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.04 +assembly system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linguistica algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +discourse connectives Linguistics 0.01 0.79 0.20 0.00 +retrieving TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +demonstrative pronoun Linguistics 0.27 0.71 0.02 0.00 +language engineering research TechTool 0.54 0.08 0.38 0.00 +binary decision tree TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +entity normalization TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.01 0.27 +parser induction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +citation analysis TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.01 +dialog corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.00 0.02 +length correction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +lexical selection TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.04 0.00 +lexical research other 0.06 0.32 0.62 0.00 +backoff smoothing technique TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +crossvalidation TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.18 0.09 +voice control other 0.40 0.00 0.48 0.12 +full text understanding TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +scheme combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +activity tag TechTool 0.38 0.27 0.34 0.01 +automated acquisition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +aspect marking other 0.07 0.00 0.92 0.01 +dialogue processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +antecedent recovery TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +intelligent simulation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +human sentence processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.05 +automatic text retrieval TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +formalism DSMMM 0.31 0.15 0.16 0.39 +category specification TechTool 0.39 0.08 0.39 0.14 +bleu metric DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.96 +feature projection TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.02 0.40 +incrementm training TechTool 0.68 0.22 0.06 0.04 +search engine TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +incremental learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +tolerance hierarchy DSMMM 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.87 +tabular representation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.04 0.17 +verb substitution TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +parsing extrammatical language TechTool 0.73 0.10 0.07 0.09 +static disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +abductive reasoning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +essay Linguistics 0.23 0.46 0.25 0.06 +context features other 0.04 0.00 0.86 0.10 +spontaneous speech parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +attribute propagation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.04 0.13 +language understanding task other 0.46 0.00 0.53 0.01 +inferences other 0.26 0.17 0.38 0.19 +classification rule TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +latent semantic kernel TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +tagger generation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +speaker-adaptive training TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +opinion category Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.47 0.01 +treelet phrase extraction TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.00 0.05 +classi er combination TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +negative sample selection TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.01 +long distance movement DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.67 +syntactic structure prediction TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.02 0.07 +cky-style parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +english content word Linguistics 0.01 0.86 0.10 0.04 +psychiatric interview Linguistics 0.24 0.45 0.30 0.01 +patent watch Linguistics 0.12 0.68 0.16 0.05 +constraint-based parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +group-average clustering TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.00 0.13 +montague grammars TechTool 0.77 0.23 0.00 0.00 +sigmoid function TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.16 0.17 +classification correction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bottom-up recursive stress assignment TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +weighted edit distance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.97 +asr\/telephony server TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.22 0.00 +corpus-based data-mining TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.01 0.04 +index TechTool 0.52 0.14 0.20 0.14 +text generator TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +fsm construction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +relevance-prediction TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +memory consumption TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.32 0.07 +chinese gigaword corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +bilingual education other 0.12 0.41 0.45 0.02 +agglutinative language Linguistics 0.18 0.78 0.03 0.00 +n-gram induction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.04 0.10 +thesatmm TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +phonological encoding TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.23 0.02 +probabilistic disambiguation method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +memory management TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +grammatical construction TechTool 0.81 0.04 0.14 0.01 +computational dialogue other 0.14 0.32 0.44 0.10 +clause splitting TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +attribute joining TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.22 0.02 +eijiro translation dictionary Linguistics 0.10 0.88 0.02 0.01 +inheritance network TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +collocation extraction \ TechTool 0.67 0.29 0.00 0.05 +large collection analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +dependency structure DSMMM 0.08 0.32 0.03 0.56 +instantiation TechTool 0.45 0.23 0.18 0.14 +test set Linguistics 0.00 0.86 0.05 0.10 +topic evolution other 0.02 0.09 0.86 0.03 +lexical variation other 0.00 0.02 0.96 0.02 +mental state other 0.00 0.03 0.90 0.06 +grammar modification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +factored extraction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.03 +stochastic search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +chinese language nlp TechTool 0.45 0.39 0.06 0.10 +fasil email summariser TechTool 0.63 0.10 0.26 0.00 +face recognition other 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.01 +inter-rater agreement DSMMM 0.02 0.32 0.02 0.63 +unification grammar \ TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +topic exploration other 0.22 0.02 0.74 0.01 +pronoun case other 0.04 0.00 0.88 0.08 +memory-based reasoning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +oracle translation TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.01 0.02 +decision rule TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +nugget-based evaluation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +answer retrieval TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +graph spanning DSMMM 0.27 0.02 0.02 0.69 +morpheme handling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +linguistics data Linguistics 0.00 0.67 0.13 0.20 +grammar development platform TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.01 +argument understanding TechTool 0.75 0.14 0.11 0.01 +plan execution TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +non-compositional meaning Linguistics 0.33 0.61 0.04 0.02 +cas evaluation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.02 0.11 +citation similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.07 0.91 +multikey quicksort TechTool 0.75 0.12 0.07 0.06 +selective confirmation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.01 +place name recognition TechTool 0.78 0.21 0.01 0.00 +dialogue simulation TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +language model scoring DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.60 +rule-based tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +recognition accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +iterative procedure TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +language modelling and parsing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +dialogue tutoring other 0.29 0.08 0.63 0.00 +korean speech Linguistics 0.00 0.85 0.12 0.03 +fuzzy maxent TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.07 +comma Linguistics 0.11 0.61 0.16 0.12 +partial matcher TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +text comprehension TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.19 0.01 +sentence compaction TechTool 0.57 0.04 0.09 0.30 +single-link clustering TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +paradise evaluation framework TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.00 0.09 +treelet translation TechTool 0.56 0.37 0.04 0.02 +matrix decomposition TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +patent analysis TechTool 0.85 0.06 0.08 0.00 +textual information retrieval TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.01 +symmetrization TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +namedentity TechTool 0.63 0.10 0.15 0.12 +pattern abstraction and combination TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.02 +multidimensional markup TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.09 0.01 +knowledge search TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +lexicon translation Linguistics 0.06 0.93 0.01 0.01 +english-to-korean text translation TechTool 0.84 0.15 0.00 0.00 +prepositional phrase disambiguation TechTool 0.64 0.36 0.00 0.00 +error detection and correction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +generation method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +parameter training TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.14 0.05 +perceptron system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +computer-aided semantic knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +word ngram modeling TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.01 0.15 +data access TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.05 0.29 +computer-based processing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +bilingual parallel corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +discourse grammar Linguistics 0.22 0.74 0.02 0.02 +word correspondence extraction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +grammatical constraint TechTool 0.65 0.15 0.19 0.02 +knowledge mining TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +tag analysis TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +problem solver TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +automatic software composition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +hindi-english sentence pair Linguistics 0.32 0.57 0.01 0.10 +particle sense classification TechTool 0.70 0.29 0.01 0.00 +radio news corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +smt model DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.84 +example-based correction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +datenbank-dialog TechTool 0.74 0.16 0.09 0.02 +boundary segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +asian language Linguistics 0.07 0.86 0.06 0.01 +relation learning TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +noun clustering TechTool 0.49 0.48 0.00 0.03 +spoken language processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +sundial dialogue Linguistics 0.06 0.51 0.42 0.01 +idiom processing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +dialogue act other 0.04 0.10 0.85 0.00 +cluster reduction other 0.32 0.00 0.38 0.30 +phrase-based system TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.06 +English understanding system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +tm scanner TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.04 0.02 +sentence scoping TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.00 0.08 +viterbi-like decoding TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +traditional statistical language model DSMMM 0.27 0.00 0.01 0.72 +comma restoration TechTool 0.83 0.08 0.09 0.00 +rewrite rules TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +syntactic score measure DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.98 +language expression DSMMM 0.01 0.04 0.20 0.75 +cg-based learner TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +phonetic encoding TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.26 0.06 +machine transl TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +coreference resolution TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +single pass parsing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +connectionist network TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +xtragen TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +transducer determinization TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +adjunct TechTool 0.45 0.14 0.31 0.10 +encyclopedic corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +business correspondence Linguistics 0.11 0.54 0.35 0.00 +knowledge base construction TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.44 0.00 +automatic sentence alignment TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +english disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +language comprehension system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +bayesian network classifiers TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +syntactic transduction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +relational learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +treebank transformation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +irex ne extraction TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.03 +language model DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.97 +surface sentence maker other 0.22 0.04 0.39 0.35 +forward-looking function TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.16 +manual grammar development TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +adaptive dynamic word formation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +wfst modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +topical relevance DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.27 0.63 +machine learning approaches TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +lexical evidence Linguistics 0.06 0.51 0.43 0.00 +speech data Linguistics 0.00 0.65 0.24 0.11 +likelihood hard-clustering TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +comparative analysis TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +recognition device TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +dictionary-based query translation TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.01 0.04 +incremental disambiguation method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +information-seeking TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +non-linear optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +language modeling technique TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +probabilistic optimum filtering TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +superlative determiner Linguistics 0.08 0.89 0.02 0.00 +tree-dop parsing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +stress test evaluation DSMMM 0.35 0.20 0.01 0.43 +langtmge processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +nist DSMMM 0.31 0.16 0.16 0.37 +np fragment Linguistics 0.41 0.53 0.02 0.03 +syntax formalism TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.03 +phonological knowledge other 0.02 0.04 0.94 0.00 +cue phrases Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +standard cross-validation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.01 +japanese-english parallel corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.98 0.00 0.00 +explicit dates recognition TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +machine translation decoding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +word class tagging TechTool 0.62 0.31 0.03 0.04 +table analysis other 0.01 0.00 0.63 0.36 +cyc knowledge base other 0.15 0.16 0.69 0.01 +association formation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information management TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +word breaking TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.14 0.07 +email Linguistics 0.26 0.47 0.20 0.07 +history management TechTool 0.69 0.27 0.03 0.00 +first-order theory TechTool 0.76 0.02 0.21 0.00 +natural language interaction other 0.45 0.00 0.55 0.00 +bilingual terminology extraction TechTool 0.83 0.14 0.01 0.02 +document rank DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.85 +testing corpora Linguistics 0.04 0.92 0.00 0.04 +error-correction rule TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +semiautomated annotation TechTool 0.46 0.27 0.19 0.08 +positive sample selection TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.02 +uniform algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +contextfree-grammar TechTool 0.73 0.19 0.00 0.07 +automated surveillance TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +question-answer pair TechTool 0.48 0.03 0.39 0.10 +synonym information other 0.01 0.07 0.91 0.00 +completeness coherence DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.25 0.59 +incremental multilevel parsing formalism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +minimum description length DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.92 +javelin TechTool 0.57 0.07 0.26 0.11 +multi-view co-training TechTool 0.87 0.05 0.08 0.00 +multi-modal output presentation TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +likelihood-ratio DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.97 +indirect chaining TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.18 0.05 +domain detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +health corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +conceptual dependency DSMMM 0.14 0.05 0.11 0.71 +typological classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +adjunction TechTool 0.63 0.07 0.24 0.06 +ziff-davis corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +alphabet-to-alphabet mapping TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.03 0.05 +io-tree method TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.01 0.25 +question decomposition TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.28 0.07 +temporal preposition Linguistics 0.09 0.80 0.11 0.00 +parameter-independent learning algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +literate programming TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.01 +sttk TechTool 0.66 0.10 0.12 0.11 +learning technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +automated text summarization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +machine translation and generation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.02 +grammatical formalism TechTool 0.80 0.16 0.02 0.03 +atn formalism TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sentence presupposition Linguistics 0.22 0.58 0.06 0.14 +anchor-text mining TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.03 0.00 +word disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +par-adise evaluation TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.00 0.01 +epistemic matrix clause TechTool 0.83 0.03 0.12 0.01 +similar document retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +local word context other 0.28 0.16 0.29 0.27 +domain-specific subcategorisation information other 0.18 0.10 0.71 0.00 +multilinguism TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.14 0.12 +long distance analysis DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.26 0.53 +sentence planning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +annotation language TechTool 0.45 0.34 0.19 0.03 +cost estimation DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +discourse segment model DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.91 +document search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +statistical information other 0.13 0.00 0.87 0.00 +machine translation approach TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +example extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +communication management TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +parser portability TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +concordance TechTool 0.38 0.17 0.34 0.11 +sparse matrix format TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.05 +alignment system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +subtree TechTool 0.61 0.17 0.12 0.10 +medium-sized corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.00 0.10 +database application TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +binary search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +detection task TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +real-time text retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +telephone-bandwidth speech TechTool 0.45 0.15 0.35 0.05 +noun phrase recognition TechTool 0.68 0.31 0.00 0.02 +shallow analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +grammar learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +unsupervised extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word reduction TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.06 0.33 +terminology construction other 0.15 0.02 0.81 0.02 +definite noun phrases Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 +parse disagreement other 0.04 0.01 0.88 0.06 +visual perception other 0.01 0.01 0.95 0.03 +pre-tagged corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +cross-corpora tagging TechTool 0.54 0.45 0.01 0.01 +predicate relaxation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.02 +graph formalism TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +phrase bracketing TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.24 +topic ordering other 0.40 0.02 0.57 0.01 +implemented anaphora resolution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +directed alignment TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.03 +perl script TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.07 0.00 +linear sequencing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +graph unification TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +semi-automatic annotation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +uam treebank Linguistics 0.10 0.83 0.05 0.02 +arabic text chunking TechTool 0.90 0.09 0.02 0.00 +partial syntactic analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +ntaximunl entropy modeling approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +data analysis TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.11 0.03 +statistical information retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +inference mechanism TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +question inversion other 0.27 0.00 0.70 0.03 +textual corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.06 0.01 +language generation research TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +nc interpretation TechTool 0.76 0.14 0.04 0.06 +recogniser TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +word-sense tagging TechTool 0.74 0.25 0.01 0.01 +theme\/rheme identification TechTool 0.87 0.05 0.07 0.00 +statistical framework TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +semantic similarity calculation DSMMM 0.27 0.00 0.02 0.71 +pronoun resoultion TechTool 0.60 0.16 0.12 0.12 +chinese translation Linguistics 0.23 0.73 0.01 0.02 +crossvalidation experiment other 0.15 0.04 0.79 0.02 +pattern analysis TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +concept retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +error recovery and tolerance DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.35 0.50 +top-k lexical head pruning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +link classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +appositive recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +precision casting DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +pos estimation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +performance comparison DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.96 +parameter identification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +large-scale natural language generation work TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +dialogue acquisition and tracking algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +phrase alignment software TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +scorin g Linguistics 0.23 0.75 0.02 0.00 +bottom-up translation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.06 +lexicon access Linguistics 0.40 0.55 0.00 0.05 +question-answering TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.05 0.01 +spoken child language Linguistics 0.03 0.83 0.12 0.03 +adaptation schema TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +rate enhancement DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.92 +nonlinear similarity measure DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +design and implementation other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +processing ill-formed input other 0.49 0.01 0.50 0.00 +probabilistic relaxation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +packed parse forest DSMMM 0.19 0.23 0.16 0.42 +normalization factor DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.09 0.48 +morphological wellformedness TechTool 0.54 0.03 0.43 0.00 +speech normalization TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +type classification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +pat-tree-based keyword extraction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +dependency likelihood DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +korean-to-english query TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.00 0.01 +tagging procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +polynomial time decode algorithm TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +chinese sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.01 0.09 +information sharing other 0.15 0.00 0.82 0.03 +coherence-tree DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.74 +binary heap TechTool 0.78 0.04 0.16 0.02 +argumentative discourse other 0.08 0.21 0.71 0.00 +language understanding research TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.44 0.00 +noun phrase reference Linguistics 0.02 0.95 0.01 0.03 +linguistic data Linguistics 0.00 0.80 0.16 0.04 +randomizedselection TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +dialogue machine translation TechTool 0.84 0.05 0.09 0.02 +schema recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +text framing other 0.41 0.08 0.51 0.00 +semantical framework TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.03 0.00 +kanji TechTool 0.52 0.18 0.11 0.19 +linear regression line adjustment TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +word n-grams DSMMM 0.00 0.41 0.06 0.53 +governing category Linguistics 0.18 0.39 0.20 0.23 +state-of-the-art learning-based anaphora resolution TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.01 +hmms TechTool 0.52 0.19 0.13 0.17 +leaming TechTool 0.77 0.08 0.08 0.07 +supervised text classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +name entity ( ne ) tag Linguistics 0.43 0.50 0.03 0.03 +multilingual question answering TechTool 0.78 0.10 0.11 0.00 +supervised pattern acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +distance metric DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +entity recognition and transliteration other 0.46 0.01 0.49 0.04 +agreement marking other 0.06 0.00 0.47 0.46 +natural language discourse other 0.10 0.45 0.46 0.00 +geology TechTool 0.35 0.25 0.20 0.19 +cluster refinement other 0.36 0.07 0.54 0.02 +complementation pattern TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.30 0.21 +spanish lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +frame recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +top-down chart TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.05 0.08 +subtopic segmentation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.00 +chinese prosodic phrase Linguistics 0.09 0.83 0.00 0.08 +error-minimization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +dependency graphs DSMMM 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.92 +indices DSMMM 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.45 +simulation environment TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.46 0.00 +feature-based pronunciation TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.04 0.03 +text-based question answering TechTool 0.84 0.04 0.11 0.01 +metadata harvesting protocol TechTool 0.54 0.13 0.33 0.01 +hansards translation Linguistics 0.42 0.56 0.01 0.00 +rule pruning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +keyword phrase TechTool 0.48 0.44 0.00 0.07 +sentence-level knowledge other 0.05 0.00 0.71 0.23 +classifier learning TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +document storage and retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +sms text normalization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +linguistic-analysis TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +scalar multiplication TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.10 0.12 +dative alternation other 0.25 0.16 0.58 0.00 +post-ocr correction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.01 +phrase prediction TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +expression formalism TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.01 0.33 +lookup algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +statistical modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information technology other 0.27 0.00 0.73 0.00 +adobe pdf TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.04 0.13 +sfc representation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.03 0.24 +corpus-based collocation extraction TechTool 0.75 0.20 0.00 0.05 +single feature structure TechTool 0.65 0.34 0.00 0.01 +synchronous binarization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +morphological theory other 0.04 0.33 0.63 0.00 +search effectiveness DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.93 +association relation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.07 0.27 +action logic TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +semantic class classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.02 +constrained model-space adaptation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +feature structure TechTool 0.69 0.03 0.05 0.23 +location name ambiguity other 0.03 0.01 0.94 0.02 +unsupervised disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +hybrid logic TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +animation generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +world knowledge other 0.00 0.04 0.96 0.00 +dictionary-based answer Linguistics 0.08 0.65 0.02 0.25 +base np translation Linguistics 0.36 0.61 0.01 0.02 +speech recognition score DSMMM 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.91 +offline corpus processing TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.00 +sensory system TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +acronym normalization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +language processing tool TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +open compound registration TechTool 0.59 0.34 0.05 0.02 +annotation process other 0.17 0.00 0.83 0.00 +key-word search TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.03 +unsupervised stem acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +boundary information other 0.08 0.00 0.92 0.00 +hyperlinking component other 0.40 0.01 0.59 0.01 +minimal listing TechTool 0.79 0.06 0.15 0.00 +vector-based information retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +text indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +naivepropm TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +language model probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +ppa resolution TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +educational technology TechTool 0.70 0.05 0.26 0.00 +partial matching TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +tile system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +association for computational linguistics DSMMM 0.14 0.20 0.02 0.64 +general-purpose lexicon TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +post-prediction confidence estimation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.25 +compound sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.01 0.05 +radio control other 0.31 0.04 0.54 0.12 +lexical preference TechTool 0.72 0.02 0.25 0.02 +topic-based text classification TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +linguistics literature Linguistics 0.00 0.49 0.47 0.04 +program operation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +unification-based constituent TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +mutual information independence DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.14 0.69 +language dictionary Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.02 0.03 +typed lambda calculus TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +align multi-lingual parallel speech Linguistics 0.20 0.71 0.08 0.01 +gradient-based feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +bilingual bootstrapping TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +conditional distribution DSMMM 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.89 +treelet projection DSMMM 0.26 0.02 0.04 0.67 +decision tree learn TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.04 0.05 +answer completeness DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.43 0.53 +extraction tool TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +rule-reduction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +review helpfulness other 0.00 0.04 0.72 0.23 +automatic translation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +model performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +external knowledge source other 0.14 0.14 0.71 0.00 +document recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +document\/cluster representation TechTool 0.39 0.16 0.18 0.27 +confirmation handling TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +named-entity identification TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.00 +punctuation marks other 0.16 0.05 0.80 0.00 +sstc schema TechTool 0.84 0.09 0.03 0.03 +near-term extraction TechTool 0.74 0.01 0.01 0.24 +presupposition TechTool 0.32 0.32 0.18 0.18 +constituent analysis system TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +language procossing TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +dynamic presentation TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.01 +verbmobil speech-to-speech translation TechTool 0.87 0.11 0.01 0.01 +classifier TechTool 0.50 0.14 0.33 0.03 +fsa-guided constraint processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +kyoto university text corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +cross-linguistic parallelism other 0.26 0.01 0.59 0.15 +network timit corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.82 0.00 0.17 +contextual model interpolation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +sentence boundary recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +query length DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.96 +head clustering TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.02 +knowledge base builder TechTool 0.62 0.23 0.14 0.00 +chunk representation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.02 0.22 +comprehension model DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.71 +constituent structure parsing TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.04 0.03 +text-to-scene converter TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.02 0.01 +linguistic evidence Linguistics 0.14 0.59 0.26 0.01 +chart realisation algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +language membership Linguistics 0.18 0.40 0.13 0.29 +digital broadcasting TechTool 0.73 0.24 0.02 0.01 +conversion rule TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +verbal generator TechTool 0.73 0.25 0.02 0.00 +hole semantics Linguistics 0.22 0.73 0.00 0.05 +annotation strategy TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +feature construction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.02 +verb construction Linguistics 0.29 0.54 0.16 0.00 +feature value pruning TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +reinforcement mechanism TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +deterministic finite state automaton TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +word boundary detection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +guided assembly task TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +bilingual phrase Linguistics 0.12 0.83 0.00 0.05 +translation modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +backing-off model DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.86 +link resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +speech-processing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +interpersonal priming other 0.27 0.00 0.64 0.09 +vector space DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.03 0.59 +retrieval time DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.66 +pronoun matching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +alignment adaptation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +rule sets TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.23 0.08 +pv identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +term recognition TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.01 0.29 +inheritance descriptor TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +language manipulation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.21 0.08 +global-statistics-based disambiguation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +answer sentence extraction TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.01 0.42 +reduction strategy TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.01 +speech transcription \ TechTool 0.85 0.11 0.01 0.04 +f matching DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +language model modification DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.02 0.52 +sentence alignment TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.00 0.21 +temporal sequencing TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.41 0.01 +universal quantification Linguistics 0.30 0.67 0.01 0.03 +noisy document summarization TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +parser evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +referential information other 0.03 0.00 0.96 0.01 +semantic parslng sy-stem Linguistics 0.34 0.58 0.06 0.01 +logic programming TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +bidirectional model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +sentence boundary labeler TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.02 0.09 +reference problem other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +svm-based important sentence extraction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +probabilistic thresholding TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +machine translation method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +pos disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word sense disambiguator Linguistics 0.35 0.61 0.02 0.01 +voice command other 0.30 0.00 0.61 0.09 +speech transcription technology TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +surface structure other 0.04 0.02 0.55 0.39 +multi-modal feedback behavior TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +wn synset Linguistics 0.16 0.78 0.01 0.05 +heuristics TechTool 0.56 0.16 0.14 0.14 +symbolic reasoning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +buckwalter lexicon Linguistics 0.04 0.94 0.01 0.00 +frequency calculation DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +frame determiner Linguistics 0.27 0.72 0.00 0.00 +modeling paraphrasing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +arabic information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +japanese\/english machine translation TechTool 0.70 0.27 0.02 0.01 +frequency equation DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +english speech Linguistics 0.00 0.76 0.20 0.04 +plan reasoning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +automatic genre identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +markov sequence TechTool 0.55 0.02 0.42 0.01 +communication research other 0.30 0.00 0.70 0.00 +rmrs construction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +sense similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.94 +utterance verification TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.40 0.05 +statistical knowledge other 0.32 0.00 0.67 0.00 +m-gram language modeling TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.05 0.11 +altificial intelligence TechTool 0.40 0.20 0.16 0.24 +string transformation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +word category probability DSMMM 0.00 0.28 0.01 0.71 +bigram estimation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +multiword recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +length constraint DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.11 0.67 +rule-based pronoun resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +query disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +polysemous verb Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.17 0.00 +numerical computing TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +concept representation and delimitation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.09 0.05 +nonlinear minimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +retrieval framework TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language model pruning TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +discourse chunking TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +vowel-consonant pair Linguistics 0.19 0.49 0.29 0.03 +autonomous problem solver TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 +the generative lexicon Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.01 0.03 +language neutral meaning representation TechTool 0.64 0.05 0.15 0.16 +software implementation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +content authoring TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.42 0.00 +direct matching TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +system organization TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.12 0.06 +acoustic adaptation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.05 0.14 +prosodic combination TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +np chunker TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.00 0.02 +automation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +speaker identification \ TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +finite-state relaxation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +document frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.94 +hum tgt TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.07 0.03 +tlisamblguation knowledge other 0.17 0.13 0.54 0.15 +artificial langnage TechTool 0.55 0.41 0.00 0.04 +text-based sentence alignment TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +japanese text \ Linguistics 0.42 0.57 0.00 0.00 +bayesian network TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +distributional similarity method DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.59 +trec @card@ and trec @card@ qa track TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.45 0.00 +cross-linguistic knowledge other 0.29 0.09 0.60 0.02 +allomorphy TechTool 0.44 0.21 0.27 0.09 +cascaded chunking model TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +knowledge representation \ TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +tree mining TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.19 +plan construction TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +bidirectionality TechTool 0.46 0.05 0.44 0.05 +local maximum condition TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.12 0.18 +rule-writing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +patent Linguistics 0.20 0.51 0.22 0.08 +punctuation other 0.20 0.08 0.65 0.08 +knowledge-based information retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +list rescoring TechTool 0.67 0.15 0.14 0.04 +noun phrase grammar Linguistics 0.10 0.72 0.00 0.18 +syntax control method TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +rdf\/rdfs TechTool 0.75 0.09 0.14 0.03 +genre analysis TechTool 0.66 0.20 0.13 0.01 +norwegian Linguistics 0.23 0.54 0.19 0.05 +lexicon organization Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.04 0.08 +inference process TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +statistical text-based sentence alignment TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +bag-ofwords model DSMMM 0.28 0.03 0.00 0.69 +real-time performance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.91 +logical-form equivalence problem other 0.42 0.00 0.55 0.03 +paper routing TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.17 0.01 +two-fold cross validation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +incremental generator TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +navigation effectiveness judgment other 0.18 0.00 0.53 0.30 +cognatecounting TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +swahili TechTool 0.37 0.35 0.16 0.12 +frustration detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +machine translation systems TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +eliminative parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +natural-language syntax TechTool 0.75 0.13 0.12 0.01 +corpus-based grammar development TechTool 0.86 0.08 0.02 0.05 +phone-string utterance classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +thai word Linguistics 0.01 0.87 0.10 0.02 +model training and decoding TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +content-model-based learning TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +language generation and interpretation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.26 0.02 +language indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +corpus-based statistical sense resolution TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.00 0.00 +syntactic coreference TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +discourse-tree rewriting TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.01 0.02 +la generation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +alignment generalization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +standardization other 0.34 0.15 0.44 0.08 +scalable language analysis TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.01 +terminology research other 0.01 0.28 0.71 0.00 +retrieval accuracy DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +arabic language Linguistics 0.03 0.87 0.09 0.01 +asynchronous message pass DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.32 0.46 +significance testing TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.12 0.35 +collective classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +pr05 corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +terminology system TechTool 0.71 0.22 0.05 0.02 +speech-inspired translation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +language recognition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +english question answering TechTool 0.40 0.33 0.26 0.01 +xerox tagger TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +porter stemmer TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +discourse coherence and structure other 0.14 0.03 0.56 0.27 +oral communication other 0.16 0.00 0.84 0.00 +teaching language TechTool 0.42 0.37 0.20 0.00 +summarization task TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +stress assignment TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.03 +arabic word segmentation TechTool 0.87 0.10 0.03 0.00 +deictic reference other 0.25 0.03 0.73 0.00 +centroid-based summarization TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.04 +patternlearning TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +temporal relation information other 0.04 0.00 0.96 0.00 +search term DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.70 +multicomponent architecture TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +summarisation Linguistics 0.37 0.40 0.19 0.04 +transition network DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.06 0.63 +vietnamese language processing TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.01 +text input method TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.20 0.00 +murasaki evaluation TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.02 0.13 +concatenative synthesis TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 +transcription reconstruction system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +phrasal matching TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +encoder TechTool 0.68 0.11 0.10 0.11 +term extractor DSMMM 0.36 0.11 0.00 0.52 +temporal anaphora TechTool 0.63 0.02 0.35 0.00 +multilingual lexical databases Linguistics 0.32 0.61 0.07 0.00 +processing model TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.36 +geographic information systems TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.47 0.01 +ontology-based knowledge TechTool 0.75 0.03 0.21 0.02 +knowledge engineer other 0.29 0.05 0.66 0.00 +constraint learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +boolean query TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +interpretation schema TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +prosodic features other 0.08 0.00 0.73 0.18 +tabular recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +hyperlinking system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +dynamic bayesian framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +transfer-driven machine translation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +wrapper-based feature selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +lisp implementation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +summary evaluation DSMMM 0.35 0.01 0.02 0.62 +incremental understanding TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +phrase matching TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +native speech other 0.00 0.16 0.80 0.04 +dependency learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +supervised text categorization TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.01 0.00 +schema-based approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +database-identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +feature-based statistical machine learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +automatic terminology TechTool 0.67 0.11 0.21 0.01 +text-tagging TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +english subcategorization Linguistics 0.25 0.72 0.02 0.01 +datum TechTool 0.34 0.19 0.29 0.18 +bottom-up algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +idiosyncratic formalism TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.05 0.04 +language inflection other 0.09 0.23 0.63 0.05 +index terms DSMMM 0.00 0.20 0.39 0.41 +graph DSMMM 0.15 0.30 0.15 0.39 +segment order other 0.04 0.00 0.94 0.02 +semantic structure analysis TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.09 0.02 +ne phrase translation Linguistics 0.35 0.50 0.00 0.15 +answer type determination TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.42 0.05 +dictionary-based word vectors DSMMM 0.16 0.24 0.00 0.60 +hmm-based continuous speakerindependent speech recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +annotation task other 0.42 0.00 0.58 0.00 +black-box smoothing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +feature path TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.05 0.42 +la language model DSMMM 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.86 +node recovery TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.12 0.03 +technical domain Linguistics 0.00 0.51 0.48 0.00 +discourse management TechTool 0.80 0.20 0.01 0.00 +variant extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic collocate TechTool 0.73 0.14 0.03 0.09 +manual segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +semantic relationships other 0.01 0.00 0.95 0.04 +statistical dialogue act other 0.37 0.06 0.57 0.00 +re-sampling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +labor-intensive system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +dynamic grammar TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +english database query TechTool 0.60 0.26 0.10 0.04 +multilingual document Linguistics 0.26 0.71 0.03 0.00 +opinion-sentence extraction TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.01 0.06 +semantic prediction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.02 0.15 +word-reordering TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.00 0.04 +query expansion and hyperlinking TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +lexical matching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +syntactic search space DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.14 0.48 +biomedical dataset Linguistics 0.02 0.81 0.16 0.00 +english-to-english translation TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.01 +k-nearest neighbor TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +generative lexicon theory \ Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.01 0.02 +break placement DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.11 0.72 +binding theory TechTool 0.43 0.35 0.20 0.02 +syntactic pattern TechTool 0.49 0.01 0.16 0.34 +article extraction TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +lhc decomposition TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.12 0.07 +ne detection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +inference TechTool 0.63 0.10 0.21 0.05 +classifter combination TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.01 +mrd-to-ldb parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +chartparsing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +automatic model refinement TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +morpheme boundary marker TechTool 0.58 0.39 0.03 0.00 +metagrammar compiler TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +lexicon incompleteness Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.16 0.00 +tb annotation TechTool 0.84 0.04 0.11 0.00 +language use DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.15 0.62 +argument role recognition TechTool 0.57 0.07 0.37 0.00 +parser acquisition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syntactic interpretation TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.07 0.02 +content realization other 0.28 0.00 0.69 0.02 +grammar transduction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +machine learning and classification TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +knowledge base editor TechTool 0.81 0.04 0.15 0.00 +maximum subtree depth DSMMM 0.02 0.25 0.14 0.60 +higher-order distribution TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.02 0.45 +viterbi-like word segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +error mining TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +labeler TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +NLP tasks other 0.31 0.00 0.69 0.00 +translation module TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +frequency redistribution DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 +anaphor resolution mechanism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +capitalization information other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.00 +dag search algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +greedy approximation TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.06 0.29 +automatic disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +noise-robust tagger TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +spr TechTool 0.57 0.20 0.15 0.08 +selection process TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +entity assemblance TechTool 0.55 0.12 0.24 0.10 +substring Linguistics 0.20 0.57 0.18 0.05 +conceptlevel error handling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +concept type discrimination TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +wordform TechTool 0.47 0.23 0.18 0.12 +shift operation other 0.20 0.00 0.70 0.09 +language query interface TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.09 0.08 +on-line training TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +distributed corpus annotation TechTool 0.62 0.20 0.16 0.02 +avm notation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.05 0.07 +verb database Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.04 0.00 +automatic extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +instance-based classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +mmr-based feature TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.17 +parameter spaces other 0.15 0.00 0.57 0.28 +head automaton grammar TechTool 0.70 0.10 0.02 0.18 +seed sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.06 0.04 +compound expression DSMMM 0.00 0.31 0.02 0.66 +relational database technology TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +closed caption news Linguistics 0.02 0.80 0.19 0.00 +automated processing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tagger TechTool 0.57 0.12 0.27 0.04 +automatic capitalization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +function optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tree generalization DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.01 0.83 +bilingual clustering algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +document generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +bootstrap resampling TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +associative anaphora TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +bilingual text corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +case role extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +structural locality TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.09 0.06 +ldoce TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +language-independent selztence alignment TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.02 0.02 +rule-probability estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +database organization other 0.30 0.03 0.48 0.19 +tree alignment TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.41 +path-based inference rules TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.03 0.14 +set theory other 0.02 0.42 0.56 0.01 +lexicai acquisition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +hmm system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +top human-ranked sentence plan DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.08 0.77 +phrase extraction algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +emotional prosody other 0.01 0.06 0.91 0.01 +distributional segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +er TechTool 0.58 0.22 0.12 0.08 +lexicon development and evaluation TechTool 0.62 0.04 0.22 0.12 +learning procedure TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +standard benchmark Linguistics 0.30 0.66 0.03 0.02 +datr theory TechTool 0.44 0.15 0.41 0.00 +lms DSMMM 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.58 +language usage other 0.13 0.23 0.47 0.17 +probabilistic context-free parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +topic chaining TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.14 +concept acquisition framework TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +lambda Linguistics 0.31 0.42 0.15 0.11 +f-structures DSMMM 0.10 0.22 0.02 0.66 +polynomial time recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +ltag extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +anaphoric reference other 0.10 0.19 0.71 0.00 +news journalism Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.10 0.00 +grammar-based parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +ambiguity rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.87 +backward-crossed composition TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.02 0.39 +machine-supported concept validation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +predicate calculus form Linguistics 0.37 0.53 0.09 0.01 +lexicon-based segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.00 0.01 +character-to-byte substitution TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +template extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +parse forest DSMMM 0.19 0.30 0.02 0.48 +template generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tfr analysis TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.01 +revision learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +phrase ellipsis resolution TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 +genbank sequence identifier TechTool 0.52 0.14 0.33 0.00 +training database Linguistics 0.36 0.60 0.02 0.01 +sentence-level model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +named entity tagging TechTool 0.77 0.19 0.03 0.01 +sub-sentential alignment TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.19 0.02 +phrase table smoothing DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.89 +spontaneous speech understanding TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.13 0.01 +nonunit production probability DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.03 0.74 +vocabulary reduction DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.34 0.65 +load detection TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.01 0.38 +underspecified sense TechTool 0.68 0.25 0.06 0.01 +multi-language named-entity TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.04 0.02 +automated sentence compression TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.15 +motion capture other 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.43 +statistical data Linguistics 0.16 0.68 0.11 0.05 +binary classifier TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +user behavior other 0.00 0.00 0.82 0.18 +lsommbl TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +information system TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +speech source other 0.03 0.43 0.50 0.04 +sog representation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.03 0.28 +segmentation pattern TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.03 +word collocation Linguistics 0.02 0.62 0.00 0.36 +cooccurrence smoothing TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +partial match TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.02 0.48 +discourse ordering TechTool 0.69 0.02 0.28 0.00 +object-oriented database functionality other 0.13 0.05 0.76 0.06 +sentence importance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.51 +rouge measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.86 +passage scoring TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.02 0.29 +ne bootstrapping TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +speech act analysis TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.32 0.00 +standard classification task TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +definiteness behavior other 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.09 +ibm translation TechTool 0.72 0.15 0.09 0.04 +np adjunction TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.00 +hierarchical segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +single stage mdp TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.08 0.00 +presentation operator TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +negative construction TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.13 0.04 +well-formed substring table other 0.01 0.05 0.79 0.15 +pause duration DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.10 0.82 +bayes model TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.00 0.37 +ebmt TechTool 0.75 0.04 0.10 0.11 +multimodal information presentation other 0.43 0.00 0.56 0.00 +semantic types Linguistics 0.02 0.83 0.14 0.01 +sentiment retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +fsm toolkit TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +coercion interpretation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +correspondence-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +nli processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sequential target activation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +hxical information other 0.01 0.00 0.97 0.01 +verb classification TechTool 0.56 0.43 0.00 0.00 +neural network framework TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +hapax legomena DSMMM 0.20 0.22 0.12 0.46 +sms normalization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +vector matrix TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +spontaneous conversation other 0.01 0.22 0.76 0.00 +computational semantics Linguistics 0.31 0.43 0.02 0.24 +genetic engineering TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +vp attachment Linguistics 0.44 0.53 0.01 0.02 +phrase formation TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.00 0.01 +digital loop carrier TechTool 0.67 0.03 0.15 0.14 +context free grammars TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +tag parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multimedia transformation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +collocation-based term extraction TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.00 0.31 +voicemail Linguistics 0.26 0.47 0.20 0.07 +recursive adjunction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +proper names Linguistics 0.00 0.74 0.26 0.00 +Slavonic language Linguistics 0.05 0.81 0.11 0.03 +recursion mechanism TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +linguistic bias cbl DSMMM 0.31 0.14 0.07 0.47 +noun-noun compounding Linguistics 0.22 0.78 0.00 0.00 +coupledwiththeabsenceofanyparticular treelet projection DSMMM 0.26 0.02 0.04 0.67 +corpus-based validation TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.00 0.01 +lexical set Linguistics 0.00 0.50 0.49 0.00 +translation relation other 0.07 0.01 0.86 0.07 +english text generation TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +learning hmm ne TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +statistical optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word lists Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.04 0.13 +ellipsis resolution TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +closure restriction DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.23 0.75 +adverbial phrase attachment TechTool 0.49 0.40 0.00 0.10 +stems Linguistics 0.08 0.62 0.22 0.08 +machine-translation system TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.02 +grammar reduction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +action matcher TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +lexical-level entailment other 0.08 0.02 0.83 0.08 +boost method TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +ontology construction TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.07 0.01 +entity-level optimization TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.08 +bigram model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +language prpcessing TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +training examples Linguistics 0.03 0.85 0.09 0.03 +argumentative zoning TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.32 0.01 +search process TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.43 0.02 +bias TechTool 0.29 0.23 0.26 0.21 +intelligent example selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +move classification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +retrieval precision DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +frame ellipsis resolution TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +model retrieval TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +speech systems TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.03 +document Linguistics 0.15 0.66 0.14 0.05 +arabic-english parallel corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.97 0.00 0.00 +theory refinement TechTool 0.48 0.08 0.44 0.00 +context-free grammars \ TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +context-free grammars _ TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +generative probabilistic optical character recognition TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.02 0.13 +grammatical function label Linguistics 0.05 0.90 0.04 0.01 +specialized query language TechTool 0.66 0.28 0.03 0.03 +document-level subjectivity classification TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.05 0.01 +bayesian classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sentence generation component TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.19 0.02 +scf acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +feature collecting TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.03 +degraded speech other 0.05 0.01 0.76 0.18 +asl natural language generation TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.00 +spoken language corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +syntactic analysis TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.00 +model generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +possessive-noun Linguistics 0.32 0.68 0.00 0.00 +forest model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +bag-of-words feature representation TechTool 0.80 0.06 0.00 0.14 +community building other 0.23 0.01 0.75 0.01 +c + + TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.10 0.02 +lexicalized grammar Linguistics 0.39 0.57 0.01 0.03 +case-based classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +translation knowledge building TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.38 0.00 +lexical weighting TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +sense granularity other 0.29 0.08 0.49 0.13 +case frame acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +heuristic model selection TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +language interpretation and generation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.02 +connectionist parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +entry tagger TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +information retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +validation process other 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.00 +finite state approach TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.13 0.00 +parts-of-speech Linguistics 0.42 0.47 0.10 0.01 +duration TechTool 0.30 0.16 0.28 0.26 +language subset Linguistics 0.02 0.62 0.32 0.05 +ldd resolution TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.01 0.00 +referent-ordering TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.06 0.00 +speech act recognition TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.00 +declarative sentence Linguistics 0.26 0.71 0.01 0.02 +mmar induction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +entity-oriented parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.02 +spell checker TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.12 0.01 +ocher function optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +offline optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +ontology TechTool 0.62 0.15 0.11 0.12 +phrasal node DSMMM 0.06 0.21 0.01 0.72 +subsumption hierarchy DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.05 0.84 +large document collection TechTool 0.69 0.21 0.10 0.00 +syntactic bracketing TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.02 0.04 +baum-welch algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +rhetorical tree DSMMM 0.01 0.25 0.03 0.72 +transition jamming other 0.26 0.00 0.50 0.24 +significance vector representation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.42 +atn formalism \ TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +language model adaptation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +weighted deductive-inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +numerical information extraction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +phrase structure rules TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.02 0.46 +speech translation prototype TechTool 0.58 0.29 0.10 0.04 +automatic indexing \ TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +infinitive form Linguistics 0.22 0.56 0.21 0.00 +lexeme Linguistics 0.20 0.58 0.15 0.07 +inhibition annotation TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.01 +old slavic Linguistics 0.28 0.69 0.01 0.03 +generalizable customization TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.15 0.02 +bibliographical information other 0.01 0.01 0.96 0.01 +generalized quantifier TechTool 0.72 0.05 0.00 0.23 +mobile computing TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.20 +lexical relatlon Linguistics 0.24 0.43 0.34 0.00 +non-parametric kernel estimation techniques TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +grammar developer TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.09 0.01 +expression extractor TechTool 0.62 0.03 0.00 0.35 +broadcast news speech Linguistics 0.00 0.70 0.30 0.00 +lower sorbian DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.28 0.42 +mathematics other 0.31 0.18 0.34 0.16 +subcategorization frame acquisition TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +active knowledge other 0.10 0.00 0.90 0.00 +parallel structure building TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.00 +code decipherment TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.02 +first-order logic TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +gate system TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +parameter space other 0.01 0.00 0.57 0.42 +part of speech tag Linguistics 0.38 0.38 0.25 0.00 +semantic theme Linguistics 0.07 0.75 0.17 0.01 +intersentential anaphora TechTool 0.50 0.24 0.26 0.00 +atis speech understanding TechTool 0.84 0.11 0.02 0.02 +texl processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sequence alignment TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +word-based language identification TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.06 +human-computer interaction TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +co-reference other 0.16 0.07 0.77 0.00 +weighted retention TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.03 0.40 +root extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +splitting other 0.26 0.09 0.54 0.11 +vocabulary adaptation other 0.19 0.24 0.37 0.21 +collection-wide probability re-estimation TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.00 0.02 +max entropy DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +syntactic algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +case frame grammar TechTool 0.69 0.20 0.01 0.10 +root identification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +unstemmed text Linguistics 0.01 0.87 0.12 0.00 +anlt dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.01 0.00 +anaphora resolution \ TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.00 0.00 +binomial model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +edit-distance-based retrieval TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +tree-bank style parse DSMMM 0.36 0.24 0.01 0.38 +term-based summarization TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.00 0.17 +relation subtype classification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.01 +phrase alignment TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.00 0.07 +verb Linguistics 0.15 0.65 0.13 0.07 +dymunic programufillg TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +compounding other 0.33 0.15 0.47 0.05 +sentence breaking TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.09 0.15 +non context unification TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +character conversion TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.01 +term co-occurrence DSMMM 0.23 0.02 0.18 0.57 +automatic discourse segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +lda dimensionality reduction TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.02 0.39 +essay rater Linguistics 0.29 0.61 0.08 0.03 +naturm language generation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.01 +probabilistic parsing interface TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +morphology Linguistics 0.11 0.49 0.27 0.13 +subtree sharing DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.26 0.38 +density estimation DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.57 +cross-categorial coordination TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.13 0.00 +korean morpheme tagging TechTool 0.64 0.34 0.02 0.00 +direction finder TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.40 0.04 +computational morphology Linguistics 0.04 0.74 0.18 0.04 +source language Linguistics 0.01 0.81 0.17 0.00 +peak picking DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.35 0.59 +domain-specific corpora Linguistics 0.11 0.88 0.01 0.00 +word sequence probability DSMMM 0.00 0.24 0.06 0.70 +thematic structure alternation other 0.34 0.23 0.42 0.01 +word hypothesis graph DSMMM 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.86 +hypothesis lattice DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.16 0.74 +binary sentence segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +coarse-grained evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.05 0.09 +phonetic transcription TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.28 0.04 +bayesian classi cation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sentence-generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +discourse marker Linguistics 0.29 0.68 0.03 0.00 +realtime speech other 0.03 0.36 0.50 0.11 +permutation other 0.26 0.10 0.57 0.07 +sequential exp-loss function TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.10 0.18 +bayesian framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +prosody generation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +chunks Linguistics 0.14 0.48 0.24 0.14 +scoring answer DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.03 0.86 +technical assistance other 0.10 0.05 0.85 0.00 +linear alignment TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +bayesian classification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +interpretation disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic structure recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +entity template TechTool 0.64 0.02 0.05 0.29 +prefix removal and normalization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.03 +n-gram completion TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.08 0.38 +romanian wordnet Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +analysis pitch DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.19 0.77 +computer-assisted evaluation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.03 +structure finding TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.12 0.02 +ratio test DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.97 +normal distribution table DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.60 +lexical chooser other 0.31 0.12 0.58 0.00 +thresholding TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +morphological induction TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +path search algorithm TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +subgrammar extraction tool TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +dynamic programming implementation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +hmm-based diacritization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +treebank project Linguistics 0.06 0.66 0.28 0.00 +leathernet sound server TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.29 0.01 +church algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +monte carlo methods TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +biparsing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +summarization analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +discourse parsing and summarization TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +programming technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +korean speech recognition TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.02 0.00 +tile algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +customer care Linguistics 0.27 0.70 0.03 0.00 +tree-compaction TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.02 0.28 +term weighting DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.55 +relational similarity DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.96 +word-for-word alignment model DSMMM 0.22 0.17 0.00 0.61 +idiomatic verb Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +svm problem other 0.15 0.00 0.85 0.00 +language analysis and indexing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +online broadcast news Linguistics 0.01 0.72 0.27 0.00 +pointwise-prediction single-classifier TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +interval representation TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.34 +parallel corpora translation Linguistics 0.19 0.80 0.00 0.00 +syllable division mark other 0.01 0.02 0.85 0.12 +candidate pair classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +anomaly detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +tree comparison TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.02 0.17 +Korean newspaper article Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +topic shifting other 0.29 0.01 0.58 0.12 +discourse representation theory TechTool 0.47 0.13 0.39 0.02 +syntactic control TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.30 0.14 +word-based segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +text unit selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +sematic relation other 0.04 0.00 0.86 0.09 +representation theory TechTool 0.76 0.02 0.19 0.03 +semantic density metric DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +handediting TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +data base DSMMM 0.02 0.39 0.13 0.47 +cooperative user interface TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +datum structure Linguistics 0.14 0.30 0.27 0.29 +large vocabulary continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.06 0.01 +tom-up pattern application TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.01 0.01 +tile tree DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.05 0.84 +word bigram DSMMM 0.06 0.35 0.00 0.59 +eigen vector TechTool 0.75 0.02 0.00 0.23 +vector space dimensionality DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.02 0.53 +igtree decision-tree induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +grammatical analysis TechTool 0.88 0.08 0.04 0.00 +human plausible reasoning TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +segment recognition TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +asr confidence scoring TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +automated dialogue evaluation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +human-machine interaction TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 +sequential pattern mining TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +bipartite clustering TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.19 +entailment criterion DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.25 0.38 +multiple-pass parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +coarse named entity categorization TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.04 0.01 +entropy learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +written dialog other 0.47 0.00 0.52 0.00 +multimodal grammar TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.05 0.00 +prolog form TechTool 0.71 0.02 0.26 0.00 +database processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +rule-based entry tagger TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +m-component mixture other 0.36 0.03 0.61 0.00 +single-classifier method TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.00 0.00 +probability other 0.09 0.16 0.43 0.33 +encoding TechTool 0.54 0.09 0.31 0.07 +turkish grammar Linguistics 0.33 0.67 0.00 0.00 +non-normative processing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.03 +id\/lp parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +chinese dependency Linguistics 0.04 0.72 0.03 0.20 +hard clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +ltags TechTool 0.58 0.13 0.17 0.12 +serial composition TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.22 +chill logic-based parser-acquisition framework TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +intelligent interactive system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +message understanding conferences other 0.43 0.03 0.51 0.04 +data-driven beam search TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.13 +dictionary conversion TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +natural language evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.10 0.03 +interactive program TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +corpus-based terminology Linguistics 0.05 0.91 0.01 0.03 +noisy channel framework TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +query formulation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.03 0.14 +meeting recording corpus Linguistics 0.05 0.90 0.04 0.02 +semi-supervised sense disambiguation TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +phonetic pattern DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.31 0.40 +anotation framework TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +bottom-up parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +contextual question answering TechTool 0.74 0.06 0.18 0.01 +word error rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +ie research other 0.45 0.00 0.55 0.00 +monothetic classification TechTool 0.62 0.07 0.22 0.09 +itg parser TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +talker-independent speech recognition TechTool 0.88 0.05 0.07 0.00 +chart generation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +case splitting TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.04 +domain corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.02 +grammar reestimation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +design process other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +city guide and navigation other 0.47 0.00 0.53 0.00 +conjunction reduction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +terminology phrase Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.03 0.07 +correlation coefficient DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +segnmnt tioun TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +taggingtool TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +morpho-syntactic knowledge other 0.19 0.02 0.78 0.00 +extraction procedure TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +loanword extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +noun-phrase bracketing TechTool 0.53 0.37 0.00 0.10 +mono-lingual disambiguation TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.02 +mi-trigger-based modeling TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +shallo w parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +inductive decision tree TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.04 +human natural language production TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +fast parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tile target language Linguistics 0.11 0.83 0.05 0.01 +ontological acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +solutionhood TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +text authoring TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.27 0.00 +Hidden Markov Model DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.82 +perceptron-like reranking TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +language processing application TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +generative reasoning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +network optimisation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +translation estimation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +human-human tutoring corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.91 0.07 0.01 +lazy incremental copying TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +suffix trie Linguistics 0.32 0.57 0.02 0.08 +rule processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +context-free grammar TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.03 0.02 +linguistic motivation other 0.43 0.00 0.57 0.00 +trees Linguistics 0.17 0.38 0.22 0.23 +automatic summarisation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +agreement score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +phrase extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +eategorial grammar TechTool 0.58 0.29 0.01 0.13 +tacitus-lite weighted abductive inference engine TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +meaning paraphrases Linguistics 0.01 0.80 0.18 0.02 +name class Linguistics 0.03 0.81 0.03 0.12 +type resolution TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.05 0.00 +web mining scheme TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +dependency size DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +speech detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +dialogue annotation tool TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.27 0.00 +consistency maintenance TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.03 0.34 +window-based scoring module TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +corpus-based decision TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.00 +princeton wordnet Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.02 0.00 +prediction accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +polarity classifier TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.01 +np-chunking TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.00 0.01 +system monitor TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +rule generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +vector space search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.05 +genre Linguistics 0.14 0.56 0.15 0.15 +person name resolution Linguistics 0.41 0.58 0.01 0.00 +cross-lingual information extraction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +dss unification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +frame-net TechTool 0.77 0.20 0.01 0.02 +phrase spotting TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.00 0.05 +automatic topic segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +word guessing TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.01 0.06 +extraction pattern acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +rasp parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +asymmetric relationship other 0.06 0.00 0.70 0.24 +noisy speech recognizer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +nl model DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.74 +subgraph isomorphism other 0.19 0.06 0.44 0.31 +autosegmental phonology Linguistics 0.06 0.75 0.08 0.12 +language analysis and generation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +chinese word segmentation TechTool 0.68 0.29 0.01 0.02 +random selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bayesian network propagation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +multimedia communication TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +governor other 0.36 0.18 0.41 0.05 +main parser TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 +consistency problem other 0.04 0.00 0.92 0.04 +collins parser TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +prolog TechTool 0.61 0.23 0.12 0.04 +query-dependent text summarization TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.04 0.01 +transcribed switchboard corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.74 0.25 0.00 +kaist corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.02 +corpus-based machine translation TechTool 0.76 0.21 0.01 0.02 +imperfect input other 0.04 0.02 0.94 0.00 +r information extraction TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +knowledge level other 0.00 0.00 0.98 0.02 +posteriori smoothing TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +interpolation Linguistics 0.29 0.42 0.23 0.06 +error-detection process TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.07 0.04 +task-specific reference resolution TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.23 0.00 +tolerable wait TechTool 0.70 0.03 0.06 0.21 +telephone-based dialogue system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.02 +chinese unknown word detection TechTool 0.76 0.20 0.01 0.03 +chinese character representation DSMMM 0.27 0.02 0.02 0.69 +user other 0.22 0.22 0.49 0.07 +cache management TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +feature truncation TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.07 0.17 +segmenter TechTool 0.76 0.06 0.08 0.10 +multimedia presentation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +java native interface TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +multimodal generation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +pairwise system comparison TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +scope enumeration other 0.24 0.03 0.71 0.01 +probability tag sequence Linguistics 0.09 0.53 0.16 0.23 +phrasetable smoothing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +deterministic dependency parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +English coordinate structure analysis model TechTool 0.62 0.05 0.00 0.32 +argument structure uniformity other 0.02 0.31 0.52 0.15 +trigger rule TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.12 +words identification TechTool 0.83 0.12 0.03 0.02 +lexieal-functional grammar TechTool 0.75 0.19 0.01 0.05 +feature engineering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +structural matching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +name-org anaphora TechTool 0.48 0.45 0.08 0.00 +lexical database algorithm TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +transformation TechTool 0.49 0.09 0.31 0.11 +dual-channel codebook adaptation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +cepstral-mean normalization TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +ellipsis handling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +alphabetic writing system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +case structure analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.03 +top-down partitioning TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.02 0.25 +channel error correction TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.45 +homograph resolution TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +joint probability distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.96 +retrieval score DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +semantically-motivated output representation other 0.28 0.00 0.69 0.03 +signal Linguistics 0.22 0.46 0.25 0.07 +pos-tagging TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +semi-automatic construction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +algoweb TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +higher-order unification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +collocate TechTool 0.59 0.11 0.17 0.13 +query-focused summarization TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.06 0.01 +tractable processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +ihc parsing-as-deduction TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.01 0.09 +paragraph boundary identification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +rebuttal generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +committee-based selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +unsupervised structure finding method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +broadcast news recognizer Linguistics 0.39 0.56 0.05 0.00 +knowledge storage and representation other 0.45 0.00 0.50 0.06 +phrase classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +colonization TechTool 0.52 0.09 0.31 0.08 +clausal form Linguistics 0.01 0.54 0.41 0.03 +error correction methodology TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.07 0.18 +secondpass rescoring TechTool 0.61 0.10 0.14 0.15 +memory-based language processing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +joint semantic role labeling TechTool 0.69 0.16 0.14 0.01 +cart decision tree TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.05 +small-sized document Linguistics 0.41 0.58 0.01 0.01 +phrase determiner Linguistics 0.11 0.85 0.00 0.04 +elementary discourse unit Linguistics 0.14 0.55 0.30 0.00 +numerical forecasting TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.11 0.07 +maximum likelihood DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +local navigation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +parse constraint TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.18 0.04 +classitication model DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.89 +argumentative sentence classification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +tag-annotated text Linguistics 0.20 0.77 0.03 0.00 +parameter estimate DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.06 0.87 +vp anaphora resolution TechTool 0.84 0.15 0.01 0.00 +semantic interpreter TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +sentence detector annotator TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.06 0.27 +named entity recognizer TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.02 0.01 +score measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +russian Linguistics 0.19 0.61 0.16 0.05 +crosslingual information retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +frequency cut-off DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.84 +centering model DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.86 +opinion\/fact classification TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.45 0.02 +head finding TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +general vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.75 0.23 0.02 +constructional polysemy other 0.01 0.11 0.66 0.23 +natural language morphology Linguistics 0.07 0.68 0.24 0.00 +bottom-up surface realisation DSMMM 0.26 0.02 0.27 0.45 +block selection criteria TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.02 +grammar inversion TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.06 0.13 +part-of relation extraction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +aspect change other 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.23 +destructive graph unification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +relation model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.94 +context-sensitive modeling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +tabular-based parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +phrasal extraction TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +linearization TechTool 0.76 0.08 0.08 0.08 +word-based model DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.89 +paninian grammar Linguistics 0.36 0.49 0.01 0.13 +English alphabet Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.06 0.01 +machine learning approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +conservative parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +high performance computing DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.58 +phrase translation model DSMMM 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.94 +hierarchy development TechTool 0.49 0.02 0.20 0.30 +tabular surface realisation other 0.26 0.00 0.64 0.10 +complex pattern matching TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +one-to-one mapping TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +inter-turn sentence boundary DSMMM 0.37 0.01 0.14 0.48 +hybrid constituencydependency TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.09 0.13 +deictic element other 0.24 0.14 0.61 0.00 +tree-to-tree translation TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.00 0.19 +tagging problem other 0.23 0.00 0.77 0.00 +end-user feedback other 0.33 0.00 0.66 0.01 +preference scoring TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +stanford parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +shake-and-bake TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +sentence perception other 0.01 0.21 0.48 0.30 +topological treebank conversion TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.20 0.02 +morphological variability other 0.00 0.01 0.94 0.06 +lingware TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.16 0.10 +compact representation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.02 0.13 +regression test TechTool 0.73 0.06 0.00 0.20 +vocabulary expansion DSMMM 0.13 0.08 0.02 0.77 +axiom generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +Arabic stemmer TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.06 0.00 +subgraph construction TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.19 0.03 +word duration DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.91 +word-pair grammar Linguistics 0.44 0.47 0.00 0.09 +negative arguing Linguistics 0.08 0.77 0.10 0.05 +np algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +segment detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +language-modeling research TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +phonological rule probability DSMMM 0.26 0.01 0.11 0.62 +lexicon development Linguistics 0.07 0.89 0.04 0.00 +lig parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +cohesion measure DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.90 +generative modeling approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +machine lecturing TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.19 0.06 +key word\/phrase extraction TechTool 0.80 0.16 0.00 0.03 +autonaatic translation TechTool 0.57 0.17 0.19 0.07 +manual rule construction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +quantifier representation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.45 +additive noise DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.20 0.51 +postprocessing TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +rcl parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +pack parse forest DSMMM 0.22 0.33 0.04 0.41 +chart-based generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +null marker location other 0.10 0.30 0.59 0.01 +similarity evaluation DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +wordnet synsets Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.01 +progressive feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +conceptual indexing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +3-way proficiency classification TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.18 0.07 +text coherence other 0.11 0.07 0.75 0.06 +data-driven decision-tree-based triphone smoothing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +hybrid word\/phoneme lattice TechTool 0.58 0.04 0.01 0.38 +document retrieval system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +lexicalization disjunction model DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.73 +benchmark Linguistics 0.35 0.37 0.19 0.09 +sf detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +maximum entropy models DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.80 +topical context other 0.10 0.05 0.83 0.02 +human operator TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.09 0.02 +advisory system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +random indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pair extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +segment order-sensitive method TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.01 +rule-induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +partof-speech tagging TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.02 0.01 +local ambiguity packing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +tagging method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +ne transliteration Linguistics 0.28 0.45 0.03 0.24 +plan recognition algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +keyboard layout TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.18 0.07 +swdb-damsl tag set TechTool 0.68 0.24 0.08 0.01 +machine analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +prosody generation system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +likelihood parameter re-estimation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +passivization TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +letter-to-sound translation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +transfer translation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +gralmnar TechTool 0.57 0.14 0.14 0.15 +cross-language retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +spelling Linguistics 0.10 0.52 0.34 0.04 +iexical information other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.01 +code assignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +expression extraction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +object-oriented TechTool 0.58 0.13 0.18 0.11 +detection and tracking TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +ilokano reduplication other 0.10 0.34 0.51 0.05 +data homogeneity DSMMM 0.00 0.06 0.41 0.53 +interactive machine TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +subcategorization preference TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.02 0.18 +stress perception other 0.01 0.16 0.78 0.05 +applicative paradigm other 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.01 +translation pair extraction TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +sentence embedding TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.41 +stopword removal TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.00 +r-dimensional space DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.12 0.87 +backend application subsystem TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.28 0.01 +compiler TechTool 0.45 0.19 0.32 0.03 +communicator TechTool 0.41 0.16 0.39 0.03 +tile map DSMMM 0.38 0.01 0.16 0.45 +weighting formula TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +topic identification accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +french-to-english machine translation TechTool 0.67 0.32 0.00 0.01 +probabilistic retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +hand-tagged corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.00 +word insertion TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +annotated lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.02 0.00 +class categorisation TechTool 0.51 0.30 0.16 0.03 +langnage understanding TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.04 0.04 +small tagged seed corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.02 0.00 +chunk Linguistics 0.12 0.41 0.32 0.14 +factorization TechTool 0.37 0.24 0.20 0.19 +multilingual projection TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.02 0.11 +statistical sequence inference TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +natural language parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +bilingual terminology Linguistics 0.01 0.82 0.16 0.02 +context-dependent word correction TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.04 0.05 +document filtering TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +editing processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +eca TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.07 0.12 +stochastic part-of-speech tagger TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.01 0.00 +supervised example-driven machine learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +general evaluation framework TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +automatic knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +focusing-based pronoun interpretation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.14 0.04 +gsearch TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +vowel classification TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.05 0.04 +semantic meaning Linguistics 0.07 0.83 0.08 0.02 +ontological exploration TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.02 +phrasal and single word lexical paraphrase Linguistics 0.24 0.66 0.09 0.01 +salesnmn problem other 0.15 0.19 0.59 0.07 +probabilistic modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +hierarchical parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +satisfaction survey TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.43 0.08 +passage analysis TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +mwu induction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +multimodal translation TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.18 0.00 +agenda-driven control TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.17 0.03 +competition learning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +user relevance judgment DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.47 0.48 +software documentation TechTool 0.64 0.05 0.31 0.00 +language processor TechTool 0.65 0.26 0.01 0.07 +syntactic constraint TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.16 0.01 +selection search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +single-document summarizer TechTool 0.73 0.27 0.00 0.00 +instance count DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.71 +english-to-japanese translation TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.00 0.01 +loop resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +language processing program TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +rule induction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +cd-rom production TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.01 +interactive conversion TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +indoeuropean data corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.01 0.09 +partial evaluation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.03 0.24 +compound translation Linguistics 0.19 0.79 0.01 0.01 +gemnmatical function other 0.21 0.22 0.31 0.25 +table look-up DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.07 0.84 +derivation forest other 0.36 0.06 0.51 0.06 +d-edge removal TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +syntactic extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +node identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +pragmatic analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +objective evaluation DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.26 0.46 +theoretical linguistics Linguistics 0.00 0.64 0.21 0.14 +np recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +word-alignment TechTool 0.87 0.07 0.00 0.06 +syntactic processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +open domain question-answering TechTool 0.71 0.19 0.10 0.01 +sentence-level parsing TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.28 +foreign language instruction other 0.12 0.43 0.44 0.01 +multiple sequence alignment TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +inferencing mechanism TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +noun hypernym hierarchy Linguistics 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.38 +explicitation TechTool 0.51 0.05 0.41 0.04 +synset abstraction TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.02 0.04 +sentence generation capability TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.07 0.05 +constraint removal TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +web link analysis TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.06 0.03 +local tree DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.02 0.79 +naive bayes independence assumption TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +supervised classification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multilingual domain vsm TechTool 0.85 0.11 0.04 0.01 +chat-style machine translation TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.04 0.01 +cov feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +argument-interpretation mechanism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +textual input other 0.02 0.03 0.95 0.00 +sense association TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +mc-value DSMMM 0.37 0.05 0.00 0.58 +prediction model DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.63 +quantifier Linguistics 0.07 0.58 0.16 0.19 +nominalized compound Linguistics 0.02 0.93 0.03 0.02 +semantic composition DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.05 0.61 +godis dialogue system TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +word translation choice other 0.41 0.03 0.49 0.08 +interactive disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +error driven pruning TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.22 +transducer induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +internet technology other 0.31 0.17 0.50 0.01 +automatic route description TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.07 0.01 +character type other 0.30 0.01 0.50 0.19 +tree building process other 0.08 0.00 0.71 0.21 +word-completion TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.02 0.11 +support vector regression TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +generic summary performance DSMMM 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.95 +human-machine dialog TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.12 0.01 +technical document Linguistics 0.00 0.69 0.30 0.00 +framenet project Linguistics 0.13 0.47 0.39 0.00 +lnorphology analysis component TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.00 +second language writing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +fully-connected first-order statistical class grammar TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.01 +tp construction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +e-learning other 0.48 0.00 0.51 0.00 +adjacency pair TechTool 0.49 0.10 0.03 0.37 +information measure other 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.49 +telephone interaction TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +spoken response generation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +proper noun extraction TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.00 0.00 +multidimensional optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +generative rule TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.16 0.04 +psg parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +extraction summarization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +matched-only measure DSMMM 0.27 0.02 0.00 0.70 +bottom-up strategy TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.04 0.09 +prolog environment TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +extraction-based multi-document summarization system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +length weighting DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.61 +discourse coherence other 0.09 0.17 0.66 0.08 +dynamic language model DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.74 +entity-based coherence TechTool 0.39 0.01 0.24 0.36 +rule-based word segmentor TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +grammatical coding TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +dp-based optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +nuclear act other 0.13 0.07 0.80 0.00 +3-fold cross validation TechTool 0.70 0.02 0.27 0.01 +auto-generating word-pair TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.01 0.04 +bootstrap estimation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +statistical analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +downstream processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +topic initialization TechTool 0.65 0.08 0.26 0.00 +corpus-based translation TechTool 0.56 0.42 0.00 0.02 +semantic annotation2 TechTool 0.45 0.05 0.32 0.17 +evaluation system TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +human computer interaction other 0.37 0.00 0.63 0.00 +transduction grammar TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.05 +disarnbiguation TechTool 0.66 0.08 0.15 0.12 +multi-document summarisation TechTool 0.71 0.28 0.01 0.00 +high precision gr DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.79 +timex recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +crown french-japanese dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.00 +syntactic disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +look-up strategy TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.16 +supervised learner TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +adaptive signal processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +benchmark test suite Linguistics 0.17 0.80 0.03 0.01 +search engines TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +tile graph DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.04 0.51 +fully-automatic high quality machine translation TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.00 0.15 +hierachization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +parse re-ranking TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.12 0.09 +finite-state parameter estimation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +categorial type logic TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +discourse parsing task other 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.00 +syntactic constraints other 0.26 0.03 0.70 0.01 +transducer learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +xml-based documentation TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.07 0.01 +grammatical relation other 0.02 0.06 0.87 0.04 +likelihood probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +full-text search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +target speaker other 0.06 0.09 0.85 0.01 +interactive summarization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +bilingual parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +hmm-based speech recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +paragraph indexing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +first story detection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +distribution modelling DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.67 +speech therapy other 0.19 0.06 0.71 0.03 +supervised discretisation TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +text interpretation TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.19 0.01 +grammar unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +preferential constraint satisfaction TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.02 0.39 +hp model DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.89 +english question classification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +tile word Linguistics 0.12 0.59 0.16 0.13 +dictionary coverage Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.47 +bottom-up chart-parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +olject-oriented programufiug TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.01 +boolean combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +resilient backpropagation TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.06 0.03 +english parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +natural lmlguage learning TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.00 +hand-built ontology TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +intelligent mobile agent TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +discourse-processing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +partial understanding TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +statistical hypothesis TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.28 0.10 +sentence boundary classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +output activation value DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.02 0.81 +graphical modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +linguistic knowledge representation TechTool 0.52 0.03 0.41 0.05 +time-synchronous beam search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +resolution anaphora TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +recognizer TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +terminological reasoning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +program selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical string Linguistics 0.06 0.64 0.31 0.00 +probabilistic parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phrase-internal agreement DSMMM 0.12 0.15 0.06 0.67 +set size DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.85 +reference determination TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +non-projective parsing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.04 0.09 +tile evaluation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.03 0.17 +artificial intelligence Linguistics 0.37 0.63 0.00 0.00 +feature extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +multi-paragraph segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +word extraction system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.02 +svm struct software package TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +cell conversion other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +recursive mdl TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +hmm composition TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +speech recognition engine TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.02 +temporal analysis TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +rule writing TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +preposition phrase Linguistics 0.03 0.97 0.00 0.01 +accent assignment TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +grammatical function assignment TechTool 0.78 0.03 0.17 0.01 +literal translation Linguistics 0.38 0.55 0.04 0.02 +list reranking TechTool 0.77 0.12 0.07 0.04 +stepwise bottom-up translation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.03 0.05 +shift\/reduce parser TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.09 0.08 +coreference solver TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +modeling number\/gender\/person agreement other 0.06 0.03 0.81 0.10 +predicate argument structure Linguistics 0.02 0.83 0.09 0.07 +sentence processing modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +learning-based anaphora resolution TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +maximum likelihood identification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +singular noun Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +observation probability distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +feature value DSMMM 0.39 0.01 0.00 0.60 +natural language interfaces TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.00 +electronic form other 0.15 0.24 0.61 0.01 +asr search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +segmentation system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +slot-filling TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +handwritten scripts Linguistics 0.32 0.44 0.24 0.01 +semantic definite clause grammar TechTool 0.64 0.31 0.04 0.00 +document-presentation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +hmm ie systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +dialogue-specific deliberation TechTool 0.61 0.15 0.24 0.00 +summarization approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +node matching TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +phonetic sequence other 0.15 0.01 0.84 0.00 +precision DSMMM 0.05 0.10 0.22 0.64 +meta-inference type TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.00 +multi-level chart parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +french broadcast news Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.04 0.00 +co-occurrence statistics DSMMM 0.20 0.01 0.06 0.73 +name recognition and classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +language change other 0.01 0.00 0.57 0.42 +relevance estimation TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +phonetic spelling other 0.41 0.00 0.59 0.00 +syntactic score DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.93 +forest creation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +sign language Linguistics 0.11 0.60 0.03 0.26 +word form analysis TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.05 0.03 +natural language understanding system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +content management TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +dialog schemata TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.01 +citation indexing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lan access TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.03 0.05 +domain-oriented tlisamblguation knowledge other 0.20 0.02 0.78 0.00 +idf term weighting DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +name disambiguation TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.00 +entity corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.01 0.16 +classifier comparison TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +electronic text encoding TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +syntaclic ambiguity other 0.10 0.00 0.87 0.03 +cnn segmentation TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.05 0.00 +goal-driven processing TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +standard terminology Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.12 0.04 +object-oriented database TechTool 0.41 0.39 0.18 0.02 +data sets DSMMM 0.00 0.23 0.21 0.55 +expectation other 0.23 0.21 0.36 0.20 +iterative bootstrapping TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tagging accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +dialog translation TechTool 0.83 0.11 0.05 0.01 +baseline score DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +museum system TechTool 0.82 0.18 0.00 0.00 +web page classification Linguistics 0.22 0.39 0.07 0.32 +long-term storage TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.03 0.30 +ideographic text Linguistics 0.01 0.74 0.24 0.00 +question processing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +component integration TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +top-down approach TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +constraints acquisition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +on-line language learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.08 0.08 +human-authored text Linguistics 0.22 0.46 0.31 0.01 +life cycle maintenance TechTool 0.75 0.02 0.21 0.03 +ocr error correction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.10 +healthcare TechTool 0.58 0.09 0.25 0.08 +maxent model DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.72 +contextfree grammar TechTool 0.58 0.30 0.02 0.10 +anaphora classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +term list Linguistics 0.00 0.58 0.03 0.40 +deterministic closure other 0.16 0.00 0.58 0.26 +patiern matching other 0.31 0.20 0.34 0.14 +monolingual corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.04 +vocabulary-bias training Linguistics 0.12 0.51 0.08 0.29 +dependency-based translation TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.01 0.09 +bracket combination TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.06 0.21 +lexicon tuning TechTool 0.52 0.47 0.01 0.01 +quasi-dependency-strength estimation TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.01 0.30 +video processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +german noun chunking Linguistics 0.33 0.67 0.00 0.00 +weighted class voting TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +pre-processing TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.01 +structural representation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.09 0.11 +map-making TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.22 0.23 +penn tree bank Linguistics 0.01 0.86 0.04 0.09 +graph manipulation TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.02 0.36 +lexicon developrnent TechTool 0.57 0.20 0.11 0.12 +ambiguity packing and stochastic disambiguation technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +category discovery TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +word-guessing TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.00 0.05 +speech recognition and translation TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.14 0.01 +corpus similarity and homogeneity DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.14 0.83 +temporal relation classification TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +text preprocessing and standardization TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +database browsing TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.01 +finite ambiguity other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +competitive learning TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +large-vocabulary corpus development Linguistics 0.27 0.68 0.04 0.01 +re-ranker TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.16 0.01 +graph generalization DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.01 0.55 +natural language knowledge other 0.11 0.02 0.87 0.00 +lazy ewfluation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.03 +geographic text search TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.15 0.02 +system shell TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +structural learning TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +coefficient learning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.21 +event\/state structure other 0.16 0.28 0.47 0.10 +single word classification TechTool 0.66 0.33 0.00 0.00 +recognition model TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.47 +cosine similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +pronominalization other 0.34 0.17 0.40 0.08 +tile identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +l-bfgs optimisation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +language normalization TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +probabilistic voting TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +inflectional morphology Linguistics 0.02 0.90 0.08 0.00 +semi-supervised clustering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +case-role mismatch TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.12 0.04 +prediction system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +orthographic disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +semantic disambiguator TechTool 0.74 0.16 0.07 0.03 +author recognition TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +language correction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.03 +corpus translation Linguistics 0.07 0.92 0.00 0.01 +gradient-based optimization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +support-vector learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +two-class classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +scope-ambiguous representation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.41 0.02 +mapping parsing output other 0.36 0.00 0.62 0.02 +query-relevant summarizer-by-extraction TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.02 +attribute-value matrix DSMMM 0.41 0.01 0.01 0.57 +lucy TechTool 0.67 0.08 0.11 0.14 +n-gram training TechTool 0.65 0.06 0.03 0.26 +multi-dimensional classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +natural language processing ( nlp ) system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +interruption TechTool 0.59 0.07 0.27 0.07 +vocabulary-learning TechTool 0.63 0.20 0.11 0.05 +high-level meaning representation TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.03 0.27 +shift-reduce parsing approach TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.07 0.07 +mathematical expression parser TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.00 0.25 +error model estimation DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.59 +semantic theory other 0.10 0.28 0.60 0.02 +linguistic structure inference TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +automated analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +svd dimensionality reduction TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.01 0.40 +boolean operation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +dialogue management TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.00 +speech recognition hypothesis other 0.43 0.02 0.48 0.07 +modern chinese-english dictionary Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.01 +standard deviation DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.02 0.55 +grammatical description Linguistics 0.08 0.71 0.17 0.04 +verb raisers TechTool 0.40 0.32 0.23 0.05 +natural languag TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.05 0.00 +mouse-controlled rubber-band TechTool 0.60 0.01 0.05 0.34 +content-based information retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.02 +co-selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +highly inflect language Linguistics 0.03 0.72 0.14 0.11 +language syntax other 0.14 0.15 0.52 0.19 +mixed initiative dialogue TechTool 0.75 0.17 0.07 0.01 +automatic parameter optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +orthonormal basis approach Linguistics 0.39 0.52 0.06 0.03 +likelihood segmentation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +text planner TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +dictionary lookup TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +information-based modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +syntactical structure analysis TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.06 0.01 +localize phrase-based prediction model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +word sense similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.90 +anaphoric noun Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.00 +assertive-act TechTool 0.56 0.14 0.30 0.01 +porter stemming TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +tokens Linguistics 0.10 0.63 0.20 0.07 +unknown word detection TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +keyword TechTool 0.59 0.14 0.14 0.12 +automated search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +forward dynamic programming search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +mining TechTool 0.64 0.07 0.24 0.05 +paragraph alignment TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.06 0.10 +text-based segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multi-layer annotation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.02 0.00 +bilingual term Linguistics 0.01 0.50 0.01 0.48 +speak dialogue Linguistics 0.01 0.51 0.42 0.06 +transfer analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +rouge evaluation DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.05 0.78 +dataset creation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +corpus-based disambiguation TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.00 0.01 +target expression DSMMM 0.02 0.42 0.05 0.51 +mixture alignment probability DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.84 +lexical rule interaction TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +wall street journal text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +learnability theory other 0.14 0.16 0.69 0.02 +stem morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.84 0.15 0.01 +lpc analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +knowledge acquisition and classification TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +speech pattern recognition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.03 +prolog code TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +training procedure TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +lanugage processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +verbal acquisition TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.10 0.00 +bottom-up pattern-matching parser TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +faulty reasoning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.00 +vertex selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +query term weighting DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.56 +spanning tree DSMMM 0.05 0.10 0.02 0.83 +decoding TechTool 0.62 0.06 0.24 0.08 +automaton determinization and minimization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.03 +pcfg TechTool 0.72 0.08 0.10 0.10 +term synonymy DSMMM 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.88 +word stemming TechTool 0.53 0.21 0.22 0.04 +text alignment TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +tree-induction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +postposition phrase Linguistics 0.17 0.78 0.00 0.05 +natural language translation TechTool 0.74 0.14 0.12 0.00 +supervised learning technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +chart-based algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +discourse transition other 0.14 0.00 0.85 0.01 +online processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +muitimodal generation \ TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +reordering example extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +linguist other 0.26 0.11 0.59 0.04 +reference other 0.02 0.26 0.63 0.10 +k-mean clustering TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +translation memory system TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.03 +superset approximation DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.30 0.59 +knowledge sharing and transfer TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.01 +word recovery TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +probability estimates DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +data log likelihood DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +discourse understanding process other 0.15 0.00 0.85 0.00 +selective utterance verification TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.19 0.06 +pp-verb Linguistics 0.08 0.91 0.01 0.00 +verb phrase ellipsis Linguistics 0.09 0.88 0.03 0.00 +lexical type other 0.08 0.32 0.59 0.00 +intonation selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +dialogue act processing TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +machine translation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.02 +lexical database tool TechTool 0.46 0.16 0.39 0.00 +one-shot learning TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +machines classi cation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +modeling TechTool 0.55 0.19 0.16 0.10 +application-specific inference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +subject noun phrase Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +linguistic structures Linguistics 0.05 0.56 0.22 0.16 +online query translation TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.11 0.01 +semantic input other 0.06 0.07 0.87 0.00 +token alignment TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.06 +pearson correlation DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.89 +single word alignment TechTool 0.59 0.40 0.00 0.00 +semantic structures other 0.18 0.14 0.39 0.30 +string-realization process other 0.43 0.00 0.56 0.01 +paraphrase generation technology TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +segmentation and pos tagging TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +unsupervised rank aggregation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +context cluster other 0.03 0.06 0.77 0.14 +joint distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.88 +entropy modelling TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +corelex TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +nl interface TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +inference networks TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +qualitative analysis TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +phrasal lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.00 0.06 +structure parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +shallow syntactic feature TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.03 0.10 +lexical adaptation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.13 0.00 +forwardbackward search technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +anchor TechTool 0.61 0.15 0.16 0.08 +large-scale grammar design TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.07 0.03 +filtered cross-correlation DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.29 0.63 +inter-paragraph relation other 0.10 0.01 0.50 0.39 +conceptual domain knowledge other 0.02 0.02 0.94 0.01 +ir TechTool 0.65 0.14 0.12 0.09 +boolean logic TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +centroid-based classifier TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +map navigation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.10 0.12 +semantic tree DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.90 +bayes classification TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +linguistic resources Linguistics 0.02 0.75 0.22 0.01 +domain plan reasoning TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +pairwise alignment technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +grammar modularity TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.04 0.11 +slot filling TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +transfer probability DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +conceptual association DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.54 +factored language model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.90 +semantic restriction DSMMM 0.42 0.05 0.10 0.42 +data category Linguistics 0.01 0.46 0.25 0.29 +unannotated corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.02 +distributional information other 0.02 0.01 0.95 0.02 +metadata format TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.22 0.01 +predicative phrase Linguistics 0.08 0.90 0.00 0.01 +backtrack parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +deep natural language understanding TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.06 0.01 +domain recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +tile predicate relaxation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +computer-based natural language understanding TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +bleu scores DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +fuzzy unification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +lexical acquisition TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +clause aggregation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +google api technology TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +realisation process other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.01 +interactive language acquisition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +trec data other 0.00 0.44 0.52 0.04 +Path-based inference rules TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.03 0.14 +text processing\/editing TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +probability distribution modeling DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.92 +np prediction TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.00 0.32 +model structure acquisition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +two-phase named entity recognition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +parser-mediated revision TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language pair Linguistics 0.31 0.40 0.21 0.09 +essay coherence other 0.25 0.01 0.60 0.14 +natural language analyzer TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +quadratic programming TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +character sequence kernel TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +bleu method TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +interactivity TechTool 0.50 0.08 0.33 0.10 +parameter tuning and debugging TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +svms training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pattern learning and generalization TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.37 0.08 +adverb-verb structure Linguistics 0.12 0.85 0.01 0.02 +event-based summarization TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +random number generator TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +annotation tool TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +thesaurus extension Linguistics 0.34 0.58 0.02 0.06 +presentation generation TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.00 +robustness-oriented learning TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.00 +incremental supervised machine learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +spoken language system TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.00 +type-changing rule TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.02 +political discourse Linguistics 0.01 0.60 0.39 0.00 +discourse structures Linguistics 0.02 0.60 0.35 0.03 +text generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +structure-mapping TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.02 +lexical rule system TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +error processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +courseviewgenerator TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +nlp software TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.08 0.00 +weight pushing DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +speaker-independent task other 0.43 0.00 0.57 0.00 +pattern validation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +plan generation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +query-sensitive text summarization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +computer-assisted language instruction TechTool 0.83 0.08 0.08 0.01 +query system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +sequence extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +biased sampling method TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +syllabic phoneme TechTool 0.36 0.15 0.26 0.22 +selectional restriction TechTool 0.44 0.33 0.01 0.22 +discourse corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.01 +augmented chart parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +em\/viterbi TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +monologue generation program TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +node rewriting TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.01 0.02 +inductive inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +interaction network TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.19 0.26 +transformational parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +orthographic similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.96 +semantic subcategorisation information other 0.05 0.01 0.92 0.02 +text genre Linguistics 0.01 0.76 0.23 0.01 +parallel analysis TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.02 0.00 +secondlanguage learning other 0.23 0.17 0.42 0.18 +pronoun-assignment TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +word splitting TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.07 0.11 +user query TechTool 0.36 0.17 0.13 0.34 +dialogue strategy TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +random access memory TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +empty category principle TechTool 0.59 0.19 0.08 0.14 +parallel text corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +scoring human performanc TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.03 0.15 +information projection other 0.08 0.00 0.76 0.16 +metagger TechTool 0.70 0.11 0.10 0.09 +french language Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +humancomputer interaction other 0.39 0.05 0.50 0.06 +definite anaphora Linguistics 0.46 0.50 0.04 0.00 +template acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +mandarin pronunciation other 0.06 0.34 0.60 0.01 +model-theoretic algorithm TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +frame actualization TechTool 0.71 0.24 0.04 0.01 +overlapping ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.00 +pattern-based technique TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +multi-sensor information other 0.43 0.04 0.53 0.00 +probabilistic clustering TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +grammar extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +co-occurrences other 0.08 0.20 0.71 0.01 +content representation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.21 0.21 +relational pattern discovery TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +text-based machine translation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.01 +ambiguity management TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +lexicon Linguistics 0.21 0.51 0.14 0.14 +grammatical acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +alignment process TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.00 +automated bank teller TechTool 0.69 0.29 0.01 0.00 +extrinsic evaluation measures DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.93 +break insertion TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +many-to-many mapping TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +lexical inheritance TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +japanese verb frame Linguistics 0.04 0.95 0.01 0.00 +phonemes Linguistics 0.18 0.57 0.20 0.05 +statistical dialogue analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +string Linguistics 0.22 0.48 0.18 0.13 +entity detection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +deep syntactic analysis TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.06 0.01 +verb-object recognition Linguistics 0.48 0.50 0.01 0.01 +phonetic euphony TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.42 0.05 +unsupervised identification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +inheritance type hierarchy TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.13 0.40 +object recognition TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.04 0.03 +word bigram model DSMMM 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.95 +multi-media computer TechTool 0.83 0.15 0.02 0.00 +pronominal anaphora resolution TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +situation adaption other 0.15 0.03 0.78 0.04 +twente nieuws corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +phrasal translation TechTool 0.59 0.37 0.01 0.04 +discriminative re-ranking framework TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +intelligent interface TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +pre-determined threshold DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.49 0.49 +lexicon entry Linguistics 0.11 0.88 0.00 0.01 +morphological rule extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +theories TechTool 0.45 0.22 0.13 0.20 +cascaded training TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.00 +sniper corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.04 +preposition disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.00 0.00 +untagged corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +polynomial-time recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +chunk alignment TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +implenlentation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +webexp software package TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +multiagent planning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +palsumm tree pruning TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +on-line prediction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.26 +chart-walk TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +language development other 0.47 0.01 0.49 0.03 +bottom-up dependency parsing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +subtree inclusion other 0.36 0.04 0.39 0.21 +software development TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +automatic induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +definite anaphora resolution TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.01 0.00 +finite-state automaton TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.10 0.00 +backoff technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +linguistic concern other 0.03 0.01 0.95 0.01 +adverb ordering TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +language behavior other 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.24 +text_editor other 0.36 0.18 0.41 0.05 +medical science Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.03 0.00 +montague grammar Linguistics 0.45 0.55 0.00 0.00 +hypothesis verification TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.27 0.19 +data-oriented method TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.07 0.06 +speech-to-speech dialogue translation TechTool 0.86 0.09 0.03 0.03 +language corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.01 0.09 +atis data collection Linguistics 0.03 0.72 0.20 0.05 +n-best search strategy TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.03 +intelligent multimodal information presentation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +prepositional-phrase attachment Linguistics 0.42 0.56 0.00 0.02 +semantic ill-formedness TechTool 0.74 0.01 0.17 0.08 +calendar information other 0.04 0.01 0.95 0.00 +penn treebank parsers Linguistics 0.06 0.85 0.08 0.00 +hhe search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.05 +domain-independence TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.07 0.04 +sex-identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +non-parametric statistical pattern recognition technique TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +preposition classification TechTool 0.76 0.24 0.00 0.00 +linguistic structure Linguistics 0.09 0.64 0.11 0.16 +information modeling TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +discriminate analysis TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +verbal complementation Linguistics 0.02 0.55 0.42 0.00 +japanese translation Linguistics 0.39 0.59 0.02 0.00 +link identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +syntactic dependency relation other 0.10 0.06 0.60 0.24 +ee detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +random forest Linguistics 0.12 0.54 0.00 0.34 +edit distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +regularization TechTool 0.48 0.18 0.26 0.08 +bilingual resource Linguistics 0.04 0.89 0.03 0.05 +word-segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.01 +visual formatting other 0.45 0.00 0.54 0.01 +tile TechTool 0.42 0.21 0.21 0.16 +second-order predicate logic TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +why2-atlas conceptual physics tutoringsystem TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.08 0.03 +cm parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +noisy probability model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +head-operator detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +well-formedness constraint other 0.32 0.00 0.58 0.10 +grarmnatical category Linguistics 0.06 0.55 0.25 0.15 +case frame TechTool 0.85 0.04 0.04 0.07 +lfg notation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.02 +grammar design and disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +gesture other 0.32 0.06 0.57 0.05 +plan inference TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +entity other 0.20 0.17 0.47 0.16 +quality control DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +incremental constraint satisfaction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.14 +davidsonian analysis TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +grammatical category information other 0.01 0.23 0.75 0.01 +full machine translation TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.04 0.01 +passive clause TechTool 0.75 0.08 0.17 0.00 +parallel interpretation TechTool 0.81 0.16 0.02 0.00 +gene information retrieval TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.01 +dependency reparsing TechTool 0.76 0.06 0.03 0.15 +text classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +subsymbolic processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +polynomial-time generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +text critiquing Linguistics 0.23 0.57 0.20 0.00 +low complexity prediction DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.04 0.50 +symbolic processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +parallel processing TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.01 0.00 +discourse expansion process other 0.42 0.00 0.56 0.02 +mssm algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +word extraction TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.04 +hfformation mapping TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.41 0.01 +grammar formalisms TechTool 0.78 0.22 0.00 0.00 +spoken-document retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +mechanisms other 0.34 0.09 0.50 0.07 +english pronunciation unit other 0.14 0.16 0.51 0.19 +off-line constraint propagation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +reasoning technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +speech command and control other 0.08 0.00 0.61 0.31 +phological analysis TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.01 +automatic word correction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +category-based grouping TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.07 0.05 +translator training TechTool 0.83 0.10 0.03 0.05 +language Linguistics 0.20 0.57 0.14 0.09 +suffix pronunciation Linguistics 0.15 0.65 0.20 0.00 +negative binomial DSMMM 0.10 0.22 0.02 0.66 +animacy hierarchy DSMMM 0.01 0.16 0.14 0.69 +sentence analysis TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.02 0.11 +answer reranking and validation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.33 0.06 +feature-based approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +vocabulary indexing TechTool 0.72 0.10 0.01 0.17 +kernel TechTool 0.53 0.15 0.15 0.17 +surface level information other 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.11 +statistical parsing model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +speaker ' utterance other 0.00 0.19 0.80 0.00 +sequential inference TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +document comparison TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +natural-language generation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +f score DSMMM 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.87 +near-duplicate document detection TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.02 0.04 +keypoint detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +dag search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +bengali verb Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.04 0.00 +environmental compensation TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.34 0.17 +f-structure information other 0.09 0.13 0.57 0.21 +sequential correspondence TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +sentence reordering TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.17 +frame element Linguistics 0.25 0.63 0.12 0.01 +feature modification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +idf scoring TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +automatic thesaurus extraction TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +sub-structural alignment algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +weight decay regularization TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +definite anaphor generation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +estimation process TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.12 0.05 +text-to-speech engine TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +katakana TechTool 0.52 0.18 0.11 0.19 +computational linguists Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.41 0.06 +syntactic expression DSMMM 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.77 +multi-class recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +contextual reference resolution TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +speaker-specific modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +question representation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.19 0.10 +restrictive planning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +speech summarization TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.02 0.02 +tag recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +large comparable news corpus Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.01 0.00 +user ' informational goal other 0.02 0.24 0.73 0.01 +parallel principle TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.03 0.07 +semantic underspecification TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.17 0.01 +chinese morphology Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.03 0.01 +noun phrase translation Linguistics 0.21 0.75 0.00 0.03 +hanzi-level majority voting TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +conversational analysis TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +on-line parser generator TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +transfer grammar learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +discourse category Linguistics 0.02 0.70 0.27 0.02 +online adaptation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +constructive proof TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +stack decoder TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.20 0.02 +speak dialogue system TechTool 0.79 0.09 0.07 0.06 +query interpretation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.12 +supertag set other 0.04 0.37 0.56 0.02 +rule generation method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +weighed sum DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.90 +itp discourse segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.05 0.00 +fragment identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexical semantic Linguistics 0.40 0.41 0.19 0.00 +binary classification problem TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +integration framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +parse table other 0.00 0.04 0.49 0.47 +target language model DSMMM 0.03 0.08 0.01 0.89 +markov chain TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.02 0.31 +slide presentation other 0.40 0.00 0.58 0.01 +alternating structure optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +monolingual parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +word-noise DSMMM 0.30 0.01 0.12 0.58 +sentence pair TechTool 0.37 0.27 0.04 0.32 +word-sense disambiguation system TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +normalized cut criterion DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.04 0.84 +lexical rule TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.00 +iterative learning approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tied-mixture context modeling TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.02 +alignment methodology TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.00 +constituent voting TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.05 +synthetic noise rate DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.91 +japanese character recognition TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +unigram tagger TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +bottom-up left-corner parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +local estimation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.26 +mixed-initiative corpus annotation TechTool 0.73 0.27 0.00 0.00 +intelligent document understanding TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +statistical extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +kyoto corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +spectral analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +ibm2 model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.91 +language access TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.06 0.22 +argumentatively-justified summarization TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.01 +semantic role assignment TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.00 +sense disambiguation task TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +category structure Linguistics 0.06 0.54 0.15 0.26 +average error rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +template-based semantic parsing approach TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +terminological knowledge base other 0.05 0.19 0.75 0.01 +reading other 0.15 0.23 0.32 0.30 +coreference system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +presentational coherence other 0.16 0.03 0.46 0.35 +polynomial complexity generation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.07 +breath detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +speech recognition software TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +morphological hierarchy other 0.05 0.39 0.48 0.08 +graph-based partitioning TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +best-frrst parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +fitness value DSMMM 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.91 +hierarchical planning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +software engineer TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.11 0.00 +node admissability TechTool 0.61 0.07 0.06 0.27 +forecasting Linguistics 0.37 0.40 0.19 0.04 +qlf transfer TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +speech recognition accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +data oriented parsing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.02 +broadcast transcription TechTool 0.74 0.03 0.23 0.00 +tree kernels DSMMM 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.86 +map adaptation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.09 +score evaluation DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +tree-based prominence prediction DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.01 0.50 +dictionary compilation TechTool 0.66 0.32 0.01 0.01 +word informativeness DSMMM 0.12 0.11 0.03 0.73 +cky bottom-up chart-parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +string recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +hpsg parse TechTool 0.81 0.17 0.02 0.01 +binary notation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +single-neuro tagger TechTool 0.79 0.21 0.00 0.00 +knowledge engineering tool TechTool 0.75 0.05 0.21 0.00 +bilingual corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.03 +dictionary extraction TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.00 0.01 +hierarchy acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +weighted voting scheme TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +combined learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +training and testing data Linguistics 0.25 0.35 0.28 0.11 +word segmenter TechTool 0.81 0.15 0.01 0.03 +fast converging optimization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lexical cohesion-based approach TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +free indexation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +mapping rule TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +keyword enumeration TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.05 0.05 +transitive verbs Linguistics 0.00 0.82 0.18 0.00 +partial chunk TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.17 0.07 +four-step supervised learning algorithm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +simulation technology TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +transliterator TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +information scoring TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.41 0.06 +cfar scoring TechTool 0.53 0.08 0.30 0.09 +duration model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +linear text segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +knowledge retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +verb detection TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +reservation system TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +human language assessment other 0.15 0.01 0.57 0.27 +language analyser TechTool 0.75 0.06 0.14 0.05 +lfg c-structure TechTool 0.68 0.05 0.15 0.12 +selection statement TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lexical learning system TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.13 0.00 +abductive equivalential translation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +multi-pass search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +extraction and conversion rules TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +tiers measure DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.91 +english tree DSMMM 0.01 0.12 0.02 0.86 +latent tree posterior DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.94 +typed feature structure TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.06 0.14 +combined presupposition-ra TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.01 0.00 +short answer extraction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.05 0.06 +web-based language processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.07 +prosodic prominence other 0.34 0.01 0.58 0.07 +% summarisation ratio DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.12 0.65 +np representation TechTool 0.50 0.03 0.01 0.46 +tag information other 0.10 0.02 0.88 0.00 +word alignement Linguistics 0.37 0.38 0.04 0.21 +content understanding TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.01 +corner derivation graph DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.38 0.49 +development set other 0.06 0.08 0.84 0.02 +bitext alignment TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.00 0.09 +morphological classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +verb pattern generation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +lr parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +computerized information retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.01 +interpolation coefficients DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.60 +semantic feature extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +binary estimation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +substructural logic theory TechTool 0.71 0.05 0.24 0.00 +morphological segmentation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.15 0.00 +word level disambiguation TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.20 0.13 +computer aid second language learn TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.03 +multi-doc summarization TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.00 +relation extrac TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.47 0.04 +topicalized noun phrase Linguistics 0.08 0.90 0.00 0.03 +high dimensionality space DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.08 0.78 +words sequence Linguistics 0.00 0.73 0.26 0.01 +frequently-asked question other 0.17 0.02 0.79 0.02 +ldc news corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +spell-checking TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.26 +automatic evaluation method TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +controlled recognition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +spoken multiparty dialogue Linguistics 0.16 0.67 0.17 0.00 +gene\/protein name Linguistics 0.06 0.61 0.31 0.01 +feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +network structure DSMMM 0.20 0.02 0.01 0.78 +matching technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +lcxical description other 0.20 0.30 0.46 0.04 +document pre-processing and analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +language-based information extraction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.03 +vector representation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +interpretation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +argumentation TechTool 0.37 0.27 0.33 0.03 +swedish text Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.04 0.00 +vp coordination Linguistics 0.21 0.64 0.15 0.00 +maxent part-of-speech tagger TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +text segmentation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.00 +benchmark corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.01 +feature mining TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +dialogue development TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.40 0.01 +inferential independence TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +Tree Adjoining Grammars TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.01 0.01 +natural language processor TechTool 0.80 0.16 0.03 0.00 +definition generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +software infrastructure TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.00 +location name normalization TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +context-free languages TechTool 0.80 0.15 0.04 0.00 +verb-pp identification TechTool 0.85 0.15 0.00 0.00 +sentence plan tree DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.08 0.85 +empirical evaluation DSMMM 0.40 0.01 0.13 0.46 +domain reasoning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +automatic transliteration TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syntactic condensation TechTool 0.79 0.12 0.07 0.02 +inside-outside training TechTool 0.89 0.08 0.00 0.03 +confusion matrix other 0.16 0.00 0.55 0.30 +subcategorization frames Linguistics 0.06 0.90 0.04 0.00 +simulated annealing optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syntactic probability DSMMM 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.95 +speech modality other 0.18 0.12 0.64 0.06 +named entity type Linguistics 0.22 0.41 0.32 0.04 +noun phrase disambiguation TechTool 0.57 0.43 0.00 0.01 +spoken input other 0.13 0.21 0.66 0.00 +block learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +expressions generation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +sense delimitation TechTool 0.84 0.05 0.10 0.01 +darpa communicator project other 0.32 0.02 0.66 0.00 +text-checking TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +lsa matrix DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.74 +progressiveness other 0.10 0.18 0.42 0.30 +vertex DSMMM 0.31 0.19 0.16 0.34 +subcategorisation TechTool 0.55 0.11 0.17 0.16 +long query retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +context specification other 0.48 0.00 0.49 0.03 +intensional isomorphism TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.41 0.06 +two-stage retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +question-answer format TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.35 0.05 +context-free rewriting TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +wayback machine TechTool 0.35 0.27 0.25 0.13 +lexicalized grammar formalism TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.02 0.05 +supervised learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +social knowledge other 0.00 0.09 0.91 0.00 +automatic error analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +web service Linguistics 0.19 0.66 0.07 0.07 +transformational grammars TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +literal set Linguistics 0.00 0.59 0.32 0.09 +look-behind reordering TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.05 0.11 +identification system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +algorithmic reversibility other 0.33 0.00 0.61 0.06 +categorial grammar framework TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +chucking DSMMM 0.26 0.19 0.26 0.30 +left-to-right single pass parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +ontological knowledge source other 0.13 0.07 0.79 0.00 +semantic measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.07 0.92 +transfer function TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.10 +lexicon construction Linguistics 0.24 0.70 0.04 0.01 +cf parsing algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +algebraic structure DSMMM 0.31 0.23 0.10 0.36 +summarizer learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +authorship recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +text skimming TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.16 0.00 +conceptual analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.05 +alignment modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +exact meaning other 0.36 0.01 0.51 0.11 +knowledge-based text classification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +discourse marker selection TechTool 0.90 0.09 0.01 0.00 +chronological ordering algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +noun categorization scheme TechTool 0.72 0.28 0.00 0.00 +head-corner parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +language variability DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.44 0.56 +morphological disambigua TechTool 0.55 0.08 0.36 0.00 +minimalist grammar TechTool 0.60 0.31 0.01 0.09 +gradability TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +video analysis TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +hmm re-estimation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +average string length DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.97 +corpus-based semantic knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +generalized iterative scaling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +resource description other 0.16 0.27 0.48 0.09 +variable substitution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +probability model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +muc-3 other 0.07 0.02 0.46 0.45 +search TechTool 0.39 0.10 0.37 0.14 +discourse-based summarization TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +gist preservation TechTool 0.55 0.02 0.37 0.06 +rareas TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +lexical preproeessing TechTool 0.44 0.36 0.20 0.00 +annotation graph query language TechTool 0.49 0.02 0.07 0.42 +multilingual voice transcription TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +word sequence Linguistics 0.03 0.56 0.40 0.01 +intelligent message retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +dutch speech synthesis TechTool 0.53 0.26 0.21 0.00 +hybrid neural-net\/expert-system TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 +automatic rule generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +triphone TechTool 0.49 0.11 0.26 0.14 +speech translation TechTool 0.45 0.40 0.11 0.04 +automated speech processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +management software TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +semantic roles Linguistics 0.01 0.62 0.36 0.00 +csr ( connect speech recognition ) corpus Linguistics 0.08 0.90 0.01 0.01 +prepositional attachment Linguistics 0.26 0.73 0.00 0.00 +letter-counting TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +summarization evalua TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +stack-based decoding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +paraphrase classification accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.98 +aggregate analysis engine TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +multipurpose information management TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +pattern classification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +decidability TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.25 0.10 +function annotation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.00 +thematic continuity Linguistics 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.01 +conversational robot other 0.28 0.01 0.71 0.00 +array processor TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.22 +lexical entry Linguistics 0.41 0.51 0.08 0.00 +algorithm development TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +named entity scorer Linguistics 0.37 0.43 0.18 0.01 +perspective shifting other 0.06 0.01 0.85 0.08 +model parameter optimization TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +semantic grouping TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +semantic disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +maximum likelihood criterion DSMMM 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.73 +pattern-matching TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.19 +qualitative evaluation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.10 0.19 +plan recognition process other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +government phonology Linguistics 0.01 0.70 0.29 0.00 +lookahead TechTool 0.56 0.09 0.09 0.26 +boundary representation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +bitext-based lexicon evaluation TechTool 0.54 0.21 0.01 0.24 +discourse anaphora Linguistics 0.13 0.67 0.20 0.00 +nltk TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +theory generation TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.14 0.00 +enunciative situation other 0.03 0.19 0.74 0.04 +intelligent training system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +bag-of-features modeling TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.03 +interlanguage phonology Linguistics 0.05 0.70 0.16 0.09 +inside-outside parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +context modelling TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.16 0.02 +interact ive multimedia TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.01 0.00 +probability-directed chart parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +comparative summarization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +byblos speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +lexicm TechTool 0.51 0.08 0.28 0.12 +lexicon-based spelling correction TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +affixation other 0.15 0.35 0.36 0.14 +class probability DSMMM 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.95 +knowledge representation language TechTool 0.44 0.13 0.42 0.01 +feature merging TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +token Linguistics 0.19 0.47 0.25 0.09 +logical inference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +german-to-english transfer TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +vpe resolution system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +part-ofspeech disambiguation TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.32 0.00 +abstract grammar encoding TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.12 0.05 +distance matrix DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.94 +information fusion other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +spanish morphology Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.00 +language resource discovery TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.01 +domain-specific information other 0.20 0.06 0.74 0.00 +generative phonological approach TechTool 0.61 0.32 0.05 0.01 +np analysis TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.02 0.03 +evaluation paradigm DSMMM 0.22 0.10 0.03 0.65 +ne classification TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.00 0.06 +tdag construction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.14 0.03 +anaphora resolution rules TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sorted logic TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.32 0.03 +disposition other 0.06 0.13 0.56 0.25 +possible translation other 0.10 0.02 0.88 0.00 +language processsing TechTool 0.44 0.03 0.39 0.15 +partitional clustering TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +duration prediction DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.01 0.54 +parsing history other 0.25 0.01 0.41 0.33 +direct projection TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.40 0.07 +graph generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +multilevel parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +automated summarization evaluation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +multi-dimensional category model DSMMM 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.91 +conversational speech recognition TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +natural-language database interface TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +montague treatment TechTool 0.58 0.39 0.03 0.00 +unification-based processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +letter recognizer TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +projective parsing algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +ontology comparison TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +nonlocal dependency recovery TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.05 0.07 +syntactic network DSMMM 0.48 0.02 0.01 0.49 +discriminative alignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +automatic language analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +rapid propagation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +information representation other 0.39 0.00 0.57 0.04 +constraint logic TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +np conjunction Linguistics 0.14 0.85 0.00 0.00 +reversible generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +text categorization tool TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.04 0.00 +explanation-based learning ebl TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +subcategorization class Linguistics 0.05 0.78 0.13 0.04 +frame identification TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +maximum likelihood training TechTool 0.57 0.01 0.00 0.42 +readability assessment DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.16 0.75 +annotation program TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +many-to-one mapping TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +japanese summarization TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +ccg supertagging TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +language evolution other 0.08 0.03 0.76 0.14 +tone classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +unsupervised letter-substitution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +predictive parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +type detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +np-chunks identification TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +fragment detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +example-based rescoring TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +underspecified discourse Linguistics 0.24 0.48 0.28 0.00 +wsj corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.07 +nonstructural coherence DSMMM 0.20 0.02 0.35 0.43 +argument detection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +verb-classification TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.00 0.00 +dynamic dependency parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +text-image editing TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.01 +agglomerative mutualinformation-based clustering method TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +taxonomy induction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +subject-verb phrase Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.00 +textual coherence other 0.09 0.00 0.80 0.10 +interlingual machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.02 0.01 +term-recognition TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +surface similarity measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.94 +phonetic modeling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.03 +query modification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.05 0.06 +heuristic rule selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +information context other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +iterative expectation-maximization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +construction bidding management TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +treegram-index retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +bilingual generation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +procedural knowledge representation TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.31 0.01 +standardisation TechTool 0.49 0.16 0.28 0.06 +singular indefinite noun phrase Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.00 0.02 +commandtalk TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +corpos analysis TechTool 0.71 0.07 0.17 0.05 +acoustic mapping TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.33 0.22 +winword TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +flow chart other 0.45 0.00 0.54 0.00 +contingency table model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.89 +iterative boosting TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language-independent extraction TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +description logic TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.01 +bibliographic information retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +plot comparison TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.11 0.12 +linguistic unit Linguistics 0.09 0.50 0.12 0.29 +pourpre TechTool 0.46 0.07 0.17 0.30 +alignment link projection TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +encyclopedic rules TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.15 0.06 +similarity-based alignment TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.30 +tagger combination TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +interfaces TechTool 0.63 0.13 0.11 0.12 +continuation-type cue Linguistics 0.19 0.53 0.28 0.00 +lexical representation TechTool 0.73 0.05 0.21 0.01 +domain-independent text analysis TechTool 0.88 0.07 0.04 0.00 +schemata compilation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +phrase-based translation framework TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.01 0.08 +input text other 0.00 0.37 0.62 0.00 +dialectal speech Linguistics 0.02 0.46 0.41 0.11 +cluster similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.93 +cg-style disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +slot-scoring rule TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +gaussian smoothing TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +word extraction procedure TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +discourse processing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +balanced tree DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.93 +basenp TechTool 0.47 0.23 0.18 0.12 +bayesian learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +linguistic context other 0.09 0.23 0.66 0.02 +biuniqueness TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +large-scale fact extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +data flow other 0.02 0.00 0.74 0.23 +queries-by-example TechTool 0.64 0.16 0.00 0.20 +itg space DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.09 0.84 +bpref evaluation measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.96 +inflectional language Linguistics 0.03 0.91 0.05 0.00 +expectation maximization TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +corpus-based language processing TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.02 +pp attachment TechTool 0.60 0.38 0.01 0.02 +infomap ontology TechTool 0.52 0.44 0.02 0.02 +information structure other 0.04 0.01 0.91 0.04 +bigram language model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +hill-climber TechTool 0.85 0.07 0.02 0.06 +syntactic distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.84 +natural language syntax other 0.42 0.15 0.42 0.01 +cepstral mapping TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.23 0.24 +phrase processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +unrestricted text parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ifs feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +transducer inference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +dp-based search algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +knowledge structures other 0.02 0.06 0.92 0.00 +sicstus prolog TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +tag derivation tree other 0.38 0.06 0.42 0.14 +linguistic terminology Linguistics 0.00 0.66 0.32 0.02 +english translation candidate Linguistics 0.21 0.54 0.22 0.03 +soft constraint relaxation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +two-stages model TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +basque wordnet Linguistics 0.02 0.98 0.00 0.00 +common facts database other 0.06 0.24 0.69 0.00 +dictionary access TechTool 0.53 0.40 0.00 0.06 +sds performance modeling DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.86 +hmm ie system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +question-reformulation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +word alignment computation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +unsupervised learn approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +derivation tree other 0.09 0.01 0.53 0.38 +matrix clause TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +multiclass classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +m-parser TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +static knowledge other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.00 +alignment TechTool 0.50 0.19 0.20 0.12 +single document summarization TechTool 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.00 +micro-averaging method TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.38 +hybrid kernel TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +machine-readable dictionary Linguistics 0.15 0.83 0.02 0.00 +pre-encoded knowledge other 0.05 0.01 0.93 0.01 +trigram-based statistical language modelling TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +summarization model TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +hybridization TechTool 0.55 0.08 0.29 0.08 +document image analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.01 +entity phrase translation Linguistics 0.34 0.44 0.03 0.20 +evaluation speech recognition TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +noun phrase chunking TechTool 0.50 0.49 0.00 0.01 +computational complexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.70 +toshiba english-japanese translation system TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.00 0.02 +interactive graphical analyzer tool TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automatic pattern acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +machine translation output other 0.09 0.00 0.86 0.05 +system portability TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.22 0.08 +lemmatization TechTool 0.44 0.21 0.27 0.09 +step-wise feature selection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +neumann architecture TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.00 +sentence organization DSMMM 0.05 0.02 0.11 0.81 +lexical paraphrasing knowledge other 0.19 0.02 0.78 0.00 +opinion expression extraction TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.03 0.04 +logical evaluation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.01 0.27 +generative parameter estimation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.02 0.12 +lexical distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +per TechTool 0.39 0.12 0.12 0.37 +ellipsis other 0.27 0.11 0.54 0.08 +computational search TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.12 +mutualinformation-based clustering TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.00 0.11 +discourse entities other 0.00 0.40 0.59 0.00 +online learning TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +interactive knowledge other 0.41 0.00 0.59 0.00 +knowledge transfer TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +similarity metric DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.96 +probabilistic learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +neural networks TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +computer scoring TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.01 0.24 +mp3 corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +well-formed feature structure TechTool 0.62 0.03 0.26 0.09 +stochastic speech recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +l-bfgs optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +pronominalisation TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +message routing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.07 +groupaverage clustering TechTool 0.51 0.20 0.14 0.15 +maxent-tagged corpus Linguistics 0.04 0.96 0.00 0.00 +context-sensitive grammar TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.04 +informant presentation other 0.36 0.00 0.61 0.03 +syntactic agreement DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.17 0.76 +semantic similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.96 +linguistic development platform TechTool 0.80 0.16 0.03 0.01 +category pruning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +syllable counting TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.20 0.22 +outlier detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +deterministic sentence reduction TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.03 0.28 +syntax annotation scheme TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.00 +chunk parsing approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +learning method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +instructional text other 0.01 0.43 0.55 0.00 +controlled indexing vocabulary TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.04 0.10 +language search TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.13 +lexical association TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.01 +stochastic estimation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +style model DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.88 +pst learning algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +predictive parsing technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +tile testing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +automatic feature engineering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +modern information science other 0.04 0.31 0.64 0.01 +frequency counting DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +automatic text categorization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +text readability other 0.01 0.04 0.58 0.37 +threshold voting DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.77 +sentence-aligned corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.85 0.00 0.12 +language l other 0.09 0.06 0.79 0.06 +token identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +attribute elimination TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.02 +binary classi cation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +feature tagging TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +permissible hyphen point other 0.00 0.03 0.65 0.32 +hierarchical representation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.02 0.12 +electronic dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.01 0.00 +zero pronoun Linguistics 0.32 0.67 0.01 0.00 +induction model TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +molecular biology entity Linguistics 0.01 0.53 0.41 0.05 +recursive descent parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +query other 0.20 0.34 0.39 0.06 +Japanese text Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.09 0.00 +frequency counts DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +document editing TechTool 0.84 0.04 0.11 0.01 +sentence alignment method TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +quality assurance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +maximum entropy DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.79 +lexical transfer TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +constant multiplier DSMMM 0.21 0.01 0.02 0.77 +statistical sequence modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +constraint network TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +packet assembler-disassembler TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.01 0.02 +lexical analyzer TechTool 0.74 0.21 0.04 0.00 +weak learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +trec corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.86 0.10 0.04 +CFG filter TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.02 0.15 +time assignment TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.25 0.26 +communicative expressivity other 0.41 0.01 0.57 0.02 +scope generation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +complementary evaluation TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.02 0.12 +conversational sequencing other 0.38 0.00 0.62 0.01 +lexical relation other 0.02 0.04 0.94 0.00 +compound noun interpretation Linguistics 0.15 0.82 0.00 0.02 +dictionary entries Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.03 0.01 +chinese-english newswire text Linguistics 0.02 0.95 0.03 0.00 +storage allocation ~ TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +class-based language modeling TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +lexicase TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +first order formulae TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.31 0.01 +meaning structure Linguistics 0.07 0.78 0.06 0.08 +concept conversion TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +structural correspondence other 0.38 0.00 0.61 0.01 +recognition improvement TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.19 0.28 +dependency relation model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.97 +verb forms Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.00 +open discovery TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +classification process TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +utterance planning TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +spectral normalization TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +object tracking TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.20 0.12 +cohesiveness evaluation TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.03 0.42 +do-it-yourself construction TechTool 0.85 0.07 0.05 0.03 +multimodal information other 0.17 0.00 0.83 0.00 +automatic error-correction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +search index TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +word co-occurrence mining TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.07 0.06 +senonic modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +patent map generation TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.07 0.05 +relationship assignment other 0.39 0.00 0.59 0.02 +SMT TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.10 0.10 +hierarchical taxonomy Linguistics 0.04 0.60 0.06 0.30 +names Linguistics 0.12 0.49 0.27 0.11 +speaker-independent recognition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +secondorder optimization TechTool 0.71 0.06 0.19 0.04 +mobile robot navigation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +automatic sentence disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word alignment evaluation TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.00 0.19 +belief ascription and inference TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.01 +binary blog classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +euclidean distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.94 +network knowledge representation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.11 0.27 +glencova pronoun resolution TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +contextual constraint TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.03 +inheritance clause TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +island TechTool 0.48 0.14 0.30 0.09 +kappa value DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +intelligence system TechTool 0.85 0.15 0.00 0.00 +speech recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +ltc weighting TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +knowledge communication other 0.08 0.00 0.92 0.00 +o\/information extraction TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +computer assisted translation TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.05 0.00 +translation component other 0.22 0.01 0.76 0.01 +n-gram coverage score DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.93 +order-sensitive string comparison TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +stochastic grammar TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.01 +document selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +log-spectral representation TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.01 0.40 +acoustic model adaptation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +association-based word-aligment TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +english sentiment lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +associative similarity DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.95 +selection statement generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +orthographically-based computer TechTool 0.84 0.04 0.03 0.10 +f-structure DSMMM 0.11 0.32 0.01 0.56 +complete search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +translation ambiguity other 0.10 0.00 0.88 0.03 +mention detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +single-best case TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.08 0.02 +atns TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +protein tagger TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.06 0.00 +computational problem other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +translation hypothesis other 0.08 0.05 0.70 0.17 +cooperative system dialogue TechTool 0.60 0.09 0.31 0.00 +multi-lingual information processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +incremental sampling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +one-vs-rest classification TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +window method TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.05 +film summary creation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.02 +chart parsing algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +local encoding TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.06 0.14 +lm DSMMM 0.25 0.09 0.09 0.57 +type raising TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.01 +database entity other 0.09 0.13 0.48 0.30 +syntax-based constraint TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.25 0.02 +disambiguation precision DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +interactive cross-language ir TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +document sulnmarization TechTool 0.66 0.20 0.08 0.06 +bidirectional alignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +latent class DSMMM 0.05 0.09 0.19 0.68 +monte-carlo method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +lambda-structures TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.01 0.13 +lexieal access TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.03 0.08 +clause-integrated analysis TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +unsupervised learning algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word level DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.33 0.66 +leaveone-out cross-validation TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.00 0.02 +clause grammar formalism TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +empty category Linguistics 0.17 0.75 0.07 0.01 +example retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +recognition system \ TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +sbtg algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +english propbank data Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.16 0.00 +stuttgart newspaper corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +metonymy Linguistics 0.16 0.51 0.27 0.06 +word transliteration Linguistics 0.26 0.50 0.05 0.19 +scenario templates TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.09 0.04 +iterative search algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +likelihood other 0.12 0.19 0.44 0.25 +pronoun-resolution module TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexical decay TechTool 0.58 0.07 0.35 0.01 +learning algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +term subsumption DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.04 0.84 +conversion method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +main-verb detection TechTool 0.79 0.21 0.00 0.00 +personal name disambiguation TechTool 0.74 0.24 0.01 0.00 +source-to-target translation dictionary Linguistics 0.33 0.66 0.01 0.00 +chinese-english translation TechTool 0.51 0.46 0.01 0.02 +noun phrase classifier TechTool 0.50 0.49 0.00 0.02 +reference time marker TechTool 0.49 0.04 0.42 0.06 +bottom-up left-to-right traversal strategy TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.04 +thesaurus construction and maintenance TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.02 +content-based evaluation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.02 0.17 +scientific writing other 0.39 0.04 0.57 0.00 +dynamic programming search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +large-margin training TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +common noun modifier Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.01 0.03 +ceptual graph formalism TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.44 +tree alignment model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.81 +namedentity extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +automatic feature extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +resource management task TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +competency evaluation TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.02 0.31 +dictionary expansion TechTool 0.84 0.11 0.00 0.06 +hindi lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +class-based dependency model DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.90 +soft feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +n-gram tagging TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.03 0.18 +category transition other 0.18 0.00 0.68 0.14 +biomedical text processing TechTool 0.81 0.07 0.12 0.00 +fixed alignment decoding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +determiner choice TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +functional neurophysiology TechTool 0.76 0.10 0.07 0.06 +programming process other 0.31 0.00 0.69 0.00 +bayesian network structure search TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +partialpwwing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +transcript Linguistics 0.26 0.40 0.23 0.11 +fuzzy information retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.04 +forward-pass search TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +knowledge representation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.01 +asp system TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.01 0.00 +metagrammatical parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +a statistical part-of-speech TechTool 0.72 0.27 0.01 0.00 +pp constituent Linguistics 0.03 0.87 0.09 0.01 +neighbor classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +Arabic ' rich morphology Linguistics 0.06 0.87 0.08 0.00 +stratificational translation TechTool 0.75 0.19 0.04 0.01 +ambiguity other 0.12 0.19 0.66 0.03 +content selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +machine lranslation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.06 +news article alignment Linguistics 0.24 0.75 0.01 0.00 +subsectional anaphora Linguistics 0.12 0.59 0.23 0.06 +statistical Mt system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +mistake-driven learning algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +earley parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +inter-text entity coreference TechTool 0.66 0.10 0.19 0.04 +metalanguage Linguistics 0.28 0.39 0.27 0.06 +meaning processing TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +gaussian mixture TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.22 +machine dictionary Linguistics 0.08 0.90 0.00 0.01 +fsa-based system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +dpsg TechTool 0.44 0.21 0.27 0.09 +log-likelihood measure DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.96 +spatial concept Linguistics 0.27 0.45 0.19 0.10 +target language Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.03 0.01 +phrase finding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +training data set Linguistics 0.00 0.58 0.29 0.13 +character and word error rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.94 +syntactic description TechTool 0.36 0.32 0.27 0.05 +text-categorization TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +name search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +previous-best-hypothesis rejection TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.27 0.01 +common noun phrase Linguistics 0.09 0.90 0.00 0.01 +cosine distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +multi-resolution detection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +ontology forge annotation tool TechTool 0.85 0.06 0.09 0.00 +inference rules TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +why2 tutorial dialogue system TechTool 0.78 0.04 0.17 0.01 +wordnet sense Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.03 0.00 +morphologic TechTool 0.45 0.28 0.14 0.13 +inter-event relevance DSMMM 0.39 0.07 0.06 0.49 +dialogue act classification TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.00 +jelinek-mercer smoothing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +spatial knowledge other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.00 +message extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +parsing-based word clustering TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.21 +predefined hierarchy DSMMM 0.16 0.23 0.18 0.43 +sentence simplification TechTool 0.60 0.03 0.04 0.34 +finite-state cascade TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.20 0.00 +noun countability Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.00 0.04 +morphological analyzers TechTool 0.55 0.13 0.32 0.00 +maximum spanning tree DSMMM 0.19 0.05 0.00 0.76 +translation system TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.01 +logical relationship other 0.17 0.00 0.71 0.13 +discourse element Linguistics 0.02 0.56 0.42 0.00 +stochastic parse selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +clusters Linguistics 0.17 0.31 0.24 0.28 +coreference predictor TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +english news text Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.11 0.00 +lexical induction TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +datum object Linguistics 0.00 0.47 0.24 0.29 +medical information retrieval TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.01 +type identity other 0.12 0.00 0.85 0.03 +morphological analyzer1 TechTool 0.45 0.28 0.14 0.13 +unsupervised lexicon building TechTool 0.91 0.09 0.00 0.00 +topic identification algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +programming algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +adjectival modification TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.05 0.01 +number\/person information other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.01 +lexicon evaluation Linguistics 0.06 0.74 0.00 0.19 +lexieal knowledge other 0.05 0.06 0.89 0.00 +left-corner prediction TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.11 0.14 +template-based gesture recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +hybrid feature identification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +ensemble selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +binary answer other 0.27 0.13 0.43 0.17 +grammar induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +world-alignment TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.04 0.04 +translation setting TechTool 0.44 0.00 0.31 0.26 +phrase-based decoding TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +on-line education TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.11 0.08 +english-japanese Mt system TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +bit coding TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.14 0.03 +off-the-shelf syntactic parser TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +formal speech Linguistics 0.01 0.58 0.35 0.07 +backing-off smoothing TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +stochastic finite-state transducer TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +graph structured stack other 0.07 0.00 0.62 0.31 +trainable translation TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.02 0.00 +discourse level representation DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.41 0.52 +tone Linguistics 0.09 0.47 0.31 0.13 +tile control structure TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.12 0.08 +conceptual classification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +objective system evaluation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.18 0.07 +parser implementation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialogue move graph DSMMM 0.06 0.02 0.15 0.78 +multiple concept learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +treebank standard Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.01 0.03 +f measure DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.96 +graph search TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +domain-specific knowledge engineering TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.00 +example-based translation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +asr accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +nominal compound analysis Linguistics 0.39 0.60 0.01 0.00 +keyword-based search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +vector analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +logical formulae TechTool 0.69 0.09 0.10 0.12 +sense reasoning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +prepositional phrase modifier Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +machine transliteration and back-transliteration TechTool 0.61 0.03 0.19 0.17 +lbr left-corner parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.02 +logical formulas TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.06 0.26 +frequency profiling DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.95 +wide coverage English grammar Linguistics 0.07 0.83 0.01 0.09 +parallelization TechTool 0.63 0.12 0.13 0.13 +korean noun extraction TechTool 0.51 0.48 0.00 0.00 +fragment detection task TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +conversational text other 0.01 0.15 0.84 0.00 +ocr software TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +parsing process other 0.25 0.00 0.74 0.01 +token segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +arabic word analysis TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.04 0.01 +lexicon enhancement method TechTool 0.75 0.19 0.01 0.06 +logical-form language TechTool 0.77 0.19 0.01 0.03 +multiple word\/phrase choice TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.01 +noun phrase termination Linguistics 0.37 0.52 0.00 0.11 +greedb search TechTool 0.39 0.10 0.37 0.14 +information selection TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +predictor other 0.29 0.19 0.45 0.06 +clausal interpretation selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +speaker segmentation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +summary fusion TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.04 0.17 +language identification research TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +uncertain domain knowledge other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.00 +word sense acquisition TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +garbage collection Linguistics 0.11 0.70 0.16 0.03 +manual annotation TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.10 0.00 +real-time continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +black-box testing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +pronoun resolution system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +frequency-based weighting DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.64 +toplc\/comment sequencing other 0.08 0.40 0.47 0.05 +rhetorical status classifier TechTool 0.57 0.39 0.02 0.02 +street name recognition TechTool 0.77 0.21 0.00 0.02 +lat corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.03 +noun phrases Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +n-gram vector DSMMM 0.35 0.03 0.01 0.62 +protein-protein interaction TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.49 0.00 +korean morphological analysis TechTool 0.85 0.09 0.05 0.00 +language understanding and modeling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.04 +template filling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +coarse-grained frameset-tagging TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.02 0.01 +syntactical parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +english lexicalization other 0.24 0.24 0.51 0.01 +bayesian grammar TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.00 0.05 +prepositional phrase attachment Linguistics 0.21 0.78 0.00 0.01 +hpsg TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +~ calculus theorem TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.24 0.00 +semantic interpretation rules TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.16 0.10 +learning rate DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.07 0.74 +x-bar schemata TechTool 0.52 0.28 0.00 0.20 +pitch accent classification TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.01 0.31 +class disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +nonterminals TechTool 0.61 0.08 0.13 0.17 +word aligner TechTool 0.69 0.24 0.01 0.06 +cooperative communication other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +action planning TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +biotechnology TechTool 0.35 0.22 0.23 0.20 +declaration reasoning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +ie knowledge discovery TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +sequent calculus TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.09 0.00 +weakly supervised machine learning TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +cfl parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +2-stage pseudo-relevance feedback other 0.31 0.00 0.64 0.05 +finite transducer TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +tfidf-based ir TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +domain modeling component other 0.44 0.00 0.55 0.01 +noun extraction TechTool 0.67 0.32 0.00 0.01 +lexical chain extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +language acquisition problem other 0.43 0.00 0.57 0.00 +head-driven phrase-structure grammar TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.01 0.06 +complex reasoning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +english text processing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +collocation analysis TechTool 0.81 0.10 0.00 0.08 +linguistic analysis TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.05 0.01 +hmm recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +translation model DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.92 +multi-pass recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +template-based generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +evaluation procedure TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.01 0.23 +post-processing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +speak language corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.80 0.03 0.17 +enumeration algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +adult language processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +dynamic constraint TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +lexical method TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.03 0.00 +model reestimation TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +breathiness TechTool 0.56 0.22 0.11 0.12 +phonological change other 0.02 0.00 0.76 0.22 +bigram tagging TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +path TechTool 0.35 0.08 0.24 0.33 +extra-linguistic knowledge TechTool 0.67 0.08 0.25 0.00 +factoid question other 0.10 0.01 0.88 0.01 +automatic ranking TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +natural language search engine TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +subject analysis other 0.21 0.18 0.61 0.00 +polarity specification TechTool 0.57 0.07 0.30 0.06 +dtw classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +corpus level evaluation DSMMM 0.01 0.14 0.04 0.81 +lexical extraction TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.01 0.00 +decision list algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +gold-standard sub-corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.01 0.03 +authorship obfuscation TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.32 0.03 +greedy feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +decision-tree method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +negotiation phase other 0.03 0.00 0.96 0.00 +scfg estimation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +rhetorical information other 0.00 0.08 0.91 0.01 +opinion recognition and extraction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +incremental model selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +key words Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +grammar case DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.19 0.61 +word-aligned corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +document re-ranking TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.08 0.04 +protein name tagging TechTool 0.61 0.35 0.03 0.01 +decision-tree learner TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +ungrammatical phrase Linguistics 0.16 0.79 0.02 0.02 +sequence tagging TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.00 +metaphor interpretation TechTool 0.76 0.08 0.13 0.03 +encyclopedia generation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +multi engine machine translation system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +eindhoven corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +ontology evaluation TechTool 0.62 0.07 0.01 0.31 +mesh TechTool 0.44 0.06 0.13 0.37 +structure extractor TechTool 0.75 0.16 0.00 0.09 +approximate inference TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +score fusion DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.67 +arithmetic mean DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.71 +paragraph selection technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +action capturing TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.42 0.02 +query specification TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.09 0.17 +bootstrap TechTool 0.51 0.20 0.19 0.11 +content projection DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.32 0.59 +article routing TechTool 0.69 0.25 0.01 0.05 +type-based navigation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +stochastic role assignment TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +pseudo-disambiguation task TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +decimal classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +help-desk support other 0.46 0.00 0.52 0.02 +relational grammar TechTool 0.70 0.06 0.00 0.24 +l-bfgs parameter estimation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +paraphrase knowledge extraction TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +document model DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.95 +symbolic computation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.09 +penn treebank tag Linguistics 0.06 0.78 0.16 0.00 +dictionary search method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +map generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +evaluation scheme TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +categorial grammars TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +content-selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +pronoun resolut\/on TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +hierarchy generation tool TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +local word reordering TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.01 0.13 +discourse module TechTool 0.67 0.02 0.30 0.00 +report generation TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.45 0.03 +transducer determinization and minimization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.03 +japanese discourse Linguistics 0.01 0.88 0.11 0.00 +noise insulation other 0.09 0.00 0.58 0.33 +constituent pruning\/grammar specialization TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +unlabeled dependency DSMMM 0.07 0.41 0.09 0.43 +pagerankw TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +knowledke representation DSMMM 0.14 0.17 0.30 0.39 +recognition application TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +semantic representation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.03 0.22 +probabilistic translation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.02 +partial verb phrase fronting Linguistics 0.29 0.50 0.03 0.18 +partial-match retrieval TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.23 +chunk tag TechTool 0.78 0.16 0.05 0.01 +text chunk other 0.33 0.24 0.42 0.02 +maximum entropy principle DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.57 +semantic chunk analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.02 +tree-based model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.94 +coding TechTool 0.57 0.06 0.29 0.08 +pause segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +method combination TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +np government Linguistics 0.01 0.73 0.26 0.01 +partial-parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +naive bayes classification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +implicit spelling error other 0.42 0.00 0.55 0.03 +imperative case other 0.29 0.00 0.60 0.11 +finite-state transducer TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.00 +automatic plot analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.04 +knowledge elicitation other 0.42 0.02 0.57 0.00 +conceptual graphs \ DSMMM 0.47 0.04 0.00 0.49 +text mining TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +src nonlinear minimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +lsa-based summarization TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.06 +reverse indexing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +tree-insertion grammar TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.00 0.12 +aac-nlg system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +gap threading TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.04 +disequa corpus Linguistics 0.04 0.75 0.10 0.11 +programming interfaces TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +lt-xml TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +graphical encoding TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +japanese-english machine translation TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.01 0.01 +specialized terminology Linguistics 0.16 0.68 0.16 0.00 +quantified term DSMMM 0.01 0.40 0.01 0.58 +acronym attachment TechTool 0.88 0.05 0.01 0.06 +grammar execution TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +speech production TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.01 +focus tracking other 0.04 0.00 0.93 0.03 +focus maintenance heuristic TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.17 0.38 +cluster matching TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +computer-mediated communication TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.00 +deep language processing TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.06 0.03 +non-destructive transfer TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.08 0.05 +academic writing other 0.47 0.01 0.52 0.00 +verb similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.14 0.01 0.84 +linguistic engineering TechTool 0.71 0.27 0.02 0.00 +morphological process other 0.01 0.00 0.98 0.00 +automatic tagging TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +game theoretic Linguistics 0.35 0.53 0.01 0.11 +context-free chart parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +message generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +commonsense entailment TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.07 0.23 +mandarin tts TechTool 0.64 0.03 0.32 0.01 +english language generator TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.01 0.02 +pattern-recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +mwe extraction TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.03 +scanned-document content retrieval \ TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +computer usage TechTool 0.46 0.24 0.21 0.10 +gre algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +named entity dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +direct translation TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.33 0.00 +tile inference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +ambiguous wordform other 0.30 0.03 0.67 0.00 +dependency grammar induction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +claws tagger TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +posteriori probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +corpora extractor Linguistics 0.30 0.67 0.00 0.03 +mono-directional decoding TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +parameter reduction TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.22 0.09 +chinese-japanese word alignment Linguistics 0.34 0.59 0.00 0.07 +automatic recovery TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +reverse index TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.05 0.37 +iloxf unification TechTool 0.67 0.08 0.20 0.05 +quantitative reasoning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +automata minimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +continuous density hidden Markov models ( CDHMM ) DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.71 +compound query Linguistics 0.13 0.76 0.01 0.10 +multilingual processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +string similarity matching TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +semantic network representation DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.01 0.56 +vocabulary test Linguistics 0.00 0.61 0.01 0.38 +compound retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +multi-document smnmarization TechTool 0.87 0.11 0.01 0.00 +set-theoretical function Linguistics 0.22 0.54 0.21 0.02 +maximization algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +descriptive representation TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.02 0.23 +feature-based phoneme specification TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.06 0.08 +named entity tagger TechTool 0.83 0.14 0.02 0.00 +grammar extraction and training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +statistical test Linguistics 0.26 0.64 0.00 0.10 +image clustering TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +cation-based grammar parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +language interfaces TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.16 0.02 +visualization TechTool 0.43 0.17 0.21 0.20 +two-step transfer TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +multi-layer segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +feature structure subsumption TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.06 0.10 +sense annotation TechTool 0.84 0.08 0.09 0.00 +message passing protocols TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +information agent other 0.44 0.00 0.55 0.00 +lexicon smoothing TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.00 0.07 +biology corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +system building TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +chunk-based statistical machine translation model DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.01 0.60 +language-independent named entity recognition TechTool 0.81 0.13 0.05 0.01 +english-hindi word alignment Linguistics 0.46 0.52 0.00 0.01 +free-style sentence TechTool 0.79 0.05 0.15 0.01 +leftmost derivation other 0.33 0.06 0.61 0.00 +hpsg parse selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +np extractor TechTool 0.47 0.41 0.00 0.12 +semantic transfer TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.10 +structured language model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.08 0.84 +sound-to-letter generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +syntactic\/semantic information other 0.05 0.05 0.89 0.01 +weighted voting TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +htrge corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.00 0.04 +dialogue structure coding TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.16 0.02 +chinese syntactic parsing TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.00 0.02 +phrasal term identification TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.00 0.17 +natural-language information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +system training and testing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +lvc identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +tutoring dialogue system TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.06 0.00 +distortion probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +lexical ontologist other 0.39 0.06 0.46 0.10 +kanji input Linguistics 0.08 0.46 0.45 0.00 +direction-selective chart TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars TechTool 0.72 0.26 0.01 0.01 +public opinion monitoring other 0.20 0.10 0.69 0.01 +language processing paradigm TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.09 0.01 +recursion DSMMM 0.30 0.23 0.15 0.32 +active learning paradigm other 0.41 0.00 0.59 0.00 +ranking order other 0.13 0.00 0.56 0.31 +sense disambiguation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +resource sharing and development other 0.37 0.00 0.61 0.02 +garbage collector Linguistics 0.35 0.43 0.20 0.03 +urdu text-to-speech Linguistics 0.43 0.55 0.02 0.01 +contextual reference other 0.41 0.04 0.53 0.01 +context-free phrase structure TechTool 0.85 0.05 0.04 0.05 +pairs of words Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.06 +search engine indexing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +anaphorie analysis TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.13 0.01 +rule matching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +dependency formalism TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.01 0.23 +lexical processing TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +tropical semiring TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.01 0.13 +summarizer-by-extraction TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.00 0.02 +natural language indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +machine-aided translation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +geo-spatial resolution TechTool 0.86 0.08 0.05 0.01 +ngram language model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +broadcast news data Linguistics 0.00 0.78 0.22 0.00 +modem hebrew Linguistics 0.10 0.88 0.02 0.00 +reinforcement learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +spontaneous speech input other 0.01 0.22 0.77 0.00 +tree-based learning examination TechTool 0.35 0.00 0.31 0.34 +vocal tract model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +f-measure DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.95 +tile reasoning TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +accuracy-based evaluation DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.87 +statistical disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +fragmentary parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +statistical disambiguatiou TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.02 +graphical user interface TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +knowledge representation and inference TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 +deduction proof TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +textual annotation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.00 +case-based learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +push-down automata TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.06 0.12 +word similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +rich query language TechTool 0.52 0.44 0.03 0.01 +beam pruning TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +extractive method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pattern similarity DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.93 +cf phrase structure TechTool 0.48 0.47 0.04 0.02 +ontological annotation TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.03 0.02 +distributional impact DSMMM 0.00 0.21 0.10 0.69 +competitive activation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +ckip dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.00 +discourse representation structure TechTool 0.71 0.10 0.09 0.09 +stochastic language model DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.66 +coastal zone management TechTool 0.83 0.15 0.01 0.00 +paragraph generator TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.02 0.04 +co-reference relation other 0.07 0.01 0.91 0.01 +translation method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +word string Linguistics 0.06 0.73 0.05 0.17 +annotate scheme TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.03 0.00 +turkish corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +run-time DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.23 0.74 +normal form derivation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.01 +quotation structure other 0.32 0.24 0.42 0.02 +case theory other 0.09 0.05 0.79 0.07 +named-entity recognition TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +factual question other 0.14 0.02 0.83 0.01 +language generation task TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +induction framework TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dictionary querying Linguistics 0.49 0.49 0.00 0.01 +hypothesis-driven node projection TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.07 0.45 +cyk-style chart parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +query frame TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.01 0.07 +interactive dialogue translation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +rule-based error correction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +latent semaaltic analysis TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.04 0.05 +interlanguage theory other 0.05 0.39 0.55 0.01 +categorical grammar TechTool 0.51 0.10 0.01 0.39 +likelihood approach TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +constituency parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +parallel annotation TechTool 0.73 0.25 0.02 0.00 +line break insertion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +text understanding TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.00 +summative assessment TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.30 0.21 +hybrid indexing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sentence planner TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +orthogonal matrix TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.14 0.05 +online learning algorithm TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +intonation theory other 0.05 0.46 0.47 0.02 +multimodal integration TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +imperfective verb Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.03 0.00 +relational evaluation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +document information other 0.01 0.02 0.97 0.00 +eca tagger TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +document processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +modern greek elimination principle TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.14 0.06 +constraint-based grammar TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.00 0.16 +adverbial meaning Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.01 0.00 +fuzzy inference TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +european language identification TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.12 0.00 +chinese language processing TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.03 +german word lemma Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.06 0.03 +system-to-operator communication TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +timit database TechTool 0.59 0.19 0.21 0.01 +pas method TechTool 0.88 0.12 0.00 0.00 +information integration other 0.41 0.00 0.59 0.00 +lambek parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +prior probability DSMMM 0.00 0.08 0.07 0.85 +generalized case frame TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.06 +information retrieval and classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +human-aided machine annotation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.00 +feature weight DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.87 +greedy clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +abductive reasoning \ TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +case-based reasoning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +testing lhe role TechTool 0.67 0.04 0.29 0.00 +korean parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syntactic properties Linguistics 0.00 0.50 0.47 0.03 +selectional preference acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +projection algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +electric engineering TechTool 0.90 0.09 0.02 0.00 +pattern co-occurrence TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.28 0.14 +dialogue analysis model DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.01 0.64 +dictionary-building TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.00 0.02 +plan recognition inference TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +bottom-up clustering TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +monolingual collocation Linguistics 0.08 0.73 0.00 0.19 +tp constituent Linguistics 0.15 0.71 0.09 0.04 +unsupervised component TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +ihe generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +text classifier TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +oov word detection TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.12 +production environment TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +personal information storage other 0.33 0.00 0.66 0.00 +vocabulary independent phone recognition TechTool 0.56 0.28 0.08 0.07 +event spotting TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.05 0.01 +planning process other 0.47 0.00 0.53 0.00 +multilingual lexicons Linguistics 0.23 0.76 0.00 0.00 +query classification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +plan recognition problem other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +wordnet domains hierarchy Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.08 +document classification TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +lattice node DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.92 +resource integration TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +domain concept tree DSMMM 0.06 0.15 0.08 0.71 +dependency treebank Linguistics 0.04 0.83 0.01 0.12 +nlg syntactic\/lexical realisation component other 0.27 0.05 0.68 0.00 +markov branching processes TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.18 0.06 +n-gram construction TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.11 0.32 +tdt corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +pruning task TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.01 +forwardbackward search TechTool 0.39 0.10 0.37 0.14 +personalized search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +left-corner information other 0.04 0.00 0.94 0.02 +self-organising adaptation TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.18 0.00 +mutual correspondence condition DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.23 0.53 +relational structure TechTool 0.49 0.10 0.02 0.40 +markov independence TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.19 +labeled dependency parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +incremental interpretation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +maximal joint likelihood estimate DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.92 +type unification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +buchart parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +referential expression DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.81 +geometric interpolation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.30 +part-wise parallelism other 0.11 0.00 0.88 0.01 +propbank style annotation TechTool 0.61 0.03 0.35 0.00 +parse-tree syntactic distance DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.89 +boundary marker TechTool 0.58 0.40 0.02 0.00 +sub-structure mining TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.18 0.00 +reverse engineering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +recall degradation DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.98 +phrase polarity Linguistics 0.19 0.61 0.00 0.19 +muc-ii corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.78 0.18 0.03 +learning approaches TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +noun-noun compound Linguistics 0.06 0.90 0.00 0.04 +conditional word Linguistics 0.11 0.63 0.01 0.26 +web content other 0.00 0.39 0.47 0.13 +phrase-for-phrase table DSMMM 0.03 0.45 0.01 0.51 +dependency trees DSMMM 0.00 0.35 0.01 0.63 +model order identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +order acquisition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +direct production TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +decode algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +probabilistic language modeling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +information brokering and distribution other 0.01 0.00 0.67 0.33 +hand tuning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +main verb group identification TechTool 0.66 0.29 0.05 0.00 +ir system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word grouping TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.22 0.06 +preference selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +mgti technique TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +isolated-word recognition TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.01 +shallow discourse structure Linguistics 0.27 0.47 0.14 0.12 +information entropy DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.13 0.84 +partial parse tree DSMMM 0.15 0.01 0.07 0.78 +ner annotation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +string handling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +term coupling DSMMM 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.82 +segment-based hmm ie TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +word co-occurrence TechTool 0.35 0.08 0.32 0.25 +grammar development TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +fact extraction approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +software agent TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.00 +phrase translation accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.95 +supervised sense disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +corpus segmentation Linguistics 0.49 0.51 0.00 0.00 +transfer-based machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +top-down parser TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +som training TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.01 +candidate extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +collection-driven concept-relation technology TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +partial match criterion TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.04 0.40 +pp modifier Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.01 0.03 +speech recognition systems TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +answerhood TechTool 0.56 0.08 0.20 0.17 +evaluation tools TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +dynamic string alignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lexicalization other 0.24 0.16 0.54 0.06 +homophone error other 0.25 0.00 0.55 0.20 +natural language q&a TechTool 0.64 0.34 0.01 0.02 +recursive-seareh TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +summarization technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +taum-aviation TechTool 0.46 0.38 0.16 0.01 +semantic net TechTool 0.67 0.06 0.16 0.11 +pattern recognition technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +treebank annotation Linguistics 0.43 0.52 0.05 0.00 +language parsing task other 0.37 0.00 0.60 0.03 +discourse-related information other 0.02 0.06 0.91 0.00 +supervised learning approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +kpml TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +annotation set other 0.16 0.06 0.76 0.03 +spectral equalization TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.03 0.24 +event term Linguistics 0.01 0.48 0.04 0.48 +constraint generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +machine-aided translation system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.01 +theory other 0.17 0.23 0.45 0.15 +variable-length coding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +bayesian propagation scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +diacritizer TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +bool_comb value feature DSMMM 0.35 0.01 0.00 0.65 +iterative parsing algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +generative grarrmaar Linguistics 0.34 0.39 0.12 0.15 +dialog act other 0.21 0.04 0.74 0.00 +feature-based parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +transitive verb Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.05 0.00 +unification matching TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +topic-probability DSMMM 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.85 +subject classification TechTool 0.42 0.25 0.33 0.00 +authorship detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +fitted parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +automatic webgenre tagging TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +c model re-estimation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +itspoke TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +three-tiered processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +government-binding theory Linguistics 0.30 0.51 0.19 0.00 +interlanguage modification TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.27 0.01 +active conformity other 0.21 0.01 0.76 0.01 +psycholinguistic modelling TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.01 +grammar derivation TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.35 0.01 +hub TechTool 0.47 0.13 0.12 0.28 +document-level sentiment Linguistics 0.08 0.51 0.25 0.17 +context-free rewriting systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +weighted finite-state transducer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +nonzero posterior probability DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.96 +querytranslation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +lexical discourse Linguistics 0.01 0.55 0.44 0.00 +coreference chains TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.10 0.04 +automated information retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +fast reading TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.01 +tmification algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +feature matrix TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +segmentation \ TechTool 0.82 0.18 0.00 0.00 +decision-tree growing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +graph toolkit TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +information extractionsystem TechTool 0.63 0.08 0.18 0.12 +test corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.06 +head-context TechTool 0.61 0.10 0.28 0.01 +u-st parsing TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.13 0.00 +transcription TechTool 0.42 0.36 0.13 0.09 +context model estimation TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +csj corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.03 +metagrammar TechTool 0.57 0.14 0.14 0.15 +automatic term discovery TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +score sampling DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +presumption checking TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.02 0.28 +spoken language generation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +run-time adaptation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +standard linguistic discourse processing TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +naturallanguageprocessing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +flexional morphology Linguistics 0.02 0.82 0.13 0.03 +boundary-based error rate DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.01 0.81 +prosodic phrase TechTool 0.59 0.30 0.00 0.11 +statistical models DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.52 +frequency method DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +recipe Linguistics 0.21 0.39 0.33 0.07 +conversational cue Linguistics 0.02 0.77 0.21 0.00 +input normalization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +shallow parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +grammaticallity TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +cooperative response other 0.29 0.00 0.70 0.01 +voice dialog systems TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +computer-assisted item generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +phonological dictionary Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.03 0.01 +bilingual dictionaries Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.02 +background speech other 0.00 0.39 0.59 0.01 +rwcp text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.01 +file parsing process TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.46 0.03 +classiflcation TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.10 0.13 +ppattachment TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +authorship identification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +complex-termform recognition algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +re-estimation procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +computer-human interaction TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +two-stage parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +untagged corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +pre-pausal lengthening TechTool 0.42 0.08 0.37 0.13 +animation generator TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +google api TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +world-wide web Linguistics 0.20 0.74 0.04 0.02 +tiger corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +probabilistic information other 0.10 0.00 0.89 0.01 +concatenative morphology Linguistics 0.11 0.80 0.08 0.00 +bounded local optimization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +spelling reform TechTool 0.62 0.01 0.37 0.00 +randomize sentence-plan-generator ( spg ) TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +maximum matching TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +lexical conceptual structures other 0.04 0.29 0.63 0.04 +bibliographic corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.02 +verbal projection other 0.05 0.35 0.43 0.17 +grammatical relation information other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +lexical knowledge other 0.01 0.16 0.83 0.00 +waveform generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +question answering session other 0.21 0.03 0.76 0.00 +lr table construction other 0.04 0.00 0.69 0.27 +concurrent processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +wh-construal construction TechTool 0.76 0.08 0.15 0.01 +speaker-independent resource management TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.03 0.00 +domain model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.96 +prolog development TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +morphological decomposition TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +udm strategy TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.01 +preference acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word sense disambiguation performance DSMMM 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.89 +statistical word alignment TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.00 0.03 +non-unification computation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.04 +sampling TechTool 0.65 0.07 0.18 0.10 +gisting TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.11 0.08 +form-oriented description TechTool 0.62 0.05 0.31 0.01 +IE paradigm TechTool 0.58 0.03 0.39 0.00 +lexical paraphrasing TechTool 0.63 0.29 0.08 0.00 +word frequency model DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +fast parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +non-deterministic parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.02 +data development other 0.23 0.01 0.70 0.06 +speaker-adaptation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +parameter grounding other 0.44 0.00 0.53 0.03 +cross-system evaluation TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.05 0.04 +grammatical formalism sug TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +wsd algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +segmented corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.06 0.00 +classification quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +n-type approximation other 0.31 0.01 0.54 0.14 +query creation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +part-whole relation other 0.02 0.06 0.92 0.01 +bound anaphora TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.16 0.03 +single layer training TechTool 0.79 0.21 0.00 0.00 +pruning TechTool 0.65 0.12 0.12 0.11 +text ellipsis resolution TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.04 0.00 +null matching TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.08 0.10 +identity mapping TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +alphabet Linguistics 0.17 0.46 0.24 0.13 +gender-dependent segment model DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.13 0.82 +shallow linguistic feature TechTool 0.73 0.03 0.02 0.22 +nl system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +events other 0.09 0.18 0.54 0.20 +temporal organization other 0.25 0.00 0.71 0.04 +semantic non-compositionality other 0.44 0.00 0.47 0.09 +corpus alignment Linguistics 0.42 0.57 0.00 0.01 +Node-based inference rules TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.12 +corpus-driven processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unsupervised sense disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +transtype TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +vector space classifler TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +syntactic grammar TechTool 0.56 0.38 0.01 0.05 +model DSMMM 0.04 0.11 0.14 0.71 +similarity calculation mechanism TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.44 +mi method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +interactive disalnbiguation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +speech recognizer TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +performance evaluation system DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +ne corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.80 0.00 0.20 +visual feature extraction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +heuristic TechTool 0.28 0.26 0.21 0.25 +accuracy\/efficiency trade-off DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.95 +dynamic modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +feature filtering TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +generative syntax other 0.20 0.19 0.43 0.19 +df search TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +chart parsing mechanism TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +predeterminer TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +incremental relaxation technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +natural language quantifier Linguistics 0.24 0.71 0.02 0.03 +manually-developed wide-coverage tag sequence grammar TechTool 0.62 0.36 0.00 0.01 +semantic concordance TechTool 0.63 0.08 0.22 0.07 +bottom-up shift-reduce parser TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.05 +man-machine communication TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.13 0.01 +local-statistics-based disambiguation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +monostratal representation TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.04 0.20 +modeling language acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +human reader other 0.00 0.05 0.68 0.27 +tree log-probability maximization DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.01 0.51 +population method DSMMM 0.25 0.01 0.01 0.73 +taxonomic hierarchy DSMMM 0.03 0.13 0.01 0.83 +local discourse behavior other 0.04 0.00 0.87 0.08 +dependency-lengthlimited parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +english infinitival Linguistics 0.13 0.85 0.01 0.00 +anchoredness TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +frame tree DSMMM 0.13 0.14 0.01 0.72 +document type description other 0.16 0.23 0.59 0.02 +hh-construction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +repair theory TechTool 0.60 0.04 0.35 0.00 +speech recognition and production TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +information representation and exchange other 0.28 0.00 0.68 0.04 +natural-language prccesslng TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +programming language TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.06 0.03 +word choice TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.47 0.04 +segmentation level other 0.04 0.00 0.89 0.07 +reference assignment TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +mean adaptation TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +shift-reduce-style parsing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +formal grammar Linguistics 0.33 0.58 0.02 0.08 +entity subtype TechTool 0.37 0.35 0.06 0.22 +polysemous class Linguistics 0.01 0.66 0.32 0.01 +mt-based search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.10 +real-world text other 0.01 0.48 0.50 0.00 +baseline measure DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.95 +communication other 0.10 0.26 0.58 0.06 +phonological rule induction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +lexicon-based word hypothesizer TechTool 0.55 0.36 0.00 0.09 +document layout TechTool 0.57 0.12 0.19 0.12 +probabilistic synchronous dependency insertion grammar TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +quantifier approach TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.01 +summarizaton system TechTool 0.52 0.20 0.20 0.08 +corresponding perceptron TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sentence-structuring TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.09 +flexible user customization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +hierarchical phrase alignment-based translator TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +search task TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.01 +multidimensional scaling TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.05 0.19 +model clustering TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +government binding theory Linguistics 0.08 0.56 0.36 0.00 +nonmonotonic reasoning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +verb inflection paradigm Linguistics 0.01 0.86 0.13 0.00 +classitication TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.10 0.13 +systeln TechTool 0.59 0.13 0.20 0.08 +specialized corpora Linguistics 0.09 0.90 0.00 0.00 +recognition tools TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +blast bit score DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.90 +aspect marker Linguistics 0.16 0.61 0.22 0.01 +generative description other 0.15 0.29 0.37 0.20 +idiom Linguistics 0.16 0.44 0.32 0.08 +scc extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +trained model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +spoken language Linguistics 0.13 0.82 0.05 0.00 +smoothing problem TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.01 +analyzer development TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +nucleus other 0.22 0.20 0.35 0.23 +shift-reduce parsing TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.04 0.13 +semi-continuous learning TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +ambiguous word other 0.01 0.32 0.67 0.01 +japanese word extraction TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.00 0.02 +direct optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +language syntax and parsing TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.29 0.03 +sublanguage Linguistics 0.39 0.42 0.10 0.09 +language interpretation process other 0.15 0.00 0.82 0.02 +nlg system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +canonical form other 0.24 0.14 0.53 0.09 +polarity Linguistics 0.20 0.43 0.21 0.16 +call quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +wsd model training TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +occurrence probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +language processing systemae TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +automated essay scoring TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +pos tagging TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +syntactic ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +generating patent claims TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.35 0.00 +aspectual marker Linguistics 0.29 0.66 0.03 0.02 +heuristic programming TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +turing machine TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.28 +stem acquisition technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word-forms analysis TechTool 0.76 0.22 0.01 0.01 +neural network combination TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +max-margin alignment TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +domain vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.66 0.29 0.05 +exact word match DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.04 0.64 +temporal event clustering TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +ltag grammar TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.01 0.03 +xml representation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +templatic morphology Linguistics 0.02 0.83 0.15 0.01 +segmentation TechTool 0.67 0.05 0.20 0.08 +machine vision TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.05 0.07 +utterance classification performance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.97 +matching semantic maps TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.04 0.10 +neural network architecture TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +dictionary construction method TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +chart processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +single-tapping method TechTool 0.91 0.09 0.00 0.00 +local constraints TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.43 0.03 +ip detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic word-clustering TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.03 +feature generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +semantic role parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +item detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +metropolis algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lfg-dop TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +treebank parse Linguistics 0.12 0.80 0.02 0.06 +language realization system TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +cross-language morphology Linguistics 0.13 0.56 0.25 0.06 +coarse matching TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.15 +american news corpus Linguistics 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical data base Linguistics 0.01 0.55 0.43 0.02 +substitution instruction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +name match probability DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.96 +tree-to-string alignment TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.00 0.08 +stop-word removal TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.05 0.02 +equipment modelling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +word\/n-gram matching TechTool 0.48 0.04 0.04 0.43 +automatic meeting understanding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +decision-tree part-of-speech tagger TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.01 0.00 +semantic autonomy TechTool 0.49 0.11 0.36 0.03 +co-training-based paraphrase extraction TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +bootstrapping method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic dialogue units other 0.02 0.10 0.49 0.39 +case schemata TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +bigram feature selection TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +parallel beam-search parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +telephone service TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.05 0.00 +transduction TechTool 0.61 0.08 0.25 0.06 +pola grammar technique TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +nmchine learning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +tagger\/lemmatizer TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.01 +psychometric testing TechTool 0.59 0.09 0.23 0.09 +monotonicity restriction DSMMM 0.47 0.01 0.04 0.48 +np expansion TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.00 0.20 +nmmory-based learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +chinese discourse treebank Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.02 0.01 +term reweighting scheme TechTool 0.62 0.02 0.02 0.34 +on-line parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +sentence alignment program TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +definite noun phrase Linguistics 0.12 0.88 0.00 0.00 +natural communication other 0.47 0.00 0.53 0.00 +prioritized theorist TechTool 0.71 0.04 0.25 0.01 +one-vs-rest scheme TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +psychological behavior other 0.00 0.03 0.93 0.04 +error recovery TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.10 0.07 +ggnf definite grammar scheme TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00 +cue selection and placement TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.25 0.07 +dependency-based parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +document class Linguistics 0.03 0.72 0.18 0.08 +convolution tree DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.81 +psycholinguistic work other 0.02 0.05 0.94 0.00 +regression mechanism TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word-based trigram language model DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.95 +ibm model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +speech-based natural language understanding TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +terminological knowledge representation other 0.41 0.01 0.56 0.02 +rdf metadata repository TechTool 0.75 0.09 0.15 0.01 +decision support TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +principal component analysis TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +near-duplicate detection TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +morpheme boundary discovery TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +linguistic template matching TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +8-fold crossvalidation TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.07 0.01 +monolingual query TechTool 0.59 0.18 0.04 0.19 +web-based extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +tree description grammars DSMMM 0.44 0.02 0.01 0.54 +native-code compiler TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +trigram training TechTool 0.52 0.04 0.00 0.44 +normal state implicature TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.36 0.05 +rule-based system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +language understanding technique TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +speech graffiti-grammaticality TechTool 0.66 0.07 0.18 0.09 +word-distance estimator DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.06 0.83 +tree automaton DSMMM 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.79 +single-document summarization method TechTool 0.91 0.09 0.00 0.00 +broadcast news transcription system TechTool 0.73 0.25 0.02 0.00 +english parse Linguistics 0.27 0.67 0.02 0.04 +speech analysis TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.09 0.02 +interpolation scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +feature-term logic TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.11 +lambda abstraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +rceognition TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +multimodal user interface TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +context updating TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.01 +feature description unification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +region segmentation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +question detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +generative grammar Linguistics 0.34 0.40 0.01 0.24 +branch-and-cut DSMMM 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.87 +question processor TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +edition distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +sample selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +named entity identification TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +cognitive psychologist other 0.24 0.28 0.48 0.00 +dispenser TechTool 0.52 0.20 0.17 0.11 +silence other 0.15 0.14 0.66 0.05 +extractive summarisation TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.05 0.00 +discourse coding TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.00 +parametertuning TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +adaptive production system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linked chain model DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.05 0.79 +infinitival clause Linguistics 0.15 0.76 0.09 0.00 +information pertaining other 0.12 0.01 0.86 0.00 +synonymy test Linguistics 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.39 +n-gram transliteration model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.95 +constraint satisfaction inference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +web-based corpora Linguistics 0.03 0.84 0.00 0.13 +robust dependency parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +ravenclaw dialog management TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +retrieval procedure TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +surface word information other 0.00 0.01 0.88 0.10 +catalog shopping TechTool 0.43 0.22 0.34 0.01 +similarity between words DSMMM 0.00 0.45 0.00 0.55 +outside knowledge other 0.07 0.04 0.89 0.00 +similarity calculation DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.76 +measures other 0.16 0.11 0.51 0.22 +linguistic processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +comparable , non-parallel corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.91 0.04 0.01 +chinese part-of-speech Linguistics 0.16 0.75 0.07 0.02 +domain-specific constraint TechTool 0.68 0.04 0.28 0.00 +template fllling TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.15 0.11 +graph transformation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.04 0.12 +essay evaluation TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.07 0.17 +full parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +combined classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sensory context other 0.07 0.05 0.86 0.02 +backoff n-gram model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +on-line activation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.01 0.26 +rule-based learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +answer prediction DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.06 0.57 +morphology shape other 0.00 0.14 0.54 0.31 +frequency weight DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +speech segmentation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +structural parallelism other 0.19 0.00 0.75 0.06 +pyml machine TechTool 0.35 0.27 0.25 0.13 +key-word Linguistics 0.34 0.64 0.01 0.01 +inference type TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +taxonomic weighting TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +correction recovery TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +memory processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +spontaneous speech corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.03 0.01 +randomization testing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.07 +crosslexica TechTool 0.60 0.09 0.18 0.13 +unlexicalized parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +bottom-up generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +automatic diagram design TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.01 +semantic category \ TechTool 0.58 0.36 0.01 0.05 +english spoken document retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 +tile lexicon entry Linguistics 0.21 0.77 0.01 0.01 +non-deterministic backtracking TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +text classification category TechTool 0.70 0.23 0.06 0.01 +sequential morpheme extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +information retrieval technology TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +parsing speech TechTool 0.45 0.01 0.29 0.25 +query enhancement TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.08 0.11 +part of speech tags other 0.17 0.32 0.51 0.00 +structural reasoning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +abstraction morphism TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +pronoun disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +grammatical structure Linguistics 0.05 0.80 0.07 0.08 +character-based indexing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +contextual spelling correction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +relation type classification TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +latent semantic analysis TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.05 +predictive left-corner parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +fixed sentence translation TechTool 0.78 0.06 0.01 0.14 +interactive speech understanding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +instruction generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +cognitive science program Linguistics 0.37 0.58 0.04 0.01 +secondary storage TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.10 0.04 +probability estimate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +lp formulation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.16 0.04 +projection principle DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.02 0.54 +kana-to-kanji translation TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.00 0.01 +error analysis TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.04 0.13 +automatic parametertuning TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.10 0.11 +ontology research other 0.15 0.36 0.50 0.00 +bottom-up junction selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +text-to-speech synthesizer TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.04 0.00 +semantic inference mechanism TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +slmulatlon TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +linguistic pattern recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +wh-questions Linguistics 0.01 0.72 0.26 0.01 +crf feature induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +handtagged corpora Linguistics 0.07 0.67 0.11 0.14 +island parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +magnitude estimation TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.01 0.33 +logical information other 0.09 0.00 0.90 0.01 +pornography filtering TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.04 0.08 +temporal reference other 0.20 0.01 0.79 0.00 +reading machine TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +input understanding TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +word candidate Linguistics 0.07 0.65 0.08 0.19 +heuristic selection process TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +name searching TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +re-estimation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +word lookup TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.09 +naiveoptimaldecode TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +supervised method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +automatic machine translation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +gnome annotation TechTool 0.73 0.05 0.22 0.00 +order variation other 0.04 0.00 0.82 0.14 +td-psola diphone synthesis TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.12 0.01 +surface structure tree DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.14 0.83 +learning strategy TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +model selection TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +language interpretation problem other 0.16 0.00 0.84 0.01 +word-class generator TechTool 0.80 0.17 0.00 0.03 +corpus-based learning TechTool 0.88 0.09 0.01 0.02 +feature weights DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.67 +single sentence summarisation TechTool 0.57 0.43 0.00 0.00 +language instruction generation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +electronic translation TechTool 0.68 0.20 0.12 0.00 +translation-model estimation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.24 +distance optimisation problem other 0.01 0.00 0.90 0.08 +reason maintenance TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +phoneme-to-text conversion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +example-based machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +queue reordering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +dialogue evolution other 0.13 0.03 0.79 0.05 +dichotomizer TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.14 0.10 +verb-based grouping TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.04 0.02 +macro-averaging TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +natural language generator TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +inflected forms Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.17 0.00 +canonical reduction TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.13 0.09 +xslt-based annotation integration TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.01 +generation framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +signal processing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.02 +nallsation analysis TechTool 0.71 0.07 0.17 0.05 +word tagging TechTool 0.84 0.11 0.02 0.03 +association score DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.86 +semantic transfer mt TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +nl-expression DSMMM 0.41 0.03 0.03 0.53 +ssm recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +translators other 0.27 0.07 0.61 0.05 +concept generalization TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.03 0.17 +claws tag TechTool 0.71 0.25 0.03 0.00 +natural language tools TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.15 0.00 +speech segmentation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +forest unpacking TechTool 0.64 0.02 0.00 0.33 +grammatical theory Linguistics 0.02 0.68 0.30 0.01 +fidditch parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +hybrid text classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multi-lingual toolkit TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +agent interaction pattern TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.33 0.03 +constituent structure Linguistics 0.02 0.60 0.25 0.14 +majority class baseline TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.04 0.12 +biomedical information other 0.00 0.16 0.84 0.00 +syntactic class Linguistics 0.08 0.66 0.20 0.07 +tile slot TechTool 0.82 0.04 0.13 0.01 +posterior probability estimation DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.71 +concept-to-speech generation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +front-end design other 0.38 0.01 0.61 0.01 +greedy training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +signature generation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.00 +ifametonymy recognition TechTool 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.07 +morpho-syntactic variation other 0.08 0.01 0.72 0.20 +computer science research Linguistics 0.28 0.46 0.27 0.00 +segmentation processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +coherence analysis TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +boosted decision tree TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.06 0.12 +spoken dialog systems TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +pundit TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.24 0.02 +parser state TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.10 0.07 +text structuring TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.22 0.00 +anaphor resolving TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +multi-dimensional classifica TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.01 0.08 +gate document manager TechTool 0.83 0.13 0.04 0.00 +morphological category other 0.05 0.46 0.48 0.00 +multi-cost alignment TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +superarv TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.09 0.13 +word shape tagging TechTool 0.62 0.07 0.04 0.27 +syntactic chunking TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +multilingual speech Linguistics 0.19 0.59 0.20 0.02 +ipa notation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +narrative natural language Linguistics 0.08 0.83 0.09 0.00 +lexical analysis tool TechTool 0.73 0.05 0.22 0.00 +two-level morphology TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.20 0.00 +topic tracking TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.41 0.01 +japanese technical term Linguistics 0.00 0.82 0.04 0.13 +performance evaluation method DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +phrase attachment TechTool 0.59 0.13 0.00 0.29 +semantic lexicon induction TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.01 +quantification Linguistics 0.17 0.35 0.35 0.13 +medical corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.01 +user modeling system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +energy posture DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.88 +sentence comprehension TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.02 0.34 +technical terms Linguistics 0.00 0.49 0.48 0.03 +unit selection algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexicalized training Linguistics 0.44 0.52 0.03 0.01 +lfg rule TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +hmm viterbi training TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +meeting processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +decoder parameter TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.03 0.11 +summation model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +decision tree model DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.71 +java library TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +distribution-based pruning TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +morpheme identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +event identification and analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +phonotactic information other 0.10 0.00 0.89 0.01 +textual structure other 0.10 0.09 0.73 0.08 +transducer training TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.01 0.10 +dependency tree node DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.92 +part-of-speech tagging system TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +sentence translation TechTool 0.54 0.23 0.03 0.20 +frequency indicator DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.98 +sentence understanding TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.01 0.20 +recognition platform TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +variant-enhanced smoothing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +psycho-narration other 0.36 0.06 0.56 0.02 +linearisation grammar TechTool 0.73 0.20 0.01 0.07 +constituent tree DSMMM 0.00 0.14 0.09 0.78 +waveform concatenation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +english phrase structure Linguistics 0.09 0.69 0.01 0.21 +term subjectivity DSMMM 0.00 0.10 0.14 0.75 +document modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +anaphora tree DSMMM 0.27 0.03 0.11 0.59 +bilingual tree loss function DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.95 +accusative case assignment TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +worst-case parse time complexity DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.14 0.85 +multi-stack search algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +supervised learning problem other 0.43 0.00 0.57 0.00 +add-lambda smoothing TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +speech channel DSMMM 0.01 0.12 0.09 0.78 +gradient reranking TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +information retrieval\/extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +utterance meaning Linguistics 0.01 0.67 0.30 0.01 +member sequential selection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +lexicalized learning TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.00 +delaunay refinement TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.20 0.01 +zero-width negative lookahead assertion TechTool 0.73 0.17 0.01 0.08 +real-time spoken language translation TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.11 0.01 +document cluster Linguistics 0.01 0.63 0.26 0.10 +fast match TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.01 0.33 +relation disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +noun phrase generation TechTool 0.71 0.27 0.00 0.02 +linguistic deduction TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.12 0.01 +distributed processing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +document assignment TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.01 +word translation and transliteration other 0.13 0.23 0.48 0.15 +information-theoretic clustering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +programming language standardization TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.32 0.02 +ensemble method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +termination condition other 0.49 0.00 0.50 0.01 +semantic case other 0.05 0.00 0.59 0.36 +back-transliteration DSMMM 0.37 0.11 0.03 0.49 +biomedical domain Linguistics 0.00 0.54 0.46 0.00 +6-fold cross validation TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.10 0.01 +phrase-based statistical machine translation method TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +reflexivity other 0.20 0.14 0.52 0.13 +visualization method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +evaluation algorithm TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +semantic construction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +linear model DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.54 +fact extraction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +tree transcription DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.03 0.55 +top-down rule TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.03 0.26 +speak language understanding TechTool 0.65 0.03 0.13 0.19 +left-to-right processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +phoneticization algorithm TechTool 0.56 0.23 0.11 0.10 +question formation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +weighting DSMMM 0.26 0.09 0.17 0.48 +generalized parallel backoff TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +atis ( air travel information system ) domain other 0.15 0.09 0.76 0.00 +nonlinear warping TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.08 0.06 +parsing paradigm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +cascaded finitestate parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +ontology markup language Linguistics 0.37 0.59 0.03 0.01 +short-answer reading comprehension TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.16 0.04 +editing operation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.01 +time-synchronous viterbi-style beam search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +discriminative approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +computational control DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.23 0.45 +computational grammar development TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.04 +sequential tagging TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +source sentence Linguistics 0.02 0.89 0.09 0.01 +programming interface TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +fixed word order other 0.20 0.05 0.63 0.12 +extensional reference other 0.05 0.06 0.87 0.02 +sentence compression tool TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +recursive scoring TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +hypothesis testing TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.11 0.20 +lexical ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +tig parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +disarnbiguafion TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +temporal event analysis TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +stepwise feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +neural network training TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +feature percolation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.03 0.14 +clustering analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +computational approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +real-time computer-based ~ nforrnation retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +ferret TechTool 0.65 0.08 0.11 0.15 +definite description resolution TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.02 0.00 +equipment maintenance TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +cluster evaluation DSMMM 0.13 0.03 0.07 0.77 +c-structure\/f-structure pair TechTool 0.37 0.29 0.12 0.23 +word recognizer TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.01 0.04 +language-generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +retrieval performance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +rule-compilation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +linguistics TechTool 0.32 0.25 0.22 0.21 +untagged text Linguistics 0.00 0.68 0.31 0.00 +segmentation ambiguity TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +indexing TechTool 0.72 0.06 0.14 0.08 +segment duration normalization TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.03 0.32 +analogical transfer TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.14 +arabic text categorization TechTool 0.78 0.18 0.04 0.00 +corpus preparation Linguistics 0.30 0.52 0.18 0.00 +automatic learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +human knowledge other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.00 +nondeterministic derivation other 0.47 0.00 0.53 0.00 +harmonic sieve TechTool 0.61 0.11 0.16 0.12 +redundancy elimination problem other 0.17 0.00 0.83 0.00 +processing platform TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +unsupervised open-text word sense disambiguation TechTool 0.81 0.19 0.01 0.00 +gibbs sampler TechTool 0.59 0.02 0.27 0.12 +complex noun Linguistics 0.26 0.73 0.00 0.00 +handwriting recognition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +discourse-marker identification TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +suffixation rule TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +discourse processing algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +full-form lexicon Linguistics 0.44 0.54 0.01 0.01 +segment-wise discriminant function TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.11 0.06 +term formation TechTool 0.40 0.18 0.04 0.38 +induction TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.33 0.09 +turkish morphology Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.04 0.00 +telephone shopping TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.17 0.00 +information availability other 0.01 0.00 0.94 0.06 +generative diagram design other 0.19 0.00 0.73 0.08 +dialogue clarification TechTool 0.60 0.07 0.32 0.00 +hardware search engine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +paragraph analysis TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.21 0.04 +noun analysis TechTool 0.53 0.47 0.00 0.01 +multimodal ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +man-machine collaboration TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.02 0.00 +Word Identification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +multi-word alignment TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.01 +group identification TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +feature preprocessing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +lexico-syntactic template TechTool 0.79 0.05 0.10 0.07 +automatic document summarization TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +biomedical resource Linguistics 0.00 0.71 0.29 0.00 +syntactic template TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.02 0.03 +language classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.02 +temporal term weighting DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.53 +morphosyntactic mapping TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.00 +intonation Linguistics 0.07 0.52 0.37 0.05 +two-phase semantic role labeling TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.00 +casual speech other 0.01 0.16 0.81 0.03 +narrative text Linguistics 0.00 0.69 0.31 0.00 +production rule TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +supervised bootstrapping TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +earley-style parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +subsequential transducer TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.01 0.11 +finite-state parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +discourse relations other 0.00 0.04 0.95 0.00 +lexico-semantic information other 0.03 0.01 0.91 0.05 +technical term Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.12 0.35 +polynomial time solution TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.15 +mandarin chinese Linguistics 0.02 0.92 0.05 0.00 +pair identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +polarization TechTool 0.43 0.19 0.26 0.11 +verb selection TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 +data redundancy other 0.02 0.00 0.67 0.32 +parameter re-estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +relational data base DSMMM 0.09 0.10 0.04 0.77 +hangeul-hanja conversion TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.25 0.03 +semantic categorization TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.01 +element selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +channel theory DSMMM 0.03 0.14 0.39 0.43 +semantic analyzer TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 +n-best chunker TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +heuristic plan recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +noun similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.76 +ontological mediation TechTool 0.66 0.21 0.08 0.05 +modifier-modificand relation Linguistics 0.07 0.46 0.16 0.30 +output realization other 0.09 0.00 0.88 0.03 +dialog manager strategy TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +alignment selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multi-learner bootstrapping TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +polynomial time induction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +switchboard telephone speech other 0.03 0.30 0.66 0.01 +expert domain knowledge other 0.03 0.44 0.53 0.00 +owl lite TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.04 0.01 +object alternation other 0.02 0.22 0.70 0.06 +formal language Linguistics 0.03 0.80 0.14 0.04 +computer speech Linguistics 0.02 0.50 0.32 0.15 +grapheme-based speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.02 +double negation TechTool 0.66 0.30 0.04 0.00 +parsing method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +document boundary TechTool 0.81 0.04 0.14 0.00 +log-odds ratio DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.86 +automatic query translation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +deep syntactic parse Linguistics 0.35 0.53 0.04 0.08 +dialog management TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +dirichlet distribution DSMMM 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.95 +inferences principle other 0.31 0.00 0.48 0.21 +elementary tree Linguistics 0.25 0.34 0.27 0.13 +multiparadigm programming system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +local clustering TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +paragraph relevance DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.29 0.68 +hypothesis other 0.12 0.33 0.48 0.07 +local area network DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.09 0.59 +chinese prosodic phrase prediction TechTool 0.60 0.04 0.00 0.36 +script generation and retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +expression pattern matching TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.42 +spoken language research community other 0.01 0.27 0.71 0.00 +antonymous adjectives co-occurrence other 0.02 0.27 0.65 0.06 +swedish syntax Linguistics 0.26 0.70 0.04 0.01 +dialogue history other 0.01 0.37 0.50 0.13 +connected word recognition TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.11 0.01 +symmetric conditional probability DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.98 +reading assistance TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +medline search tool TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +probabilistic entailment detection TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +lisp machine TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +syntactic tree DSMMM 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.88 +tree-structured translation TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.08 0.07 +empty element recognition TechTool 0.88 0.05 0.07 0.00 +discourse segmentation TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.07 0.00 +generalized phrase-structure grammar TechTool 0.77 0.09 0.00 0.13 +weightmg TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +transitive graph DSMMM 0.05 0.07 0.02 0.86 +chinese part-of-speech tagging TechTool 0.67 0.32 0.01 0.01 +constraint programming TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.02 +meaning-text theory Linguistics 0.23 0.65 0.13 0.00 +limited-domain speech translation TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.06 0.00 +bultreebank project other 0.28 0.22 0.50 0.00 +thesis statement identification TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +supervised document classification TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +discriminative language model DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.88 +time-synchronous search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +ngram modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +language transfer TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.02 0.21 +opinion summarization TechTool 0.62 0.18 0.21 0.00 +legal text hierarchy other 0.02 0.41 0.53 0.04 +viterbi-style beam search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +topic modelling TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.25 0.04 +top-down tree automata TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.04 0.36 +domain cross-validation TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.06 0.01 +dutch pronunciation Linguistics 0.03 0.77 0.20 0.00 +term processing TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.28 +dictionary consultation Linguistics 0.02 0.93 0.04 0.00 +feature convention TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.11 0.08 +long-form validation TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.03 0.00 +network transformation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +system evaluation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +augmented context-free grammars TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +programming matching TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +linguistic realization TechTool 0.67 0.09 0.21 0.04 +language switching TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.25 0.09 +pyramid evaluation DSMMM 0.27 0.00 0.02 0.72 +word trigram DSMMM 0.04 0.33 0.00 0.63 +conversion technology TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +fuzzy quantifier DSMMM 0.42 0.09 0.00 0.48 +tree induction TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +information filtering TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.40 0.02 +unsupervised tagging TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +definite description Linguistics 0.41 0.49 0.09 0.00 +hou algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +ensemble learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tile description TechTool 0.55 0.03 0.38 0.05 +lexical change other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +cataloguing Linguistics 0.29 0.47 0.17 0.07 +semantics research other 0.31 0.27 0.42 0.00 +sri language modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +metrical encoding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.07 0.05 +gaussian mixture model DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.93 +interlingual mechanism TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +model training TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.00 0.47 +training and test data Linguistics 0.01 0.87 0.09 0.04 +collection-driven concept-relation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.16 0.02 +tree grammars DSMMM 0.39 0.01 0.00 0.60 +slot grammar framework TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +word log-likelihood DSMMM 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.94 +text-input error correction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +task-efficacy evaluation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.12 0.07 +paragraph representation TechTool 0.46 0.00 0.11 0.44 +winnow method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +note-taking TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.16 0.36 +lexico syntactic pattern other 0.07 0.01 0.57 0.35 +text normalization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +noun compounding Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.01 0.00 +speech recognitio n Linguistics 0.16 0.40 0.38 0.05 +margin algorithm TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +conceptual domain other 0.03 0.26 0.58 0.13 +frame element classification TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.03 0.00 +verb-object pair Linguistics 0.05 0.91 0.01 0.03 +japanese word-dependency tree DSMMM 0.02 0.43 0.00 0.55 +intersentential ellipsis TechTool 0.53 0.02 0.46 0.00 +context conditioning other 0.16 0.02 0.42 0.40 +model probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +ontology induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +user modeling component TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.45 0.03 +lemmatiser TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.05 0.08 +analyser TechTool 0.66 0.16 0.11 0.07 +parse tree path DSMMM 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.87 +igtree algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +gazetteer other 0.31 0.30 0.34 0.04 +structure assignment TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.03 +similarity match DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.86 +word lattice search TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.42 +metadata building TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +tile boolean expression TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.10 0.41 +predicative argument Linguistics 0.00 0.67 0.32 0.00 +ontology-based information extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +multi-level analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +list marker Linguistics 0.13 0.82 0.04 0.00 +heuristic matching TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +human query formulation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.15 0.07 +smoothing TechTool 0.69 0.07 0.16 0.07 +intention other 0.23 0.23 0.32 0.22 +spontaneous speech-to-speech dialog translation TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.04 0.01 +caseframe notation and parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +bosnian TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +linear time search TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +meaning-level representation TechTool 0.46 0.03 0.07 0.45 +bag-of-words method TechTool 0.81 0.14 0.00 0.04 +coupling TechTool 0.49 0.21 0.18 0.12 +bp detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +speaker role identification TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +multilingual link detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +shortest matching TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +cluster validation TechTool 0.74 0.18 0.05 0.02 +linguistic information other 0.01 0.03 0.96 0.01 +unfold\/fold transformation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +information extraction task TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +decision tree TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.06 0.09 +ace relation detection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +word segmentation and pos tagging TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.05 0.01 +domain-dependent knowledge other 0.17 0.08 0.74 0.01 +nlp pruning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +search request translation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +phrasestructure parsing TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.09 0.10 +closure principle DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.22 0.73 +dictionary-making TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.08 0.07 +pgf-inspired parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +model bootstrapping TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +speaker utterance other 0.01 0.01 0.94 0.04 +clustering model DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.53 +empirical results other 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.28 +bilingual parser TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +chronological information other 0.01 0.00 0.98 0.01 +plcg parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +variable elimination TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +corpora training Linguistics 0.05 0.93 0.00 0.01 +linguistic knowledge base other 0.05 0.45 0.48 0.02 +bayesian smoothing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +parameterization TechTool 0.66 0.08 0.17 0.09 +optimization criterion TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +linear context-free rewriting TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +indaxation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +dynamic-programming-based beam search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +multivariate gaussian mixt ~ TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.03 +list re-ranking TechTool 0.73 0.03 0.18 0.06 +time switching DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.28 0.36 +english law other 0.07 0.19 0.56 0.18 +grammar development environment TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +thesaurus induction TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +text indexation TechTool 0.84 0.09 0.08 0.00 +reduction rule application TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +medline TechTool 0.44 0.22 0.23 0.10 +technical dictionary Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.00 +candidate parse TechTool 0.45 0.26 0.02 0.27 +chinese retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +Paul TechTool 0.55 0.14 0.27 0.04 +function word identification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +bayesian combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical context other 0.03 0.31 0.66 0.00 +presentation manager TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +pairwise alignment TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +computer-based indexing tool TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +public domain software Linguistics 0.19 0.62 0.18 0.00 +k-class classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +analysis cost DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.89 +state-based training system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 +discourse entity other 0.01 0.46 0.47 0.06 +anaphoric relation other 0.06 0.01 0.92 0.01 +htk toolkit TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +n-gram frequency analysis DSMMM 0.38 0.01 0.03 0.58 +finite-state approximation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.18 0.02 +word set base representation DSMMM 0.32 0.26 0.04 0.38 +information worker other 0.06 0.00 0.94 0.00 +multi-level transfer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +military theory Linguistics 0.04 0.54 0.42 0.00 +dt training TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.01 0.01 +memm-based word segmenter TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.00 0.07 +etiology other 0.22 0.08 0.63 0.07 +noun expansion database TechTool 0.56 0.42 0.00 0.02 +conll-x TechTool 0.70 0.21 0.02 0.07 +prepositional modifier Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.01 +computer architecture TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +speech perception other 0.00 0.28 0.66 0.06 +topic spotting TechTool 0.68 0.11 0.19 0.01 +rule completion TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +phrase labeler TechTool 0.69 0.12 0.00 0.19 +communication theory other 0.14 0.00 0.86 0.00 +instance-based surface realization TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +sparse sequence alignment TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +ambiguity packing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.02 +feature type analysis TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.01 +part-of-speech TechTool 0.51 0.32 0.15 0.01 +statistics-based translation TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.01 0.19 +dialog system development TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +np bracketing TechTool 0.64 0.09 0.01 0.26 +supertag path TechTool 0.49 0.02 0.17 0.31 +abbreviation resolution TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +wsd model DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.52 +biography classification TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.02 0.00 +data augmentation other 0.17 0.01 0.72 0.10 +parameter optimization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +natural language proce TechTool 0.77 0.06 0.17 0.00 +interactive information processing TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +ill-formed input other 0.17 0.04 0.79 0.00 +disambigualion TechTool 0.66 0.08 0.15 0.12 +automated rule generalization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +cky-like parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +wordnet taxonomy Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.02 0.05 +sentiment word Linguistics 0.00 0.85 0.10 0.05 +human-human corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.94 0.02 0.02 +network communication TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.17 0.04 +semantic frame TechTool 0.72 0.22 0.04 0.02 +ontology population method DSMMM 0.38 0.09 0.01 0.52 +word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) models TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.01 0.19 +feature TechTool 0.30 0.23 0.19 0.27 +language-independent form Linguistics 0.20 0.49 0.27 0.04 +loglinear model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +transcription labeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +dative adjunct Linguistics 0.09 0.73 0.18 0.00 +verb form information other 0.02 0.27 0.71 0.00 +inference control TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +vocalization Linguistics 0.09 0.52 0.35 0.04 +copular verb Linguistics 0.01 0.88 0.11 0.00 +string-based modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +tree projection DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.94 +nb learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +japanese speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.01 +bottom-up parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +co-occurrence frequency counting TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.02 0.39 +early-type parser TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +byblos system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +mutual information modeling TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.01 0.28 +target domain Linguistics 0.02 0.79 0.19 0.00 +parameter selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +information bit rate DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.43 0.55 +reliability analysis TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.01 0.43 +supervise training datum TechTool 0.45 0.37 0.10 0.08 +shift-reduce model DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.87 +example selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +computer system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +linguistic analysis tool TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.03 0.00 +sentential complements Linguistics 0.00 0.57 0.42 0.00 +phrase ordering TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.04 +type checking TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.08 0.16 +knowledge acquisition and integration TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +iterative acquisition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +joint probability DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.97 +triphone cooccurrence smoothing TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +restoration procedure TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +bllip wsj corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +intermediate representation level other 0.02 0.00 0.60 0.37 +lexical segmentation TechTool 0.76 0.07 0.17 0.00 +unigram method TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +finite-state acceptor TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.07 0.00 +latent relational analysis TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +statistical tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +domain-oriented tlisamblguation TechTool 0.81 0.03 0.16 0.01 +automatic categorization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +coreference resolution performance DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +sdcn TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +relational databases TechTool 0.77 0.19 0.00 0.04 +message Linguistics 0.23 0.47 0.22 0.07 +annotation framework TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +prosodic model DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.84 +common noun classification TechTool 0.81 0.18 0.01 0.00 +program interfaces TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +dt construction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +sentence splitting code TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.01 0.07 +message coherence DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.34 0.38 +clause intonation TechTool 0.36 0.27 0.35 0.02 +named entity translation Linguistics 0.46 0.48 0.05 0.01 +transmission-line parallel-processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +japanese segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +plan-recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +language training TechTool 0.45 0.35 0.10 0.10 +semantic correction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +entity scoring DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.03 0.59 +grammar approximation DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.02 0.60 +synonym acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +fighter aircraft environment TechTool 0.64 0.04 0.32 0.00 +croatian TechTool 0.40 0.17 0.39 0.04 +sing unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word sense annotation TechTool 0.62 0.34 0.04 0.01 +semantic ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +weight-selection TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +terminological entry TechTool 0.74 0.20 0.02 0.03 +supervised clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +functional role other 0.44 0.06 0.49 0.00 +document relevance DSMMM 0.09 0.04 0.17 0.69 +lexicon acquisition and maintenance TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +speech recording and playback other 0.46 0.00 0.53 0.01 +block alignment TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +lexicalized sub-tree other 0.09 0.21 0.36 0.34 +verbal predication Linguistics 0.00 0.57 0.43 0.00 +learning domain other 0.29 0.01 0.70 0.00 +document relevancy DSMMM 0.16 0.11 0.24 0.49 +morphological analysis TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +lexical generalization TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.44 0.01 +phrase labeling TechTool 0.83 0.15 0.00 0.01 +randomized algorithms TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +interactive manipulation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +event actor Linguistics 0.34 0.38 0.28 0.01 +dual scaling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +skimmer TechTool 0.41 0.20 0.36 0.04 +kuhn-munkres algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +tree DSMMM 0.14 0.17 0.26 0.43 +eigenvalue-hased decomposition music TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.16 0.03 +pragmatic information other 0.06 0.00 0.93 0.00 +relative distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.84 +fine-grained named entity classification TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.01 +example-based verb sense disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +semantic dependency net TechTool 0.43 0.11 0.09 0.36 +thematic closeness Linguistics 0.02 0.56 0.06 0.36 +system integration TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +telephony banking TechTool 0.78 0.06 0.16 0.00 +k-best parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +recommender TechTool 0.72 0.05 0.11 0.12 +knowledge acquisition bottleneck TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +word-to-word translation TechTool 0.80 0.15 0.00 0.04 +meta-level grammar TechTool 0.45 0.03 0.28 0.24 +syntactic variation other 0.01 0.00 0.72 0.27 +visual display other 0.14 0.00 0.63 0.23 +email speech act other 0.03 0.19 0.78 0.00 +interaction requirement other 0.42 0.00 0.56 0.02 +echo-cancellation procedure TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +speech recognition device TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.02 +semantic domain other 0.06 0.28 0.64 0.02 +grammatical function ranking TechTool 0.70 0.03 0.15 0.12 +translation system evaluation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.05 0.07 +context-free grammars TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +data-driven reasoning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +conversational system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +vertical search TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +wordnet sense-tagging TechTool 0.68 0.32 0.00 0.00 +gender classification TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.00 +text analysis program TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +embody conversational agent TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.16 0.01 +human-robot interaction other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +recognition framework TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cross-language text retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +parallel projection TechTool 0.70 0.18 0.02 0.10 +normal-form parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +rule specification TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +word matching TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.27 +rocchio correlation DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.01 0.75 +transcription engine TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.03 +document vector TechTool 0.77 0.11 0.00 0.11 +word order typology other 0.34 0.02 0.60 0.05 +automatic paraphrasing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +vocabulary growth DSMMM 0.00 0.12 0.10 0.78 +acyclic transducer TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.01 0.30 +confidence score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +descriptive language Linguistics 0.07 0.82 0.05 0.06 +anaphora annotation TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +adnominal phrase attachment Linguistics 0.37 0.51 0.00 0.12 +sequence analysis TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +pipelined natural language generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +system development and debugging TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +text-classification learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +error classification TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.12 +multi-field extraction TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +trump representation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +termination criterion TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.31 0.01 +morphologic recognition assistant TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +nrrc corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +rule-based phrasing TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +grammatical constraint satisfaction TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.04 0.34 +surface-word-based matching TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.01 0.34 +sensedisambiguation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +language identification algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +language parser\/generator TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +kullback-leibler divergence criterion DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.43 0.45 +story link detection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +similarity score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +morphological variation other 0.01 0.00 0.97 0.02 +monolingual speech retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.00 0.07 +graph construction TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.03 0.26 +attitude revision TechTool 0.74 0.09 0.16 0.01 +automated natural language analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +planner TechTool 0.47 0.19 0.31 0.03 +t-test output other 0.20 0.22 0.55 0.03 +ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +customer support other 0.48 0.00 0.51 0.00 +logic TechTool 0.57 0.16 0.12 0.15 +semantic constraints other 0.25 0.01 0.73 0.01 +miscommunication other 0.37 0.04 0.53 0.05 +sequential classi cation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +sub-topic correspondence other 0.05 0.25 0.69 0.01 +telecommumcauon TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +semi-automatic transformation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +error correction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +interpolation technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sesame framework TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.02 0.00 +optimization strategy TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +text generation research TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +topic determination TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.01 +unsupervised evaluation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +subtask labeling TechTool 0.87 0.05 0.08 0.00 +text routing TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.04 0.00 +monotonic reasoning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +automated evaluation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +deep language analysis TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.14 0.04 +bilingual terminology compilation TechTool 0.38 0.38 0.21 0.02 +entailment pair classification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.03 +schmm re-estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +lexical semantic verb classification TechTool 0.48 0.33 0.19 0.00 +logic programming \ TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +fragment extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +toolkit TechTool 0.55 0.17 0.15 0.14 +corpus-based natural language processing TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +verb-level negation Linguistics 0.01 0.88 0.10 0.01 +mutual-information DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.10 0.72 +encoding scheme TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +depth-first backtracking TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +language-independent editing TechTool 0.83 0.10 0.06 0.01 +parsing engine TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +text dictation system TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +adaptive training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +stimulus manipulation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.19 0.01 +author-supplied sectioning information other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +event structure metaphor Linguistics 0.08 0.64 0.27 0.01 +tile distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +predicate-argument extraction TechTool 0.79 0.19 0.00 0.01 +ioncl-distance movement equation DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.93 +superficial parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +structured string-tree correspondence other 0.39 0.06 0.48 0.08 +text classification \ TechTool 0.82 0.18 0.00 0.00 +word-sense disambiguation algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +model training and testing TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.22 +domain-specific prosody Linguistics 0.29 0.42 0.29 0.00 +speaker identity and gender other 0.05 0.00 0.94 0.01 +speech coding TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.03 +giati monotonization TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.13 0.05 +context similarity estimation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +lexieal choice TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +forward search TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +underspecified discourse representation TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.06 0.07 +hypo legal reasoning system TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +error rate estimator DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.96 +entropy-based algorithm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +temporal relationship other 0.09 0.00 0.90 0.02 +multilingual alignment TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +text processing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lancaster-oslo\/bergen corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.95 0.02 0.01 +predictive analyzer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +task-dependent knowledge other 0.20 0.00 0.80 0.00 +hypothesis reordering TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.06 0.10 +rule-based interactive query modification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +multivariate standardization TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.40 0.01 +mi-ngram modeling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +entity extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +small training corpora Linguistics 0.12 0.88 0.00 0.00 +structural ambiguity other 0.16 0.00 0.82 0.01 +activity decay scheme TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.06 +horizontal error detection TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +automatic reasoning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +n-gram language modeling TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.03 0.24 +entropy estimation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +linear search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +extraction paradigm TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +symbolic machine learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +semantic validation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +term similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +abstract translation Linguistics 0.28 0.42 0.28 0.02 +filter transducer TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.02 0.28 +contra-indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +best-first probabilistic chart TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +essay explanation TechTool 0.55 0.02 0.42 0.01 +schema definition TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.02 0.04 +direct projection algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +vmm learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +equational theory Linguistics 0.07 0.50 0.41 0.02 +pos sequence other 0.25 0.23 0.52 0.00 +humanhuman dialogue Linguistics 0.06 0.43 0.43 0.08 +paraphrase acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +length distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +document-aligned corpora Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.01 0.01 +route description generation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +semantic-based transfer TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +monotonicity condition other 0.41 0.00 0.49 0.10 +syntactic and semantic expectation other 0.19 0.00 0.70 0.11 +textbook Linguistics 0.28 0.39 0.27 0.06 +adaptive disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ontological primacy TechTool 0.60 0.06 0.28 0.05 +network deduction rule TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +adjunction argument TechTool 0.50 0.34 0.15 0.00 +human language learning TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.42 0.01 +template-driven utterance generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +witten-bell back-off TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +reasoning model TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +indexings TechTool 0.61 0.06 0.24 0.10 +models DSMMM 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.65 +personal pronoun Linguistics 0.07 0.68 0.25 0.00 +annotation-projection TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.02 0.17 +goi-taikei japanese lexicon Linguistics 0.05 0.91 0.00 0.04 +application programming interfaces TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +lemmata Linguistics 0.11 0.58 0.27 0.04 +markov model estimation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +gelfand-ravishankar-delp expansion-pruning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +statistical indexing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +kullback-leibler divergence DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.41 0.43 +language parsing technique TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.06 +close bracket predictor other 0.21 0.00 0.57 0.22 +synonym matching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +speech synthesis device TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.20 0.01 +depth-first strategy TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.12 0.02 +set partition Linguistics 0.07 0.41 0.26 0.26 +appearance similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.92 +monotone search TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +dynamic programming parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +spoken-language parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word identification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +word recognition algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +lhc processing flow TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.01 +japanese-to-english machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.01 +machine translation training TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.04 0.03 +automatic construction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +attribute extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +context-group discrimination TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +automatic hypertext construction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +memory-based learning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.02 +word-based approach TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.00 0.04 +x-bar syntax Linguistics 0.35 0.38 0.00 0.26 +template coreference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +data coding TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.03 +intelligent tutoring system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +language discrimination TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.09 0.06 +web-based machine translation TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.01 0.06 +hanja correspondence selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +directinterpretation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +phrase expansion TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +tense compatibility TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.31 0.02 +morpheme segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +agent processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +mergesort TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +quality judgment DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.93 +penn chinese treebank Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.05 0.00 +arda aquaint project other 0.32 0.02 0.66 0.00 +english np chunking TechTool 0.70 0.29 0.00 0.00 +knowledge building TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +argumentative sentence Linguistics 0.20 0.45 0.22 0.13 +level assessment DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.58 +map estimation approach TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +recognition language model DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.82 +mln parameter estimation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +summarization component TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +inflection identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +back-off algorithm TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +single phase alignment TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.00 +textual inference TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +embedded clause TechTool 0.85 0.05 0.09 0.00 +semi-automated extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +global syntactic analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +information sources other 0.05 0.01 0.95 0.00 +back-off smoothing TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +maximally-efficient discourse-processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +protein information other 0.02 0.01 0.96 0.01 +intra-sentential anaphora Linguistics 0.18 0.64 0.17 0.01 +trilingual alignment TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.02 +binary sentiment TechTool 0.48 0.15 0.36 0.01 +text-to-speech synthesis TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +principle-and-parameters language framework TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.08 +question-answering human\/computer interface TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +chinese characters Linguistics 0.00 0.71 0.28 0.01 +document\/document comparison TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.01 +history-based parsing approach TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +marker identification TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.00 +word category prediction TechTool 0.51 0.08 0.02 0.40 +corpus creation TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +occurrence restriction DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.06 0.72 +monitoring TechTool 0.63 0.09 0.21 0.07 +lexicographic information other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.00 +acquisition procedure TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automatic population DSMMM 0.28 0.01 0.07 0.63 +case insensitivity DSMMM 0.12 0.01 0.43 0.44 +file management TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +edit operation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +ordered hierarchy other 0.14 0.01 0.45 0.40 +name phrase matching TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.00 0.19 +stochastic tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +redundancy-based correction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.03 +cue identification TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +speech repair TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.01 +cf language recognition TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +scope disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +machine learning methods TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +disambiguation knowledge TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +semantic argument parsing TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +structure alignment TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.03 +tutoring other 0.26 0.15 0.54 0.05 +distribution-based pruning method TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +associative knowledge other 0.19 0.00 0.80 0.00 +feature structure-directed generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +hpsg derivation other 0.49 0.01 0.50 0.00 +phrasal smt TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.00 0.06 +terminology compilation other 0.35 0.03 0.60 0.02 +top-down clustering TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.25 +propagation algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +citationcounting TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +decausativization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +minipar dependency parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +Arabic-English translation task other 0.45 0.01 0.53 0.00 +child language acquisition TechTool 0.71 0.02 0.22 0.04 +language models DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.94 +semiautomated knowledge-extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +xml markup TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.09 0.00 +increlnental translation TechTool 0.68 0.22 0.09 0.02 +pattern detection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +lattice manipulation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.04 0.18 +automatic abstraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +dna sequence matching TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.01 +gene tagger TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.12 0.00 +hindi translation disambigation Linguistics 0.39 0.56 0.04 0.01 +suffixes Linguistics 0.13 0.58 0.25 0.04 +syntactically-informed statistical machine translation TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.06 0.00 +context feature TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.28 0.07 +dialogue macrogame theory other 0.05 0.32 0.61 0.03 +formal query language Linguistics 0.10 0.72 0.10 0.09 +lexical-cohesion and conversational feature other 0.35 0.00 0.64 0.00 +large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.03 0.00 +ular inference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +technical corpora \ Linguistics 0.08 0.91 0.00 0.01 +lambda-abstraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +text summarization evaluation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +machine translation aid other 0.10 0.01 0.83 0.06 +name association TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.00 0.34 +dialogue corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +collaborative annotation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +description language Linguistics 0.07 0.58 0.21 0.15 +learnability TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.25 0.10 +syntactic position other 0.00 0.11 0.85 0.04 +web-oriented technology TechTool 0.85 0.04 0.11 0.01 +head nod Linguistics 0.14 0.59 0.26 0.01 +instant messenger TechTool 0.57 0.08 0.34 0.01 +character-based tagging TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +subcategorization information other 0.02 0.05 0.93 0.00 +textual units other 0.01 0.02 0.90 0.07 +mathematical modeling TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +discourse task other 0.04 0.00 0.96 0.00 +speech model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.97 +matrix factorization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +levenshtein automaton TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.00 0.17 +deconvolution TechTool 0.64 0.11 0.14 0.12 +word fragment TechTool 0.46 0.45 0.04 0.05 +message queuing TechTool 0.52 0.05 0.29 0.14 +signal compression TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.10 0.40 +correspondence extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +opinion detection and analysis TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +word segmentation TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +grouping process other 0.23 0.00 0.77 0.00 +attribute-value structure DSMMM 0.33 0.09 0.01 0.57 +uniform feature weighting TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +typography TechTool 0.39 0.17 0.38 0.05 +list training Linguistics 0.07 0.86 0.06 0.01 +annotation markup language TechTool 0.72 0.14 0.14 0.00 +categorial selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +maximum match DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +argument Linguistics 0.10 0.55 0.26 0.10 +statistical natural language parser TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +conflict resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +user-controlled search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.06 +hownet TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +reference identification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +entity extractor TechTool 0.56 0.13 0.02 0.29 +american english Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +proof building TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +edr corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +nearest-neighbour classifier TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +crf model DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.55 +static language modeling TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.02 0.11 +cancer classification TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +natural language processing systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syllable Linguistics 0.11 0.58 0.25 0.05 +automatic speech recognition technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +language technology TechTool 0.66 0.06 0.28 0.01 +cepstral energy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.91 +production rules TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +computational technology TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.01 +semframe TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +feature subset selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +structure determination TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +compositional method TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.02 +summarization method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +file searching TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +semi-automatic evaluation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +similarity method DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.55 +evaluation metric DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.86 +logical form representation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.02 0.18 +sign translation TechTool 0.80 0.10 0.02 0.09 +relational database TechTool 0.85 0.09 0.01 0.05 +unlabeled dependency accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.94 +chi-tfidf TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +quantifier shuffling TechTool 0.77 0.07 0.00 0.17 +patent claims other 0.00 0.46 0.53 0.00 +isolated word recognition TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.08 0.01 +implementation technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +discourse structure Linguistics 0.05 0.73 0.20 0.03 +charniak sentence parser TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.01 0.03 +entity hierarchy DSMMM 0.00 0.12 0.09 0.78 +multilingual text generation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +dictionary analysis TechTool 0.61 0.39 0.00 0.01 +modified standard orthography TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.07 0.06 +fixed-arity term unification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +sense discrimination TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +test phase other 0.01 0.27 0.66 0.06 +database record other 0.15 0.17 0.35 0.34 +partial flattening TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.12 0.03 +knowledge-building TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +parametric model DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.76 +nist scoring TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +morphological tokenization TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +predicate selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +natural language engineering TechTool 0.86 0.06 0.08 0.00 +database construction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +lattice decoding TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.21 +hypothesis selection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +speech graffiti grammaticality other 0.16 0.06 0.57 0.20 +max-max reranking TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +text-to-scene conversion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.01 +status classifier TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.01 0.03 +deep case relationship other 0.03 0.00 0.70 0.27 +arabic ocr TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +serialization TechTool 0.57 0.06 0.29 0.08 +japanese ontology goi-taikei TechTool 0.53 0.44 0.00 0.03 +left-recursion TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.20 0.04 +bilingual lexicography Linguistics 0.21 0.75 0.03 0.01 +keyphrase TechTool 0.59 0.14 0.14 0.12 +sub-supertype information other 0.04 0.09 0.86 0.01 +non-projective dependency other 0.26 0.02 0.42 0.30 +case-marking TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.04 0.03 +corpus-based surface generation TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.02 0.07 +lexical ambiguity other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +trainable classifier TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +rlsc regressor TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.07 0.05 +text corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +text tagging TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.06 0.00 +query building TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +lexicon-based representation TechTool 0.62 0.07 0.01 0.30 +venir TechTool 0.67 0.09 0.12 0.11 +speech recognition task other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +genie english generator TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +gradient descent search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pronunciation training TechTool 0.70 0.03 0.25 0.02 +dialogue performance DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.93 +hanquery search engine TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +web retrieval TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.00 0.15 +generalized composition grammar TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +parse-tree analysis TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.01 0.11 +loss estimation DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.54 +intensional logic TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +bilingual training corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +parsing-as-deduction TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.10 +smalltalk TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +beam search method TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +data-driven approach TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +lfg parsing architecture TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +discourse planning TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.10 0.00 +polarity-tagged corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +functional composition TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.01 0.33 +answer ranking and re-ranking other 0.38 0.00 0.41 0.20 +ranking method TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +chronological ordering TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.01 +paragraph extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +Explicitation TechTool 0.51 0.05 0.41 0.04 +expression recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +opinion monitoring other 0.35 0.01 0.64 0.00 +f-1 measure DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.92 +advanced speech recognition TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +part of speech tagging TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.20 0.00 +HBG TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.07 0.12 +conditional probability strategy DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.73 +brute force search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +translation evaluation method TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.45 +rankboost TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +frequency estimation DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +multimedia information other 0.20 0.00 0.80 0.00 +memory-based tagging TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +tdmt ( transfer-driven machine translation ) TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +proper name Linguistics 0.04 0.78 0.17 0.00 +stratified sample Linguistics 0.10 0.60 0.16 0.14 +phrase mapping score DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.91 +event sequence expression other 0.03 0.16 0.65 0.16 +hypothesis generator TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +user interaction other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.01 +transformation-based tree TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +hypothesis scoring TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.04 0.48 +multimodal utterance other 0.22 0.02 0.76 0.00 +kernel computation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +topic grouping other 0.26 0.01 0.73 0.01 +structural specification TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.39 0.02 +knowledge-based processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +english proficiency measurement TechTool 0.56 0.08 0.13 0.22 +summary response generation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.22 0.05 +communication framework TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +incremental procedure TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +text-understanding system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +natural language comprehension TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.11 0.01 +vector similarity assessment DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.60 +right-hand side DSMMM 0.23 0.04 0.33 0.40 +cross-language understanding TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.04 0.06 +unsupervised approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sign detection and translation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +kernel density estimation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +subdialog processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +ltag representation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +tree transducer DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.74 +interagent communication language other 0.14 0.02 0.83 0.00 +case frame tree DSMMM 0.13 0.02 0.02 0.83 +graph embedding TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +italian all-words sense disambiguation TechTool 0.72 0.27 0.01 0.00 +multi-lingual text TechTool 0.52 0.44 0.04 0.00 +decision-tree tagging TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +terminology detection TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +entity disambiguation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +structural repetition TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.39 0.03 +acronymattachment TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +speak language system TechTool 0.76 0.07 0.06 0.11 +rotation estimation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.17 +phrase disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +emacs TechTool 0.66 0.11 0.11 0.12 +mention detection and recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +treebank parsing TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +speech error correction TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.04 0.19 +rhetorical-based summarization TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.02 +atn parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +adaptive planning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +input string other 0.12 0.24 0.65 0.00 +translation mining TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +backtracking-based parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +subtree-depth _ TechTool 0.67 0.21 0.04 0.08 +sensetagged training TechTool 0.68 0.07 0.19 0.05 +noun compound disambiguation Linguistics 0.36 0.64 0.00 0.00 +language retrieval TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +utterance selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +triplet-based hierarchical graph clustering TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.16 +word sense disambiguation ( wsd ) TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +tbl training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +bilingualdictionary TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.15 0.10 +medical corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.01 +document retrieval evaluation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +concatenative speech synthesizer TechTool 0.69 0.04 0.27 0.00 +syntactic structures Linguistics 0.17 0.44 0.28 0.11 +prepositional phrases Linguistics 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 +language interface architecture TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +text re-generation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +bonferroni correction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +time adjunct other 0.02 0.00 0.73 0.25 +topicorganized corpora Linguistics 0.07 0.67 0.11 0.14 +interpolated kneser-ney smoothing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +noise adaptation or mitigation TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.01 +string kernel TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +topic definition generation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.01 +pattern abstraction TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.05 0.14 +statistical terminology translation TechTool 0.69 0.22 0.09 0.01 +parallelism other 0.06 0.06 0.76 0.11 +foreign language Linguistics 0.01 0.79 0.19 0.01 +interaction design other 0.32 0.00 0.68 0.00 +automatic mention recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +ifsa segmentation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.06 0.00 +linguistic realizer TechTool 0.79 0.13 0.04 0.04 +treebank grammar Linguistics 0.09 0.83 0.01 0.07 +entropy formulation TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +gap-threading TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.03 +intensional meaning Linguistics 0.13 0.79 0.07 0.00 +automatic documentation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.07 0.00 +natural language classification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +morphosyntactic description TechTool 0.43 0.36 0.18 0.03 +serial decomposition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +dependency determination TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +stem translation probability DSMMM 0.00 0.19 0.04 0.77 +head wrapping TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.20 0.01 +parameter tuning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.02 +tree-based predicate-argument recognition TechTool 0.75 0.14 0.01 0.10 +model rescoring TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +simultaneous interpretation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +event network DSMMM 0.36 0.06 0.02 0.57 +automatic word clustering TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +style accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 +lexicon merging TechTool 0.87 0.07 0.05 0.00 +english suffixation TechTool 0.43 0.30 0.26 0.00 +feature space DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.29 0.54 +ne recognition performance DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.97 +typed feature logic TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +unit function other 0.24 0.21 0.46 0.09 +focus shifting other 0.01 0.00 0.80 0.20 +human interference other 0.05 0.03 0.92 0.01 +phrase structure grammar TechTool 0.39 0.38 0.00 0.22 +wsd program TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sequential machine TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +character error rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.97 +numerical stability DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.20 0.71 +tag parser TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +protein names Linguistics 0.00 0.74 0.24 0.01 +morphological agreement other 0.01 0.04 0.88 0.08 +tutoring dialogue other 0.09 0.33 0.58 0.00 +fine-grained scoring system TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +rhetorical relation other 0.01 0.06 0.88 0.05 +opinion entity extraction TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.19 0.02 +dependent-context TechTool 0.59 0.14 0.23 0.04 +translation choice method TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +shallow knowledge engineering TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.16 0.00 +english spelling model DSMMM 0.14 0.02 0.02 0.82 +recognition software TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +email-specific summarisation TechTool 0.73 0.17 0.10 0.00 +value grouping DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.61 +tree-bank DSMMM 0.18 0.39 0.00 0.43 +search1 engine TechTool 0.54 0.19 0.15 0.12 +verbal dialogue act other 0.00 0.39 0.60 0.00 +v-fom cross-validation TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.03 0.02 +lexical type database other 0.12 0.30 0.58 0.00 +text-to-text alignment TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +gui builder TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.06 0.01 +linguistic expression DSMMM 0.01 0.13 0.11 0.75 +system-initiated clarification TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +automarie subjectivity recognition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +headline generation evaluation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +nl parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +context-free languages recognition TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +semantic knowledge representation other 0.40 0.00 0.57 0.03 +generative lexicon theory Linguistics 0.00 0.85 0.13 0.02 +speech recognition technology TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +scheduling dialogue TechTool 0.58 0.15 0.27 0.00 +language disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +automatic summarization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +natural language access TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.15 0.02 +query completion TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.07 0.13 +sbar structure Linguistics 0.12 0.66 0.14 0.08 +language and speech processing TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.19 0.02 +referent Linguistics 0.18 0.47 0.27 0.08 +thai ocr TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.00 +phonetic research other 0.25 0.00 0.75 0.00 +semantic-head-driven generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +word domain disambiguation TechTool 0.81 0.13 0.05 0.01 +batch testing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +evaluation function DSMMM 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.90 +subcategorization acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +two-level rule TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +chart-based search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +microplanning TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.17 0.04 +list extraction TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +estimation algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +top-down deduction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.11 +speech mining TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +cue phrase disambiguation TechTool 0.67 0.33 0.00 0.00 +external knowledge other 0.20 0.03 0.77 0.00 +user interface TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.02 +syllabification task other 0.38 0.00 0.62 0.00 +content based information retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +one-to-many translation TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.01 0.00 +computer-aided language learning TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.01 +sentence fusion system TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +domain feature ranking TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.06 0.11 +back-propagation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.42 +linear-time chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +definition analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +task-based evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.05 0.09 +biomedical entity recognition TechTool 0.52 0.09 0.40 0.00 +window-based segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +symbolic classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +parsing research TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +belief noise other 0.07 0.00 0.69 0.25 +customization TechTool 0.66 0.08 0.14 0.13 +knowledge management TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +document understanding TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.01 +key phrase Linguistics 0.40 0.59 0.00 0.00 +modeling dialogue TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.01 +recognition assistant TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +type structure other 0.20 0.13 0.59 0.09 +termlist translation TechTool 0.57 0.17 0.19 0.07 +acquisition task TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +pattern definition TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.09 0.35 +distance parsing DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.01 0.71 +fragment processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexicography TechTool 0.52 0.09 0.31 0.08 +interactive paraphrasing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +language model building TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +parser reranking TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +language disambiguation task TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.00 +penn treebank tagset Linguistics 0.11 0.79 0.10 0.00 +weak classifier TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +pronoun anaphora TechTool 0.54 0.19 0.27 0.00 +galton-watson TechTool 0.64 0.09 0.28 0.00 +path-elimination TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.09 +syntactic catconstruct tree DSMMM 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.88 +relation ranking TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.26 0.23 +tnt tagger TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +unsupervised stemmer TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +gr extraction TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +dialogue schema TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.03 0.02 +text realization TechTool 0.53 0.05 0.42 0.00 +weighted bipartite matching TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +inferential theory for natural language presupposition Linguistics 0.28 0.61 0.10 0.01 +chinese segmentation TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +supervised harvesting TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +twa dataset Linguistics 0.17 0.73 0.05 0.04 +pivotal construction TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.20 0.02 +named entity detection TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +discourse attachment Linguistics 0.39 0.55 0.04 0.02 +empty tree DSMMM 0.12 0.35 0.01 0.52 +network evaluation DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.57 +incremental concept formation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +automated natural language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +speech toolkit TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.05 0.01 +lexical bigram Linguistics 0.14 0.79 0.01 0.06 +text-to-speech system TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +structured query translation TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.26 0.01 +semi-automatic human-machine dialogue simulation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.01 +discourse annotation TechTool 0.70 0.16 0.14 0.00 +web search TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.02 0.19 +summarization evaluation research TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.02 +active\/passive sentence voice other 0.10 0.00 0.75 0.14 +scope preference TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.27 0.16 +structure manipulation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.05 +error minimization TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.03 0.10 +error mining and detection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +approximate search TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.34 +morphology discovery TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.08 0.00 +term assignment DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.02 0.56 +extrinsic evaluation TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.01 0.34 +web page collection Linguistics 0.00 0.60 0.18 0.22 +feature engineering process TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.00 +gene names Linguistics 0.00 0.67 0.32 0.01 +distributional learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +context reduction TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.31 0.04 +word vectors DSMMM 0.14 0.08 0.00 0.78 +hash coding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +significance filter-ing TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.21 0.05 +stack-based model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +segmentation corpora Linguistics 0.15 0.85 0.00 0.00 +single character location TechTool 0.53 0.35 0.12 0.01 +subject\/object extraction Linguistics 0.31 0.49 0.17 0.03 +dcg compilation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +control flow TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.37 0.05 +term alignment DSMMM 0.49 0.01 0.00 0.50 +system training TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +explicit topic information other 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.00 +decoding procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +fledback query processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +internet movie database Linguistics 0.09 0.79 0.11 0.02 +spelling-error correction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +relation attribute other 0.35 0.00 0.51 0.13 +efficient grammar compilation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +penn treebank style corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.09 0.00 +penn discourse treebank Linguistics 0.02 0.81 0.17 0.00 +syllable combination TechTool 0.48 0.06 0.37 0.09 +error character DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.29 0.67 +conversion procedure TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +user browsing TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.16 0.04 +cross referencing other 0.31 0.10 0.53 0.06 +chunk parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +keyword analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +decision tree approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +inconspicuous collocate TechTool 0.57 0.28 0.04 0.12 +text indexing and query TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +learning environment TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.46 0.00 +interactive relevance feedback TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +syntantic mismatch TechTool 0.35 0.24 0.21 0.20 +semantic chunking TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +contour Linguistics 0.18 0.47 0.27 0.08 +document-level answer retrieval TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.03 0.11 +soft clustering TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +real-valued feature TechTool 0.68 0.08 0.13 0.10 +left-to-right surface-based elementary unit identifier TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.14 0.03 +synthesized speech other 0.03 0.10 0.85 0.03 +selectionist learning TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.00 +subtype classification TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +semantic pattern DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.17 0.45 +language modeling knowledge other 0.26 0.00 0.73 0.01 +lexical relation discovery TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +relative clauses Linguistics 0.00 0.87 0.13 0.00 +single article summarization TechTool 0.53 0.46 0.00 0.00 +translation precision DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +semantic category Linguistics 0.12 0.40 0.28 0.19 +16-fold cross validation TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.07 0.01 +human language Linguistics 0.01 0.65 0.32 0.03 +document detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pronoun choice TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.48 0.00 +parse score weight DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.96 +tile transformation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +xml markup system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +language processing engine TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +unbalanced class distribution DSMMM 0.04 0.12 0.03 0.82 +ontologyalignment ormatching TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +translation disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +common sense knowledge other 0.23 0.02 0.75 0.00 +probability distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.98 +treebank training Linguistics 0.10 0.86 0.02 0.01 +cooccurrence-based method TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +sense approximation TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.23 0.27 +open source environment other 0.43 0.03 0.54 0.00 +cross-lingual validation TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.01 0.03 +un-normalized confusion matrix DSMMM 0.42 0.01 0.11 0.46 +decision tree learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +on-line translation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +novelty detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lexeme acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +tagging task TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +pcfg parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +confirmation management TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +word or semantic error rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.85 +cluster transcription rule TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.23 0.05 +lsa research other 0.20 0.05 0.74 0.01 +bag of words Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.01 0.05 +multivalent pdf extracttext TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +candidate extraction pattern TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.27 +distributional similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.99 +colloquial speech Linguistics 0.02 0.61 0.31 0.07 +indefinite noun phrase Linguistics 0.04 0.93 0.00 0.03 +optical character recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +intelligent planning assistant TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +candidate term DSMMM 0.00 0.29 0.01 0.69 +left-recursion elimination TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.01 +knowledge organization other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.00 +equivalence determination TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.05 0.27 +lexicalist parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +processing approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word type alignment TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.10 0.04 +argument cluster coordination Linguistics 0.01 0.52 0.47 0.00 +expression evoking TechTool 0.66 0.04 0.03 0.27 +phone-based recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +language processing\/understanding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +lexical database system TechTool 0.81 0.11 0.08 0.00 +cluster recovery TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +feature derivation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.41 0.01 +source-expressesopinion relation extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +nouns Linguistics 0.14 0.60 0.20 0.06 +recursive structure TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.09 0.21 +ellipsis restoration TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.29 0.00 +sentence parsing and understanding TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.04 0.30 +system architecture TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +comparable corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.01 0.00 +human judgment other 0.03 0.01 0.92 0.03 +darpa naval resource management TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.17 0.00 +local alignment TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +animacy recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +hill-climb TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.01 0.02 +phrase-based indexing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +rhetorical structuring TechTool 0.76 0.08 0.15 0.00 +grosjean corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.03 +abbreviation Linguistics 0.20 0.44 0.30 0.07 +speed-based evaluation DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.01 0.77 +syntactic phrase structure Linguistics 0.17 0.64 0.01 0.18 +acceptproposal message Linguistics 0.23 0.47 0.22 0.07 +tree elaboration DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.18 0.60 +data retrieval TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +linguistic filter TechTool 0.46 0.23 0.17 0.15 +essay assessment other 0.44 0.00 0.48 0.08 +plot-comparison TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +multi-reference word Linguistics 0.40 0.51 0.09 0.00 +data accumulation other 0.19 0.03 0.51 0.26 +rule-based inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +harvesting TechTool 0.52 0.08 0.35 0.05 +data collection initiative Linguistics 0.15 0.37 0.25 0.23 +content planning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +discourse-relevant purpose other 0.43 0.00 0.56 0.00 +language understanding and generation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.02 +natural language querying TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +backoff model DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.72 +information model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.13 0.85 +human speech other 0.00 0.23 0.71 0.05 +expert system explanation TechTool 0.69 0.29 0.02 0.00 +pircs retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +understanding module TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +conversation system TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.02 +elliptical fragment TechTool 0.78 0.16 0.06 0.00 +function labeling TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.03 0.00 +sprint TechTool 0.65 0.07 0.21 0.07 +relationship information extraction other 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.01 +automated reasoning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +left-to-right parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +text categorisation TechTool 0.37 0.33 0.30 0.00 +selection algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +direct induction TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +unified medical language Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.03 0.00 +bilingual term extraction TechTool 0.72 0.04 0.00 0.24 +category selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +irregular orthography other 0.09 0.44 0.47 0.01 +discriminative modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +broadcast news Linguistics 0.00 0.76 0.23 0.00 +question types other 0.02 0.14 0.83 0.01 +null grammar TechTool 0.60 0.12 0.17 0.11 +text classiflcation TechTool 0.68 0.21 0.10 0.00 +hypernym-labeled noun hierarchy Linguistics 0.04 0.80 0.01 0.15 +language query system TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.07 +semantic label Linguistics 0.27 0.68 0.03 0.02 +linguistic pre-processing TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.02 0.03 +blackboard architecture TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +unsegmented dialogue-act annotation TechTool 0.63 0.06 0.30 0.01 +language question parser TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.02 +dictionary definition Linguistics 0.07 0.84 0.01 0.09 +cky chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +head-driven strategy TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +breadth-firs % parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +presentation agent TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +time to solution TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.03 0.15 +count-based feature selection TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +database curation TechTool 0.85 0.03 0.10 0.02 +alignment method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +hill climbing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +grammar network construction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +anguage understanding TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.05 0.02 +hand-crafted knowledge TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +dynamic programming procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +cluster selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +semi-supervised training procedure TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +speech part classification other 0.45 0.01 0.54 0.00 +automata toolkit TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +information state other 0.01 0.00 0.96 0.03 +lexical coverage Linguistics 0.00 0.75 0.13 0.12 +parser TechTool 0.67 0.21 0.09 0.04 +argument-adjunct interpolation TechTool 0.81 0.14 0.04 0.01 +discourse marker lexicalization Linguistics 0.26 0.54 0.20 0.00 +rst-based planning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +pcfg model DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.87 +trie construction TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.17 0.07 +keyword weighting TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +prague dependency treebank Linguistics 0.07 0.86 0.01 0.06 +table row recognition other 0.01 0.00 0.71 0.28 +multilingual coreference resolution TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +x-schema-based inference system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +extractive summarization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tile distortion model DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.93 +semantic representation matching TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +ctb dataset Linguistics 0.21 0.66 0.10 0.02 +disjunction elimination TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +acyclic finite state automaton TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.18 0.00 +lexical parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +nonlocal checking TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.01 0.38 +indefinite noun Linguistics 0.04 0.95 0.00 0.01 +computational system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +japanese text retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +data systems TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.05 +qristal TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +semiautomatic annotation TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.12 0.00 +relational database management TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +language processing software TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +acoustic-phonetic component other 0.33 0.00 0.51 0.16 +answer completeness and uniqueness other 0.03 0.00 0.53 0.44 +n-gram model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.98 +structure recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +positional indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +parallel texts Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +f-measure training DSMMM 0.18 0.05 0.00 0.76 +viterbi generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lalr table building other 0.06 0.00 0.56 0.38 +definitional question answering TechTool 0.69 0.07 0.23 0.00 +multi-modal lnteraction \ TechTool 0.63 0.37 0.00 0.00 +temporal relation determination TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +thesatmm construction other 0.39 0.09 0.40 0.12 +relation extraction method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +functional grammar TechTool 0.80 0.12 0.00 0.08 +discourse level taggingtool other 0.01 0.03 0.82 0.14 +pragmatics processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +speech indexation TechTool 0.84 0.07 0.06 0.03 +text genre detection TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.02 0.00 +learning approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word sense selection TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +gazetteer lookup TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +nlp\/language engineering TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.11 0.01 +white noise TechTool 0.44 0.00 0.43 0.13 +text categorization lnethod TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.00 +smt translation TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.03 0.01 +spoken dialogue corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.01 0.01 +pitch accent recognition TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.03 0.21 +cmu communicator TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.00 +backtracking procedure TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +automatic mt evaluation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +tree structure DSMMM 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.83 +svm model DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +orthographic transcription TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.09 0.03 +guage translation TechTool 0.61 0.33 0.06 0.01 +company name recognizer TechTool 0.63 0.36 0.01 0.01 +java servlet TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +stylistic adjustment TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.23 0.23 +web searching TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.10 +grammatical complexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.69 +finite state modeling TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +probabilistic lexical tagger \ TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.00 +background knowledge other 0.01 0.04 0.95 0.00 +ontology representation TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.01 0.17 +lalr table generation other 0.19 0.00 0.63 0.18 +probability modeling DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.69 +korean chart parser TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +subset construction determinization TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.02 +software system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +finite state translation TechTool 0.63 0.07 0.30 0.00 +topical significance other 0.01 0.00 0.53 0.46 +basenp recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +interlingual machine-translation TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +global selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +discriminative named entity recognition TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +description generation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +transliteration similarity approach TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +thai ocr research other 0.45 0.01 0.53 0.00 +max-margin estimation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +dpocl planning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +intelligent information retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +maximum-entropy parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +word level alignment DSMMM 0.31 0.02 0.08 0.58 +knowledge component other 0.05 0.00 0.95 0.00 +temporal expressions other 0.00 0.04 0.94 0.02 +utfification function other 0.21 0.22 0.31 0.25 +opine TechTool 0.66 0.10 0.13 0.11 +complexity generation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.31 0.08 +text searching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +causal reasoning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +kullback-liebler divergence DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.39 0.40 +thesaurus generation TechTool 0.88 0.12 0.00 0.00 +machine learning software TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +explicit domain knowledge other 0.08 0.01 0.91 0.00 +case-based machine translation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.05 +semantic classification trees TechTool 0.55 0.11 0.03 0.31 +japanese parsing \ TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.00 0.02 +statistical part-of-speech tagger TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +codeword-dependent neural networks TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.02 0.24 +2-d shape recognition TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.12 0.05 +sense selection algorittun TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +language\/codeset recognition TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.12 0.01 +move other 0.35 0.06 0.53 0.06 +word correction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +lisp object system TechTool 0.88 0.08 0.00 0.04 +igtree decision tree TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.03 +modelling algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +hierarchical phrase alignment TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.04 +hypothesis test DSMMM 0.02 0.27 0.05 0.67 +annotators other 0.30 0.07 0.59 0.04 +bidirectional decoding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +hierarchical lexicon Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +authorship recognition and verification TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +segmental clustering TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +dialogue progression control other 0.13 0.01 0.68 0.18 +japanese analyzer TechTool 0.91 0.09 0.00 0.00 +biorat evaluation TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.03 0.30 +markers\/selection restriction TechTool 0.85 0.09 0.03 0.02 +expectation-maximisation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +nlachine translation TechTool 0.63 0.28 0.07 0.01 +node reduction TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.07 0.31 +minimalism TechTool 0.39 0.18 0.18 0.24 +noun phrase length DSMMM 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.52 +case frame induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +machine translation pipeline TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.06 0.00 +lazyboosting TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +path consistency DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.20 0.72 +single error rate DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.83 +genre identification TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.05 0.00 +symbolics lisp machine TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +language dialog interface TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.02 +large-vocabulary cross-language information retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +euroword-net TechTool 0.72 0.07 0.08 0.13 +meeting summarisation TechTool 0.58 0.24 0.18 0.00 +word processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +countrywide communication other 0.10 0.26 0.58 0.06 +translation probabilities DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +human-system interaction TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +instance bootstrapping TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +monte carlo parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syntactic form Linguistics 0.19 0.42 0.36 0.03 +n-best weight estimation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.11 +pen-path length DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.04 0.84 +utterance generation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +language processing toolkit TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +cobweb TechTool 0.59 0.12 0.12 0.18 +transition probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.94 +iterative beam search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +feature term extraction TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +phrase extension TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.01 0.23 +structured stack other 0.03 0.02 0.93 0.02 +compiler technology TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +linear combination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multimodal communication other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +structures discovery TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +biology entity identification TechTool 0.80 0.03 0.17 0.00 +machine evaluation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.29 +linear algebra TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +operational semantics Linguistics 0.37 0.57 0.01 0.05 +semantics resource construction TechTool 0.84 0.05 0.08 0.03 +viterbi algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +conslituent boundary parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexical realization model DSMMM 0.34 0.04 0.16 0.46 +head-driven bottom-up TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +ocr-based text acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +phrase tagging TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +indefinite noun phrases Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +rating classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +subgrammar extraction TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.01 +cue words Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +church-gale alignment TechTool 0.82 0.18 0.00 0.00 +pattern generalization TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.05 0.40 +text structure pattern TechTool 0.44 0.03 0.37 0.16 +fitness-based selection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +hybrid method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word-based matching TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +accuracy DSMMM 0.06 0.12 0.25 0.57 +bootstrap sampling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +v-fold cross-validation TechTool 0.83 0.12 0.04 0.01 +semantics analysis TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +bracketed d-tree representations DSMMM 0.26 0.08 0.07 0.59 +system-building TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sentence length model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +segment TechTool 0.48 0.19 0.23 0.09 +paragraph-based alignment TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.14 +enever obstacle detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +frequencies method DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.87 +text-structuring TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +continuous understanding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +dialogue control other 0.26 0.00 0.51 0.22 +audio\/video search TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.11 0.05 +fact TechTool 0.27 0.25 0.24 0.24 +average interaction time DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.62 +cfg parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +relativization TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +pen-based gesture input other 0.18 0.00 0.81 0.00 +damsl TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +subset mining TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.07 0.00 +semantic interpretation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.10 0.05 +sentence length and perplexity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +clbigram TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +inquery retrieval system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +daikou-reference other 0.23 0.08 0.66 0.03 +data recorder Linguistics 0.19 0.34 0.31 0.15 +da discrimination TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +table building other 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.47 +event detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +relaxation labeling TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lattice construction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.05 0.10 +ebl learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +k-means clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +25-fold cross-validation TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.04 0.01 +target language synthesis TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.32 0.01 +illocutionary act other 0.31 0.20 0.49 0.01 +phrase type TechTool 0.50 0.19 0.04 0.27 +non-literal aspect of communication other 0.15 0.02 0.81 0.02 +listener other 0.24 0.09 0.63 0.03 +email summariser TechTool 0.50 0.10 0.40 0.00 +discourse action other 0.09 0.07 0.85 0.00 +tree-adjoining grammar ( tag ) TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.00 0.01 +speech recognizer training TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.03 0.01 +darpa communicator other 0.29 0.02 0.68 0.00 +text-snippet extraction TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +hierarchical ontology TechTool 0.73 0.17 0.04 0.06 +multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.02 0.01 +recall-enhancing DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.58 +french word Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +redundant information other 0.03 0.00 0.96 0.01 +correlations TechTool 0.29 0.21 0.29 0.21 +bilingual lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +bitext TechTool 0.62 0.19 0.10 0.08 +langnage processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +parameter adaptation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.01 +document identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +deterministic finite state automata TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +virtex aspect choice other 0.17 0.00 0.82 0.01 +message-to-speech TechTool 0.86 0.06 0.02 0.05 +graphical access TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +distance score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +phonetic alphabet other 0.01 0.33 0.59 0.06 +settheoretic inference TechTool 0.63 0.10 0.21 0.05 +computer system architecture TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +inter-rater comparison TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +statistical cooccurrence TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +tagged term polarity Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.09 0.07 +best-first alignment TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +svm algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +statistical model DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.68 +probabilistic classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +entropy training TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.00 0.47 +interactive dialogue TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.31 0.00 +inter-cluster edge weight DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.93 +da mixture modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +reasoning algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +information retrieval measure DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.02 0.70 +keyword matching TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +answer typing other 0.16 0.00 0.47 0.37 +hardware TechTool 0.60 0.16 0.13 0.12 +handcrafted knowledge other 0.12 0.01 0.87 0.00 +learning methods TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +path alignment TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.01 0.24 +system synchronization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +chunk tagging TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +syntactic relation other 0.09 0.01 0.87 0.04 +generating training examples TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +user training TechTool 0.45 0.40 0.08 0.06 +bilingual sense disambiguation TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00 +semantic analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.01 +summary-based alignment TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.01 0.13 +automatic word pronunciation TechTool 0.80 0.07 0.11 0.02 +interactive entertainment TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +grammar checker TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.02 +search service TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +non-deterministic fusion TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.03 +global optimization TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +finite state pattern other 0.48 0.00 0.50 0.01 +pitch control DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.76 +practical grammar development TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.01 +vpe detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +section identification other 0.02 0.07 0.84 0.07 +associative unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +confusion probability table DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.55 +morphological disamblguation TechTool 0.61 0.05 0.34 0.00 +information retrieval model DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +directory assistance TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.26 0.00 +binary relation extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +german-to-english translation TechTool 0.75 0.25 0.00 0.00 +large thesaurus Linguistics 0.46 0.54 0.00 0.00 +generalized contextual grammar TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.01 0.10 +type nominal_object TechTool 0.44 0.10 0.36 0.10 +intransitive verb Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.04 0.00 +domain-independent knowledge management TechTool 0.82 0.12 0.06 0.00 +sense disambiguation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +frame analysis TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +plural expression DSMMM 0.02 0.16 0.16 0.67 +text skimmer other 0.20 0.38 0.42 0.00 +quantification information other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.00 +representation technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +adverbial modifier Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.00 0.04 +nominal position Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.47 0.01 +co-occurrence patterns DSMMM 0.07 0.01 0.10 0.82 +text categorization system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +text clustering TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +binomial likelihood function DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.97 +dictionary-based understanding TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.00 0.05 +mit atis system TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +gene name Linguistics 0.04 0.73 0.22 0.01 +interlisp spelling correction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +cross-validating TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.03 0.03 +concept identifer TechTool 0.66 0.14 0.11 0.09 +differential weighting TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +twolevel morphology Linguistics 0.11 0.49 0.27 0.13 +reuters-21578 standard document collection Linguistics 0.17 0.75 0.07 0.01 +training set Linguistics 0.01 0.72 0.22 0.04 +true error rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.90 +query modification \ TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +rule generator TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +topic presentation other 0.14 0.00 0.85 0.02 +average precision DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +parser construction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +grid topology DSMMM 0.28 0.16 0.27 0.29 +hypernym Linguistics 0.22 0.53 0.19 0.06 +formal reasoning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +recognition error correction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +cross-language resource Linguistics 0.20 0.43 0.15 0.22 +anaphoricity determination TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +linear extrapolation technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +bigram clustering TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +linguistic decoding TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +assert parser TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +shallow text generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +order identication TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.01 +marker passing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +man-machine dialogue system TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.01 0.02 +smoothing technique TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +letter coding TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +convergence other 0.24 0.07 0.59 0.10 +label sequence learning TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.14 0.00 +biomedical information extraction TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +context-dependent phonetic model DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.03 0.77 +Human-Machine Communication TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +corpus matching TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.00 0.08 +conll-2003 data set other 0.01 0.06 0.89 0.04 +rhetorical status selection TechTool 0.85 0.03 0.09 0.02 +threshold selection TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +distribution DSMMM 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.40 +morphological analyzer\/generator TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +chinese bracketing TechTool 0.78 0.07 0.01 0.15 +model definition and estimation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +flexible control strategy TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sense tagger TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +model theory DSMMM 0.11 0.05 0.03 0.80 +domain modelling TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.02 +owl dl TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.01 0.03 +english language dictionary Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.02 0.02 +mathematical knowledge other 0.01 0.03 0.95 0.01 +word-aligment TechTool 0.76 0.16 0.01 0.08 +cluster centroid DSMMM 0.04 0.10 0.34 0.52 +japanese-english conversation translation TechTool 0.55 0.39 0.04 0.01 +unknown word extraction TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +internal tree structure DSMMM 0.04 0.13 0.25 0.57 +notational simplicity DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.17 0.62 +anaphoric chain TechTool 0.70 0.04 0.23 0.03 +partial parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +Arabic word segmentation system TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +unknown word processing TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +atomic event extraction TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +transition information other 0.02 0.00 0.95 0.02 +concept-to-text generation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +phrase disambiguation method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +resource sensitivity other 0.03 0.02 0.55 0.40 +standard keyword-based information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +idiom recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +term weighting statistical assignment paradigm TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.10 +selection model TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +unknown-word boundary identification TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +morpheme level other 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.41 +domaindependent lexical classification problem other 0.15 0.00 0.84 0.00 +logical grammars TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +clause resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syntactic word alignment TechTool 0.76 0.19 0.01 0.04 +buckwalter morphological analysis scheme TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +ac corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.03 0.00 +generic speech recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.01 +tagging TechTool 0.46 0.28 0.17 0.09 +phonetics-to-text translation TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.00 +best-first chart parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +bagged tree model DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.98 +sem-tag TechTool 0.77 0.20 0.01 0.03 +head percolation table other 0.00 0.02 0.53 0.44 +vocabulary source Linguistics 0.00 0.62 0.34 0.05 +approximation DSMMM 0.26 0.25 0.22 0.26 +adverb attachment TechTool 0.58 0.39 0.00 0.02 +prolog programming TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +context tracking TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +1000-word continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.04 0.01 +verb class Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.08 0.01 +phrase break detection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +grammatical processing TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +hmm-based combination TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +reference resolution TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +transliteration english translations Linguistics 0.01 0.81 0.17 0.02 +human natural language production process other 0.47 0.00 0.53 0.00 +machine hyphenation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.01 +grammatical role information other 0.00 0.15 0.84 0.00 +slot type TechTool 0.72 0.03 0.23 0.02 +query processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +multivariate clustering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +structure sharing TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.21 0.23 +distortion-based decoder TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +shallow text analysis TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +sentential subject Linguistics 0.00 0.51 0.49 0.00 +computational theory other 0.09 0.20 0.64 0.07 +topic assignment TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.44 0.02 +corrective training TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.04 0.01 +contradiction detection system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +text representation TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.09 0.04 +parsing models DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.54 +semilinearity TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.25 0.10 +graph-based semi-supervised relation extraction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +communication environment other 0.41 0.00 0.59 0.00 +chinese-english information retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.03 +the chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +aggregation information other 0.27 0.00 0.73 0.00 +mutual reinforcement DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.54 +object detection TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.06 +adjective senses Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +cross-sentence merging TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.08 0.06 +synchronous corpus Linguistics 0.16 0.84 0.00 0.00 +language theory other 0.02 0.41 0.53 0.04 +language generation technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +clustering smoothing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +spoken-language translation TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.02 0.01 +indicator clustering TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +user profile Linguistics 0.02 0.51 0.16 0.31 +anlt grammar TechTool 0.53 0.41 0.01 0.05 +link grammar parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +portuguese parser TechTool 0.86 0.14 0.00 0.00 +french understanding evaluation TechTool 0.63 0.31 0.00 0.05 +metaphorical phraseology Linguistics 0.09 0.73 0.16 0.03 +topic labeling TechTool 0.50 0.37 0.13 0.00 +unit of translation TechTool 0.74 0.23 0.02 0.02 +cost-based abduction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.09 +generalized ellipsis resolution TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +text planning process other 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.00 +dynamic decoding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +cross-language question-answering TechTool 0.78 0.05 0.13 0.04 +translation search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +text content representation TechTool 0.49 0.01 0.42 0.07 +dialogue translation TechTool 0.57 0.29 0.13 0.01 +one-dimensional search TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.00 0.09 +conceptual graph acquisition TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.15 +semantic attribution TechTool 0.72 0.07 0.20 0.01 +computer-science tenniuology TechTool 0.74 0.24 0.00 0.02 +spatial description other 0.14 0.09 0.65 0.11 +document descriptor ( keywords ) TechTool 0.48 0.46 0.04 0.02 +adaptive leaming TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +chomsky normal form other 0.12 0.13 0.73 0.02 +turn-taking other 0.10 0.01 0.60 0.29 +exact matching TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.26 +subjectobject identification TechTool 0.64 0.06 0.22 0.08 +search engine analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +multi-phase compilation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +language processing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +textual dimensionality reduction other 0.35 0.00 0.38 0.27 +situation handling TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +hierarchical smoothing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +minimal dfa TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.10 0.01 +glass box evaluation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.01 +sfst TechTool 0.61 0.17 0.12 0.10 +functional generative description TechTool 0.36 0.34 0.17 0.13 +graphical interaction TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +penn treebank Linguistics 0.01 0.76 0.23 0.00 +categorial structure TechTool 0.61 0.33 0.03 0.03 +comparable corpora Linguistics 0.04 0.94 0.01 0.00 +feature appropriateness TechTool 0.39 0.00 0.30 0.31 +syntactic phrase indexing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +manual word classification TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +nlg natural language generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +node-based inference mechanism TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +chart management TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +search system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +stochastic optimization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +speech summarisation TechTool 0.56 0.31 0.12 0.01 +co-occurrence retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.09 +neighbor clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word-based evaluation TechTool 0.62 0.01 0.01 0.36 +customization tool TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +discourse relation classification TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.00 +short messaging service TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.12 0.00 +dialogue quality DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 +word type Linguistics 0.12 0.36 0.29 0.23 +article extraction module TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +serial integration TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sequence labeling TechTool 0.80 0.09 0.11 0.00 +genre-specific corpora Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.01 0.00 +negative clause Linguistics 0.13 0.72 0.14 0.01 +alignable sentence table DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.45 0.52 +associative processor ( aps ) TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +accent type TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.11 0.11 +type identification TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +ogi multilanguage telephone speech other 0.15 0.27 0.56 0.02 +backgrounded information other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.01 +n-gram matching TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.01 0.36 +automatic compound retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +speech event structure Linguistics 0.12 0.60 0.16 0.13 +text-to-text generation method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +incremental annotation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +disambiguation TechTool 0.35 0.33 0.24 0.07 +stopword filtering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +american english timit Linguistics 0.25 0.71 0.02 0.02 +hector corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +role prediction TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.01 +arabic sense tagging TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.03 0.00 +synonym expansion TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.05 +pharaoh training TechTool 0.88 0.08 0.02 0.02 +word dependent substitution costs DSMMM 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.88 +case analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +textual unit other 0.08 0.03 0.78 0.11 +constituent structure tree DSMMM 0.02 0.19 0.10 0.69 +document highlighting other 0.21 0.17 0.41 0.21 +features combination TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.35 0.02 +noun-phrase extraction TechTool 0.77 0.20 0.00 0.03 +modeling translation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +semantic model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +metaphor comprehension TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.12 0.03 +empiricist induction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +step-wise treatment TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.38 0.00 +automatic essay grading TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +automatic language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +unlexicalized training TechTool 0.74 0.17 0.02 0.06 +thesaurus discovery TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.00 0.00 +voting TechTool 0.53 0.08 0.30 0.09 +statistical translation modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +keywords TechTool 0.37 0.29 0.25 0.09 +language identification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +implementation TechTool 0.52 0.09 0.30 0.09 +natural language environment other 0.42 0.01 0.57 0.00 +language generation process other 0.36 0.00 0.64 0.00 +word formation pattern TechTool 0.68 0.04 0.11 0.16 +naivedecode TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +computational text analysis TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +head-driven parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +automatic text mining TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +em-based clustering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +greedy selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cryptography TechTool 0.45 0.14 0.12 0.29 +text detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +parser adaptation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tic-tac-toe pruning TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +dependency analysis TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.02 0.05 +summarizaton TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +textual clustering TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +knowledge structure other 0.04 0.13 0.83 0.00 +island-driven parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +distributional generality DSMMM 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.89 +cast3lb treebank Linguistics 0.27 0.71 0.02 0.01 +resolution\/term generalization TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.20 +human annotation performance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.10 0.89 +ace task other 0.24 0.00 0.76 0.00 +part-of-speech set Linguistics 0.38 0.43 0.17 0.02 +clustering paradigm TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +shot analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +class-based smoothing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +similarity-based grouping TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.02 0.34 +shake-and-bake translation TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.04 0.01 +paired-comparison TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +senses of a word Linguistics 0.12 0.88 0.00 0.00 +noun-phrase identification TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.00 0.01 +headline summarization TechTool 0.84 0.12 0.03 0.00 +greedy parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +terms other 0.11 0.27 0.55 0.06 +wordnet package Linguistics 0.31 0.68 0.01 0.00 +prosodic behavior other 0.01 0.00 0.87 0.11 +multimedia articulation of answer TechTool 0.73 0.09 0.15 0.03 +subject determiner type Linguistics 0.01 0.59 0.40 0.01 +monte carlo algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +markov model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +lexical knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +lemmatizer TechTool 0.56 0.21 0.11 0.12 +tf.idf-weighting TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +incremental algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +parsing ill-formed input other 0.21 0.01 0.78 0.00 +smoothing method TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +dependency case DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.18 0.81 +linguistic-and-templates system TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.00 0.03 +reversibility problem other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.00 +file parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +answer selection modules TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +sentence boundaries other 0.22 0.33 0.42 0.03 +user-centered design other 0.45 0.04 0.48 0.04 +linguistic input other 0.02 0.34 0.64 0.00 +plan expansion TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +index-based annotation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +garbage collection procedure TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.20 0.01 +vocalized corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +adm\/rdm classification TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.03 0.02 +rule generalization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.02 +language learning model DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.03 0.84 +person name extraction TechTool 0.78 0.21 0.00 0.01 +phonemic analysis TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.02 +itg parsing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +sentence separation DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.23 0.55 +noun phrase anaphora Linguistics 0.07 0.92 0.00 0.01 +non-ambiguous pronoun use other 0.27 0.00 0.70 0.03 +passive verb Linguistics 0.05 0.88 0.07 0.00 +polysemous words Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.10 0.01 +natural langufige TechTool 0.66 0.14 0.09 0.11 +lexical substitution TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.13 0.00 +channel normalization TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +acronym generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +blog writing TechTool 0.56 0.02 0.42 0.00 +relational matrix TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.20 +terminology structuring other 0.38 0.05 0.57 0.01 +subcategonzation scheme TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.01 +metagrammar compilation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.02 +dependency relation other 0.04 0.00 0.56 0.40 +knowledge source combination other 0.36 0.06 0.58 0.00 +phrase segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +domain-independent knowledge representation TechTool 0.58 0.12 0.28 0.02 +unification-based lexicon TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.00 0.03 +phone language model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.95 +phrase attachment disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +grammar-based language teaching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.02 +speech recognition performance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.97 +sense-tagged corpora Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.01 0.00 +path indexing TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +semantic pattern acquisition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.02 +error-driven machine learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +rule-based postprocessor TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +Japanese bunsetsu Linguistics 0.20 0.78 0.00 0.02 +organizational framework TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.07 0.00 +wave manipulation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.04 +unification TechTool 0.67 0.08 0.20 0.05 +review helpfulness ranking other 0.16 0.00 0.58 0.26 +morphemes Linguistics 0.13 0.61 0.19 0.07 +multilingual annotation TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +clause-like unit boundary TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +language-specific lexicalization TechTool 0.64 0.03 0.33 0.00 +discourse marker tagging TechTool 0.54 0.45 0.01 0.00 +narrative pattern DSMMM 0.24 0.03 0.31 0.42 +discourse genre Linguistics 0.00 0.77 0.21 0.01 +phrase-table smoothing DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.01 0.57 +slot grammar parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +hyponym extraction TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +mnfiation mechanism and interpretation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.01 +metathesaurus retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +context vectors DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.01 0.50 +acoustic roodcling TechTool 0.54 0.11 0.13 0.22 +behavioral specification TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.47 0.02 +information access dialogues TechTool 0.63 0.06 0.31 0.00 +taggers other 0.26 0.28 0.40 0.07 +message understanding conference other 0.32 0.01 0.53 0.13 +subword-based tagging TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +knowledge scenario other 0.07 0.02 0.90 0.00 +expression processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.05 +sequence modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +illustration Linguistics 0.16 0.48 0.26 0.10 +non-neural network TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.03 0.20 +verb clause Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.06 0.00 +modularization TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.13 0.12 +greedy heuristic TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +human language learn process other 0.08 0.00 0.88 0.04 +probabilities DSMMM 0.05 0.10 0.23 0.63 +bag-of-word representation TechTool 0.67 0.13 0.00 0.20 +unsupervised clustering TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +processing mechanism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +template formation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +segmentation \/ TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +recognition evaluation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +n-gram language identification TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.06 0.09 +collaborative discourse other 0.19 0.11 0.70 0.00 +probabilistic lr parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +deterministic shift-reduce parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +output variant generation TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +average-link clustering algorithm TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +subsumption checking TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.42 +grammar\/lf development TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.10 0.04 +decoder TechTool 0.73 0.08 0.17 0.03 +kl-one dialect Linguistics 0.26 0.73 0.01 0.00 +resource acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +parser optimisation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +electrical engineering TechTool 0.78 0.21 0.01 0.00 +constructional meaning Linguistics 0.03 0.87 0.09 0.01 +character recognition \ TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.00 0.03 +pronominal resolution TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +computing TechTool 0.46 0.20 0.16 0.17 +greedy word alignment TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.04 +interactive help other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +automatic keyword indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +germanic european1 languages Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.01 0.01 +definition-question-answering system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.02 +computer vision system TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.01 +multi-label classification TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 +phrase parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +biological sequence analysis TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.21 0.00 +wordnet similarity package DSMMM 0.38 0.16 0.02 0.44 +character code TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.02 0.07 +lf alignment TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.06 +semantic constraint matrix TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.11 0.14 +log-linear feature combination TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +model estimation TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +signature collapsing TechTool 0.76 0.17 0.04 0.03 +trigram Linguistics 0.14 0.42 0.37 0.08 +levin verb index Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.11 0.00 +n-best list extraction TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.05 0.01 +item response theory other 0.10 0.02 0.83 0.05 +automatic error detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +empirical justification other 0.45 0.01 0.52 0.02 +matlab code TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.01 +predicate Linguistics 0.10 0.66 0.13 0.11 +multiple news summarization TechTool 0.67 0.31 0.01 0.00 +infbrmation theory other 0.05 0.27 0.65 0.02 +automatic syllabification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexical category information other 0.01 0.18 0.82 0.00 +entries other 0.10 0.20 0.62 0.08 +viterbi beam DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.11 0.73 +benchmark corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +pcfg parser TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +link assignment TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.02 +noun modifier Linguistics 0.00 0.82 0.00 0.18 +annotation editor TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +text encoding initiative TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +likelihood parameter DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.97 +role projection other 0.19 0.04 0.66 0.12 +scf structure DSMMM 0.06 0.41 0.12 0.41 +confusion network DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.10 0.82 +word alignment TechTool 0.85 0.06 0.01 0.09 +feature-based pronunciation model DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.01 0.66 +text processing program TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +syntactic acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +polysemic information other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +eliza TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +support-vector machine TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +story understanding mechanism TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +linear deduction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +weighting method TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +training set size DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.11 0.83 +n-place predicate Linguistics 0.15 0.82 0.02 0.01 +prosody-based identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +natural speech other 0.09 0.35 0.55 0.00 +sequence model DSMMM 0.18 0.01 0.02 0.78 +verb subcategorisation Linguistics 0.10 0.87 0.03 0.00 +automatic grammar induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +compound noun identification Linguistics 0.49 0.51 0.00 0.00 +software testing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +named entity corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.01 0.02 +mt evaluation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.01 0.32 +context matching TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +language generation problem other 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.00 +diacritization error rate DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.97 +syntagme nominal Linguistics 0.05 0.91 0.04 0.00 +chinese information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +subjectivity Linguistics 0.06 0.38 0.33 0.23 +processing simulation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +opportunistic planning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +manufacturing TechTool 0.58 0.09 0.25 0.08 +bottom-up extraction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +expansion ellipsis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +eter estimation method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +information status assignment other 0.20 0.00 0.79 0.01 +lexiccr-semantic rule TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +sentence level DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.28 0.72 +relevance measurement DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.06 0.77 +statistical word-to-word translation model DSMMM 0.38 0.02 0.00 0.59 +temporal interpretation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +syntactic statement TechTool 0.39 0.23 0.35 0.03 +feature vector TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.20 +word alignment and annotation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.02 +machine learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +bottom-up grammar development TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.05 0.07 +thoughttreasure TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +language analysis system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +connectiouism TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +chinese-english text Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.02 0.01 +full first-order logic TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +constituency schema TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.06 0.01 +topic Linguistics 0.11 0.69 0.15 0.05 +morphology analyzer TechTool 0.77 0.21 0.02 0.00 +phrase Linguistics 0.10 0.63 0.19 0.09 +density function DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +multi-document graph TechTool 0.86 0.11 0.01 0.02 +redundancy other 0.09 0.19 0.68 0.03 +lta-based gramnlars parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +one-versus-rest method TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.01 +translator system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +knowledge base design other 0.21 0.00 0.78 0.00 +phrasal pattern DSMMM 0.37 0.01 0.02 0.60 +english dictionary Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +logic programming language TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +adaptive language modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +functional hierarchy DSMMM 0.15 0.09 0.02 0.75 +information retrieval framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +principal eigenvector computation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.14 0.05 +entity transliteration other 0.19 0.15 0.34 0.32 +speech synthesis system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +english-japanese machine translation TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.01 0.01 +dual perceptron TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +knowledge representation technique TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +anaphora comprehension TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +language-independent bootstrapping TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +conjunct TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.11 0.13 +dialogue interpretation TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.17 0.04 +BU recognition system TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 +cb-parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +online parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +spread vowel other 0.00 0.19 0.61 0.20 +dative case other 0.05 0.07 0.75 0.12 +user interface design TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.34 0.01 +mixture trigram model DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +text categorization and clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +question answering system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +lc parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +scoring tool TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +parallel distributed processing framework TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +arabic morphology Linguistics 0.02 0.86 0.12 0.00 +dynamic generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +prccesslng device TechTool 0.46 0.15 0.19 0.20 +application building TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lcxical disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +desktop publishing software TechTool 0.80 0.15 0.06 0.00 +domain Linguistics 0.15 0.43 0.34 0.08 +naive bayes TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +intuitive user interface TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.10 0.08 +question formulation assistance TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +syntactic feature TechTool 0.85 0.03 0.06 0.06 +phone-modelling TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.09 +knowledge-based parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +phrase coreference resolution TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +np\/pp translation Linguistics 0.36 0.58 0.05 0.01 +similarity estimation DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.53 +human inter-coder reliability DSMMM 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.83 +known word segmentation TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.48 0.01 +tokenisation TechTool 0.44 0.21 0.27 0.09 +semantic constraint TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.21 0.04 +axioms Linguistics 0.13 0.53 0.25 0.09 +care TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.26 0.09 +parameter tying TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.21 0.04 +speech recogntion TechTool 0.45 0.27 0.14 0.14 +text chunking problem other 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.00 +matrix factorisation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.03 0.10 +general-purpose chunking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +grammatical category Linguistics 0.02 0.79 0.13 0.06 +recall evaluation DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +gemini parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +biterm model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.95 +morphosyntax TechTool 0.44 0.21 0.27 0.09 +assisted learning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +purposive discourse Linguistics 0.02 0.59 0.38 0.00 +checker TechTool 0.43 0.12 0.38 0.07 +assessing mutual knowledge DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.13 0.45 +macro-noun phrase Linguistics 0.17 0.76 0.00 0.07 +hpsg principle TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.05 0.05 +free text other 0.43 0.06 0.52 0.00 +d-tree DSMMM 0.15 0.06 0.02 0.76 +tag reduction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +association table DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.66 +full parsing \ TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.02 +computation model DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.81 +term alignment and extraction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +object disambiguation TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.01 +engineering\/configuration management TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.00 +linguistic features other 0.01 0.11 0.73 0.15 +television Linguistics 0.22 0.48 0.22 0.08 +data estimation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +information retrieval and extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +query expansion and translation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.04 0.05 +alignment computation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +conceptual interlingua TechTool 0.43 0.43 0.04 0.10 +browser TechTool 0.54 0.16 0.26 0.04 +noun knowledge base Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.05 0.01 +presupposition detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +structured feature TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.37 0.02 +string addition TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.26 0.05 +cross language retrieval TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +attention shift mechanism other 0.09 0.00 0.79 0.12 +best-first generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text retrieval method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +dialogue patterns DSMMM 0.02 0.05 0.27 0.67 +subsyllabic structure Linguistics 0.19 0.32 0.32 0.17 +notational brevity TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.12 +ibm speech recognition TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.02 +grammatical agreement DSMMM 0.00 0.30 0.11 0.60 +phoneme-based speech recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +classification criterion TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +k-nn method TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +machine translation performance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.96 +gemini nlp system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +stochastic approximation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +language learn experiment other 0.18 0.00 0.70 0.12 +mandarin chinese \ Linguistics 0.31 0.67 0.00 0.02 +single-view bootstrapping TechTool 0.92 0.08 0.00 0.00 +branch algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +controlled parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.02 +text meaning Linguistics 0.02 0.88 0.11 0.00 +tree construction DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.05 0.58 +type similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.15 0.84 +probabilistic analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +neighbor graph TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.03 0.34 +topic expansion TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.07 +data reuse TechTool 0.42 0.05 0.21 0.32 +action item other 0.24 0.01 0.75 0.00 +error-correction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.10 +optimisation problem other 0.22 0.00 0.78 0.00 +context-based word-error correction TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.20 +tsr tree DSMMM 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.82 +lexical classification TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.06 0.00 +synthetic speech other 0.10 0.16 0.68 0.05 +lint structure unification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.02 +umls specialist lexicon Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.01 0.01 +string searching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +stylistic variation other 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.43 +role selection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +transformational part-of-speech tagger TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +multi-stack search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +ambiguity type other 0.18 0.00 0.78 0.04 +penn tree-bank Linguistics 0.09 0.79 0.02 0.10 +approximate relation matching TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.03 0.29 +de-inflection Linguistics 0.16 0.80 0.00 0.04 +sequence segmentation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.15 0.00 +id3 algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sentence compression problem other 0.26 0.00 0.62 0.12 +domain communication knowledge other 0.04 0.00 0.96 0.00 +denotational variation DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.46 0.53 +chinese information processing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +pattern generalisation and scoring TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.11 0.20 +predictive information other 0.12 0.00 0.87 0.01 +submanifold TechTool 0.51 0.11 0.13 0.25 +bitext map DSMMM 0.03 0.21 0.03 0.73 +verb group identification TechTool 0.68 0.23 0.09 0.00 +collocation Linguistics 0.18 0.51 0.24 0.07 +linguistic TechTool 0.62 0.12 0.08 0.18 +arc-eager parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +complex mixed initiative dialogue TechTool 0.84 0.08 0.07 0.00 +top-down refinement TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.06 0.11 +large speech corpora Linguistics 0.11 0.87 0.01 0.00 +collocation identification and extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +breadth-first parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +dative restructuring TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.02 0.00 +psychological research other 0.03 0.33 0.65 0.00 +search time DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.10 0.75 +europarl corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +manual sense disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +news story segmentation Linguistics 0.27 0.64 0.09 0.00 +order transformation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +text engineering TechTool 0.76 0.19 0.05 0.00 +deterministic data-driven dependency parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +prosodic pattern detection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.06 +translation equivalence DSMMM 0.04 0.03 0.38 0.55 +verbal modifier Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.10 0.02 +n-gram-based completion TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.03 0.26 +unigram scoring DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +viterbi alignment TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +question\/answer process other 0.02 0.00 0.93 0.04 +pushdown store automata TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.04 0.14 +terminology \ Linguistics 0.25 0.70 0.01 0.03 +site selection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +video index TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.11 0.07 +classifler reflning TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +hidden markov model DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.82 +inferential ability other 0.09 0.00 0.85 0.05 +perceptron training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +style trigram model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +clustering-level accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +human checking TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.05 0.22 +sequential parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +multi-level learning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +arabic\/english transliteration TechTool 0.45 0.41 0.13 0.01 +assembly language Linguistics 0.36 0.56 0.05 0.03 +stochastic context-free grammars TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +speech act processing TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.00 +statistical language modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +location analysis TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.27 0.00 +tree substitution TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +text information other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.00 +lexical entailment other 0.15 0.14 0.70 0.01 +similarity table DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.55 +structure matching TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.15 +non-statistical indexing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +rules DSMMM 0.04 0.14 0.21 0.60 +interactive online classroom TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +large corpus Linguistics 0.13 0.86 0.00 0.00 +chinese word-segmentation TechTool 0.78 0.19 0.01 0.02 +document type definitions Linguistics 0.12 0.47 0.40 0.01 +tipster joint venture corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.01 +aggregation mechanism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +sentence alignment task TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.14 0.04 +manner-class information other 0.23 0.00 0.74 0.03 +joint training TechTool 0.61 0.30 0.01 0.08 +winnows TechTool 0.52 0.09 0.31 0.08 +conjunct identification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +identifyingsimilartext acrossmultilingual corpora Linguistics 0.07 0.67 0.11 0.14 +pattern production TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.16 0.04 +pennsylvania treebank Linguistics 0.13 0.84 0.03 0.00 +k-nn estimation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +japanese-to-english semantic transfer dictionary TechTool 0.73 0.25 0.00 0.01 +oltline parsing TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.09 0.10 +tipster collection other 0.06 0.38 0.56 0.00 +word boundary identification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +ltag supertag set other 0.34 0.15 0.49 0.02 +ngram TechTool 0.49 0.11 0.26 0.14 +statistical training TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +discourse-level understanding TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.05 0.05 +text-based input other 0.34 0.05 0.60 0.01 +topiccategory TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +lexical and syntactic feature other 0.27 0.03 0.69 0.01 +compiler construction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +human name recognition TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.04 0.00 +retrieval track TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +naive back-off algorithm TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +logical language Linguistics 0.35 0.48 0.07 0.10 +propbank parsing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +dutch literature Linguistics 0.00 0.54 0.46 0.00 +statistical language model DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.79 +word sequence length DSMMM 0.00 0.18 0.35 0.47 +proof assistant TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +compositional translation estimation TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.00 0.05 +indirect evaluation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.07 0.18 +noise model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +hyperarticulation TechTool 0.46 0.08 0.09 0.37 +named-entity recognizer TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.01 +conceptual hierarchy DSMMM 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.91 +word list modification Linguistics 0.23 0.40 0.28 0.09 +word-processing software TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.00 +proof net TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.02 +mission planning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +part-of-speech recognition TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.03 0.00 +linear derivation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +text-phoneme conversion TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +server-side script TechTool 0.64 0.23 0.11 0.01 +infixation TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +compositional phrase Linguistics 0.28 0.68 0.00 0.04 +systemic classification TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +greedy decoding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +instance selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +argumentation mark-up TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.02 0.01 +co-operative interaction other 0.43 0.00 0.56 0.00 +morpho-lexical probabilities DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.37 0.60 +chinese electronic dictionary construction system TechTool 0.59 0.40 0.00 0.01 +digraph theory Linguistics 0.05 0.54 0.40 0.01 +classical supervised machine learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +dl learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +object case relation other 0.01 0.01 0.57 0.41 +japanese information retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +elliptical expression DSMMM 0.17 0.08 0.15 0.59 +discourse comprehension TechTool 0.74 0.07 0.18 0.01 +role determination TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +active learning algorithm TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +computer-generated test TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.06 0.07 +medical named-entity recognition TechTool 0.55 0.43 0.02 0.00 +spoken language applications TechTool 0.64 0.07 0.29 0.00 +computer training TechTool 0.72 0.23 0.02 0.03 +written communication other 0.43 0.00 0.57 0.00 +atms-style parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +video-conferencing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +personality classification performance DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.93 +natural language database TechTool 0.56 0.25 0.18 0.00 +edit-distance technique TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.01 0.36 +statistical modelling paradigm TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +probability grouping DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.91 +caption generation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +english-japanese translation process other 0.18 0.15 0.64 0.03 +clause alignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +gene name normalization TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.02 0.04 +content selection model TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.48 +expository convenience TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.00 +semantic processor TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.01 0.04 +inductive decision tree learn TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +incremental feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +wordnet usability Linguistics 0.00 0.79 0.17 0.03 +phonological modification TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +data sparsity other 0.01 0.06 0.55 0.39 +grammar traversal TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.06 0.18 +machine translation task other 0.36 0.00 0.63 0.01 +computational discourse research other 0.14 0.07 0.79 0.00 +possessional modifier Linguistics 0.00 0.78 0.09 0.13 +clause comparison TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +constraint-based phonology TechTool 0.80 0.04 0.01 0.14 +fluent phrasing other 0.16 0.01 0.82 0.01 +text-independent speaker verification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +broad coverage parser TechTool 0.70 0.21 0.01 0.08 +clinical management TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.02 0.00 +nominal modification TechTool 0.47 0.40 0.12 0.00 +limiteddomain speech recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +empty path TechTool 0.55 0.27 0.06 0.12 +reduced conjunction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +right-to-left decoding method TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +function composition DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.11 0.57 +perceptron TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +interactive question answering TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +schema tree DSMMM 0.42 0.01 0.00 0.57 +incremental linear deduction method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +non-coastituent coordination other 0.40 0.01 0.58 0.00 +pruning confidence DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.57 +stepped-level interactive machine translation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.01 +phrase referent Linguistics 0.14 0.83 0.01 0.01 +terminological research other 0.23 0.11 0.66 0.00 +109-speaker training set other 0.27 0.19 0.51 0.03 +co-occurrence-based classification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.09 +n-gram match DSMMM 0.18 0.01 0.01 0.80 +dictionary creation TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +argumentation theory other 0.10 0.12 0.78 0.00 +Head Grammars TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.03 0.03 +recursive clause TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +ptb parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +attachment resolution TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +pattern matching and deduction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.09 0.03 +open-text disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.00 +split-and-translate quality DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.92 +confidence calculation DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.01 0.64 +conditional model DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.77 +speech retrieval TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +inflected surface form other 0.01 0.11 0.79 0.10 +augmented phrase TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +nearest-neighbor clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phone-based model DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.80 +backwardchaining TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +active constraint TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.00 +itg decoding TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.19 +sentence recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +word vector weighting TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +cumputatioual morphology Linguistics 0.11 0.49 0.27 0.13 +iterative process other 0.31 0.00 0.69 0.00 +knowledge analysis TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.42 0.00 +10-word windowing TechTool 0.85 0.04 0.02 0.09 +hmm induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +kas search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +keyword-driven speech recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +pattern representation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.02 0.41 +assignment method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +network generation mechanism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +hierarchy DSMMM 0.14 0.20 0.31 0.36 +significance score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 +phonetic alignment algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +source-to-target word transliteration TechTool 0.58 0.41 0.01 0.01 +japanese-english transliteration TechTool 0.56 0.43 0.01 0.01 +class-based estimation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +candidate classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.03 +classification-based generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +statistical sequence TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.25 0.00 +topic signature acquisition TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.05 0.00 +corpus model DSMMM 0.00 0.38 0.00 0.61 +speaker recognition TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +part-of-speech tagger \ TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.00 0.00 +nacsis test collection Linguistics 0.05 0.88 0.05 0.03 +action detection and tracking TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +svm-tok tokenizer TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tease acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +quantitative information other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.01 +tree homomorphism DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.89 +paragraph mapping other 0.46 0.00 0.49 0.06 +category assignment TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.17 0.04 +dictionary rule TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.02 0.02 +word-senses Linguistics 0.06 0.91 0.01 0.02 +corpus-based natural language understanding technique TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +response generation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.01 +typicality distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.95 +cross-field bootstrapping TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +lexicon-extraction TechTool 0.85 0.15 0.00 0.01 +person name disambiguation TechTool 0.66 0.32 0.02 0.00 +one-pass identification\/classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +programming language theory TechTool 0.48 0.02 0.47 0.04 +vnsa learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +style detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +hmm-based speech recognizer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +statistical language modelling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +interpreter TechTool 0.42 0.18 0.35 0.05 +speech api TechTool 0.81 0.12 0.03 0.04 +u transfer TechTool 0.71 0.05 0.24 0.01 +prosodic assignment TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +information research other 0.06 0.00 0.93 0.00 +two-phase alignment TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +sentence retrieval TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +text visualization TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.00 +incremental parsing method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +maximum likelihood segmentation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +memory search TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.04 0.11 +timex recognition task TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +feature weighting TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +broad-coverage sense tagging TechTool 0.62 0.35 0.02 0.01 +rhetorical structure tree DSMMM 0.03 0.28 0.04 0.65 +hypernym classification TechTool 0.73 0.24 0.00 0.03 +french translation Linguistics 0.04 0.95 0.01 0.00 +incremental plan recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +speech recognition benchmark TechTool 0.71 0.22 0.06 0.01 +word learning TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.05 0.01 +model induction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +two-step cluster process other 0.28 0.00 0.72 0.00 +corpus datum Linguistics 0.01 0.91 0.01 0.06 +why-question other 0.02 0.08 0.75 0.15 +context construction TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +dialogue grammar TechTool 0.46 0.38 0.03 0.13 +preposition classifier TechTool 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.00 +schema TechTool 0.39 0.19 0.23 0.18 +extralinguistic reality Linguistics 0.09 0.40 0.34 0.16 +duration information other 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.18 +pronoun generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +semantic treebank Linguistics 0.13 0.80 0.04 0.03 +lexical analysis TechTool 0.71 0.06 0.22 0.00 +dialogue service TechTool 0.79 0.07 0.12 0.02 +semantic inference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +edge matching TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +viterbi TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +bottom-up shift-reduce parsing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.02 0.12 +idiomatic expression DSMMM 0.02 0.45 0.03 0.50 +nlp systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +generalisation accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +semantic web applications other 0.20 0.16 0.63 0.02 +textual metadata other 0.36 0.03 0.60 0.01 +information searching TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +semantic relation analysis TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.01 +one sense per collocation observation Linguistics 0.21 0.74 0.04 0.01 +ontology integration TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +linear space TechTool 0.39 0.00 0.24 0.37 +punctuation generation and capitalization TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +computational research other 0.25 0.02 0.74 0.00 +binomial test DSMMM 0.02 0.41 0.00 0.57 +answer caching DSMMM 0.21 0.05 0.29 0.45 +speech indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +verbal root Linguistics 0.00 0.59 0.41 0.00 +special grammar usage TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.00 +clue alignment TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.07 0.01 +modeling decision TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +semantic feature dictionary Linguistics 0.29 0.68 0.01 0.03 +complete graph TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.05 0.41 +language understanding \ TechTool 0.88 0.07 0.01 0.04 +inheritance mechanism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +theory-based translation TechTool 0.86 0.09 0.04 0.02 +sequence database TechTool 0.35 0.32 0.34 0.00 +unit graph DSMMM 0.22 0.03 0.03 0.73 +semi-supervised information extraction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +automatic language identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +layer training TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.02 +dictionary-definition Linguistics 0.35 0.58 0.00 0.07 +language communication other 0.15 0.00 0.85 0.00 +antecedent identification TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +indicator morpheme DSMMM 0.19 0.37 0.03 0.42 +constraint-solving TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +machine translation \ TechTool 0.81 0.15 0.00 0.04 +endangered language data Linguistics 0.01 0.55 0.33 0.11 +name detection TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +lexicon learning Linguistics 0.43 0.55 0.02 0.00 +argument graph DSMMM 0.04 0.31 0.12 0.53 +dcg grammar formalism TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.02 +festival speech synthesizer TechTool 0.54 0.05 0.41 0.00 +multiple-term frequency calculation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.01 0.24 +language labeling TechTool 0.79 0.14 0.06 0.01 +french text Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.04 0.00 +February '92 test sentences Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.00 +ambiguity handling TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +digit recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +korean partof-speech Linguistics 0.09 0.83 0.06 0.02 +reference tracking TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +hybrid clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +bilingual mutual information clustering TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.34 +template reasoning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +np generation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +coindexation recovery TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +automatic switching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +linguistic tree DSMMM 0.02 0.10 0.03 0.85 +Korean phonological knowledge base system Linguistics 0.20 0.77 0.02 0.00 +lexical structure Linguistics 0.04 0.62 0.33 0.00 +language detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +bidirectional grammar design TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +treebank wsj corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.04 +suffix truncation Linguistics 0.16 0.76 0.05 0.03 +corpus building TechTool 0.59 0.39 0.00 0.02 +clitic pronoun Linguistics 0.18 0.71 0.11 0.00 +training material Linguistics 0.05 0.64 0.30 0.00 +tile parsing process other 0.26 0.00 0.73 0.02 +dimension reduction DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.38 0.44 +fuzzy logic TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +glass-box smoothing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +head sorting other 0.44 0.00 0.54 0.02 +maxent classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +automatic correction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +surface pattern DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.43 0.49 +sentence-ordering TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +genia corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.02 +penman sentence generator TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.02 +classification trees TechTool 0.56 0.16 0.01 0.28 +syntactic parser TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +wall street journal text Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.03 0.01 +pdt learning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +dependency tree DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.95 +machine reasoning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +slot expansion TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +dialogue act annotation other 0.49 0.02 0.49 0.00 +conditional probability model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +non-verbal modality other 0.07 0.05 0.87 0.01 +viterbi-style approximation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.10 0.21 +tract model DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.89 +mixture modelling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +tile chunker TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +backoff language model DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.89 +constituent structure \ Linguistics 0.44 0.53 0.01 0.03 +translation quality DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.97 +inventory management TechTool 0.72 0.28 0.00 0.00 +type lattice TechTool 0.36 0.01 0.35 0.29 +treetransformation TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.17 0.04 +multimodal interactive disambiguation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +dictionary search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +pronoun resolution TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +topical analysis TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.01 +semantic dialogue other 0.14 0.41 0.42 0.03 +rate reduction DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.90 +pattern recognition system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +one-pass decoding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +english-japanese translation TechTool 0.62 0.37 0.00 0.01 +guided assembly TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +text understanding system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +answer construction other 0.26 0.00 0.46 0.28 +lexieal information other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.01 +multilingual generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +vpe resolution TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +statistical text categorization TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +visually-grounded language learning TechTool 0.62 0.03 0.29 0.06 +centroid method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +unsupervised parameter estimation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +neural learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cluster membership granularity DSMMM 0.03 0.09 0.33 0.55 +customizable information extraction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.01 +prioritization TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.10 0.13 +mt technology TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +scientific discovery TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.12 0.00 +gender discrimination TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.01 +verb groups Linguistics 0.00 0.78 0.22 0.00 +intractability other 0.08 0.11 0.58 0.23 +algebraic characterization TechTool 0.56 0.05 0.30 0.09 +automatic compilation procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +goal-directed bottom-up processing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.00 0.01 +normalization model DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +framenet corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +multi-word expression extraction TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.01 0.03 +stem Linguistics 0.06 0.60 0.18 0.15 +local phrase extraction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +lcs composition DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +spoken-language system TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +head-driven parsing \ TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +umls TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +large feature space TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.18 0.04 +semantic processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +noun phrase bracketing Linguistics 0.33 0.51 0.00 0.16 +anaphora resolution TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +word classes Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.05 0.07 +messaging Linguistics 0.37 0.40 0.19 0.04 +reranking task other 0.36 0.00 0.63 0.00 +relevance extraction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +broad-coverage parsing TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.01 0.05 +network representation TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +word sense discrimination TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.04 0.02 +dutch letter-phoneme conversion TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.15 0.00 +computing infrastructure TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +speech recognizer performance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 +arabic orthography Linguistics 0.06 0.68 0.26 0.00 +plural formation TechTool 0.66 0.25 0.09 0.00 +link prediction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.02 0.12 +propogation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +optical storage TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +blue book corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +nonverbal behavior other 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.15 +dynamic programming algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language generator TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.01 0.02 +belief modelling TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.02 +lauguage processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +on-line dialogue TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.07 0.11 +language typology other 0.07 0.23 0.61 0.09 +cumputer TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +n-gram text categorisation TechTool 0.49 0.20 0.20 0.10 +feature selection algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +opinion detection TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.05 0.00 +path searching TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +omega ontology Linguistics 0.26 0.67 0.04 0.03 +sphinx ii speech recognizer TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +np realization TechTool 0.51 0.27 0.09 0.13 +table interpretation other 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.47 +scoring dependency structure DSMMM 0.25 0.02 0.01 0.71 +sentence splitting quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +morphology tool Linguistics 0.33 0.38 0.29 0.00 +xtag TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +atng-based analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +benefactive alternation other 0.26 0.03 0.71 0.00 +lrc algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automated ontology alignment TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +word recognition output other 0.09 0.00 0.86 0.04 +np chunking TechTool 0.79 0.21 0.00 0.00 +rule-learning approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +garbage text identification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +ai planning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +syntax correction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.01 +naive bayes system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sentence processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +phonological rule TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.01 +expression generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +ambiguous reasoning TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +modeling discourse TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.16 0.00 +patr formalism TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +neural-net\/expert-system TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.01 +collocational substring Linguistics 0.36 0.47 0.06 0.10 +natural language inference TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +metaphoric language Linguistics 0.06 0.80 0.11 0.02 +redundancy detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +mulrinomial distribution DSMMM 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.40 +linguistic modelling TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.03 0.03 +benchmark ontology Linguistics 0.29 0.66 0.03 0.01 +automatic constituent analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +automatic closed caption alignment technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +surface syntactic structure other 0.10 0.15 0.46 0.29 +context-sensitive inference TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +video mail TechTool 0.74 0.14 0.13 0.00 +structure inheritance TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.05 +similarity definition DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.91 +speech acts other 0.00 0.17 0.83 0.00 +rule ordering TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +randomized selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +d-theory Linguistics 0.24 0.47 0.27 0.02 +low-level feature detection TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +japanese dialogue analysis TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.05 0.01 +binary tree DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.03 0.55 +neighborhood pruning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +empty node restoration TechTool 0.70 0.16 0.11 0.02 +multiple document summarization TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +parsing-based ne rule TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +corpus-based language modeling TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.00 0.06 +language representation and processing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.03 +phrase break DSMMM 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.85 +statistical approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +loco c model re-estimation TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.02 0.28 +syntactic processor TechTool 0.73 0.26 0.00 0.01 +sub-network TechTool 0.47 0.07 0.15 0.31 +parser module TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +generation function TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +rewrite-rule rule-compilation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +rule-based approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +summarization systems TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +grammatical coverage Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.01 0.47 +information control other 0.07 0.00 0.90 0.03 +type subsumption hierarchy DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.38 0.51 +order identification problem other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +large vocabulary speech Linguistics 0.01 0.67 0.31 0.02 +extended wordnet project TechTool 0.62 0.31 0.07 0.00 +user utterances Linguistics 0.00 0.56 0.43 0.01 +word-based 5gram language model DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.91 +context-free language parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +semantic filter TechTool 0.66 0.02 0.17 0.15 +me modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +finite state transducers TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.15 0.00 +plr parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +l.exicai-fuuctional grammar TechTool 0.69 0.22 0.08 0.01 +bilingual knowledge bank Linguistics 0.06 0.86 0.07 0.00 +morphological analyser TechTool 0.74 0.04 0.22 0.00 +inductive generalisation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +chinese-to-english smt model DSMMM 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.72 +speech corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.01 0.08 +constraint satisfaction TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.01 0.39 +speaker ' gaze information other 0.00 0.01 0.99 0.00 +modeling vagueness TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +likelihood estimation DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.58 +mt architecture TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sentence detection method TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +collins-based acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +combing unstructured text Linguistics 0.29 0.48 0.23 0.00 +construction determinization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +morpheme decomposition TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.06 0.13 +chart parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +high-frequency word DSMMM 0.09 0.24 0.00 0.67 +small-sized training TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.01 +idiomaticity TechTool 0.58 0.08 0.25 0.10 +sentence translation rule TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.10 0.28 +chinese web Linguistics 0.01 0.87 0.02 0.10 +sense linking TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.01 +task-oriented and goal-directed dialogs other 0.20 0.01 0.79 0.00 +pattern-matching technique TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +noun complements Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.00 +inter-reviewer agreement DSMMM 0.06 0.13 0.19 0.62 +conceptual knowledge other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.01 +google search engine TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +entailment modeling TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +hierarchical bayesian n-gram model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.94 +collocationextraction TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +phrase resolution TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +natural-language text Linguistics 0.30 0.51 0.19 0.00 +rhetorical status Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.43 0.03 +thai synthesis system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.04 0.00 +content structuring TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +metaphor processing information other 0.39 0.00 0.60 0.00 +inference component TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +english term constituent Linguistics 0.01 0.65 0.03 0.32 +scoring scheme TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +automatic corpus analysis TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +polynomial-time search TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +grammar calculus TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.00 +inforrnation retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +k-nn classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +scientific computing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +conversational language modeling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +syntactic rule TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +watermark TechTool 0.48 0.12 0.21 0.19 +correct translation rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.90 +network activity DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.08 0.70 +yarowsky algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +chinese unknown word extraction TechTool 0.71 0.26 0.01 0.02 +information filter other 0.14 0.00 0.84 0.02 +av extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +alignment loss function TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.01 0.46 +category description language Linguistics 0.05 0.65 0.18 0.11 +derivations other 0.25 0.06 0.36 0.33 +complexity analysis other 0.32 0.00 0.46 0.21 +text phrase Linguistics 0.06 0.92 0.01 0.01 +dacluster TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +frame instantiation TechTool 0.87 0.10 0.00 0.02 +forward pass DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.75 +hmm path TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.45 +memory-based sequence learning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.01 +sense disaznbiguation TechTool 0.70 0.13 0.08 0.09 +lexical error recovery TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.01 +phrasal position other 0.00 0.18 0.59 0.23 +prosody prediction TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.07 0.18 +clause splitting tool TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +code optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +modern cantonese Linguistics 0.06 0.79 0.14 0.00 +qlf resolution TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +hierarchical smoothing procedure TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +natural-language understanding TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +svm-light-tk software TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +culture other 0.15 0.26 0.38 0.22 +exercise generation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +nominal phrase Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.01 +key term extraction TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.00 0.07 +mle thresholding TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +statistical topic classification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +summary creation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.02 +full regression TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +bilingual concordancer Linguistics 0.44 0.52 0.01 0.02 +annotation inconsistency TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.48 0.02 +gene expression programming TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.20 0.05 +inverse document frequency DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.95 +acoustic modelling TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.05 0.38 +eisner algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +synthetic combination generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +mutual information score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +openccg realizer TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.04 0.02 +circuit repair TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +partial path feature TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.05 0.40 +software engineering TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +machine translation framework TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +phonotactic automata TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.06 0.05 +pronunciation determination TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +databases TechTool 0.42 0.38 0.14 0.06 +transition probabilities DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.95 +sentence-based alignment TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +feature expansion TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +classification-based representation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +understanding component TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.00 +social network DSMMM 0.04 0.10 0.06 0.80 +database engineering TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.03 0.00 +multiword lexical unit identification TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.21 0.00 +noisychannel modeling TechTool 0.55 0.19 0.16 0.10 +automated information extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +dependency phonology Linguistics 0.02 0.60 0.02 0.36 +document creation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +permutation tree DSMMM 0.13 0.02 0.05 0.80 +word-classification TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.03 +phrase\/rule extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +translation lexicon extraction TechTool 0.68 0.30 0.00 0.01 +verb inflection Linguistics 0.01 0.85 0.14 0.00 +argument-value selection TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.12 +translingual distributional word clustering TechTool 0.69 0.14 0.00 0.16 +nyu proteus project TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.28 0.00 +identification\/classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +recognition phase other 0.36 0.00 0.64 0.00 +explicit frequency DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.25 0.70 +diagnostic procedure TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +corpus benchmark tool Linguistics 0.25 0.74 0.02 0.00 +phonetic search TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.06 0.09 +domain kernels TechTool 0.57 0.14 0.02 0.27 +contextual features other 0.11 0.01 0.66 0.21 +greedy segmenter TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +transposition other 0.29 0.19 0.44 0.09 +speaker-adaptive speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +acoustic sentence segmentation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.04 0.27 +relative feature focus other 0.04 0.12 0.73 0.11 +componential analysis TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.10 0.01 +subject recognition other 0.38 0.03 0.58 0.00 +keyword extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +topic recognition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +syntactic structure analysis TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.01 +cyrillic script TechTool 0.67 0.17 0.13 0.02 +uniform scoring TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +spotter TechTool 0.54 0.13 0.29 0.04 +mtu n-gram model DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.97 +code instrumentation TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.01 0.03 +ppcfg TechTool 0.46 0.09 0.12 0.33 +lexicon description Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.04 0.03 +tabular context-free recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +incremental compilation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +rescoring TechTool 0.61 0.10 0.14 0.15 +relation classification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +non-application-specific corpus Linguistics 0.30 0.62 0.05 0.02 +gesture composition and decomposition TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.45 0.06 +simulation-based language understanding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +fuzzy syllogism TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.05 0.17 +tf \* idf TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +revision-based generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +temporal relations other 0.01 0.00 0.99 0.00 +database management systems TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +human-human dialog other 0.29 0.16 0.53 0.01 +discriminative classification technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +example-based reasoning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +parser improvement TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.34 +word-by-word basis Linguistics 0.04 0.67 0.01 0.28 +lexical polysemy other 0.00 0.27 0.72 0.00 +japanese-japanese ir TechTool 0.88 0.12 0.00 0.00 +finite automata TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +document rceognition TechTool 0.66 0.20 0.08 0.06 +term distillation DSMMM 0.11 0.12 0.03 0.74 +context modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +class membership Linguistics 0.25 0.52 0.06 0.16 +administrative terminology Linguistics 0.01 0.63 0.36 0.00 +cross-language information retrieval TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.03 +automatic rule-learuing procedure TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +maximal matching TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +news summarization Linguistics 0.25 0.74 0.01 0.00 +hill climber TechTool 0.64 0.14 0.13 0.09 +s-stemmer algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +finite state composition other 0.46 0.01 0.52 0.01 +relation extracting TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.02 +codebook adaptation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +web research other 0.01 0.40 0.58 0.00 +coherence resolution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +hybrid representation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +maximum entropy system TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +word sense translation Linguistics 0.43 0.53 0.03 0.01 +decision-based learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multimedia document generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +context-dependent information other 0.19 0.01 0.77 0.02 +inference framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +personal name Linguistics 0.03 0.92 0.05 0.00 +language wderstanding TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +shallow text processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +udp packet-loss DSMMM 0.40 0.05 0.01 0.54 +rule-based post-processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +bigram acquisition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +substring table other 0.00 0.04 0.51 0.45 +auto-assignment function TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.04 0.02 +artificial neural networks TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.00 0.08 +concept validation TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +maximum-entropy modeling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +dialogue decision process other 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.00 +bootstrapping TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +best-first strategy TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +computer programming TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +chinese natural language processing TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +raw text other 0.02 0.43 0.55 0.01 +binary features other 0.28 0.00 0.69 0.02 +grammar organization TechTool 0.48 0.02 0.09 0.42 +svm-based system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +incremental parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cyber space other 0.01 0.00 0.53 0.45 +story boundary prediction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.03 +space grammar TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.05 0.39 +processing time TechTool 0.46 0.00 0.29 0.25 +web spider Linguistics 0.05 0.74 0.10 0.11 +sense information other 0.04 0.02 0.94 0.00 +localized processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +level ordering other 0.10 0.00 0.75 0.15 +syntactic testing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +refining technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +chinese dependency parsing TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.00 0.12 +acoustic-to-lexical mapping TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.11 0.04 +reference answer other 0.02 0.22 0.61 0.15 +dictionaries Linguistics 0.14 0.59 0.18 0.09 +feature ranking and weighting TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +ambiguous transducer TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.01 +polynomial time generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +statistical nlp TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +name-name coreference TechTool 0.58 0.40 0.00 0.02 +semantic feature structure TechTool 0.65 0.03 0.10 0.22 +online travel planning TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +glossary extraction TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +sentence alignmelit TechTool 0.52 0.02 0.09 0.37 +manual treebank annotation TechTool 0.66 0.30 0.05 0.00 +phrase-representation TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.00 0.28 +language database interface TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.15 0.02 +supervised metonymy recognition TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +clir method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information flow other 0.08 0.00 0.90 0.02 +grid representation TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.04 0.14 +tool development TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +dynamic programming estimation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +standard decision tree TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.02 0.16 +grammar training and parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +lexical cohesion other 0.25 0.01 0.74 0.00 +word-based word-formation TechTool 0.71 0.13 0.02 0.14 +category-learning TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.01 +auto-tutor TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.19 0.00 +russian-english translation Linguistics 0.38 0.61 0.00 0.00 +hierarchical strategy TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +disjunctive feature TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +common noun coreference TechTool 0.65 0.34 0.01 0.00 +proposition bank Linguistics 0.02 0.86 0.05 0.06 +cross-document coreference analysis TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +lexical item encoding TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.00 +obliqueness hierarchy DSMMM 0.03 0.13 0.07 0.77 +common name extraction TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.00 +likelihood estimator DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +dynamic bayesian networks TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +suboptimal search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +probabihstic tagging TechTool 0.46 0.28 0.17 0.09 +grid computation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.09 0.15 +synthesizer TechTool 0.49 0.14 0.33 0.04 +activity creation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +http post other 0.00 0.03 0.97 0.00 +traditional document retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +co-occurrence filtering TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.13 +dependency-based parse accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.97 +speaker attitude other 0.00 0.04 0.90 0.05 +relation determination TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.24 0.02 +presuppositions Linguistics 0.22 0.37 0.18 0.22 +web site Linguistics 0.00 0.64 0.26 0.09 +strategy learning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +spokenlanguage understanding TechTool 0.60 0.16 0.09 0.15 +grammatical form Linguistics 0.04 0.73 0.22 0.02 +nlp-based electronic clinical monitoring system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +english phrasing other 0.05 0.04 0.89 0.02 +rst computing TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +bilingual clustering TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.00 0.04 +top-down automatic word-classification algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +statistical japanese dependency parser TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +indexation algorithm and framework TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +dependency parser TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +associated event information other 0.02 0.21 0.77 0.00 +modelling TechTool 0.55 0.09 0.29 0.07 +voice recognition TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +converstional speech Linguistics 0.11 0.47 0.35 0.06 +minimal recursion semantics TechTool 0.73 0.22 0.01 0.04 +term variation management TechTool 0.51 0.01 0.02 0.46 +feature structure representation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.02 0.23 +wordsense discrimination TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.02 +high-level ontology TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.01 0.13 +Spanish Linguistics 0.09 0.77 0.08 0.07 +validation TechTool 0.52 0.08 0.32 0.08 +computational linguist other 0.40 0.03 0.52 0.05 +intonational phrase detection TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.00 0.15 +action representation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.20 0.04 +issue detection TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.00 +first order theory other 0.40 0.01 0.58 0.00 +danish translation Linguistics 0.38 0.60 0.02 0.00 +feature-value vector TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.00 0.45 +annotated surface structure other 0.08 0.31 0.50 0.11 +explanation generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +argument recognition TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +noise reduction unit DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.13 0.71 +categorisation TechTool 0.36 0.25 0.26 0.12 +sense disambiguation accuracy DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.92 +automatic role detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +k-medoid partitioning TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.07 0.01 +structure-learning TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +network encoding TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +feature types Linguistics 0.30 0.58 0.09 0.02 +natured language processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +semantic markedness TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.16 0.31 +paninian grammar framework TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.01 0.01 +computational phonology Linguistics 0.08 0.48 0.08 0.36 +wsj corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.07 +regular expression development TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.22 0.02 +coordination conjunction TechTool 0.54 0.44 0.02 0.00 +model checking DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +discourse analysis TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.10 0.00 +entity processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.02 +monological view other 0.01 0.42 0.50 0.08 +discourse information other 0.00 0.03 0.96 0.00 +corpus coverage and quality DSMMM 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.91 +companion parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +repetitive grouping TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.01 +ranking model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +tile translation TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.09 0.01 +coefficient DSMMM 0.24 0.10 0.16 0.51 +attribute identification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +document vectors DSMMM 0.34 0.06 0.00 0.60 +boolean lattice TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.22 +classifier training TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +markov window DSMMM 0.46 0.03 0.01 0.50 +outermost dependency TechTool 0.56 0.11 0.13 0.20 +herbrand interpretation TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.13 0.07 +constituency-based parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +caption alignment TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.01 0.04 +automatic segmentation model TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +ontology look-up TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +speaker-independent training TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.06 0.01 +thesaurus generation task TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +iterative language model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +parser recovery TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multigen summarization system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syntactic coherence TechTool 0.37 0.05 0.36 0.22 +discriminative parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +arpa atis corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.04 0.00 +semantic role system TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.09 0.00 +lnternet access TechTool 0.79 0.01 0.03 0.18 +rhetorical function Linguistics 0.03 0.67 0.26 0.04 +unweighted parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +uniform-cost search TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.26 +analysis model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +adaptive modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +twoqevel grammar interpretation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.06 +intelligent text processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +topicalized matrix subject Linguistics 0.03 0.60 0.37 0.00 +sentence generation model DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.58 +metonymy resolution TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +sense disarnbiguation TechTool 0.80 0.11 0.09 0.00 +language quantifier scope DSMMM 0.02 0.24 0.21 0.53 +multiset-ccg TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +speech annotation TechTool 0.79 0.06 0.13 0.02 +dependency-directed hacktracking \ TechTool 0.83 0.05 0.00 0.12 +machine learning algorithms TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +non-sequential classifier TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +disjunctive entry TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +dp matching TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +term normalization DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +conversation translation other 0.27 0.16 0.54 0.03 +domain-specific automatic term recognition TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +chinese question answering Linguistics 0.19 0.62 0.16 0.03 +surface word order other 0.01 0.01 0.81 0.17 +lvcsr system training TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +semantic agreement DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.82 +interstratal mapping TechTool 0.37 0.23 0.21 0.19 +language proccssing TechTool 0.61 0.14 0.12 0.14 +mapping function TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.47 0.01 +name entity recognition TechTool 0.85 0.07 0.05 0.03 +language pairs Linguistics 0.02 0.89 0.05 0.05 +model mixing TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.40 +intention-based segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +linguistic variation other 0.00 0.01 0.61 0.38 +phone recognizer TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +stochastic gradient optimization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +regular expression search TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.04 0.09 +cognitive perspective Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.46 0.01 +intellectual property other 0.11 0.26 0.45 0.18 +stress pattern DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.17 0.54 +head movement constraint other 0.47 0.01 0.50 0.03 +template creation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +semantic score function DSMMM 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.93 +phone classification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +japanese text generation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +discourse parameter other 0.15 0.04 0.77 0.04 +bayesian approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +factored modeling TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.11 0.04 +linear-time clustering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +propbank TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +voting mechanism TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tex t processing TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.08 0.00 +data preparation other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.01 +multi-stage lattice parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +relation identification TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +compound noun detection TechTool 0.53 0.46 0.00 0.01 +resonant tunneling TechTool 0.55 0.14 0.28 0.03 +term recognition system TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.00 0.08 +noun phrase segmentation TechTool 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.01 +unicode character set other 0.04 0.21 0.45 0.30 +two-level morphology model TechTool 0.47 0.01 0.12 0.40 +wsj development set other 0.04 0.33 0.57 0.06 +automatic semantic class prediction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.06 +corpus-based estimation TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.00 0.05 +dictionary-based method TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.00 0.08 +belief system TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +leave-one-out method TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.00 0.02 +knowledge acquisition process other 0.30 0.00 0.70 0.00 +subjectivity classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +senseval-3 training set other 0.01 0.28 0.67 0.04 +decision-tree learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +lexical head pruning TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +iso linguistic annotation TechTool 0.76 0.12 0.12 0.01 +word sense tagging TechTool 0.69 0.28 0.02 0.01 +text cohesion other 0.33 0.00 0.64 0.02 +sentence structure DSMMM 0.08 0.26 0.04 0.62 +non-em optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +ne-time tag TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.02 0.18 +scopal resolution TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +default sense selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +alignment task TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +verb group description Linguistics 0.01 0.71 0.27 0.00 +documentation production TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +word recurrence TechTool 0.48 0.14 0.16 0.22 +relevancy recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.04 +noun construction Linguistics 0.45 0.53 0.00 0.02 +projective parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +automatic concept acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +list construction other 0.39 0.10 0.50 0.01 +unique hash anagram TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.03 0.01 +decision tree representation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +query expansion TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +name resolution TechTool 0.69 0.31 0.00 0.00 +larnbek calculus TechTool 0.65 0.11 0.17 0.07 +compound disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +generic text summarization TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +best-first shift-reduce TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.04 0.05 +Markov probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +average retrieval times DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +unsupervised segmentation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +order similarity DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.16 0.80 +automatic discrimination TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +auxiliary verb system Linguistics 0.48 0.52 0.00 0.00 +termdiscovery TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +seed DSMMM 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.33 +njfun TechTool 0.66 0.10 0.13 0.11 +probabilistic spectral mapping TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +nal position other 0.00 0.09 0.85 0.06 +co-occurrence matching TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.13 +computer-assisted language learning TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.01 +modelling approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linguistic model adaptation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +guided search TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +translator other 0.24 0.11 0.61 0.04 +concept association TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +tag strategy TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +location description other 0.05 0.11 0.80 0.05 +syntax Linguistics 0.13 0.47 0.29 0.12 +acronym recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +word counting TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.01 0.23 +english ner TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +breadth-first search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +phonetic similarity model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.98 +matrix instantiation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +information extraction systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +global feature weighting TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.46 +language-based information other 0.20 0.01 0.70 0.09 +tiler other 0.39 0.18 0.39 0.04 +frequency distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +semantic reasoning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +island-based parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +czech national corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +synonymy resolution TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +truth maintenance TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.04 0.23 +appointment scheduling TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +quantifier scoping TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.00 0.04 +inside-outside expectation maximization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +mini-computer TechTool 0.79 0.06 0.08 0.07 +paraphrase representation TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.03 0.43 +spanish-to-english translation TechTool 0.69 0.30 0.00 0.01 +name translation Linguistics 0.38 0.60 0.01 0.01 +statistical dependency parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +chinese-english language pair Linguistics 0.29 0.53 0.04 0.13 +scheduling process other 0.17 0.00 0.83 0.00 +answer ranking DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.15 0.70 +segment contiguity other 0.10 0.02 0.71 0.17 +significance analysis TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.26 0.12 +inductive learning algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +artificial identity TechTool 0.58 0.15 0.14 0.12 +two-stages translation model TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.23 0.07 +blackboard-based parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +art extraction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +inheritance network representation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +problem-solving dialogue TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +head-oriented approach TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.00 +argument case-slot Linguistics 0.41 0.50 0.06 0.02 +dependency lattice DSMMM 0.11 0.02 0.01 0.86 +evaluation guideline DSMMM 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.83 +rule schema TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +french-to-english translation TechTool 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.01 +hybrid fsa-guided constraint processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +english alphabet-to-korean alphabet conversion TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.03 0.02 +label propagation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +functional programming language TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.02 0.02 +japanese handwriting Linguistics 0.14 0.74 0.11 0.01 +semantic query expansion TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.14 +semantic role labelling TechTool 0.61 0.07 0.32 0.01 +answer pattern acquisition TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.14 0.08 +image-based summarization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +string position evaluation other 0.17 0.04 0.62 0.17 +recognition network TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +speech synthesis literature other 0.00 0.45 0.54 0.00 +noun classification TechTool 0.55 0.45 0.00 0.01 +statistical patxem recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +term translation extraction TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.00 0.29 +k-fold cross-validation technique TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.02 0.01 +word-based compression TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.01 0.27 +modeling information-seeking TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +syntax-based machine translation TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.07 0.02 +configurational language Linguistics 0.06 0.80 0.11 0.03 +keyword-based information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +information management system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +context-based morphological disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +story generation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.01 +evaluation measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +document representation and retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.04 +grammar model DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.79 +mixed-initiative dialog TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.02 0.01 +backtransliterator TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +lmi lisp machine TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.06 +acquired sense rank other 0.23 0.00 0.40 0.37 +least-errors recognition other 0.39 0.01 0.60 0.01 +sentence-tree pair DSMMM 0.25 0.06 0.01 0.67 +low level recognition TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.05 0.07 +chinese corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +full natural language understanding TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.00 +content-oriented categorization TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.13 0.00 +unlabeled training set Linguistics 0.01 0.76 0.16 0.08 +pronoun interpretation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.01 +context free grammar TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.01 +contextual boundedness TechTool 0.67 0.05 0.14 0.14 +declarative approach TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +tree-treuis search TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +linguistic-rule induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +closed-loop learning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +left-right centering other 0.32 0.00 0.67 0.01 +attribute sequence other 0.24 0.07 0.68 0.01 +top-down derivation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.26 0.15 +language teaching TechTool 0.60 0.01 0.39 0.00 +model learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +statistical classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +thesaurus enrichment Linguistics 0.32 0.66 0.01 0.01 +subject field coder other 0.01 0.49 0.50 0.00 +ccgbank TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +bounded search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +unit separation distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +term discovery TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +orthographic mapping TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.01 +autosegmental theory other 0.06 0.43 0.50 0.02 +learning machine TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +non-determistic automaton TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.17 0.06 +candidate collocation Linguistics 0.04 0.61 0.00 0.34 +tense selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +character Linguistics 0.16 0.38 0.36 0.10 +translation training TechTool 0.63 0.30 0.05 0.03 +inference rule TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +translation pruning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +template matcher TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +greedy symbolic learning algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +empty node recovery TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.01 +part of speech other 0.02 0.19 0.79 0.01 +lexical association procedure TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +carmel-tools interpretation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +descriptor score DSMMM 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.89 +ontological structure TechTool 0.37 0.23 0.05 0.34 +text browser TechTool 0.69 0.04 0.27 0.00 +caseframe TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.14 0.12 +word model DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.96 +term-list translation Linguistics 0.37 0.51 0.02 0.10 +speech intention understanding TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.36 0.02 +word sentiment classifier Linguistics 0.48 0.49 0.01 0.02 +dom framework TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.01 0.01 +glr parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +category theory Linguistics 0.02 0.53 0.43 0.03 +unannotated text collection Linguistics 0.10 0.63 0.26 0.00 +training dataset Linguistics 0.16 0.80 0.01 0.03 +model parameter DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.81 +intra-subject correlation DSMMM 0.03 0.07 0.33 0.57 +lifer parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +meanings Linguistics 0.19 0.48 0.25 0.08 +query optimization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +data representation DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.06 0.64 +symbolics lisp TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.01 0.01 +information-gathering TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.19 0.02 +generation-based optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +recursive reference resolution TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +incremental refinement TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +question answering systems TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +vp deletion TechTool 0.85 0.09 0.06 0.00 +thread summarization TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.07 0.01 +database interface TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +selection method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +flash memory other 0.39 0.00 0.45 0.17 +morpho-syntactic parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +representation scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +apple pie parser TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +tiger annotation scheme TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.00 +approximation reranking TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.02 0.36 +crf estimation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +classificatio n other 0.05 0.44 0.48 0.02 +manual evaluation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +mean distance function DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +short query retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +tree-building TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.21 +speaker adaptation ( sa ) TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +condition probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.91 +sextant relation extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +phonetic association TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.02 0.36 +computational knowledge other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.00 +finite state other 0.37 0.02 0.61 0.00 +wordsmith tools TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.15 0.00 +corpus-based grammar Linguistics 0.28 0.61 0.00 0.11 +pattern learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +semi-supervised classication TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +subjective evaluation other 0.17 0.01 0.71 0.11 +case retrieval TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +subjective sentence classifier TechTool 0.86 0.03 0.06 0.05 +modeling coordination TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +root-node finding TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +multilevel bootstrapping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +msa treebank Linguistics 0.13 0.82 0.04 0.01 +unification systern TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +semi-supervised rating TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.02 0.02 +japanese-english sublanguage-based machine translation TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.00 0.01 +chunk parsing research TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.34 0.00 +human annotation TechTool 0.67 0.02 0.31 0.00 +root-finding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +prosodic phrase boundary TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.03 +tree anchoring DSMMM 0.29 0.04 0.07 0.60 +terminology retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.00 0.07 +phrase weighting TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +paraphrase recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +evaluation service TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +is-a taxonomy Linguistics 0.43 0.49 0.00 0.08 +cpa-derived featureset TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.24 0.02 +predictive answer indexer TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.41 0.09 +vocabulary agreement DSMMM 0.00 0.26 0.13 0.61 +fsm TechTool 0.78 0.07 0.07 0.08 +lexical specification other 0.23 0.16 0.61 0.00 +nmltilingual generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +language pedagogy Linguistics 0.24 0.31 0.27 0.19 +word query translation TechTool 0.64 0.19 0.04 0.13 +zipping compression TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.03 0.21 +temporal anaphora resolution TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +information possessor other 0.16 0.01 0.83 0.00 +transformation rule application TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +pmm model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.94 +text-organization TechTool 0.67 0.10 0.18 0.06 +flexible dialogue management TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +telephone interpreting TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +lexical influence other 0.00 0.24 0.57 0.19 +search problem other 0.41 0.00 0.59 0.00 +on-line word recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +sentence scoring DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +information browsing other 0.31 0.00 0.68 0.00 +mbr decoding TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +subcategorization TechTool 0.55 0.11 0.17 0.16 +word-formatives grammar Linguistics 0.38 0.47 0.01 0.14 +domain lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.03 0.01 +syntax-based translation TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.06 0.02 +concurrent execution TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +word-context-dependent phone-modelling TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.01 0.13 +dutch verb-particle Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.00 +japanese book reading Linguistics 0.20 0.72 0.06 0.02 +collocation-based filter TechTool 0.69 0.05 0.00 0.26 +web-based indexer TechTool 0.83 0.06 0.04 0.07 +english-japanese transliteration TechTool 0.56 0.43 0.01 0.01 +discourse labeler TechTool 0.51 0.38 0.10 0.01 +boolean model TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +sense discriminator TechTool 0.42 0.38 0.20 0.00 +paragraph segmentation TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +salesman problem other 0.05 0.00 0.95 0.00 +pragmatic reasoning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +air travel database Linguistics 0.44 0.54 0.01 0.01 +idiom detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tree-based order model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +supervised classi cation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +cross-document structure TechTool 0.43 0.41 0.09 0.07 +machine processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +microphone array DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.04 0.73 +named entities Linguistics 0.00 0.60 0.40 0.00 +legacy-document normalization TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +xml document TechTool 0.71 0.17 0.11 0.00 +automatic annotation procedure TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +trigram analysis TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +compound formation Linguistics 0.33 0.65 0.02 0.00 +storybook corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.02 +plan optimization step TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.49 0.01 +name form and modification TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.28 0.02 +parallel training corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.00 +ds tree DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.90 +community metadata other 0.01 0.37 0.61 0.01 +local segment contiguity model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.87 +oneto-two channel probability DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.10 0.53 +relationship recognition TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +automatie hypothesis selection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +incremental graph generalization TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.01 0.33 +anaphoric processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +lexical choice other 0.32 0.00 0.68 0.00 +decision ~ tree TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.13 0.03 +bootstrapping cycle TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +online dictionary Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.02 0.00 +risk minimization classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +creative thinking other 0.14 0.09 0.77 0.00 +top-down language processing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.02 0.10 +parallel marker-passing TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +hidden markov models DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.70 +modelling word-meanings Linguistics 0.26 0.72 0.01 0.01 +Synchronous dependency insertion grammars TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +supervised tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linear complexity DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.15 0.81 +supervised learning system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +non-linear planning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +learning vector quantization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +summary browser TechTool 0.73 0.03 0.17 0.07 +depth-first parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +uni cation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +bayes estimation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phone-string classifier TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +word corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.87 0.00 0.12 +supertag TechTool 0.67 0.11 0.10 0.11 +chinese homophone disambiguation TechTool 0.83 0.14 0.03 0.00 +document feature TechTool 0.76 0.05 0.08 0.10 +memory storage TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.03 0.20 +transcription editor TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +keyword retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +discourse modeling TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +scrambling other 0.35 0.06 0.55 0.05 +fragment interpreter TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +tense resolution TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.02 0.00 +interleaved generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +existontial quantification Linguistics 0.17 0.35 0.35 0.13 +unannotated text Linguistics 0.02 0.75 0.23 0.00 +english-vietnamese parallel corpus Linguistics 0.04 0.96 0.00 0.00 +surface constituent other 0.01 0.09 0.77 0.12 +symbolic architecture machiue TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +statistical parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pitch other 0.02 0.10 0.57 0.31 +limited inference mechanism TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +pattern engineering TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +listing Linguistics 0.22 0.46 0.26 0.07 +acquisition interface TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +machine annotation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +corpus-based classification TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.00 0.02 +hdag kernel TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +context extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +grammar teaching TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.08 0.00 +modifier structure grammar Linguistics 0.09 0.62 0.00 0.29 +entailment judgment other 0.11 0.00 0.53 0.35 +longsentence splitting other 0.26 0.09 0.54 0.11 +distributed simulation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.48 0.01 +phrase-based model DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.86 +domain plan other 0.22 0.01 0.71 0.07 +language response generation TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.31 0.03 +categorial grammar \ TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.00 0.01 +sentential context other 0.04 0.10 0.82 0.03 +mark-up language Linguistics 0.25 0.71 0.01 0.03 +tacitus TechTool 0.69 0.08 0.21 0.02 +interactive discourse TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.43 0.00 +binary rule formalism TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +Natural Language Processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +romanian-english alignment TechTool 0.72 0.27 0.00 0.01 +dialog management architecture TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +logic-based machine translation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +muc-6 evaluation TechTool 0.39 0.02 0.32 0.27 +human performance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.90 +phonological representation TechTool 0.74 0.01 0.12 0.14 +topic statement other 0.02 0.33 0.62 0.03 +metamodel TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +spoken dialogue performance DSMMM 0.00 0.11 0.03 0.85 +knowledge sharing other 0.15 0.00 0.85 0.00 +finite clause TechTool 0.69 0.12 0.19 0.00 +feature elimination TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.01 +derivation other 0.27 0.08 0.52 0.13 +defensible deduction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +object-attribute elaboration TechTool 0.66 0.03 0.22 0.08 +unification-based grammar formalism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +question-answering system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +topic\/focus information structure other 0.00 0.15 0.80 0.05 +coupled parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +list algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +classifier prediction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +one-againstthe-rest classification TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +constituent combination TechTool 0.67 0.16 0.15 0.03 +general-purpose NLP components TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +kpca TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +top-down parsing algorithm TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +kalman predictor TechTool 0.50 0.02 0.35 0.13 +accurate boundary determination TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +fragment analysis TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +advanced question answering TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.00 +automatic sign detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +word tag disambiguation TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.00 +sgml stream TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +string manipulation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.02 +static analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +directory assistance system TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +gazetteer information other 0.01 0.04 0.94 0.00 +finite-state automata TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.17 0.00 +response strategy other 0.44 0.00 0.54 0.02 +topics Linguistics 0.13 0.53 0.25 0.09 +template expansion TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +automatic threshold selection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +knowledge base other 0.04 0.09 0.86 0.00 +alignment error rate DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.84 +syntactic role determination TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +automatic thesaurus generation TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +homograph disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +adequacy desideratum other 0.01 0.02 0.69 0.27 +left-to-right search TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +kodiak representation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.09 +certainty conditions TechTool 0.42 0.00 0.27 0.31 +boas knowledge elicitation TechTool 0.66 0.03 0.31 0.00 +newspaper storey TechTool 0.52 0.22 0.14 0.11 +similarity-driven transfer system ( simtran ) TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +rating Linguistics 0.26 0.29 0.25 0.20 +semantic maping TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.20 0.06 +time sequence scoring TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.22 0.15 +sentence identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +underspecified relation other 0.31 0.00 0.63 0.06 +dice TechTool 0.47 0.14 0.25 0.14 +cause-effect information other 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.25 +client\/server architecture TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +claim readability other 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.46 +segmentor TechTool 0.74 0.07 0.08 0.10 +binary branching TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +block analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +human judge other 0.05 0.11 0.79 0.04 +noun phrase syntax Linguistics 0.04 0.85 0.00 0.10 +interface notation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +speech recognition errors other 0.02 0.00 0.96 0.01 +maximum likelihood method TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +informatio n presentation other 0.20 0.00 0.77 0.03 +word-level model DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.98 +semantic class other 0.10 0.31 0.35 0.24 +case frame instantiation TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.01 0.06 +evidence combination TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +gaussian mixture approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +semantic representation language TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.07 0.12 +acronym matching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +ltag formalism TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +mt system building TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +textual genre other 0.01 0.46 0.51 0.02 +crosslingual bootstrapping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +web sampling TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +phrasestructure grammar Linguistics 0.20 0.42 0.15 0.23 +phrase recognition and reduction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.05 0.09 +partial disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +phrase induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +entity recognition module TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.01 +annotation representation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.05 0.08 +normal-form derivation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.27 0.01 +Japanese homophone error other 0.33 0.05 0.39 0.23 +graph-walk TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.35 +terminology derivation other 0.03 0.11 0.85 0.01 +speech repair correction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +corpus-based question-answering system TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.00 0.01 +misclassification cost DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +log-entropy weighting TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +class-based selectional preference acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +recursive theory other 0.43 0.03 0.51 0.02 +ne discovery TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +human short term memory capacity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.33 0.65 +simr bitext mapping TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.11 0.12 +probabilistic model DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.77 +iterative expectation-maximisation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +maximum entropy classifiers TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +essay score DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.95 +probability theory DSMMM 0.00 0.18 0.03 0.79 +naive bayes approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linguistic language processing TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.02 +supervised mode TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +sense-filtering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +automatic verb classification TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +ontology language Linguistics 0.02 0.92 0.03 0.03 +collocational information other 0.03 0.01 0.89 0.08 +gpsg-based generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +xml processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automated natural language understanding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +classifier-based parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +conceptualization TechTool 0.55 0.06 0.27 0.11 +word-sense disambiguation TechTool 0.84 0.15 0.01 0.00 +structure inference TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +psychological machinery other 0.08 0.35 0.56 0.01 +temporal subordination TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.41 0.00 +statistical nlg systems TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +temporal information extraction TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +ibm models DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +word similarity measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +selection restriction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +forest construction TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.02 0.18 +encapsulation other 0.31 0.22 0.40 0.07 +heuristic word identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +transformation-based parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phrase-based translation model DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.90 +pp attachment disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +length frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +centroid clustering TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +mutual information method TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.01 0.48 +feature inconsistency TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.32 0.06 +wordnet TechTool 0.50 0.30 0.16 0.04 +natural hmguage processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +topicalisation TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +soft science research TechTool 0.69 0.15 0.16 0.00 +syntactic substitution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +prepositional modification TechTool 0.70 0.29 0.00 0.00 +grammar analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +sequential corpus processing TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +speech Linguistics 0.11 0.47 0.35 0.06 +model-based learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +discriminative model DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.75 +question template builder TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +moe-mandarin dictionary Linguistics 0.06 0.91 0.01 0.01 +automatic alignment TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +city university corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +noun case frame Linguistics 0.22 0.72 0.00 0.06 +hand-crafted grammar TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.00 0.03 +tap-xl automate analyst ' assistant TechTool 0.72 0.22 0.06 0.00 +deep generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +optinfization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +local syntactic similarity DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.91 +constituent boundary prediction TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.08 0.02 +speech recognition \ TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.00 0.01 +nfl translation TechTool 0.44 0.43 0.12 0.01 +contextual processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +countability learning TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.33 0.00 +opinion determination TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +frameset tag Linguistics 0.44 0.49 0.07 0.00 +line array microphone DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.08 0.70 +idiosyncratic variation other 0.01 0.00 0.68 0.31 +chunk-based statistical machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +lexicon design Linguistics 0.08 0.52 0.39 0.01 +speech recognition m TechTool 0.53 0.10 0.33 0.05 +speaker activity other 0.04 0.00 0.91 0.05 +mitkovs knowledge-poor pronoun resolution TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +probabilistic language model DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +semantic similarity detection TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +network-based learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +interactive translation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +language parsing system TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +linear time DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.34 0.53 +grid TechTool 0.31 0.20 0.27 0.22 +aspectual classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.02 +multimedia delivery TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +summary sentence generation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.02 0.23 +adjective block DSMMM 0.03 0.35 0.00 0.62 +server TechTool 0.42 0.18 0.35 0.05 +dynmnic programming TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +concept identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +human annotators other 0.05 0.02 0.91 0.03 +categorization task TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +sentence-by-sentence translation TechTool 0.45 0.35 0.00 0.19 +matching other 0.31 0.20 0.34 0.14 +dop estimation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +look-up tool TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +instructional software TechTool 0.60 0.05 0.36 0.00 +accent classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.02 +ridf value DSMMM 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.92 +gtamtnar processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +indexicality TechTool 0.51 0.23 0.18 0.08 +correction method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +reference translations Linguistics 0.00 0.57 0.43 0.00 +approximate maximization TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.11 +shallow syntactic parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +principal training TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.02 0.01 +natural language generation system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +trigrmn model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +constraint grammar TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.00 0.15 +segmentation method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +nlp architecture TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +call classification TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +cross-validation procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +construction determinisation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +back-o distribution DSMMM 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.81 +error detection TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +phrase\/rule extraction technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +bracketed corpora training Linguistics 0.24 0.74 0.01 0.01 +situational information other 0.03 0.00 0.96 0.01 +wordnet-based approach TechTool 0.93 0.07 0.00 0.00 +relevance determination TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.03 0.18 +conceptual clustering TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +memory-based machine TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.03 0.12 +formalisms TechTool 0.59 0.15 0.10 0.17 +character string generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +verb clustering Linguistics 0.46 0.54 0.00 0.01 +recognition precision DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +nondeterministic parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +feature-graph unification TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +scope underspecification other 0.43 0.02 0.55 0.00 +extraction process TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +bunsetsus TechTool 0.57 0.21 0.13 0.09 +citation Linguistics 0.22 0.44 0.19 0.15 +testing data Linguistics 0.20 0.53 0.08 0.19 +USR TechTool 0.39 0.21 0.31 0.08 +synonym-based substitution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +digital signal processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +context free rule TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +keyword selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +backoff system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +multi-cost expansion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +approximation model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +structure unification grammar TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +textual ellipsis other 0.35 0.00 0.65 0.00 +sequence grammar TechTool 0.56 0.36 0.07 0.01 +wsj-trained reranker TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.01 0.13 +lexical coding TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.26 0.00 +text revision support TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +resource-based criterion TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.03 0.11 +base noun phrase Linguistics 0.04 0.93 0.00 0.03 +parallel beam-search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +reeursive unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +active clause pattern other 0.47 0.00 0.49 0.04 +topic-probability estimation TechTool 0.64 0.02 0.00 0.34 +factoid question answering TechTool 0.47 0.10 0.42 0.01 +selection statements TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +Chinese natural language processing TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +answering corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.02 +cosine measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +process management TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +noun group Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.03 0.01 +japanese language Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.02 0.01 +semantic category information other 0.02 0.03 0.92 0.03 +chinese character-to-pinyin mapping TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.01 0.14 +sound planning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +anaphora resolution and acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +rapid adaptation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +graph structure DSMMM 0.19 0.02 0.03 0.76 +transformation graph TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.14 +definiteness marker Linguistics 0.41 0.54 0.04 0.00 +local phrase re-ordering TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.03 0.09 +compositionality TechTool 0.46 0.05 0.44 0.05 +panel display other 0.03 0.00 0.66 0.32 +sentence fragment TechTool 0.69 0.13 0.04 0.15 +passage retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +language definition DSMMM 0.29 0.06 0.30 0.36 +punctuation mark other 0.01 0.08 0.89 0.02 +query ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.01 +n-gram retrieval TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.24 +relevance tagging TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.03 0.10 +wordnet similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.16 0.01 0.83 +tagging tool TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +case-marker TechTool 0.80 0.17 0.01 0.02 +search tool TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +interpretation rule TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +partial correctness other 0.04 0.00 0.50 0.46 +natural language text Linguistics 0.05 0.53 0.42 0.00 +discriminative clustering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +surface parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.06 0.05 +structural mark-up TechTool 0.88 0.08 0.02 0.02 +renyo form other 0.27 0.26 0.37 0.09 +intonational phrase boundary TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.01 0.19 +multi-document information extraction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +computational lexicography TechTool 0.50 0.18 0.22 0.09 +affective classification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +xtag grammar TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.00 0.00 +classification tasks TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +context-based discourse processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +detailed world knowledge other 0.01 0.00 0.99 0.00 +classification techniques TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic relatedness DSMMM 0.14 0.02 0.14 0.70 +linguistic segment other 0.26 0.23 0.44 0.07 +low level extraction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.14 +paraphrases other 0.16 0.39 0.40 0.05 +automated knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +smr translation model DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.90 +parameter adjustment TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.23 0.14 +word-to-word translation model DSMMM 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.80 +english non-parallel newspaper corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.02 0.01 +text generation project TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +dialogue-based system TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.03 +learning semantic lexicons TechTool 0.51 0.31 0.14 0.03 +atis benchmark Linguistics 0.23 0.72 0.05 0.00 +structure analysis TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +temporal feature modification TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.01 +genetic algorithms TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +training process other 0.03 0.01 0.96 0.01 +phoneme-based speech recognizer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +restricted dialogue other 0.35 0.02 0.62 0.00 +finite-state machine TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.00 +paragraph Linguistics 0.20 0.50 0.16 0.13 +clique problem other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +reflexivization TechTool 0.44 0.21 0.27 0.09 +annotation viewer TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.25 0.00 +computing machinery transactions TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.04 0.12 +mapping table other 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.43 +bottom-up chart processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +noun matching TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.00 0.11 +predictive ability other 0.12 0.00 0.79 0.08 +research topic other 0.00 0.46 0.53 0.00 +hmm segmentation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linguistic constraints other 0.14 0.08 0.77 0.01 +markov modelin TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.12 +automatic feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +error detection and categorization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +contour type other 0.29 0.00 0.35 0.35 +smt search TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +term bank Linguistics 0.01 0.51 0.00 0.48 +naive bayes classifier TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syntactic and pragmatic analysis TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +black-and-white representation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +ai research TechTool 0.47 0.10 0.43 0.00 +question-answer validation pattern TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.26 0.17 +syntactic preference TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.02 0.20 +idiomatic language generation TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.04 0.01 +similarity thesaurus DSMMM 0.01 0.42 0.00 0.57 +cochlear processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +word-for-word translation Linguistics 0.42 0.52 0.01 0.05 +scene graph DSMMM 0.03 0.06 0.15 0.77 +off-line processing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +local normalization TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +predicate-argument model DSMMM 0.03 0.30 0.00 0.67 +partial candidate solution TechTool 0.82 0.07 0.04 0.06 +english orthography Linguistics 0.02 0.84 0.14 0.01 +sense predication Linguistics 0.15 0.58 0.27 0.00 +pattern generalization and scoring TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.08 0.26 +continuous observation hmm TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.07 0.14 +lambek theorem TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +selective projection TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.03 0.36 +plural detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linguistic expressions Linguistics 0.00 0.57 0.36 0.07 +la structure interface TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.01 +spanish subword lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +p p attachment DSMMM 0.02 0.18 0.00 0.80 +target sentence Linguistics 0.04 0.93 0.01 0.03 +mechanical translation TechTool 0.79 0.14 0.07 0.00 +korean tagging TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +feature translation TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.03 0.02 +inter-paragraph structure DSMMM 0.22 0.20 0.10 0.48 +information retrieval tasks TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +finite alphabet Linguistics 0.14 0.67 0.19 0.00 +speech translation application TechTool 0.70 0.02 0.25 0.03 +natural language grammar TechTool 0.65 0.29 0.05 0.02 +statistical sense resolution TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +superarv structure TechTool 0.43 0.20 0.12 0.25 +multi-document analysis TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +voice-mail message TechTool 0.83 0.04 0.14 0.00 +intentional stance framework TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.37 0.00 +recursive concatenation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +document orient preference set ( dops ) TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.02 +festival text-tospeech system TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.03 0.00 +pseudo-likelihood estimation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +speech-like monological multisentential text generation TechTool 0.88 0.08 0.03 0.00 +lazy copying TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +english syntax Linguistics 0.13 0.60 0.22 0.04 +category model DSMMM 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.95 +sentence-level syntax DSMMM 0.10 0.02 0.11 0.77 +margin-based learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +inner product other 0.21 0.00 0.61 0.18 +temporal information processing TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +mutation-error hypothesis TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.09 0.24 +z learning TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.01 +incremental history-based probability model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +legacy-document Linguistics 0.35 0.62 0.02 0.01 +self-organizing map TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.25 0.10 +sense tagging TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.03 0.00 +linguistic classification TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.01 +web-based document Linguistics 0.19 0.70 0.02 0.09 +best-first search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +fast-search recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +rule discovery TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +resolution table other 0.01 0.00 0.72 0.26 +attributed-based classifier TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +is-a hierarchy TechTool 0.44 0.40 0.00 0.16 +recognition module TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +morpho-syntactic markup TechTool 0.79 0.09 0.11 0.02 +phonemisation TechTool 0.75 0.08 0.09 0.09 +local spelling correction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +information visualiser other 0.40 0.12 0.44 0.04 +clef corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.00 +dialogue participant other 0.13 0.39 0.49 0.00 +general-purpose reasoning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +multimodal interaction TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +pos pattern method TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +LSA-based , cooccurrence-based and dictionary-based methods TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.01 0.10 +prosodic feature TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.04 0.11 +large-vocabulary recognition TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +orthographic probability DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +substring substitution TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +performance enhancement DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.95 +hyperlinking TechTool 0.75 0.08 0.09 0.09 +phrase structure trees Linguistics 0.03 0.53 0.01 0.44 +hpsgs TechTool 0.52 0.19 0.13 0.17 +recall-based evaluation methodology DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.95 +1-to-n cardinality TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.03 0.19 +mean normalization DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +story understanding system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +diagnostic system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +referential continuity TechTool 0.58 0.03 0.35 0.05 +semantic understanding TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.02 +word segmentation ambiguity TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.01 +exemplar-based classifier TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +automated transducer inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +rule formation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +baseline model DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.83 +grammatical compilation process other 0.14 0.00 0.85 0.01 +multiple variant corpora TechTool 0.53 0.46 0.01 0.00 +pronunciation quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.94 +adaptive speech application TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +telephone-speech classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +bitterlemons corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +np extraction TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.00 0.03 +tf\/idf TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +word longevity Linguistics 0.05 0.43 0.12 0.40 +unsupervised induction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language generanon TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +Canadian Hansard Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.03 0.00 +image classification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +speech vector TechTool 0.60 0.06 0.00 0.33 +content-based segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +document ranking TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.05 0.22 +prononinalization TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +object identification problem other 0.11 0.00 0.89 0.00 +alignment technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bfp algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +unlabeled parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +hyperlink navigation interface TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +dialogue tag scheme TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.05 0.00 +treebank style other 0.00 0.22 0.73 0.04 +test-knowledge Linguistics 0.27 0.56 0.16 0.01 +spoken story summarization TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.02 0.00 +symbolic authoring TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +np structure Linguistics 0.04 0.62 0.03 0.31 +knowledge representation system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +n-best training TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.08 0.01 +prolog predicate TechTool 0.69 0.27 0.04 0.00 +emission model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +parameter smooth other 0.22 0.00 0.43 0.35 +co-occurrence feature TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.10 0.25 +subjectivity analysis TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +german word order Linguistics 0.00 0.65 0.32 0.02 +temporal referent other 0.28 0.25 0.46 0.00 +surface reference disambiguation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +kernels DSMMM 0.23 0.16 0.15 0.47 +constraint parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +nl research other 0.46 0.03 0.51 0.00 +parsing approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +manual pattern construction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +switchboard training corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +typing-algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +wordsense disambiguation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +fitted parse TechTool 0.71 0.21 0.02 0.06 +temporal relation markup TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.48 0.00 +speech act type other 0.12 0.05 0.81 0.02 +probabilistic classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +node migration TechTool 0.38 0.07 0.33 0.22 +length normalization TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +dimensionality reduction technique TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +synonym class indexing TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.01 +library classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +entropy classification TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +knowledge-based programming TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +discourse other 0.15 0.32 0.45 0.08 +non-probability sampling TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.37 +language-model context condition TechTool 0.44 0.00 0.21 0.35 +line-search method TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +purpose other 0.21 0.18 0.45 0.16 +generation task TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +similarity model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +automatic word-extraction algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +text categorization algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +thai ocr error correction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.06 +bottom-up processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +english verbs Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.11 0.00 +phonetic similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.90 +ipdcn TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +dictionary data Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.02 0.03 +answer pattern extraction TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.03 0.26 +polynomial-time parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +thematic-role assignment TechTool 0.81 0.06 0.13 0.00 +data-driven decision-tree induction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +technology transfer TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +link-creator TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.01 +automatic reading TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +term scoring DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.68 +low-frequency forms DSMMM 0.06 0.13 0.02 0.79 +discipline other 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 +ontology database Linguistics 0.24 0.72 0.03 0.01 +case information other 0.01 0.00 0.97 0.02 +tile parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +source-channel model DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.88 +prepositions Linguistics 0.12 0.58 0.26 0.04 +supervise and unsupervised method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +variable-length semantic pattern DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.03 0.57 +derivation trees other 0.02 0.20 0.74 0.03 +medline database corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +kernel function TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +document clustering and retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +attachment site selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word pair similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.94 +pattern-based translation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.08 +unigram smoothing TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +argument structure and aspect other 0.04 0.07 0.84 0.05 +4-gram back-off lm DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.79 +grammar relaxation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +language generator architecture TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +child language development other 0.07 0.09 0.68 0.16 +syntactic learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +vector space interpretation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +lexical priming other 0.19 0.01 0.80 0.00 +discourse-aware citation indexer other 0.33 0.06 0.61 0.00 +grammatical features other 0.01 0.28 0.64 0.08 +rapid tool integration TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +multimodal fusion TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +group recognition TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +symbolic differentiation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.09 0.03 +feature projection technique TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.08 +sense modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +inference model TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.26 +thesaurus generation and pseudo-disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +verb constituent Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.09 0.00 +open-domain question answering capability TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.18 0.02 +approximation algorithm TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.13 +coherence assessment DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.09 0.59 +senseval-2 noun Linguistics 0.03 0.82 0.11 0.04 +wordnet lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +proof editor TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +constraint other 0.18 0.14 0.64 0.05 +compound verb phrase Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +processing tasks TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +japanese morphological analysis TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.06 0.00 +corpus error detection TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.00 0.21 +pp-attachment disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +keyword insertion TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +dutch language Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.03 0.00 +linguistic mechanism TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +sentence boundary dismnbiguation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.05 0.08 +view factorization other 0.17 0.15 0.56 0.12 +question translation TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.01 +identification of paraphrase TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.01 0.01 +word morphologizer TechTool 0.44 0.30 0.03 0.23 +term constituent alignment DSMMM 0.33 0.16 0.03 0.48 +one-hot coding TechTool 0.90 0.10 0.01 0.00 +predicate argument Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.15 0.01 +web-based training TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.01 0.08 +text search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +web information other 0.00 0.07 0.91 0.02 +subcase analysis TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.01 +unification-based generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +closed-world authoring TechTool 0.62 0.01 0.37 0.00 +grammatical input other 0.01 0.49 0.50 0.00 +qnestioning-answering TechTool 0.62 0.36 0.00 0.01 +model complexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +word segmentation performance DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.93 +numerical accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +information independence other 0.11 0.00 0.87 0.01 +rule development TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +domain modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +analytic mapping solution TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.00 +predicate calculus notation TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.01 0.01 +english name recognition TechTool 0.87 0.11 0.01 0.00 +resampling TechTool 0.64 0.09 0.15 0.12 +monotonicity requirement TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.13 0.25 +textual representation TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.33 0.08 +parser-acquisition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dependency pattern DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.05 0.74 +recursive stress assignment TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.02 +stream-based information other 0.39 0.01 0.58 0.02 +tree substitution grammar TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.00 0.23 +server application TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +priori TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +aac word prediction TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.01 0.17 +tense formation TechTool 0.63 0.19 0.18 0.00 +context-free classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +rulc compiler TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.00 +automatic question-answering system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +canonical correlation DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.06 0.80 +selectional preferences DSMMM 0.37 0.13 0.09 0.40 +iwslt evaluation TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.07 0.16 +grammatical environment other 0.25 0.08 0.67 0.00 +named_entity TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +broad-coverage translation Linguistics 0.39 0.53 0.04 0.04 +sense class determination TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +dialogue construction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.25 0.01 +concept-value recognition TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.00 0.12 +discourse combination TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.06 0.00 +semantic chunker TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +reasoning process other 0.38 0.00 0.62 0.00 +dialogue structure Linguistics 0.12 0.43 0.26 0.19 +subjectverb TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.18 0.10 +meta-data other 0.33 0.20 0.45 0.03 +factoring TechTool 0.37 0.23 0.26 0.14 +maximum entropy parameter DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.53 +greedy agreement DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.74 +database retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +unknown word morpheme Linguistics 0.06 0.88 0.05 0.01 +regular polysemy other 0.06 0.01 0.89 0.04 +image-based retrieval TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +abbreviation identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge other 0.04 0.01 0.92 0.03 +scripting language Linguistics 0.09 0.83 0.05 0.02 +english-farsi medical dialogues Linguistics 0.03 0.97 0.01 0.00 +chains algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +user-defined translation TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.16 0.04 +class indexing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +subjectivity recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +instructional discourse other 0.03 0.43 0.54 0.00 +compression modelling TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +syntactic\/semantic analysis TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.12 0.01 +real-time document processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +phrase attachment algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +calendar management TechTool 0.92 0.08 0.00 0.00 +top-down prediction TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.01 0.36 +comparison module TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +tdlr grammar evaluation TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.01 0.16 +stochastic context-free grammar \ TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +noise elimination TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.26 0.07 +message handling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +interfacing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +monologue text Linguistics 0.01 0.70 0.29 0.00 +testing corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.00 0.04 +memory-based learning algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +new word acquisition TechTool 0.89 0.11 0.00 0.00 +parse tree use DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.86 +multi-word term extraction TechTool 0.88 0.07 0.01 0.04 +binary schema TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +bayes text classification TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +type construction TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.41 0.00 +dependency-based representation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.43 +discriminative large-margin online learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +constraint-relaxation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +linguistic object Linguistics 0.00 0.72 0.10 0.18 +sense discovery TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +fusion classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +preposition attachment Linguistics 0.12 0.87 0.00 0.01 +monotonic interpretation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +functional control TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.08 0.14 +end-to-end machine translation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.01 +tagged text Linguistics 0.00 0.58 0.42 0.00 +lexical-head constraint other 0.43 0.03 0.53 0.00 +grapheme-phoneme conversion TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +mapping algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +lexicon extraction TechTool 0.72 0.28 0.00 0.00 +penalty factor DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.96 +bioscience text normalization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +smt lexicon Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.00 0.02 +inductive generalization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +planrecognition TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +text genre classification TechTool 0.66 0.27 0.06 0.00 +cognitive science Linguistics 0.04 0.92 0.03 0.01 +graph alignment TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +name extraction TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.00 0.01 +microphone speech recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.09 +automatic pattern discovery TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +forest other 0.13 0.29 0.32 0.27 +mle reestimation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +lexical modeling TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +subject identification other 0.47 0.05 0.48 0.00 +baseline sentence planner TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +shallow language processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +ellipsis handler TechTool 0.75 0.05 0.19 0.00 +pronominal reference other 0.10 0.08 0.82 0.00 +best-first clustering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +semi-automatic tagging TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +biomedical corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +estimation method TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +sentence-boundary disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +learning natural language TechTool 0.59 0.15 0.26 0.00 +surface level other 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.43 +codebook TechTool 0.62 0.12 0.15 0.11 +smt modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +functional unification lexicon TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.00 0.01 +error chaining DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.03 0.54 +linear plmming TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +portuguese language Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.01 0.01 +speaker-independent phoneme classification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +viterbi inference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +editing assistance function TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +predicate-argument structure annotation Linguistics 0.48 0.50 0.02 0.01 +communication strategy TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.46 0.00 +recognition procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +automated news analysis TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.02 0.00 +bilingual word disambiguation TechTool 0.74 0.25 0.01 0.01 +tagging process other 0.29 0.00 0.70 0.00 +continuousspeech recognition TechTool 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.07 +local context TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.42 0.07 +spatial analysis TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.01 +bootstrapping process TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +bayes classifier TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.00 0.00 +long jump distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.68 +lexical acquisition system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +multilingual text library TechTool 0.84 0.12 0.04 0.00 +spectral probability distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +remote microphone TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.06 0.45 +word sense disaznbiguation Linguistics 0.41 0.54 0.03 0.02 +network computing TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +temporal reference resolution TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +adaboost classifier TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +segment boundaries other 0.08 0.05 0.87 0.00 +tlisamblguation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +optimality theory other 0.16 0.40 0.41 0.03 +lexicon development algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +topic-related summarization TechTool 0.58 0.22 0.19 0.00 +rhetorical text planning TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.12 0.00 +asynchronous message passing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +approximate word match DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.01 0.68 +map inference TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +dependency notation TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.02 0.18 +language-model context DSMMM 0.41 0.03 0.04 0.51 +cascaded induction process TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +knowledge represe other 0.18 0.07 0.75 0.00 +projective dependency tree DSMMM 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.93 +frequency-based sampling TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +metonymy recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +rule set TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.01 +data storage TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.07 0.42 +interface design TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +deep sentiment analysis TechTool 0.65 0.16 0.17 0.02 +neighborhood density effect DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.95 +word-length feature DSMMM 0.38 0.06 0.01 0.55 +on-line encyclopedia TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.01 0.05 +domain-dependent text segmentation TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.07 0.00 +word segmentation task TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +suffix handling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syntax-based translation model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.04 0.87 +english ne recognition TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.01 0.02 +software program TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +multiclass learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +node unification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.06 +beam size DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 +incremental description refinement TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +type ambiguity other 0.09 0.00 0.90 0.01 +class-based approximation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.02 0.43 +language-processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +disambiguation method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +synonym finding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +prosody transplantation TechTool 0.50 0.03 0.40 0.08 +acoustic attribute DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.17 0.53 +system deployment TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +word-for-word glossing Linguistics 0.18 0.74 0.02 0.06 +likelihood value ~ DSMMM 0.10 0.04 0.00 0.86 +topic selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +theme intersection Linguistics 0.18 0.55 0.15 0.12 +indicative function other 0.07 0.01 0.88 0.05 +spectral-based clustering technique TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +learning methodology TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +baum-welch reestimation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +multi-word translation TechTool 0.69 0.29 0.01 0.00 +thematic role assignment TechTool 0.52 0.08 0.39 0.00 +language search engine TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.02 0.14 +utterance classification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.01 +information extraction tasks TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +phrase syntax TechTool 0.40 0.26 0.02 0.32 +keyword-based clustering TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +quality-monitoringproblem DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +rule-base chunking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +target sentence generator TechTool 0.81 0.14 0.00 0.05 +positive and negative examples other 0.09 0.31 0.37 0.22 +stochastic japanese morphological analysis \ TechTool 0.82 0.18 0.00 0.00 +c-value based term extraction DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.52 +request other 0.16 0.28 0.51 0.06 +event representation language TechTool 0.58 0.33 0.04 0.05 +parse record DSMMM 0.08 0.31 0.21 0.40 +graphs DSMMM 0.11 0.30 0.12 0.47 +weighted abduction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +tltf term weighting DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +message planning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +learning rate parameter DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.24 0.60 +trigger selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +syntactic functions TechTool 0.39 0.35 0.25 0.01 +inferential processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +european monetary system TechTool 0.88 0.09 0.03 0.00 +questionnaire scoring TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.10 0.24 +paragraph length DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.25 0.74 +korean generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +medical language understanding Linguistics 0.41 0.51 0.07 0.02 +term collection DSMMM 0.01 0.39 0.04 0.56 +trainable text skimmer TechTool 0.67 0.17 0.16 0.00 +approximation error DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.13 0.82 +accusative preposition Linguistics 0.10 0.89 0.01 0.00 +prosodicphrase grouping other 0.19 0.16 0.50 0.15 +expectation maximization algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +tile generator TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +corpus selection TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.00 0.00 +lexical cohesion information other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.00 +neural-network TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +large-scale information retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +tree overlapping DSMMM 0.13 0.02 0.09 0.76 +probabilistic sequence classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sequence boosting TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +history representation DSMMM 0.21 0.02 0.25 0.51 +srl system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +human world knowledge other 0.00 0.03 0.96 0.00 +semantic role tagging TechTool 0.72 0.03 0.25 0.00 +query phrase TechTool 0.48 0.17 0.00 0.35 +word similarity measurement DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.92 +comparable bitext TechTool 0.74 0.19 0.06 0.01 +phoneme recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +surface-cue-based resolution TechTool 0.87 0.06 0.01 0.07 +reduction operation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.17 0.02 +discourse structure analysis TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.08 0.00 +genonlc ttmm TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +pattern other 0.13 0.15 0.42 0.31 +corpus frequency Linguistics 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 +ccrs TechTool 0.60 0.14 0.13 0.13 +word alignment performance DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.96 +sense dismnbiguation TechTool 0.79 0.11 0.09 0.01 +synchronous tree substitution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +document categorization TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.01 0.00 +verb description Linguistics 0.01 0.87 0.11 0.01 +time series other 0.04 0.00 0.91 0.04 +detection algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +orthogonal non-negative matrix factorisation TechTool 0.50 0.04 0.31 0.16 +named entity clustering TechTool 0.85 0.11 0.00 0.03 +topic ambiguity other 0.01 0.00 0.97 0.02 +functional anaphora TechTool 0.84 0.12 0.04 0.00 +sense disambignation TechTool 0.78 0.13 0.09 0.01 +agglomerative vector space DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.06 0.47 +transfer lexicon Linguistics 0.40 0.54 0.00 0.06 +la structure Linguistics 0.26 0.68 0.01 0.05 +terminological classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 +jttpanese dependency analysis TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.02 0.05 +domain-specific cue Linguistics 0.26 0.68 0.06 0.00 +head-word Linguistics 0.16 0.76 0.04 0.05 +information environment other 0.15 0.00 0.85 0.00 +karta karaka TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.08 0.02 +summarization system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical disjunction TechTool 0.41 0.31 0.27 0.00 +automated process other 0.39 0.00 0.61 0.00 +pattern acquisition algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +proper noun Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.02 0.00 +example-driven search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +relative relation resolution TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.00 +chunk identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +dialogue acts other 0.01 0.13 0.86 0.00 +regression TechTool 0.44 0.17 0.33 0.06 +query vector TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.32 +pagerank random-walk TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.00 0.03 +frame induction procedure TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +probability distribution matrix DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +prosodic feature normalization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +unification process TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +word categorization TechTool 0.72 0.24 0.01 0.03 +reporting Linguistics 0.31 0.47 0.16 0.07 +graph-unification TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +incomplete parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +syntax-based statistical machine translation system TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.01 +word formation TechTool 0.49 0.44 0.06 0.01 +progressive-search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.04 +distributivity TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +generalized ellipsis TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +sublanguage translation Linguistics 0.23 0.69 0.07 0.00 +language type other 0.14 0.09 0.65 0.13 +bigram language modeling TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.41 +dictionary matching TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.00 0.08 +head-operator detection and discrimination TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +finite state control other 0.37 0.00 0.62 0.01 +grammar parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +countability prediction TechTool 0.67 0.02 0.07 0.24 +title-driven name recognition TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +multilingual instructional text generation TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +pruning tcchnique TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +linguistic description Linguistics 0.16 0.51 0.25 0.08 +resolution theorem TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +semantic change other 0.04 0.00 0.61 0.34 +P-CFG TechTool 0.76 0.02 0.00 0.22 +select-a-kibitzer TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +maximal enzyme activity TechTool 0.69 0.03 0.19 0.09 +human involvement other 0.06 0.01 0.90 0.03 +korean-english dialogue machine TechTool 0.56 0.38 0.02 0.04 +features-based learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.03 +lr-like parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +context-free generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +rulelearning mechanism other 0.30 0.13 0.45 0.11 +database generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +function tagging TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +domain-specific knowlegde TechTool 0.78 0.12 0.10 0.00 +morpheme sequence other 0.11 0.26 0.63 0.00 +argumentative dialogue other 0.18 0.12 0.69 0.02 +concept-category relation description TechTool 0.48 0.22 0.26 0.03 +regression testing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +chinese language model DSMMM 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.94 +monetary sense TechTool 0.44 0.40 0.15 0.02 +various information access TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +text organizer other 0.10 0.15 0.75 0.00 +noun category Linguistics 0.02 0.84 0.01 0.14 +rst analysis TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +monolingual ir system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +inheritance hierarchy DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.62 +concept relaxation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +retrieval engine TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +sense detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +discourse structure theory Linguistics 0.06 0.53 0.40 0.01 +automated phonemization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sentence-hood TechTool 0.60 0.14 0.04 0.21 +top-down serial parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +committee-based sample selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +muc-3 evaluation other 0.20 0.01 0.57 0.21 +automated training mechanism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +heuristic clustering TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +constituent boundary other 0.39 0.11 0.49 0.01 +graph traversal DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.06 0.52 +machine translation test Linguistics 0.22 0.48 0.02 0.28 +cross-document coreference algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +subcategorization frame recognition TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.00 +personality classification TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.00 +statistical sampling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +genia-corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.00 0.02 +mobile phone TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.06 +meaning processing and understanding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +story comprehension TechTool 0.51 0.03 0.36 0.11 +monolingual , unannotated text Linguistics 0.05 0.87 0.07 0.01 +machinelearning TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +coding system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +rcg TechTool 0.78 0.07 0.07 0.08 +constraint satisfaction and enumeration TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.14 0.11 +semantic compositionality TechTool 0.68 0.03 0.10 0.20 +inflection rule TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +chinese words Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.01 0.09 +case disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +coherence relation assignment TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.27 0.08 +frame construction TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +forward chaining TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +mental lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.81 0.18 0.01 +candidate scoring TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.41 +constructional interpretation model DSMMM 0.22 0.01 0.01 0.77 +segmental k-means algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +document element identification TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.00 +ivebayestextclassification TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +model growing TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +abstract generation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +muc-7 ne Linguistics 0.13 0.66 0.13 0.09 +language morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.75 0.22 0.02 +dynamic model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +recursive case analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +heuristic learn TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.02 0.15 +named-entity TechTool 0.61 0.33 0.02 0.04 +chart design other 0.45 0.00 0.55 0.00 +rst tool TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.14 0.00 +block unigram model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +protein name extraction TechTool 0.87 0.11 0.01 0.01 +test-score semantics Linguistics 0.04 0.71 0.00 0.25 +silence modeling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +interactive grammar development TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +english translations Linguistics 0.00 0.84 0.15 0.01 +non-iucremental search TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.11 0.07 +semi-supervised relation extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +uncertain inference TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +markup vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.77 0.21 0.01 +Japanese revision support system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pattern extractor TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.28 +operative selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +quasi-newton optimization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +multi-pass recognition scoring TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +ner evaluation TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.22 +stringtransduction-based morphology induction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +word alignment accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.98 +english dataset Linguistics 0.05 0.92 0.02 0.02 +honorific Linguistics 0.16 0.54 0.26 0.05 +logfile evaluation TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.03 0.31 +closest-first clustering TechTool 0.90 0.10 0.00 0.01 +bottom-up recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +metaphorical expresion Linguistics 0.40 0.50 0.05 0.05 +bound estimation TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +mandarin audio indexing \ TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.00 0.04 +automatic named entity tagger TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +document clustering TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.03 +sequence kernel TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +data-driven learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.02 +text frequency DSMMM 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.89 +heuristic optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +verb senses Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.02 0.00 +unsupervised learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +monolingual generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +acronym acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +bilingual dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.01 +new word learning TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.00 0.01 +isomap TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +classification problem other 0.40 0.00 0.60 0.00 +non-indexing parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +domain restriction other 0.13 0.26 0.34 0.27 +language resources Linguistics 0.02 0.53 0.43 0.02 +contextual information other 0.07 0.00 0.92 0.01 +prosodic classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +english text Linguistics 0.00 0.86 0.14 0.00 +markov modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +discriminative disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +learning model TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.39 +hypertext authoring TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +word sense disarnbiguation TechTool 0.62 0.32 0.04 0.02 +two-stage parsing approach TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +resolving pronominal anaphor TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +sparse-matrix multiplication TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.05 +string segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +feature identification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text simplification TechTool 0.64 0.09 0.27 0.00 +japanese ne Linguistics 0.04 0.91 0.01 0.04 +owl language Linguistics 0.17 0.77 0.04 0.02 +target learning TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +vtw reestimation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +memory-based pp attachment TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +paraphrase selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +entity translation algorithm TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.09 0.06 +lexical content other 0.00 0.34 0.66 0.00 +platform development TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +rule sampling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +large-scale parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +role annotation TechTool 0.55 0.05 0.40 0.00 +topic classification TechTool 0.90 0.04 0.06 0.01 +minimum constraint propagation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +deterministic table-driver parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.07 +edit region identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +cut-off feature selection TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.31 +k value DSMMM 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.87 +link direction information other 0.04 0.00 0.94 0.02 +modeling speech TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.21 0.12 +term aggregation TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.03 0.41 +database research other 0.33 0.04 0.63 0.00 +viterbi decoder TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +speech component other 0.09 0.02 0.87 0.03 +polynominal-time parsing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +transfer rule TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +multilingual news summarizer TechTool 0.52 0.48 0.00 0.00 +chart construction TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +discourse updating TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +commercial system TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.00 +linguistic formalism TechTool 0.87 0.05 0.02 0.05 +vector retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +unigram mixture model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.91 +multilingual information other 0.13 0.01 0.87 0.00 +Japanese Linguistics 0.19 0.61 0.16 0.05 +complexity DSMMM 0.08 0.11 0.34 0.47 +semantic context other 0.20 0.03 0.75 0.03 +medline search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +thematic assignment TechTool 0.84 0.05 0.10 0.01 +alpino treebank Linguistics 0.07 0.85 0.06 0.02 +conversation focus detection other 0.18 0.00 0.73 0.08 +speaker clustering TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +tile gate system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +network construction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +sequential model DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +incremental relaxation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +completed parse TechTool 0.60 0.05 0.32 0.03 +bottom-up chart parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +synonyms Linguistics 0.11 0.54 0.26 0.08 +synonymy other 0.26 0.26 0.31 0.18 +lexical fixedness Linguistics 0.04 0.53 0.43 0.00 +bigram collocation extraction TechTool 0.56 0.02 0.00 0.43 +situated language acquisition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +maximum-entropy-based model DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.66 +dialect identification TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +fe identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +parallel training corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.98 0.00 0.00 +large-vocabulary system TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +conversational interaction other 0.29 0.00 0.71 0.00 +automatic text generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +blind deeonvolution TechTool 0.65 0.11 0.12 0.12 +technical documentation Linguistics 0.01 0.51 0.48 0.00 +linguistic corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +semantic class disambiguattion TechTool 0.71 0.10 0.09 0.09 +implementing dynamic programs TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +ltm network TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.44 +multi-pass rescoring TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +document fusion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +compultational linguistics TechTool 0.32 0.25 0.22 0.21 +similarity extraction TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +constraint relations other 0.03 0.00 0.93 0.04 +likelihood training DSMMM 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.92 +frame determination TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +disambiguation task TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +word rebuilding TechTool 0.42 0.31 0.10 0.16 +medical terminology Linguistics 0.00 0.61 0.38 0.00 +lfg theory other 0.15 0.09 0.75 0.02 +morphosyntactic ambiguity other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.01 +sentiment mining TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.00 +sub-tree counting TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.08 0.16 +lexical regularization TechTool 0.54 0.18 0.28 0.00 +generalized metaphor mappings TechTool 0.59 0.01 0.39 0.02 +extraction system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +focus model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.96 +machine hanslatiou TechTool 0.56 0.19 0.16 0.10 +dialogue system TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +confusion matrix algorithm TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +lexical chaining TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.00 +paradigmatic information other 0.01 0.00 0.96 0.04 +terminology management TechTool 0.66 0.31 0.03 0.00 +xces annotation TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.00 +clause identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +speech summarization system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +collaborative planning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +word pronunciation other 0.07 0.43 0.43 0.07 +vector-based language processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +domain driven disambiguation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +entity recognizer TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.08 0.07 +sentence-level syntactic structure DSMMM 0.16 0.09 0.08 0.67 +statistical translation model DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.69 +pruning method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +bilingual glossary Linguistics 0.16 0.82 0.02 0.01 +discrimination-based learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +parsing-based optimization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +speech tagging TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.05 0.02 +adverbial modification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +micro averaging DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.92 +phrase-chunker TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +relative error reduction TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.14 0.39 +lattice format TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.08 0.16 +model order evaluation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.01 0.41 +multiperspective question-answering TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.05 0.01 +tim lexicon Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.04 0.01 +computer simulating TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +factored language modeling TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.19 0.09 +local focus information other 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.06 +type alignment TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +tree unification TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +local knowledge other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.00 +inforrnatlon storage other 0.32 0.06 0.53 0.09 +telecommunications research other 0.27 0.10 0.64 0.00 +word-based alignment TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.11 +arabic text analysis TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.09 0.00 +finite-state modeling TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +curry-howard isomorphism TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.18 0.04 +temporal information annotation other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +tagging model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +global parameter optimization TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +merriam-webster pocket dictionary Linguistics 0.23 0.75 0.02 0.00 +word segmentor TechTool 0.63 0.21 0.02 0.14 +turkish syntax Linguistics 0.19 0.72 0.08 0.00 +automatic translator TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +japanese text Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.09 0.00 +belief reasoning TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +online assessment system TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +syntactic-semantic argument Linguistics 0.15 0.69 0.15 0.01 +mesh smoothing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.18 +bigram model training DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.66 +wsd annotation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +volitional motion other 0.01 0.18 0.81 0.00 +summarisation research TechTool 0.54 0.02 0.44 0.00 +lucid common lisp TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.10 0.00 +structual disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +evaluation measures DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +tei standard Linguistics 0.23 0.71 0.04 0.03 +lexico-semantic underspecification other 0.48 0.01 0.49 0.03 +user-system interaction TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.00 +parameter tracking TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.01 +textual entailment pattern other 0.12 0.00 0.51 0.37 +cepstral vector DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.53 +structural feature TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.19 0.06 +mass storage device TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.33 +structure identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +call optimization TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +categorization problem other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +syntactic predicate argument Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.09 0.01 +turntaking TechTool 0.49 0.07 0.29 0.16 +corpus-based generation TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +lamp test switch DSMMM 0.13 0.34 0.03 0.51 +unigram language modeling TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.35 +pragmatic processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexical semantics Linguistics 0.06 0.89 0.06 0.00 +degree adjective DSMMM 0.00 0.33 0.01 0.66 +semantic infomation TechTool 0.72 0.04 0.16 0.08 +skilled user other 0.18 0.02 0.79 0.00 +constituent coordination other 0.04 0.47 0.49 0.00 +category detection and resolution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +probabilistic connection matrix TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.04 0.11 +computational habitability other 0.09 0.02 0.57 0.33 +tile storage TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +knowledge-based algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +lvcsr TechTool 0.72 0.05 0.11 0.12 +stem identification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +summarization content units TechTool 0.49 0.02 0.25 0.24 +approach TechTool 0.31 0.28 0.31 0.10 +non-probabilistic evaluation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.06 0.21 +pronoun interpretation algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +statistical parse disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +ie processing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +speech recognition component TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.44 0.01 +brown corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +evaluation cycle DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.04 0.72 +paf kernel TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +multi-party discourse Linguistics 0.34 0.45 0.22 0.00 +training corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +model parameters DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.94 +orthographic normalization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +event classification TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +conditional markov model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +phrase-based machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.00 0.06 +dynamic machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +part-of-speech tagging TechTool 0.87 0.11 0.02 0.00 +cognate matching TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +chinese language Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.02 0.05 +spelling corrector TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +summanzatlon TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.11 0.08 +u ~ nification Linguistics 0.07 0.51 0.42 0.00 +pseudodisambiguation TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.10 0.13 +n-best list training TechTool 0.65 0.22 0.12 0.01 +incremental resolution algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pattern mining TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.04 +statistical parsing research TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +semantic parataxis TechTool 0.61 0.02 0.35 0.03 +trec chinese corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.03 0.05 +table construction other 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.39 +cky chart-parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +task duration other 0.04 0.00 0.61 0.35 +cepstrum normalization TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.27 +procedure TechTool 0.44 0.11 0.36 0.09 +incremental lattice construction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.03 +empirical risk minimization TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.19 0.03 +term orientation DSMMM 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.89 +text information retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +concept-concept co-occurrence matrix TechTool 0.64 0.05 0.07 0.23 +query expansion system TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +bottom-up parallel TechTool 0.54 0.06 0.12 0.29 +morph lemmatiser TechTool 0.83 0.03 0.04 0.09 +verb bind Linguistics 0.02 0.92 0.02 0.04 +supervised disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +type tagging TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +robust chinese word segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +computational processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +agreement table DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +target recognition TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +top-down matching TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.01 0.30 +normalization TechTool 0.68 0.07 0.16 0.08 +machine translation environment TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.01 +temporal focus other 0.00 0.01 0.96 0.02 +psg model DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.92 +paraphrasing questions other 0.07 0.04 0.78 0.11 +domain change detection TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.05 +human compression performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +subordinate clauses Linguistics 0.02 0.82 0.16 0.00 +hpsg-tag compiler TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +interaction management TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +improved search TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.02 0.26 +marker-identification TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +tokenizer TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.05 0.08 +sdr system comparison TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +automatic term weighting TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +visualization process other 0.22 0.00 0.77 0.00 +scf extraction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +pp attachmentdisambiguation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +chinese definitional question answering Linguistics 0.38 0.49 0.12 0.01 +blackboard-based dependency TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.02 0.10 +parser diversification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +decision tree training TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +authorship TechTool 0.51 0.09 0.32 0.08 +hybrid text mining TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +state merging TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +connectionist learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +fuzzy matching TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +multi-pass decoding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +intra-document analysis TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.03 0.01 +bilingual lexicon translation Linguistics 0.11 0.88 0.01 0.01 +earley deduction TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +error-driven pruning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.15 +extraposition grammar TechTool 0.64 0.26 0.03 0.08 +parsing problem other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +eager learning TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +content consistency maintenance TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.17 0.20 +longest matching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +aspectual predication Linguistics 0.02 0.51 0.41 0.06 +chart-based parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +forward-backward algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +least-squares classification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +runtime TechTool 0.59 0.12 0.16 0.14 +data modification other 0.43 0.00 0.44 0.13 +crosslanguage information retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +language processing tasks TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +chinese character recognition TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.04 +onroad navigation TechTool 0.61 0.07 0.26 0.05 +allegro common lisp TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.10 0.00 +SMT models DSMMM 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.73 +boostexter classifier TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +probability estinlatioll TechTool 0.61 0.11 0.14 0.13 +transitive tree DSMMM 0.01 0.08 0.02 0.88 +pairwise voting TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +grammatical functions Linguistics 0.07 0.80 0.13 0.01 +english verb Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.00 +erroneous translation TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.32 0.00 +contrastive reference other 0.20 0.05 0.74 0.00 +case frame recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +information-based measure DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.17 0.69 +story understanding TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.11 0.04 +phone-based matching TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +link classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +character coding TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.04 +lexical look-up TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.05 0.06 +phoneme Linguistics 0.21 0.53 0.17 0.10 +named-entity extraction TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +background corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.03 0.01 +empirical risk estimation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.02 0.23 +second language acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +root dissection other 0.39 0.15 0.46 0.01 +cross-serial word order other 0.30 0.20 0.42 0.09 +word inflection Linguistics 0.06 0.64 0.22 0.08 +stochastic disambiguation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +node DSMMM 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.59 +program writing TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +statistical weighting TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +system evaluation technique TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +annotation schemes TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +mapping rules TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.01 +frame element identification TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +french\/english language identification TechTool 0.63 0.34 0.02 0.01 +generation scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +data-acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +minimal attachment principle TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +parser benchmarking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +combined training TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +language structure Linguistics 0.06 0.38 0.22 0.35 +access control TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.02 0.12 +combinatorial dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.01 0.00 +rf modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +adjective Linguistics 0.20 0.44 0.30 0.07 +paninian TechTool 0.49 0.24 0.13 0.13 +name name search TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.00 0.07 +phrase type category Linguistics 0.13 0.49 0.18 0.19 +knowledge-based automate acquisition of grammar TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.01 +phonetic\/orthographic comparison TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.01 +texl meaning representation TechTool 0.64 0.15 0.08 0.13 +intelligent essay assessor TechTool 0.71 0.05 0.24 0.00 +computer-produced text TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.21 0.02 +tagging system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +context-free grammar parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multi-layer perceptron ann TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +metaphor understanding TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.04 0.01 +well-nestedness Linguistics 0.20 0.36 0.31 0.13 +database query applications TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.00 +simultaneous clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +noise suppression other 0.25 0.00 0.56 0.20 +multinomial distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.86 +atis speech recognition TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.04 0.00 +relational calculus TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +ponte language Linguistics 0.06 0.85 0.06 0.03 +hierarchical alignment TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +log-likelihood DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.94 +gclm estimation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +information discovery TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +ccr formalism TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.04 0.03 +data interchange other 0.23 0.02 0.61 0.14 +spelling-correction algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +bayes algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language understanding and parsing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.04 +naturally-occurring discourse Linguistics 0.02 0.58 0.40 0.00 +natural hmgtutge processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +chinese-english machine translation TechTool 0.72 0.25 0.01 0.02 +proficiency test Linguistics 0.01 0.65 0.01 0.33 +delaunay triangulation TechTool 0.68 0.13 0.09 0.10 +syntactic representation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.02 0.10 +situation representation TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.25 0.30 +jensen-shannon divergence TechTool 0.47 0.01 0.17 0.35 +graph rewriting TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +multiword lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +t000-word speaker-independent continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.86 0.08 0.05 0.01 +contextual model DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.79 +word sense enumeration Linguistics 0.30 0.60 0.06 0.03 +ambiguous punctuation other 0.08 0.01 0.91 0.00 +category assignment strategy TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.01 +speech-gesture alignment TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.13 0.01 +selsa language model DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.94 +between-cluster similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.89 +multi-lingual machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.01 +keyword search performance DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +multilingual information extraction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +classifier tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.04 0.29 0.66 +pcfg induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +cluster analysis TechTool 0.74 0.03 0.20 0.03 +syntactical variation other 0.01 0.00 0.59 0.40 +ontological framework TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +phoneme verification TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.23 0.05 +speech act theory other 0.04 0.22 0.74 0.01 +automatic speech recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +topic identification TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.10 0.00 +right-first matching TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +classifier model TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +logical form language TechTool 0.68 0.23 0.04 0.05 +unification formalism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +textual entailment challenge other 0.06 0.00 0.93 0.01 +knowledg ~ representation TechTool 0.77 0.07 0.11 0.04 +parsing model DSMMM 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.62 +attention shifting other 0.01 0.04 0.55 0.40 +document understanding technology TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +phrasal analysis TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.02 +opinion analysis TechTool 0.50 0.05 0.45 0.00 +dialogue-management TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.01 0.00 +extractor TechTool 0.49 0.20 0.18 0.12 +categorial grammar TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.00 0.02 +task-related discourse other 0.09 0.02 0.89 0.00 +selectional association TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +monolingual retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +model fit DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.95 +m l algorithms other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +unsupervised wsd TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +entailment relation other 0.05 0.00 0.59 0.35 +candidate generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +communicative function other 0.09 0.03 0.86 0.01 +diagnostic error TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.26 0.08 +cognitive studies Linguistics 0.00 0.58 0.41 0.00 +markov chain description TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.05 0.13 +minimum-mean log-spectral distance estimation TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.34 +annotation rule TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.01 +fine-tuning parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +automatic sense resolution TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +legal information system TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.48 0.00 +language analyzer TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.02 0.03 +lexical testing TechTool 0.76 0.11 0.12 0.00 +learning rule TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +pair similarity DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.95 +data-driven search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.07 +semantic question other 0.17 0.00 0.79 0.03 +xml-data exchange TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.22 0.07 +non-deterministic strategy TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.21 0.02 +sequence modelling TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +supervised word sense disambiguation TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.00 +knowledge source inference TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +acquisition algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +name normalization TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.00 0.09 +common sense reasoning TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +human-machine dialogue TechTool 0.58 0.21 0.19 0.02 +batch learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +subtype detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +text interpretatio n other 0.14 0.39 0.46 0.01 +complex multi-modal dialogue system TechTool 0.87 0.10 0.03 0.00 +hand-crafted template-based generation component TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +transformation-based learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +cluster method TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.02 0.12 +tableau calculus TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.04 0.00 +syntactic paraphrase Linguistics 0.23 0.65 0.08 0.05 +document matching TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.06 +superclass declaration Linguistics 0.34 0.39 0.23 0.03 +english-japanese dictionary Linguistics 0.06 0.93 0.00 0.00 +sentence-level subjectivity classification TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.04 0.19 +independent continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.04 0.00 +formal structure Linguistics 0.10 0.61 0.16 0.13 +categorization TechTool 0.36 0.25 0.26 0.12 +classification-based generation framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +english-to-chinese transliteration TechTool 0.82 0.14 0.00 0.03 +nonterminal TechTool 0.56 0.09 0.09 0.26 +tree-cut DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.94 +topological dependency DSMMM 0.36 0.05 0.04 0.55 +syntactic structure annotation TechTool 0.81 0.12 0.06 0.01 +English word Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.02 0.04 +dp-based decoding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +phrase-structure grammar development TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.01 0.04 +probabilistic new word detection TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.03 +graph-based generation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +classification-based lenrning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +korean parser TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +token error rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +ie system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +surface realisation other 0.06 0.01 0.84 0.09 +dictionary disambiguation TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.00 0.00 +array other 0.15 0.26 0.30 0.29 +transmission encoding TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.04 0.05 +subject-predicate agreement Linguistics 0.01 0.74 0.10 0.15 +multimodal content-selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +context-independent verification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +humor recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +data-driven query relaxation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.08 0.06 +search results DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.25 0.40 +collocational proportion DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.90 +bootstrapping approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +relevance filtering TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.44 +patent document Linguistics 0.01 0.86 0.12 0.01 +phrase-answer ranking TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.02 0.42 +n-gram-based segmentation method TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +verbalization Linguistics 0.22 0.46 0.24 0.08 +ocr system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +multi-lingual summarization evaluation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +parallel sentence Linguistics 0.10 0.88 0.01 0.01 +language understandlng system TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.02 0.03 +locative expression generation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +text expansion TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +semantic representatio ~ TechTool 0.56 0.17 0.25 0.02 +cascaded classifier TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +one-sentence-one-topic sentence Linguistics 0.41 0.58 0.00 0.01 +feature selection process TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +resourceintensive deep-processing mt TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +long-distance dependencies other 0.01 0.01 0.56 0.42 +derivational equivalence DSMMM 0.09 0.03 0.21 0.66 +source language word Linguistics 0.01 0.80 0.16 0.03 +structural transfer phase TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.29 0.03 +generative capacity DSMMM 0.00 0.06 0.12 0.83 +semantic tagging TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +backing-off estimation TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +answer\/question translation other 0.41 0.02 0.52 0.04 +partial parsin g TechTool 0.64 0.30 0.05 0.01 +english intonation Linguistics 0.03 0.90 0.06 0.02 +segmental structure DSMMM 0.20 0.05 0.32 0.43 +at&t communicator system TechTool 0.66 0.32 0.01 0.00 +cfg category TechTool 0.48 0.20 0.06 0.26 +topsense algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic evaluation metric DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.56 +topic-detection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +story rewriting TechTool 0.88 0.07 0.05 0.01 +statistical co-occurrence analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +nlp TechTool 0.59 0.10 0.15 0.17 +nlu TechTool 0.72 0.05 0.11 0.12 +trec-style evaluation TechTool 0.47 0.01 0.46 0.06 +first-order model TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.01 0.36 +bilingual lexica Linguistics 0.16 0.79 0.01 0.03 +chinese corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +english analysis TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.00 +structure generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +invocation TechTool 0.40 0.37 0.18 0.05 +regularization parameter TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.08 0.14 +word extraction technique TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +discourse marker disambiguation TechTool 0.69 0.29 0.02 0.00 +index representation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +feature collection TechTool 0.80 0.06 0.11 0.03 +keywords indexing TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +feature instantiation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +word-rooted expansion TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.02 0.05 +drs formalism TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.01 0.06 +bayes decision rule TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +difference-list threading TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.19 0.08 +applied computer science TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.07 0.15 +training system TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.01 +n-gram genotype disambiguation TechTool 0.87 0.07 0.02 0.03 +alignment selection method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical tree Linguistics 0.02 0.45 0.29 0.24 +text-and-speech TechTool 0.58 0.11 0.29 0.03 +empty category prediction TechTool 0.86 0.09 0.02 0.04 +discriminative parameter estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.06 +subtopic structuring TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.27 0.01 +word-formation TechTool 0.69 0.28 0.02 0.02 +compositional alignment TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.00 0.02 +multi-level answer resolution TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.16 0.01 +divide-and-conquer approach TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.02 +large-scale grammar development TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.04 0.03 +word definition DSMMM 0.21 0.21 0.08 0.50 +data visualization TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.13 0.19 +run-time performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +grammar optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +template identifier TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +signal detection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +name spotting TechTool 0.68 0.30 0.01 0.02 +adaptive determination TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +model acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +pinyin coding TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +newspaper style detection TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.03 0.00 +modeling technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +probabilistic inference process TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +record keeping DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.23 0.45 +linguistic framework TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.02 0.00 +assumption-based truth-maintenance system TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +video retrieval or summarization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +mwtu recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +multi-layer perceptron TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +feature list Linguistics 0.32 0.56 0.09 0.02 +quantifier movement DSMMM 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.79 +compositional parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +web browser activity other 0.24 0.07 0.57 0.13 +semantics principle DSMMM 0.42 0.01 0.01 0.56 +page classification TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.05 0.21 +wordalignment TechTool 0.72 0.05 0.11 0.12 +similarity-based smoothing TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.36 +hard feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +parse-tree DSMMM 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.70 +lexical cross-relations other 0.01 0.03 0.95 0.00 +dynamic preference assignment TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +hypernym filtering TechTool 0.67 0.02 0.01 0.30 +3-way name discrimination TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.24 0.07 +tipster evaluation TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.40 0.01 +alignment algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +abstract machine TechTool 0.55 0.03 0.31 0.12 +graph unification algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +stochastic search mechanism TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +150m word corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.01 0.11 +vlsi design TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.00 +ace baseline TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.08 0.10 +spontaneous speech recognition TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.18 0.00 +genetic programming TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +ss unitication TechTool 0.77 0.13 0.08 0.01 +unambiguous syntax TechTool 0.55 0.08 0.33 0.04 +web server Linguistics 0.06 0.53 0.39 0.01 +german newspaper text Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.00 +semantic-grammar parse tree DSMMM 0.20 0.02 0.05 0.72 +vowel Linguistics 0.19 0.53 0.18 0.10 +wrapper induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +electronic content authoring TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.41 0.00 +edge counting TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +fisher kernel TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +query expansion\/modification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +synthesiser TechTool 0.49 0.14 0.33 0.04 +english basenp Linguistics 0.19 0.72 0.07 0.02 +unsmoothed phonetic bigram model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +parser system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +space search TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.04 0.11 +ne Linguistics 0.37 0.45 0.09 0.10 +jtag selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +noun phrase processing TechTool 0.75 0.23 0.00 0.02 +corpus bootstrapping TechTool 0.73 0.26 0.00 0.00 +question-based dialogue management TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +sentence-boundary detection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +automatic classification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +ebmt system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +probabilistic context-free grammars TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +cross-domain language modeling TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.06 0.03 +indexing engine TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +euphony process other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.00 +call center DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.75 +posterior distribution DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.97 +frame semantics Linguistics 0.33 0.66 0.00 0.01 +linear structure TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +supervised cross-validation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +lexicon model DSMMM 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.64 +inanimate-cause DSMMM 0.24 0.04 0.25 0.47 +two-pass transfer TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +first order unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +sentence boundary disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +human tutoring corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.08 0.00 +knearest neighbor other 0.37 0.18 0.41 0.04 +knowledge engineering effort other 0.16 0.01 0.82 0.00 +controlled vocabulary other 0.01 0.01 0.84 0.15 +entailment pattern DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.15 0.56 +type hierarchy DSMMM 0.04 0.06 0.39 0.51 +lexical aggregation TechTool 0.60 0.06 0.34 0.00 +progol TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +non-exact selection TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.18 0.03 +individual user other 0.19 0.06 0.75 0.00 +split-and-merge search TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.04 0.10 +phonetic classification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +task completion score DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.09 0.86 +feature type TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.18 0.05 +model context DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.04 0.76 +nlp applications TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +feature structure unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +nt parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +system testing and debugging TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +iterative estimation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +form-based induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +statistical database TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.01 0.01 +locality preserving projection DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.02 0.65 +biomedicine TechTool 0.64 0.13 0.12 0.11 +smoothing distribution DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +english verb mood Linguistics 0.02 0.89 0.09 0.01 +spontaneous speech training TechTool 0.47 0.30 0.22 0.01 +harmonious integration strategy TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +discounting method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +voting classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +compound retrieval method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +middle dutch Linguistics 0.01 0.81 0.17 0.01 +neal-montgomery evaluation TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.03 0.06 +signal quantization TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.33 0.13 +structural-data sparseness DSMMM 0.15 0.01 0.28 0.57 +extraction technology TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +gle document summarization TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.00 +segment modification TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.48 0.02 +vocal tract TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.11 0.31 +chinese phrase structure Linguistics 0.03 0.65 0.00 0.32 +clitic doubling TechTool 0.62 0.11 0.26 0.00 +subordination relation other 0.21 0.00 0.74 0.05 +expressive grammar TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.01 0.15 +stylistic comparison TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.01 +non-conceptual representation DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.13 0.48 +multilingual speech recognition TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +cue selection TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +domain theory other 0.01 0.43 0.55 0.01 +named entity chunking TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.01 0.00 +language-learning material TechTool 0.54 0.05 0.40 0.01 +online training TechTool 0.76 0.13 0.11 0.00 +vertical markovization TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.02 0.23 +maxilnal match TechTool 0.30 0.22 0.29 0.20 +distinct computing agent TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +supertags TechTool 0.45 0.16 0.29 0.10 +table information other 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.35 +model selection algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +verbal modality other 0.02 0.41 0.57 0.00 +feature constraint solver TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +pfr corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +document dating TechTool 0.50 0.09 0.39 0.02 +training\/learning TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.07 0.00 +role-filling TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +restriction relaxation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +dependency length DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 +real-time operation other 0.43 0.00 0.55 0.01 +matrix searching TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +mark-up TechTool 0.77 0.19 0.00 0.03 +augmented pushdown store automata TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +user-controlled interactive search process TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.02 +lenient default unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +document set Linguistics 0.01 0.55 0.42 0.03 +aligning corpora Linguistics 0.25 0.73 0.00 0.02 +constraint-based tagging TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +rhetoric knowledge other 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.00 +marginal likelihood hard-clustering TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +ptb TechTool 0.64 0.10 0.14 0.11 +transcribed speech other 0.00 0.38 0.62 0.00 +gui interaction other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +disk other 0.23 0.12 0.40 0.25 +thac sampling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +lexical insertion TechTool 0.73 0.02 0.24 0.00 +quantitative text Linguistics 0.01 0.53 0.46 0.00 +email message other 0.16 0.09 0.75 0.00 +unlabeled examples Linguistics 0.01 0.73 0.17 0.09 +image ranking TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.04 0.41 +automatic evaluation measure DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.85 +psycholinguistic research other 0.05 0.12 0.83 0.00 +gaussian initialization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +transliteration performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +language classification and prediction TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.06 0.13 +context-free grammatical inference algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +tdt segmentation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +fine-grained verb sense disambiguation TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.04 0.00 +computational gramlnar TechTool 0.71 0.04 0.07 0.18 +hpsg-like grammar TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.00 0.01 +pcfg-la model DSMMM 0.34 0.02 0.00 0.63 +lcs transformation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +lfg grammaticality other 0.26 0.00 0.40 0.34 +detection framework TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +morphological generation ambiguity other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +perl regular expression syntax TechTool 0.74 0.02 0.18 0.05 +lsaguage processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +pp attachment model DSMMM 0.23 0.02 0.00 0.75 +semantic classification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +speech-driven software TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +subset construction determinisation TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.05 0.01 +syntactic propagation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +textual understanding TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.28 0.01 +spoken corpora Linguistics 0.02 0.98 0.00 0.00 +kana-kanji translation TechTool 0.73 0.26 0.01 0.01 +grounded parameter other 0.07 0.01 0.59 0.33 +scmantic type TechTool 0.48 0.05 0.38 0.08 +racing TechTool 0.53 0.09 0.30 0.08 +statistical sentence generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +tags TechTool 0.39 0.30 0.23 0.08 +language modelling TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.08 0.09 +isi rewrite decoder TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +tokenziation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +spontaneous speech other 0.00 0.34 0.65 0.01 +xml schemata TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +ellipsis processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +phrase referent resolution TechTool 0.68 0.32 0.00 0.00 +function word lemmata Linguistics 0.01 0.85 0.12 0.02 +hierarchical direct acyclic graph ( hdag ) kernel TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +message classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +interlinear TechTool 0.56 0.14 0.19 0.12 +text-processing technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +event-based extractive mutli-document summarization TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +chunk type TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.36 0.07 +translation direction other 0.13 0.01 0.73 0.14 +shallow parse TechTool 0.82 0.06 0.01 0.11 +term variant extraction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.15 +prosodic phrase prediction TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.20 +eigenstructure computation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.07 0.26 +kana-kanji converter TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.01 0.01 +graph-based clustering TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +learning system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syntax-based pronoun resolution TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.05 0.01 +picky algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +semantic typing TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.21 0.03 +model structure DSMMM 0.12 0.01 0.00 0.87 +acoustic segmentation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.04 +consistency modeling TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +chart-parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +mt-based retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +episodic memory DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.31 0.35 +verbal inflection Linguistics 0.01 0.52 0.47 0.00 +environment normalization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +transcribed input other 0.01 0.24 0.76 0.00 +monte carlo disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +inverted index TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.02 0.24 +structural event detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +linguistic methodology Linguistics 0.17 0.47 0.35 0.01 +homography TechTool 0.51 0.23 0.18 0.08 +mst algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +word analysis TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.03 0.04 +fragment combining TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +english composition DSMMM 0.19 0.07 0.06 0.68 +analysis method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +large-scale text processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +thematic segment Linguistics 0.15 0.52 0.31 0.02 +intra-sentence segmentation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.02 0.10 +ambiguous words Linguistics 0.00 0.61 0.38 0.00 +pointwise mutual information DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.28 0.69 +query composing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.02 0.17 +logical schema TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +facerecognition TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +control structure TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.08 0.14 +modality analysis TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +syntactic collocation Linguistics 0.12 0.78 0.01 0.09 +expert system shell TechTool 0.64 0.35 0.01 0.00 +confidence boosting TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +net deduction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +local multisequence alignment TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.02 0.11 +thesaurus updating TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +semi-supervised bootstrapping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +oil-rdfs ontology TechTool 0.81 0.15 0.01 0.03 +chinese tokenization TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +concepttml sematltics TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +discretisation TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +large scale grammar TechTool 0.40 0.32 0.02 0.26 +decision tree base approach TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +reestimation TechTool 0.77 0.08 0.08 0.07 +muc corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.87 0.06 0.07 +machine modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +style other 0.03 0.13 0.63 0.21 +table extraction DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.24 0.70 +eye movement other 0.00 0.00 0.69 0.30 +record extraction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +recognizing textual entailment TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.45 0.02 +variant selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ner tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +model-theoretic coreference scoring TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +tile definition TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.18 0.06 +HDAGs TechTool 0.63 0.18 0.11 0.08 +two-layer indexing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +hierarchical structure TechTool 0.49 0.07 0.17 0.26 +transformation learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +anaphora resolution system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unit clause TechTool 0.43 0.29 0.27 0.01 +semantic role classifier TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +hyponymy extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +grammar design and development TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.44 0.01 +noninteractional monologue Linguistics 0.20 0.43 0.29 0.07 +p p attachment ambiguity DSMMM 0.10 0.01 0.21 0.68 +inter-coder agreement DSMMM 0.03 0.16 0.06 0.75 +dm identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +metaphorical use TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.12 0.35 +cooperative answering TechTool 0.65 0.27 0.08 0.00 +comparative processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +user interfaces TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.13 0.02 +part-of-speech information other 0.41 0.13 0.45 0.01 +pc-kimmo-v2 system TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.00 0.02 +naive bayes classifiers TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +german language Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.03 0.00 +part-of-speech trigram TechTool 0.67 0.29 0.02 0.02 +declarative expression DSMMM 0.25 0.07 0.08 0.60 +authorship verification and recognition TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +belief revision TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +item derivation other 0.41 0.00 0.58 0.01 +semantic generalisation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.13 0.13 +parse structure Linguistics 0.20 0.49 0.11 0.20 +unlabeled instance selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +meta query language other 0.37 0.07 0.51 0.05 +categorial grammar grammar induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +heuristic segmentation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +segment identification TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +learning mechanism TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +discourse parser TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.01 0.00 +sennheiser close-talking microphone TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.27 0.16 +vector-based clustering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +tree bank tags Linguistics 0.03 0.81 0.01 0.15 +spelling correction method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +subject inversion other 0.00 0.22 0.77 0.01 +list induction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +slot labeling TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.00 +non-terminal symbol DSMMM 0.18 0.28 0.18 0.35 +exemplar-based learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +wrapper induction approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialogue generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +bracketed corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.01 0.04 +second language teaching TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +multi-lingual summarization TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 +xml-based generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +rule-based method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +multi-agent question answering TechTool 0.79 0.18 0.03 0.00 +human-like dialogue TechTool 0.58 0.35 0.06 0.01 +linear kernel TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +no-grammar recognizer TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +protein interaction extraction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +task-related plan other 0.26 0.00 0.72 0.02 +treebank corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +task-oriented language learning TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.00 +sentence combination TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.01 0.18 +exbert system interface TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +supervised\/reinforcement learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +okapi algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +category cooccurrence restrictions DSMMM 0.05 0.17 0.18 0.60 +model pruning TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +chunk grammar organization TechTool 0.49 0.02 0.13 0.35 +brill tagger TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +linear regression model TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.36 +push-down mechanisn ~ TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.05 0.12 +bidirectional grammar generation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +partial-data model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.91 +intonational stress Linguistics 0.06 0.51 0.06 0.37 +real-word error correction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.07 0.06 +word data Linguistics 0.00 0.76 0.08 0.16 +pool sampling TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.07 +dialog control TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.22 0.10 +broad-coverage parsing system TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.02 0.05 +pagerank sense disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +hand-coded direct-transfer TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +semantic description TechTool 0.39 0.10 0.37 0.13 +compounds Linguistics 0.25 0.34 0.21 0.20 +sense disambiguation problem other 0.47 0.00 0.53 0.00 +relational query language TechTool 0.54 0.15 0.02 0.28 +thematic vowel Linguistics 0.00 0.76 0.21 0.03 +treebank TechTool 0.41 0.37 0.11 0.11 +verb discovery TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.02 0.00 +pos class Linguistics 0.15 0.60 0.18 0.07 +relative clause modification TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +translation target language Linguistics 0.05 0.87 0.06 0.02 +chunking model TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +inflection other 0.11 0.24 0.53 0.12 +attribute-value pair TechTool 0.47 0.08 0.01 0.45 +structure induction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +tree-growing TechTool 0.75 0.03 0.04 0.18 +cascaded markov models DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.57 +lexical sparsity other 0.02 0.36 0.62 0.00 +property inheritance TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.05 0.14 +transfer learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unit clause analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +bitext mapping TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.19 0.08 +logical analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +french inflection Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.04 0.00 +table-driver parsing TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.10 0.17 +sequential storage TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +constraint interaction TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +text abridging TechTool 0.71 0.07 0.13 0.09 +effective communication TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +parse filtering TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +dependency unification grammar TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.00 0.13 +scalable text summarization TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.03 0.00 +track data set DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.47 0.53 +concept-to-speech TechTool 0.80 0.16 0.01 0.03 +standard data-driven decision-tree induction algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +data selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +bandpass-filtered telephone speech other 0.11 0.05 0.77 0.08 +office automation other 0.31 0.00 0.68 0.00 +legal summarisation TechTool 0.38 0.31 0.31 0.00 +multi-linguism TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.00 0.00 +abbreviations recognition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +entity assemblance algorithm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.07 +text access \ TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.00 0.01 +back-off estimation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +latin alphabet Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.16 0.01 +knowledge-based generation system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multi-class classification problem TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +context Linguistics 0.16 0.58 0.20 0.06 +conversational speech other 0.01 0.05 0.92 0.02 +comlex-lfg mapping TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +n-pron resolution TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.02 0.00 +member selection TechTool 0.79 0.17 0.04 0.00 +snippet retrieval TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +science literature Linguistics 0.00 0.55 0.45 0.00 +co-occurrence principle DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.11 0.46 +binary relations other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.00 +spurious ambiguity other 0.01 0.00 0.96 0.03 +chart entry TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +tge TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.11 0.10 +spoken dialogue Linguistics 0.22 0.63 0.15 0.00 +informationseeking query other 0.20 0.34 0.39 0.06 +discourse model DSMMM 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.93 +american national corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +java TechTool 0.46 0.10 0.22 0.22 +atomic feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tile representation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.04 0.10 +computational linguistics annotation TechTool 0.44 0.30 0.13 0.13 +nite automaton TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.05 0.01 +detection time TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.04 0.19 +disambiguating word TechTool 0.84 0.06 0.03 0.07 +recognition grammar TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.02 +multivalued feature TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.09 0.20 +discourse annotation tool TechTool 0.75 0.04 0.22 0.00 +word-error correction TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.21 +feature matching TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +recogniton TechTool 0.59 0.19 0.11 0.11 +training resource Linguistics 0.05 0.87 0.03 0.05 +grammatical marker Linguistics 0.32 0.67 0.01 0.00 +iterative expectation-maximization approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +grammatical role Linguistics 0.03 0.51 0.46 0.00 +orthography Linguistics 0.10 0.52 0.34 0.04 +frequency analysis DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.85 +conceptual processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +ranking rule TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.03 0.26 +chaos parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +beam search TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.17 +knowledge filter module other 0.30 0.00 0.69 0.00 +language underslanding TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +boundary identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +language knowledge other 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.00 +grammar \ TechTool 0.60 0.37 0.00 0.03 +virtual learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +grammatical inference TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +viterbi algorithm \ TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +vp formation TechTool 0.52 0.44 0.04 0.00 +language decoder TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.03 +inference algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +f-description solution TechTool 0.41 0.36 0.02 0.21 +semantic collocations Linguistics 0.00 0.71 0.08 0.21 +incremental process other 0.10 0.00 0.90 0.00 +automated thesaurus discovery TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +non-transitive differentiation other 0.25 0.03 0.55 0.17 +domain knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +morphological features other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.00 +interactive communication TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.46 0.00 +language recogniser TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.24 0.06 +competitive grouping TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +data exchange other 0.06 0.00 0.59 0.35 +dialogue summarization TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +word sentiment classification TechTool 0.59 0.35 0.03 0.03 +rewrite system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +functionalprogram TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +syntactic function assignment TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.12 0.01 +subcategorization frame extraction TechTool 0.92 0.08 0.00 0.00 +regular expressions other 0.00 0.10 0.88 0.02 +maximum-likelihood DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.77 +dependency parse TechTool 0.39 0.25 0.01 0.36 +paraphrase corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.84 0.00 0.15 +subcategorisation frame TechTool 0.59 0.36 0.03 0.01 +arabic treebank Linguistics 0.07 0.89 0.03 0.00 +snap natural language processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +data extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +dependent vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.60 0.27 0.14 +semantic distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.79 +description unification TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +text classication TechTool 0.69 0.22 0.09 0.01 +self-supervised learning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +syntactic ambiguity other 0.12 0.00 0.87 0.01 +lexical head other 0.00 0.47 0.53 0.00 +answer selection TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.13 +speech generation and comprehension TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +tfs representation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.06 0.21 +context unification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +text analysis or generation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +prolog unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +constraint handling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multi-level parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic ewluation TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.10 0.11 +metarule application TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +voice technology TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +distance function DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.83 +model size DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +dialog other 0.10 0.32 0.50 0.08 +noise filtering TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.02 0.39 +mnemonic text other 0.05 0.41 0.54 0.00 +selectional constraints TechTool 0.58 0.14 0.27 0.01 +abnormaliteiten TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +adjacency relationship other 0.03 0.00 0.49 0.48 +large-vocabulary speech recognition TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.03 0.00 +lvc classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 +parsing interface TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +memory-based learning method TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.04 +context window other 0.32 0.06 0.47 0.16 +output-distribution adaptation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.08 0.13 +rhetorical action other 0.07 0.17 0.76 0.01 +trigram language model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.97 +conceptual graphs DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.93 +pen-based interaction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +spoken language research other 0.40 0.09 0.52 0.00 +biological sequence other 0.07 0.39 0.54 0.00 +query generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +base phrase identification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +pronoun production TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +semitic languages Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.03 0.00 +subjectivity summarization TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.00 +cognitive dissonance other 0.12 0.15 0.72 0.01 +statistical significance DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.29 0.56 +back propagation DSMMM 0.27 0.00 0.03 0.70 +rule activation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.04 +spomaneous dictation Linguistics 0.32 0.42 0.21 0.05 +parse tree kernel TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.00 0.46 +tree pruning TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +susanne corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +compound nominal Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.01 0.00 +phonological research other 0.12 0.13 0.75 0.00 +system development TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +singular-value decomposition TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +association measure DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.83 +translation engine TechTool 0.79 0.04 0.11 0.06 +bracketed corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.01 0.04 +vp ellipsis TechTool 0.50 0.27 0.23 0.00 +cut-off criterion DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.61 +automattc summanzauon TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.11 0.08 +deductive reasoning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +dictionary automata Linguistics 0.23 0.73 0.01 0.03 +verb frame Linguistics 0.06 0.93 0.01 0.00 +end-user other 0.29 0.03 0.67 0.02 +time recognition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.07 0.05 +pronunciation extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +retrieval model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +modular parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +augmented rgraph construction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +redundancy evaluation DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.04 0.48 +automatic speech synthesis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +silnulated annealing TechTool 0.65 0.06 0.22 0.06 +shallow chunk TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.05 0.11 +syntactico-semantic analysis TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.03 +entailment computation TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.07 0.46 +qc system TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +ontological generalization TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.02 0.29 +event information other 0.01 0.02 0.96 0.00 +cky-like chart parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +topic classifier TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.00 0.01 +optimalization TechTool 0.63 0.12 0.13 0.13 +utterance intention inference TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +grammar adaptation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +childes database Linguistics 0.37 0.46 0.16 0.01 +coherence scoring TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +name analysis TechTool 0.83 0.15 0.01 0.01 +topic boundary recognition TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.00 +rounds-manaster-ramer calculus TechTool 0.88 0.07 0.04 0.01 +x-bar theory Linguistics 0.28 0.50 0.01 0.21 +question-answer ing TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.01 +temporal anchoring TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.35 0.00 +subtopic boundary TechTool 0.63 0.03 0.34 0.01 +pos information other 0.04 0.01 0.95 0.00 +web documents Linguistics 0.00 0.81 0.13 0.06 +japanese language processing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +untensed representation TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.03 0.15 +pronunciation scoring TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.07 0.13 +lhe problem learning other 0.36 0.00 0.64 0.00 +pdt construction TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +open source license Linguistics 0.28 0.60 0.10 0.02 +shortest-distance DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.94 +knowledge induction TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +incremental approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +english-to-asl mt TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +iterative learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +feedback engine TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.42 0.01 +translation score DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.92 +binary segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +retrieval technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pglr-based syntactic analysis TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.02 +cross-lingual information retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.04 +image understanding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.07 +forward-predictive forward function composition rule TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +technical terminology Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.47 0.00 +cross-validation experiment TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.17 0.01 +japanese compound noun Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.01 +event representation and resolution TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +structuralist TechTool 0.49 0.24 0.13 0.13 +parsing algorithm \ TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +run-time optimization TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +sharedplan TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.15 0.11 +lazy incremental copy graph unification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +video summarization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +vowel articulation other 0.02 0.13 0.79 0.07 +montague semantics Linguistics 0.24 0.76 0.00 0.00 +temporal expression other 0.09 0.00 0.46 0.45 +speech research other 0.10 0.11 0.79 0.00 +discovery learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +lexical meaning Linguistics 0.01 0.76 0.23 0.00 +syntactic constructions Linguistics 0.02 0.61 0.36 0.00 +real-time search TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.12 0.03 +conectionist network DSMMM 0.39 0.01 0.01 0.59 +unsupervised probabilistic answer type model DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.03 0.71 +tribayes TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +gibbs sampling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +syntax-to-syntax transfer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +pseudo-rule TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +user model DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.97 +supervised rule induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +data-oriented processing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +morphological change other 0.03 0.00 0.95 0.01 +frequency score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +suffix morpheme Linguistics 0.13 0.85 0.01 0.00 +xml-application TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +tile chunking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +portioning other 0.18 0.21 0.33 0.28 +vp rule-pattern TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.03 +data-processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +collocation pattern DSMMM 0.21 0.06 0.01 0.72 +linguistic pattern DSMMM 0.28 0.02 0.18 0.52 +document summarisation TechTool 0.57 0.37 0.06 0.00 +human gene name Linguistics 0.03 0.64 0.32 0.01 +determiner-np agreement Linguistics 0.03 0.51 0.01 0.44 +phrase structure parser TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.00 0.03 +language modeling approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +random guess Linguistics 0.09 0.83 0.03 0.05 +heuristic parse model ( hpm ) DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.59 +template relation TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.32 0.06 +obstacle detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sentence ordering TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.07 0.14 +syntactic knowledge other 0.05 0.03 0.92 0.00 +semantic synonym Linguistics 0.19 0.70 0.10 0.02 +syntactic categorization TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +user satisfaction DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.07 0.64 +rule-based sentence planner TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +similarity scoring DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.70 +discourse topic Linguistics 0.00 0.64 0.35 0.00 +selectional restriction acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +human transliterator TechTool 0.54 0.06 0.37 0.04 +errorreduction learning other 0.23 0.17 0.42 0.18 +relevance ranking DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.03 0.72 +coordination analysis and disambiguation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +lenrning TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +webgenre tagging TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.04 0.01 +linguistics-based pruning TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +transformational grammar TechTool 0.72 0.26 0.00 0.01 +semantic translation TechTool 0.79 0.12 0.08 0.02 +computerresponse selection algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +proposecut TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +boyer-moore search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +polarity filtering TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.07 +temporal processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +kuhn-munkres TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.02 0.01 +distributional classification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +ontosem text processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +vocabulary learning other 0.05 0.30 0.62 0.04 +user satisfaction model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.90 +memory-based classifier TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +domain recognizer TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +out-of-vocabulary rate DSMMM 0.18 0.09 0.00 0.73 +multiclass perceptron TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +restrictive premodification TechTool 0.47 0.11 0.41 0.01 +name discrimination TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.01 0.03 +adaptive learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +automatic term acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +data-extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +ontological relation extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +semantic type checking TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.17 0.19 +noun groups Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +inductive logic TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +rule expansion TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +parse tree selection TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +mit fast parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +finite state formalism TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.22 0.00 +model-based adaptation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +word processor TechTool 0.47 0.44 0.00 0.09 +automatic word spacing TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.02 0.04 +parse tree DSMMM 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.86 +rule invocation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +tokenization implementation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +document classification and retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +cxalnple-based disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +cue occurrence and placement other 0.03 0.01 0.54 0.43 +word-alignment task TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.01 +definite reference resolution TechTool 0.82 0.15 0.03 0.00 +syntactic evidence Linguistics 0.31 0.42 0.27 0.01 +computer architecture and system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +recording environment TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +noun indexing TechTool 0.74 0.25 0.00 0.01 +translation candidate Linguistics 0.33 0.34 0.27 0.06 +recursive algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +s6gmentation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +language analysis TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.12 0.02 +logical representation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.20 +first-order class grammar TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.02 0.02 +training corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +subword clustering TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.00 0.12 +computational overhead DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.15 0.82 +multilinguality TechTool 0.46 0.05 0.44 0.05 +tree-adjoining grammar \ TechTool 0.75 0.23 0.00 0.02 +tile attribute TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.19 0.08 +feedback behavior other 0.02 0.00 0.95 0.03 +bottom-up analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.04 +lenguage processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +average silhouette value DSMMM 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.94 +constituent alignment TechTool 0.85 0.08 0.05 0.02 +head transduction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +source selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +waveform coding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.01 +chinese text indexing TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +non-deterministic parsing choices TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.36 0.04 +trigram model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +semantic language model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.94 +probabilistic output other 0.11 0.00 0.82 0.07 +languagc undcrstanding TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.12 0.14 +unification grammar framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +glossary item other 0.27 0.17 0.54 0.02 +tree indexing TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +termclustering TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +ssm training TechTool 0.90 0.06 0.01 0.03 +automated text generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +individual marker Linguistics 0.47 0.50 0.03 0.00 +korean language engineering TechTool 0.59 0.38 0.03 0.01 +path building TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +large-vocabulary speech Linguistics 0.09 0.75 0.13 0.02 +syntactic composition TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.06 0.43 +lemma Linguistics 0.21 0.47 0.24 0.08 +classification error TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.13 +target text Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.11 0.00 +context-based translation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +failure of reference other 0.22 0.02 0.75 0.01 +trigram tagger TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +personal learning TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +repair correction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +phrase-representation summarization TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +histogram comparison TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +cl\/nlp TechTool 0.79 0.08 0.12 0.00 +example-based machine translation null TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.04 0.24 +linguistic work other 0.09 0.19 0.72 0.00 +dialogue move tree DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.17 0.80 +web-based answer DSMMM 0.10 0.30 0.06 0.54 +queries other 0.10 0.38 0.48 0.04 +morphological analysis nlodel TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.07 0.00 +classifier-based deterministic dependency parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +document categorization \ TechTool 0.67 0.33 0.00 0.00 +simulated annealing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +binding algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +syntactic equality TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.10 0.06 +greedy pruning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +dla TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.13 +ccg parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +combined selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +phrase acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +language question-answering system TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +speech repairs other 0.24 0.01 0.75 0.00 +biomedical annotation TechTool 0.39 0.38 0.23 0.00 +idf matching TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +term weighting scheme TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.34 +query tree DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.91 +bottom-up active chart parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +sub-language Linguistics 0.09 0.67 0.23 0.02 +functional dependency parser TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +undirected graph DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.01 0.63 +thresholded marker-passing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +descriptor selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +transformation-based tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +linguistic data consortium other 0.02 0.18 0.75 0.05 +intonation modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +entry comparison TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +arabic ir TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.00 +lr parsing strategy TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.03 +hindi Linguistics 0.11 0.75 0.08 0.07 +domain relevancy other 0.07 0.05 0.51 0.37 +concept discovery TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +adverb placement other 0.23 0.16 0.44 0.17 +unsupervised sentence extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +german text processing TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.02 0.00 +similarity extension DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.91 +unknown word identification TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +parse reranking TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.06 +augment case marker system TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.01 +incremental language generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +data-oriented parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +template element TechTool 0.79 0.05 0.13 0.03 +lulowledge engineering TechTool 0.53 0.09 0.29 0.08 +parsed corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.03 0.01 +sequence processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +semantic idiosyncrasy other 0.07 0.03 0.83 0.07 +patent map DSMMM 0.06 0.38 0.13 0.43 +knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +translation test set Linguistics 0.01 0.80 0.12 0.08 +polynomial time approximation DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.03 0.69 +constrainl propagation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.07 +chunk parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +parameter-crucial learning TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +man-machine interaction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +information theory other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.00 +transformational theory Linguistics 0.29 0.44 0.27 0.00 +english parse tree DSMMM 0.03 0.17 0.03 0.77 +disambiguation model TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +vowel restoration other 0.20 0.07 0.65 0.08 +interlingua Linguistics 0.27 0.43 0.22 0.08 +lexical agreement other 0.00 0.30 0.65 0.04 +information extraction processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +style analysis TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +frame alignment TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +multiple marker occurrence TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.00 +frameset tagging TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.04 0.00 +normative model DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.94 +two-stage recognition TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +head word Linguistics 0.01 0.82 0.12 0.05 +heuristic parsing model DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.66 +term-based ir TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.00 0.26 +narrow classification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +system response accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.95 +distribution modeling TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +bayes risk decoding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +adjunct attachment TechTool 0.47 0.35 0.10 0.08 +dependency information other 0.01 0.01 0.94 0.05 +inference-based parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +inheritance principle TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.01 0.31 +reverse translation model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.91 +forward-backward training TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +qlf contextual resolution component TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +subject\/verb agreement Linguistics 0.00 0.76 0.20 0.04 +speech summarisation system TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.01 +extrasentential meaning Linguistics 0.06 0.84 0.08 0.02 +english telephone speech Linguistics 0.08 0.53 0.37 0.02 +semantic feature TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.09 0.15 +information security other 0.08 0.00 0.91 0.00 +markov model theory DSMMM 0.18 0.01 0.02 0.80 +language portability other 0.02 0.03 0.56 0.39 +interactive search process TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +hypertext mark-up language Linguistics 0.29 0.68 0.01 0.01 +fragmentary syntax TechTool 0.54 0.05 0.37 0.03 +tone realization TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.30 0.16 +temporal specification TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.01 +adaptive text extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +parametertuning method other 0.21 0.23 0.29 0.27 +progressive training TechTool 0.64 0.30 0.04 0.02 +acoustic model training DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.66 +subject-to-subject raising TechTool 0.64 0.14 0.22 0.01 +relation tagging TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.01 +speaker-normalization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +robertson\/spark jones weight DSMMM 0.10 0.25 0.07 0.58 +prepositional phrase Linguistics 0.10 0.90 0.00 0.00 +backchannel feedback other 0.34 0.00 0.65 0.00 +recall-precision graph DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +language generator module TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +wsj treebank Linguistics 0.03 0.90 0.02 0.05 +tile archilecture TechTool 0.57 0.12 0.15 0.16 +parser design and implementation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +interlingua-based translation TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.01 0.02 +multimodal calendar management TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.03 0.00 +visuolinguistic ezplanation planning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +distribution clustering DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.56 +maximumlikelihood TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +anaphora resolution mechanism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +english word pronunciation Linguistics 0.03 0.76 0.18 0.02 +wh-question Linguistics 0.30 0.36 0.33 0.01 +event description Linguistics 0.18 0.44 0.34 0.04 +dependency analyzer TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.00 0.06 +perceptron learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +world ontology Linguistics 0.00 0.62 0.31 0.07 +knowledge-representation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +word tokenization TechTool 0.87 0.09 0.02 0.02 +interactive web search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +threshold pruning DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.76 +radial basis function Linguistics 0.03 0.46 0.27 0.23 +sentence-by-sentence basis Linguistics 0.08 0.47 0.01 0.45 +grammar testing and debugging TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +pseudorandom number generator TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +recognition engine TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +optimal integer programming TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.06 0.06 +entropy regularization TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +spoken dialogue design TechTool 0.57 0.01 0.42 0.00 +verbal position other 0.00 0.39 0.61 0.01 +cross-linguality TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.05 0.05 +nl processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +parsing strategy \ TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +extensional equivalence DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.32 0.66 +word deletion TechTool 0.85 0.07 0.08 0.01 +linguistics framework Linguistics 0.47 0.50 0.02 0.01 +parsing evaluation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +semantic equivalence relation other 0.01 0.00 0.62 0.37 +date detection TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +decision tree classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +unmasking procedure TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +phone string classification TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.04 +entailment probability estimation DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.69 +predicate-argument Linguistics 0.06 0.90 0.03 0.02 +regression line adjustment TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.07 0.05 +distributed speech processing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +entropy-based machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +syntactic construction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.01 +state-specific language model DSMMM 0.33 0.01 0.10 0.56 +asr transcription TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.03 +analogical modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +il-based approach TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +verb subcategorization Linguistics 0.06 0.92 0.02 0.00 +frequency estimator DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +clir test collection Linguistics 0.25 0.70 0.02 0.03 +dialog systems TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +title summarization TechTool 0.71 0.28 0.01 0.00 +inflectional morphology component other 0.02 0.41 0.57 0.00 +phrasal model DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.91 +edge deletion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +sentence fusion TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.27 +subgrammar TechTool 0.61 0.17 0.12 0.10 +annotation transfer procedure TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +extraction template TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +disjunction-processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word sense division other 0.25 0.30 0.40 0.05 +ordinal regression problem other 0.35 0.00 0.65 0.00 +bayesian decision theory TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +simplex classification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +type collection index other 0.45 0.05 0.48 0.02 +natural language understanding TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +supervised probabilistic pronoun resolution TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +phonetic representation TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.10 0.26 +training method TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.01 +namcd entity DSMMM 0.04 0.20 0.31 0.45 +classification research TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.13 0.00 +sentence generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +broadcast information service other 0.26 0.00 0.73 0.00 +uniform probability DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.96 +tagger model TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +diagnostic tool TechTool 0.80 0.02 0.18 0.00 +discourse connectivity DSMMM 0.06 0.06 0.40 0.47 +labial transition other 0.26 0.00 0.68 0.06 +dictionary generation TechTool 0.90 0.10 0.00 0.00 +statistical machine translation system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +classification scheme TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dynamic-programming parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sentence boundary TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.07 0.09 +source-language Linguistics 0.22 0.75 0.03 0.01 +error estimation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +category compatibility DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.16 0.75 +long sentence segmentation TechTool 0.87 0.06 0.05 0.02 +document storage TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +aligned document Linguistics 0.01 0.78 0.21 0.00 +functional unification grammar TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +class-based grammar TechTool 0.75 0.07 0.00 0.18 +intrinsic evaluation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.06 0.21 +multi-system integration TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +n-gram selection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.10 +name entity recognizer TechTool 0.82 0.08 0.03 0.06 +classification TechTool 0.62 0.07 0.22 0.09 +attribute relation graph DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.24 0.54 +bayesian logistic regression TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information retrieval system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +statistical organization model DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.76 +feature map model DSMMM 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.84 +conversation-focus detection TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.25 0.07 +textual information other 0.01 0.00 0.99 0.00 +nilc corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +word transfer TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.28 +error correction software TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +sources of information other 0.12 0.13 0.75 0.00 +rdf-schema TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.02 +annotation approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lnorphology analysis TechTool 0.71 0.07 0.17 0.05 +letter-to-phone conversion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +local learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +automatic chinese language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +closing utterance other 0.29 0.05 0.64 0.02 +concepts other 0.21 0.28 0.32 0.19 +natural-language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +chinese nouns Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.04 +trainable approach TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +tree growing DSMMM 0.22 0.03 0.20 0.55 +story segmentation TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.14 0.00 +context similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.12 0.87 +celex database TechTool 0.66 0.24 0.09 0.00 +variable-length semantic pattern induction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.03 0.14 +open-domain question answering TechTool 0.71 0.19 0.10 0.01 +feature construction and selection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +paraphrase probability DSMMM 0.00 0.07 0.01 0.92 +disambiguation tool TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +personal pronoun resolution TechTool 0.84 0.13 0.03 0.00 +feedback cleaning TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.49 0.00 +equivalence testing DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.04 0.55 +human speech perception other 0.01 0.30 0.65 0.03 +two-stage classification TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +beam search pruning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +grammar hypothesis TechTool 0.35 0.02 0.29 0.35 +knowledge transportation other 0.35 0.05 0.60 0.00 +agenda-based scheduling parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +head feature convention TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.20 0.05 +feedback other 0.38 0.04 0.55 0.03 +entity disambiguation and clustering TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +name length DSMMM 0.00 0.25 0.02 0.74 +svm computation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +caseframe parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +anaphora structure TechTool 0.54 0.23 0.22 0.01 +semantic authoring TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.00 +lexical rules other 0.27 0.01 0.72 0.00 +atis0 test set Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.10 0.06 +tense inflection other 0.37 0.25 0.38 0.00 +zoning TechTool 0.65 0.07 0.24 0.05 +em-based word alignment TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +natural language learning TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +log-linear estimation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +interactive natural language access TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +tree-transducer TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.00 0.44 +expert-system knowledge acqtfisition TechTool 0.81 0.16 0.03 0.00 +error metric DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.93 +retrieving multimedia TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +constituent analysis TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.19 0.01 +modular pattern acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +cutoff pruning TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +biology entity Linguistics 0.01 0.54 0.41 0.04 +nl consultation system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +accent placement DSMMM 0.31 0.01 0.16 0.52 +index-based training TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.04 +role-determining process TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +atn TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +flame-synchronous beam search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +symbol manipulation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.05 +packing method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +sentence chunking and parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.04 +scatter\/gather document clustering TechTool 0.78 0.07 0.02 0.13 +hierarchical knowledge other 0.06 0.00 0.94 0.00 +engllsh-japanese machine translation TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.00 0.01 +nominal coreference Linguistics 0.43 0.55 0.01 0.00 +summarization process TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.48 0.00 +answer validation TechTool 0.69 0.07 0.08 0.15 +hypothesis formation TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.42 0.02 +user habitability other 0.03 0.14 0.66 0.18 +exhaustive coindexation TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.00 +random walk TechTool 0.63 0.33 0.00 0.05 +phrasal integration TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +morpho-syntactic structure TechTool 0.48 0.20 0.22 0.10 +parsing re-ranking TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.06 0.09 +syntactic generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +subcorpus TechTool 0.52 0.24 0.13 0.10 +question categorization TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +controlled experimentation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +singular common noun phrase Linguistics 0.06 0.91 0.01 0.01 +computer-assisted translation TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.00 +binary branching trees TechTool 0.50 0.02 0.08 0.39 +alignment information other 0.48 0.00 0.52 0.00 +personalisation TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +georelevance TechTool 0.55 0.17 0.15 0.14 +text similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.94 +kneser-ney smoothing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +corpus-based induetion TechTool 0.62 0.32 0.00 0.06 +gradient optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +rm corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.00 0.02 +region finding TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.15 0.09 +tipster architecture TechTool 0.67 0.02 0.31 0.00 +dialogue system development TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.26 0.00 +semantic-head-driven generator TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +semi-supervised classification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +acoustic noise DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.39 0.58 +categorial treatment TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.05 0.00 +statistical surface generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +single-pass clustering TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.00 0.02 +automatic keyword extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +verb phrase fronting Linguistics 0.04 0.90 0.01 0.05 +genonlc hmm TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +multi-stack decoding TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +acoustic recording environment other 0.46 0.00 0.49 0.05 +french sentence Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +sequence training TechTool 0.60 0.22 0.17 0.00 +probabilistic reasoning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +content selection and generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +nooj grammar development TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +single-sentence realization TechTool 0.83 0.13 0.00 0.03 +shortest-path TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.01 0.26 +cross-validation method TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +system-user interaction TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.00 +corpus querying Linguistics 0.28 0.70 0.00 0.01 +visual logic TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +sister-head relationship other 0.33 0.02 0.59 0.06 +transportable understanding mechanism TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +qa framework TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +system repsonse other 0.35 0.15 0.43 0.07 +token recombination TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.09 0.12 +English sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.02 0.04 +spoken dialogue system TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.01 0.00 +image categorization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.03 +chinese constituency parsing TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +ie-based question analysis TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.01 +compound bracketing TechTool 0.78 0.13 0.01 0.09 +many-to-one relationship TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.00 +syntactic projection TechTool 0.49 0.02 0.06 0.43 +modification pattern TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.11 0.30 +language data Linguistics 0.00 0.58 0.30 0.11 +non-peripheral extraction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.03 +collocation network DSMMM 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.74 +subtree search TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +skip-and-fit recovery TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.09 0.08 +incremental generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +topology DSMMM 0.19 0.22 0.26 0.33 +slot filler detection TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.00 0.02 +exical cohesion other 0.41 0.00 0.56 0.03 +question analysis TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +summarization evaluation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +grammar format TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +genre-specific reference resolution TechTool 0.51 0.40 0.10 0.00 +rule schemata TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +maximum likelihood estimate DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +special-effects generator TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +maximum a posteriori estimation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +technical vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.60 0.38 0.02 +parse-based evaluation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.01 0.25 +disambiguation algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +domain entity other 0.01 0.19 0.61 0.19 +syntactic phrase Linguistics 0.18 0.78 0.00 0.03 +screen anaphora resolution TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.15 0.00 +comparative summarization evaluation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +translation lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.02 0.02 +tagging-system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +hand-tagged corpora Linguistics 0.05 0.94 0.00 0.00 +parameter settings TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.31 0.07 +vector-space engine TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +bilingual tree alignment TechTool 0.65 0.07 0.00 0.28 +input other 0.06 0.20 0.67 0.07 +japanese natural language processing TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.02 0.00 +heuristic estimation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +linguistic tools TechTool 0.81 0.09 0.10 0.00 +unsupervised relation disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +monte carlo analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +wordaligned corpus Linguistics 0.04 0.75 0.10 0.11 +seed selection TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +letter-to-phoneme conversion TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.01 +finite-state morphology TechTool 0.43 0.38 0.19 0.00 +attentional mechanism TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.39 0.01 +summary sentence identification TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.02 0.14 +segment-based information other 0.13 0.00 0.83 0.04 +independence metropolis-hastings TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.06 0.01 +semi-supervised algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syntactic parse TechTool 0.59 0.34 0.03 0.04 +computational linguistics teaching TechTool 0.54 0.10 0.34 0.02 +frame disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +relational programming TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +functional grammar unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +fast matching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +dialogue state identifier other 0.39 0.10 0.48 0.02 +automated language analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +dico database Linguistics 0.32 0.56 0.10 0.02 +penn tag set Linguistics 0.02 0.56 0.42 0.00 +uncertainty-based strategy TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.01 +text-based dialogue TechTool 0.55 0.25 0.18 0.03 +gb parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +language learning and processing TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.00 +antonymy information other 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.03 +semantic parallelism other 0.14 0.00 0.72 0.14 +open domain other 0.11 0.43 0.43 0.03 +similarity judgment DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.85 +circus system TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +japanese grapheme-phoneme alignment TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 +real-time dialogue understanding TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.16 0.03 +reductionistic parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +dialogues Linguistics 0.16 0.66 0.15 0.04 +goal recognition TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +tokenisation routine TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.47 0.00 +tile structure TechTool 0.53 0.08 0.26 0.14 +dynamic programming recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +synchronisation other 0.18 0.13 0.52 0.16 +semantic value DSMMM 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.85 +form-based resolution TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +dialogue datum other 0.23 0.21 0.43 0.13 +isolatedword recognition TechTool 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.07 +concept tagging TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +distributional clustering TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.10 +correspondence-guided parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +decision-tree generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +rule compiler TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +visual input other 0.04 0.01 0.95 0.00 +dynamic optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +noun hierarchy Linguistics 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.37 +backpropagation learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +n-gram error detection DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.01 0.55 +hypergraph parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +named entity disambiguation TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.03 0.00 +speaker-independent test set Linguistics 0.05 0.71 0.21 0.03 +pitch height and range DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.56 +non-parametric switching technique TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.09 0.06 +classification hierarchy TechTool 0.62 0.02 0.00 0.36 +cross-corpus application TechTool 0.66 0.27 0.05 0.02 +word vector similarity DSMMM 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.92 +upenn chinese treebank Linguistics 0.07 0.90 0.02 0.01 +ambiguity-management TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +pronoun resolution algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +loss approximation DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.96 +cross-linguistic knowledge induction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.00 +grammar maintenance and revision TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +verb sense Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.05 0.00 +document retrieval engine TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +tree insertion grammar TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.00 0.18 +Korean Linguistics 0.19 0.61 0.16 0.05 +cross-speaker model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.03 0.89 +chunghwa corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.02 +linguistic discourse model DSMMM 0.03 0.11 0.00 0.86 +text classification task TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +wordcompletion system TechTool 0.52 0.20 0.20 0.08 +fragment combination TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +fully-automatic pronoun resolution TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 +optimization algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +parsing mechanism TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +wordnet hierarchy Linguistics 0.00 0.85 0.01 0.14 +pagerank TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +hyponym discovery TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +bigram collocation DSMMM 0.09 0.41 0.00 0.50 +word sense dismnbiguation TechTool 0.59 0.34 0.04 0.03 +feature structure manipulation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.05 +syntactic filter TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.13 0.06 +optimisation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tobi annotation scheme TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +single-document summarization TechTool 0.63 0.37 0.00 0.00 +tagging performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +id3 decision tree TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.07 +javox TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +modeling vowel duration DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.10 0.72 +metaphor processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +semantic-head-driven generation \ TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +word stem Linguistics 0.01 0.84 0.08 0.07 +word sense disambignation TechTool 0.59 0.35 0.04 0.03 +chinese parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +grammar formalism TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.00 0.07 +messsage extraction TechTool 0.42 0.11 0.36 0.11 +apsg parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +error-driven transformation-based learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +parameter-estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +planning-based architecture TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +np saturation DSMMM 0.06 0.24 0.34 0.36 +paradigmatic morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.69 0.26 0.04 +path search TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.01 0.35 +german morphology Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.04 0.00 +lexical frequency Linguistics 0.00 0.48 0.18 0.34 +computational terminology Linguistics 0.01 0.47 0.45 0.07 +automated hotel reservation TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +prosodic nmrking TechTool 0.65 0.10 0.14 0.11 +ppm model testing TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +natural-language prccesslng device TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.05 0.01 +alignment template TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +web query Linguistics 0.04 0.56 0.04 0.36 +words classi cation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +ordered list other 0.07 0.28 0.64 0.00 +telegraphic text Linguistics 0.03 0.74 0.24 0.00 +slot grammars TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.00 0.03 +text-image editing and reproduction TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.47 0.01 +all-word language model DSMMM 0.17 0.04 0.01 0.78 +paraphrase matching TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.30 +cluster coordination other 0.03 0.40 0.57 0.00 +paragraph marlter TechTool 0.58 0.09 0.10 0.23 +greedy stepwise search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +ne tagger TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.00 0.02 +chinese parser TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +world-knowledge other 0.03 0.04 0.93 0.01 +model reduction TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +attenuated delta vector TechTool 0.66 0.03 0.01 0.30 +virtual disk DSMMM 0.43 0.11 0.01 0.45 +asymmetric textual entailment recognition TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.38 0.02 +local coherence TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.12 0.43 +decision tree algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +tractable recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +analogical modelling TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +stem weighting TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +how-to guide DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.36 0.50 +knowledge creation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +source channel model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.97 +elsnet resource Linguistics 0.13 0.49 0.23 0.15 +restaurant retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +agreement DSMMM 0.11 0.33 0.23 0.33 +conversational implicature TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.46 0.01 +text-based tutoring system TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +case linking TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.07 0.18 +tree transformation\/detransformation methodology TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.08 0.06 +spoken language translator TechTool 0.63 0.12 0.25 0.01 +viterbistyle beam search TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.17 +vector expansion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +concept selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +english-chinese translation TechTool 0.51 0.46 0.01 0.02 +style checking TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.08 0.17 +dag-construction TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.02 +leave-one-out cross-validation TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.01 +annotation experiment other 0.46 0.00 0.52 0.01 +distributional class Linguistics 0.07 0.52 0.06 0.35 +generalization tree DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.02 0.82 +c\/nc-value method DSMMM 0.35 0.15 0.02 0.48 +nasalization Linguistics 0.20 0.45 0.28 0.07 +stochastic region contraction TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +likelihood ratio DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +english phone string Linguistics 0.27 0.50 0.05 0.18 +answer candidate DSMMM 0.02 0.17 0.37 0.43 +dcg induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +data processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +linguistic mapping TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +tutoring system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +dialogue component other 0.14 0.01 0.84 0.01 +focus tracking \/ other 0.35 0.00 0.58 0.07 +word link extension TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.15 0.34 +translation pair TechTool 0.49 0.37 0.12 0.03 +transcription error TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.13 0.23 +training anaphoricity TechTool 0.73 0.18 0.03 0.06 +recursive wrapper TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +typicality other 0.22 0.12 0.57 0.08 +multi-strategy parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +search algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +pattern ambiguity other 0.27 0.00 0.59 0.14 +ripper rule induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +relative clause Linguistics 0.28 0.48 0.24 0.00 +demonstrative expression Linguistics 0.09 0.50 0.02 0.39 +proof scoring TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.06 0.08 +document browsing and access TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.19 0.06 +discourse plan other 0.27 0.02 0.68 0.02 +ne recognizer TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.01 0.07 +essay scoring TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.12 +political science Linguistics 0.05 0.89 0.05 0.00 +topic continuity other 0.05 0.25 0.69 0.02 +humour-generation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +stress Linguistics 0.15 0.47 0.29 0.10 +conceptual representation TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.02 0.47 +spatter parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +document information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +correct-prefix property parsing TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.06 +character indexing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +search tree DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.59 +hmm state feature TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.09 0.15 +k-nearest neighbor classifier TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +texttiling TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +learn algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +alignment-scoring technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +connectionist parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +character generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +synchronous tag TechTool 0.83 0.15 0.02 0.00 +deep thought project other 0.01 0.17 0.82 0.00 +large-scale grammars TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.00 0.04 +affix list Linguistics 0.04 0.88 0.06 0.02 +weighting scheme TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +feature reliability DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.90 +language acquisition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +jsing cross-validation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +answer marking other 0.08 0.03 0.61 0.28 +boundary ambiguity other 0.30 0.00 0.70 0.00 +automatic programming TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +communication language other 0.14 0.02 0.83 0.00 +node deletion TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.01 +trauslation TechTool 0.68 0.07 0.13 0.12 +abstract anaphora other 0.11 0.44 0.45 0.00 +logical reasoning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +synonym dictionary Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +word identification and lexicalization TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.33 0.01 +tag model DSMMM 0.32 0.01 0.00 0.66 +minimally-supervised learning TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.02 0.00 +computer hardware TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 +symmetric learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +disjunctive unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word construction TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.11 0.10 +opinionated language Linguistics 0.04 0.74 0.15 0.06 +information manipulation other 0.43 0.00 0.56 0.00 +training TechTool 0.68 0.07 0.19 0.05 +game detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +machine readable dictionary Linguistics 0.04 0.91 0.05 0.00 +situation theory other 0.01 0.26 0.72 0.02 +information search TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.38 0.01 +clause Linguistics 0.20 0.47 0.25 0.08 +accuracy rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +argumentative categorizer TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.13 0.02 +information retrieval and summarization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +tree method TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +automatic stochastictransducer induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +matching process TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.01 +np planning TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +structures other 0.28 0.14 0.40 0.18 +tlink extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +salaam tagging TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +phrase boundary prediction TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +summarization redundancy evaluation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.03 0.11 +speaking style other 0.01 0.00 0.52 0.47 +radical indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +reference planning and aggregation TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar Linguistics 0.42 0.55 0.01 0.02 +selective pruning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +pos tagger TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.01 0.00 +association procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +nominal interpretation Linguistics 0.33 0.63 0.04 0.00 +co-occurrence counting TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.07 +phonetic mapping model DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.05 0.66 +orange evaluation TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.00 0.44 +propositional logic TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +shortest-path finding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +graph connectivity DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.03 0.86 +verb argument Linguistics 0.00 0.82 0.18 0.00 +scored dependency graph DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.91 +multilingual corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.97 0.00 0.00 +logical metonymy TechTool 0.54 0.34 0.11 0.01 +czech morphology Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.06 0.00 +automatic humor recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +process model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.95 +textual entailment system TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.03 +practical dialogue Linguistics 0.17 0.51 0.31 0.00 +document annotation TechTool 0.83 0.09 0.08 0.00 +viterbi parse TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.02 0.19 +meaning-based similarity DSMMM 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.88 +linear program TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +sf identification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +twig knowledge-acquisition system TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +latent semantic TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.03 0.25 +slot Linguistics 0.14 0.47 0.28 0.11 +non-formalized case frame TechTool 0.48 0.01 0.36 0.15 +categorisation ability other 0.11 0.00 0.87 0.02 +cd representation DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.03 0.51 +test material Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.08 0.01 +semantic annotation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.01 +vector-based classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +mobile , intelligent agent TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +speaker-independent continuous speech recognition task TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.42 0.00 +syntactic features other 0.03 0.05 0.83 0.09 +pitman-yor language model DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.91 +scientific text Linguistics 0.00 0.62 0.38 0.00 +target vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.07 0.03 +chi-squared value DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.68 +mobile robot TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.27 0.00 +relevance theory other 0.02 0.05 0.66 0.27 +acoustics-based caller id TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.11 0.05 +sentence formation TechTool 0.80 0.11 0.06 0.04 +lexical categories Linguistics 0.00 0.64 0.36 0.00 +e-mail system TechTool 0.58 0.06 0.36 0.00 +online perceptron TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +polynomial approximation TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.01 0.44 +noise reduction TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.17 0.39 +system debugging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +car navigation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +annotate datum Linguistics 0.21 0.42 0.26 0.10 +dp-match driven transducer TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +second order context TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.00 +structural recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +top-down filtering TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +n-best re-ranking TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.13 0.02 +dynanfic lambda calculus TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +sentence level evaluation DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.91 +string comparison TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +evaluation framework TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +domain-specific noun Linguistics 0.29 0.69 0.02 0.00 +parameter-free smoothing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +grammar framework TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +adaptive text compression TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +natural conversation other 0.16 0.16 0.67 0.00 +nlpr-ti corpus Linguistics 0.12 0.86 0.01 0.01 +voice quality estimation DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.80 +comparative anaphora TechTool 0.73 0.16 0.11 0.00 +re-estimation smoothing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +mass-market deployment TechTool 0.56 0.38 0.01 0.05 +ungrammatical input other 0.03 0.13 0.84 0.00 +deleted-estimation interpolation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +linguistic intention other 0.03 0.13 0.82 0.02 +bidirectional parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tag context TechTool 0.45 0.15 0.39 0.00 +lterative clustering TechTool 0.51 0.20 0.14 0.15 +name-variation generation TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.05 +large constituent inhibition TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.43 0.00 +exceptional case marking TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.33 0.02 +levenshtein edit-distance DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.90 +textual similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +category acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +meeting summarization TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.04 0.00 +class labeling TechTool 0.81 0.16 0.02 0.00 +btec corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +relation path alignment TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.08 0.17 +word n-gram model DSMMM 0.01 0.05 0.00 0.94 +lcs-marine TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.01 +heuristic initial word identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +controlled language TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.41 0.04 +constituency information other 0.01 0.00 0.98 0.00 +stepwise search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.05 +negative relevance feedback other 0.12 0.00 0.80 0.08 +semantic compatibility DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.12 0.65 +sql query refinement TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.05 0.02 +discourse construction TechTool 0.67 0.02 0.31 0.00 +graph-based centrality DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.01 0.75 +morpho-syntactic parser TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +sense classification TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +backoff smoothing TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +hri dialog management TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.02 0.00 +tree adjoining grammar TechTool 0.52 0.43 0.01 0.04 +chinese unknown word identification TechTool 0.79 0.17 0.03 0.01 +surveillance TechTool 0.66 0.07 0.20 0.07 +phonemic utterance other 0.03 0.05 0.84 0.07 +italian-english speech translation TechTool 0.55 0.42 0.02 0.01 +human machine interface TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +thematic system TechTool 0.75 0.25 0.00 0.00 +pronominal interpretation TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.16 0.00 +inverted indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +noun-phrase chunker TechTool 0.74 0.24 0.00 0.02 +text-based classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +system development and tuning TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +error-driven training TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +voice dialing and messaging TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.49 0.01 +temporal references other 0.11 0.00 0.88 0.00 +information access dialogue other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +local grammar formalism TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +automated article generation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +dependency structure analysis TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.02 0.05 +nger parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +word alignments Linguistics 0.01 0.77 0.05 0.16 +turn duration DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.58 +punctuation information other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.00 +morphological knowledge other 0.03 0.02 0.96 0.00 +structure building TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +focusrelevant prosody Linguistics 0.08 0.52 0.36 0.04 +perceptron algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +earth observation systems TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.22 0.08 +complete parse TechTool 0.77 0.13 0.07 0.03 +transfer event TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.06 +term distribution modelling DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.88 +automatic checking TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +database query translator TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.25 0.03 +terminology phrase extraction TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.00 0.06 +non-pronoun resolution TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.01 +parallel computer Linguistics 0.43 0.55 0.02 0.00 +chinese grammar induction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +contextual spelling TechTool 0.75 0.03 0.22 0.00 +likelihood estimate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +phonological rules other 0.41 0.00 0.55 0.04 +data compression DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.08 0.47 +lattice pruning and parsing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +gtadual approximation DSMMM 0.26 0.25 0.22 0.26 +parsing accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +pipelining TechTool 0.62 0.11 0.18 0.09 +logic-based parser-acquisition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +nl understanding TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +subject-verb number agreement Linguistics 0.01 0.77 0.16 0.06 +co-occurrence algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +dictionary-based word segmentation TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.00 0.03 +perceptron-like splitting TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +constraint propagation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +sentence prediction TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +preclassified training corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +kana-kanji translation system TechTool 0.80 0.18 0.01 0.01 +japanese compound Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.01 +inultidilnensional parsing TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.09 0.10 +trigram-based classification TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +morphological processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +10-fold validation procedure TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +predicate focus Linguistics 0.00 0.44 0.43 0.13 +synonymous word extraction TechTool 0.65 0.34 0.00 0.01 +preposition interpretation Linguistics 0.48 0.49 0.02 0.00 +automatic thesaurus construction TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +spoken dialogue systems TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +case-analysis module TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +training cor pus Linguistics 0.24 0.58 0.16 0.01 +noise removal TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.37 0.07 +lfg f-structure DSMMM 0.37 0.14 0.02 0.47 +semiring TechTool 0.57 0.11 0.10 0.22 +word memorization Linguistics 0.29 0.37 0.02 0.31 +language understanding process other 0.19 0.00 0.79 0.02 +tagset TechTool 0.65 0.09 0.16 0.10 +hmm-based continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +ftp server other 0.46 0.01 0.53 0.00 +technologies TechTool 0.62 0.08 0.23 0.07 +specialised interpreter TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.02 +domain scoring TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.04 0.19 +block reordering TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +annealing search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +bottom-up parse TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.01 0.30 +eigenvector TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +transfer module TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +word recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +disanabiguation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +word sense model DSMMM 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.83 +adjective classification TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.00 0.02 +spoken natural language Linguistics 0.33 0.64 0.03 0.00 +graph-based optimization TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +documentstructuring TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +confusion probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.93 +dynamic language model combination TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.01 0.24 +table searching DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.35 0.50 +distributed agent TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +supervised majority classifier TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +lazy expansion TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +energy posture shift DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.58 +dominance graph DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +hierarchical phrase analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +natural language production TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +flat-based classification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +user-needs analysis TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.04 0.02 +english writing TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.28 0.00 +natural language query TechTool 0.70 0.10 0.18 0.01 +linguistically sophisticated representation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.02 +matrix inversion TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.09 0.08 +binary split other 0.40 0.00 0.56 0.04 +semantic verb classification TechTool 0.79 0.19 0.02 0.01 +lexical-cohesion TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.41 0.00 +film summary Linguistics 0.12 0.64 0.13 0.10 +phrase level classification TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.01 0.26 +maximum likelihood estimation TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +language model ( lms ) DSMMM 0.34 0.01 0.01 0.65 +character-based bitext mapping TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.02 0.19 +spoken document retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +cooccurrence statistics DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.94 +class-dependent interpolation TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.01 0.05 +nontermination problem other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +unigram TechTool 0.49 0.11 0.26 0.14 +verb hierarchy Linguistics 0.00 0.87 0.02 0.12 +identiflcation TechTool 0.72 0.08 0.10 0.09 +headed clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phrase construction system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +tree node DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.94 +atn recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +phonotactic grammar TechTool 0.73 0.11 0.01 0.15 +configuration management TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +epistemological status other 0.02 0.25 0.68 0.05 +company name parser TechTool 0.56 0.44 0.00 0.00 +giati technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +english query Linguistics 0.32 0.52 0.04 0.11 +noun compound bracketing Linguistics 0.17 0.79 0.00 0.05 +collocational expression DSMMM 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.89 +pos distribution DSMMM 0.05 0.15 0.01 0.79 +typed unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +method other 0.21 0.23 0.29 0.27 +syntactic parallelism other 0.15 0.00 0.78 0.06 +summary decomposition TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.06 0.39 +rule-based and example base machine translation module TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.01 +syllabic writing TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.25 0.02 +requestors TechTool 0.50 0.11 0.27 0.12 +icophone vi DSMMM 0.19 0.10 0.25 0.46 +grammar compaction TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.04 0.04 +language-independent lookup code TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 +expression approach TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +iterative scaling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +spatio-temporal event\/situation structure other 0.16 0.07 0.71 0.06 +d-patr TechTool 0.85 0.06 0.09 0.00 +automatic information extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +knowledge unit other 0.03 0.04 0.92 0.01 +structural isomorphy other 0.29 0.01 0.64 0.06 +scf distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.84 +lexical word Linguistics 0.00 0.81 0.18 0.00 +cosine distance measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +learning corpora Linguistics 0.05 0.95 0.01 0.00 +uailication TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +many-to-many word alignment TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.06 0.00 +ds translation TechTool 0.44 0.44 0.06 0.05 +automatic sign translation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +partial parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +partial parses DSMMM 0.37 0.01 0.04 0.58 +subtree discovery TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +generic dialogue functionality other 0.20 0.02 0.71 0.06 +class identifier TechTool 0.73 0.23 0.03 0.01 +interactive question-answering ( q ) system TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +formal morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.79 0.18 0.01 +lr table generation other 0.26 0.00 0.58 0.16 +italian grammar Linguistics 0.16 0.77 0.01 0.06 +Russian Linguistics 0.19 0.61 0.16 0.05 +cp generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.01 +in-degree DSMMM 0.00 0.05 0.08 0.86 +typed feature TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.07 0.09 +rough-grained disambiguation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +temporal inference TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +alignment extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +writing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +phrase membership Linguistics 0.30 0.40 0.00 0.29 +system response generation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.00 +multimodal command TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.44 0.00 +grammar acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +kernel calculation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +onstraint propagation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +multi-modal error TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +tutorial dialogue other 0.12 0.38 0.50 0.00 +context generalization TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.26 0.12 +sentence classification TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.10 +ambiguous sentence interpretation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.35 0.07 +theoretical computer science Linguistics 0.05 0.89 0.04 0.02 +grammar testing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +light-tk software TechTool 0.77 0.17 0.06 0.00 +sgml parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +microsoft word97 thesaurus Linguistics 0.26 0.71 0.02 0.00 +parsing-based method TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +verbmobil corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +cky algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +application program interfaces TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +speech translation system TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.02 0.02 +lexical functional grammar Linguistics 0.46 0.49 0.04 0.01 +glass-box TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +syntactic model DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.90 +broadcasting Linguistics 0.35 0.41 0.16 0.08 +linguistic interface TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +minimum distance parsing TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +tree search TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +dependency forest model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.97 +statistical spelling correction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +human gene identification TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +dependency recovery TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +discourse planner TechTool 0.86 0.06 0.08 0.00 +multilayer perceptrou network DSMMM 0.41 0.01 0.01 0.57 +examining summarization TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.16 +intonational analysis TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.02 0.06 +unbounded process other 0.02 0.00 0.90 0.08 +mixture modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +discourse units Linguistics 0.00 0.63 0.33 0.04 +world model DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.97 +phonological constituent Linguistics 0.02 0.61 0.35 0.02 +dynamic programming alignment TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +noisy-channel model DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.81 +speech repair identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +saliency map DSMMM 0.13 0.01 0.22 0.64 +summary selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +hierarchy generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +hierarchical disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +labeling Linguistics 0.32 0.38 0.21 0.09 +selection accuracy DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +mistake-driven learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +phonemic utterance specification other 0.12 0.01 0.80 0.07 +relation analysis process other 0.24 0.00 0.76 0.00 +string alignment TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +k-score DSMMM 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.84 +partialparsing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +text generation and understanding TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +unified lexicon Linguistics 0.04 0.95 0.00 0.01 +automatic natural language understanding TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +nn algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +structure creation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +phrase-structure grammar TechTool 0.56 0.30 0.00 0.13 +normalized word duration DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.91 +multext-east project TechTool 0.43 0.23 0.35 0.00 +mention detection task TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.00 +argument structure Linguistics 0.02 0.69 0.25 0.04 +WSD models TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +wisconsin corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.00 0.04 +cross-document information fusion TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.37 0.01 +computer communications TechTool 0.45 0.18 0.35 0.02 +natural-language TechTool 0.51 0.47 0.01 0.00 +knowledge processing TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 +thai language Linguistics 0.03 0.79 0.18 0.01 +entropy-based learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +multi-sentence text TechTool 0.62 0.31 0.06 0.01 +bio coding TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +example-retrieval ( er ) TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +query-translation TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.03 +speech decoding TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.02 0.11 +alternation detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +syllables Linguistics 0.16 0.63 0.17 0.04 +sense ambiguity other 0.20 0.00 0.80 0.00 +subject position other 0.00 0.43 0.56 0.00 +relations extraction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.01 +phonetic similarity algorithms TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.08 0.36 +vp-ellipsis resolution TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.01 0.00 +adjective attachment Linguistics 0.16 0.66 0.00 0.19 +contents-oriented retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.03 +post disambiguation analysis TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +electronic essay rater Linguistics 0.44 0.45 0.11 0.01 +game theory Linguistics 0.02 0.55 0.42 0.01 +incremental optimization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +catalog retrieval system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +pronunciation tool TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.00 +subjectivity scoring TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.04 0.17 +semi-supervised training TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +itg biparsing TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +genonic hmm technology TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +object-oriented parsing TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.03 +class name Linguistics 0.04 0.89 0.02 0.04 +factorial hmm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +stochastic parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +russian dictionary Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +language processing task TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.00 +anaphoric resolution TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +syntactic score evaluation DSMMM 0.18 0.01 0.00 0.81 +anaphoric type identification TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +phoneme sequence other 0.22 0.03 0.75 0.00 +black-box evaluation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +proper noun category Linguistics 0.03 0.88 0.06 0.03 +speaker normalization TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.09 +local trees DSMMM 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.83 +spatial meaning Linguistics 0.02 0.82 0.15 0.01 +crf training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +parameter selecting TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +lattice computation TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.02 0.48 +language understanding problem other 0.19 0.00 0.81 0.00 +task-oriented dialog other 0.44 0.00 0.55 0.00 +dynamic-events memory TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.47 0.03 +test collection construction TechTool 0.56 0.33 0.09 0.02 +maximum-likelihood procedure TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +linguistically-oriented text processing TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.00 +sign expansion TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +feature set other 0.29 0.06 0.51 0.14 +plan-based model DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.75 +approximate subcategorization scheme TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.05 +pof mapping TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.26 0.02 +frame knowledge other 0.17 0.11 0.73 0.00 +presentor focus other 0.00 0.08 0.70 0.22 +voted perceptron algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +modular bootstrapping TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +weighted difference method TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.06 0.33 +sentence interpretation and generation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.09 0.08 +parallel text alignment TechTool 0.81 0.18 0.02 0.00 +laplace smoothing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +miscommunications other 0.35 0.14 0.42 0.09 +grammar-specific documentation TechTool 0.75 0.17 0.08 0.00 +part-of-speech trigram model DSMMM 0.23 0.04 0.01 0.72 +multi-domain dialogue system TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.04 0.00 +on-line parsing algorithm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +genelex TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +paraphrase thesaurus induction TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.03 0.02 +cross-language information projection other 0.20 0.00 0.57 0.22 +serial parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +modeling toolkit TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word sequences Linguistics 0.00 0.74 0.24 0.02 +language understandhlg TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +lattice search TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.23 +utterance feature other 0.31 0.01 0.49 0.19 +multilingual similarity detection TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +ontology extraction TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +training algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +lexicon extension Linguistics 0.07 0.86 0.03 0.04 +precision measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +text-independent speaker identification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +linguistic competence other 0.01 0.21 0.74 0.05 +debris parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +twolevel morphology tool Linguistics 0.33 0.38 0.29 0.00 +interface TechTool 0.63 0.13 0.11 0.12 +table lookup other 0.05 0.00 0.51 0.44 +phrase detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +natural language expression other 0.09 0.08 0.51 0.33 +syntactic phrase parsing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.03 +cognitive modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +self-extending phrasal lexicon TechTool 0.84 0.13 0.01 0.02 +constituent-building TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 +unification-based grammar parse TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +chart re-estimation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +coreference expression TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.05 0.44 +primitive decomposition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +cognitive\/psychological effect other 0.01 0.24 0.67 0.07 +computer animation TechTool 0.67 0.14 0.15 0.04 +sentence generator TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.00 0.10 +translation rule TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.02 +guided-search alignment TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +regular expression pattern DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.19 0.42 +clitic placement other 0.17 0.07 0.69 0.07 +screen armphora resolution TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +data base generator TechTool 0.91 0.06 0.00 0.03 +lexicon induction TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +time warping DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.41 0.50 +automatic subjectivity analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +multimodal interface TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +entity recognition component other 0.26 0.00 0.72 0.02 +corpora translation Linguistics 0.08 0.91 0.00 0.01 +phone banking TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.05 0.10 +imperfect string recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +dependency recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +pointer slot TechTool 0.71 0.16 0.13 0.01 +optimization TechTool 0.71 0.06 0.19 0.04 +nonmonotonic unification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +linguistic meaning Linguistics 0.03 0.91 0.05 0.01 +relation discovery TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +word alignement technique TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.04 0.07 +head-driven generation approach TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +inductive rule learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +id3 learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +single classifier TechTool 0.64 0.36 0.00 0.00 +integer programming TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.04 +multimodal drawing tool TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +latent-class clustering TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.10 +hybrid parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +chinese morphology analysis TechTool 0.46 0.46 0.08 0.01 +annotation analysis TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +feature bagging TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +nl plan inference TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +alignment evaluation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +common ground other 0.17 0.01 0.80 0.03 +sri decipher speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +cooperative strategy TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +agglutinating language Linguistics 0.07 0.79 0.10 0.04 +adnominal ending Linguistics 0.06 0.81 0.13 0.00 +uncertain inference framework TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +vector creation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +strand classifier TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +garden path DSMMM 0.11 0.04 0.17 0.67 +discriminative training TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +boundary placement other 0.42 0.00 0.56 0.02 +semantic network DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.01 0.63 +ccg annotation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +state tying other 0.44 0.00 0.52 0.04 +message aggregation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +electronic dictionary construction system TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +context-dependent method TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.06 +parse algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +typographical error correction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.09 0.06 +satisfiable assignment TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.13 0.02 +clause restructuring TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +content evaluation DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.18 0.44 +cache-based language model DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.74 +maximum approximation DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.59 +descriptive discourse Linguistics 0.06 0.73 0.21 0.00 +heuristic method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +limited-dommn multilingum applications TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +concept lattice TechTool 0.47 0.05 0.02 0.46 +sequential analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +subordinate clause Linguistics 0.31 0.54 0.15 0.00 +witten-bell smoothing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pos extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +distribution matching TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +grapheme-to-phoneme conversion TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +language corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.01 0.09 +discriminative framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +unknown word feature TechTool 0.57 0.25 0.11 0.08 +foot feature principle TechTool 0.51 0.01 0.02 0.46 +probabilistic approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +query refmement TechTool 0.55 0.07 0.30 0.08 +dictionary\/ontology alignment TechTool 0.53 0.46 0.00 0.01 +supervised learning algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +string-based evaluation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.01 0.16 +sequential learning TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +smt system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +binary term weighting TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.47 +selective sampling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +paraphrase learning TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.01 +web-based translation TechTool 0.83 0.09 0.01 0.07 +likelihood identification TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +iterative search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +full coreference resolution TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.01 0.00 +passive subject Linguistics 0.01 0.52 0.48 0.00 +metric learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +informative sample selection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.01 +parsing strategies TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +repair TechTool 0.52 0.09 0.32 0.08 +english\/spanish test corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +topological structure DSMMM 0.28 0.16 0.04 0.52 +node filtering TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.01 0.31 +maximum likelihood reestimation TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +tree-bank grammar Linguistics 0.18 0.48 0.00 0.34 +soft similarity measure DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +verb acquisition TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +data-driven tagging TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +subgraph TechTool 0.61 0.17 0.12 0.10 +decidable satisfiability TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.03 0.11 +noisy channel model DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.92 +segment-based language identification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.02 +contextual ltering TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.02 0.05 +deductive closure other 0.40 0.00 0.56 0.05 +single encoding TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automatic spelling correction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +dependency theory Linguistics 0.04 0.57 0.27 0.12 +landmark selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +latent-semantic analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.04 +segment size distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.96 +semantic expressiveness other 0.10 0.01 0.66 0.23 +skimming TechTool 0.62 0.07 0.20 0.11 +chinese language corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.11 +meaning-oriented analysis TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.07 0.00 +ksi prolog TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.05 0.00 +kana-kanji conversion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +speaker change other 0.01 0.00 0.66 0.33 +sense acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +mic modelling TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +lazy parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +discriminative reranking TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +textrank keyword extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +mathematical notation TechTool 0.58 0.03 0.13 0.26 +hard constraint TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.01 +rose repair TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +chinese-english word alignment TechTool 0.51 0.42 0.00 0.07 +score combination DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.78 +combination method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +moderate scale corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.40 +temporal signature Linguistics 0.21 0.56 0.22 0.01 +lexical decomposition TechTool 0.69 0.01 0.29 0.00 +human-ranked sentence plan DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.15 0.74 +oracle TechTool 0.53 0.14 0.28 0.04 +system-knows-baseline TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.08 +classific ation TechTool 0.65 0.14 0.21 0.01 +sentence-detection mechanism TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +keyword spotting TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.02 +memory-based parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +spatial cohesion other 0.29 0.00 0.56 0.15 +reparameterization TechTool 0.51 0.29 0.12 0.08 +parser switching TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +locational information other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.00 +model-theoretic scoring TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +chunking tree TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +matrix multiplication TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +prenominal negation Linguistics 0.09 0.80 0.11 0.00 +verb inversion rule TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.08 0.01 +abduction TechTool 0.66 0.03 0.28 0.02 +deterministic tree-building TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +query refinement TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.02 +thesanrus look-up TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +constituent identification TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +phonological description other 0.13 0.31 0.51 0.04 +hmm technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +corpus-based approach TechTool 0.79 0.20 0.00 0.01 +content-based search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +5-fold cross validation TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.10 0.01 +compiler theory TechTool 0.80 0.03 0.16 0.01 +bayesian word segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +error propagation network DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.59 +morpheme-balanced training corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.01 0.02 +multilingual document retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +morphological database TechTool 0.35 0.31 0.34 0.00 +optimal pruning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +machinetranslation TechTool 0.66 0.10 0.13 0.12 +computer use TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.05 0.42 +shortcut search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +sgml transducer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.03 +alignment accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +natural language user other 0.24 0.09 0.67 0.00 +manmachine interaction other 0.39 0.05 0.50 0.06 +human language knowledge other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.01 +tree matching TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.48 +hamming distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.90 +head noun Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +propagation network TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +tmrec test collection Linguistics 0.05 0.87 0.04 0.03 +coreferential relation other 0.05 0.02 0.91 0.02 +estimation-maximization training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +heuristic interpolation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +word-classification system TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.00 0.02 +elementary textual unit boundary other 0.45 0.03 0.52 0.00 +phonetic speech retrieval TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.09 +japanese word processing TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.01 0.01 +opinion other 0.18 0.22 0.32 0.28 +co-training TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.05 0.01 +lexical collocation Linguistics 0.04 0.91 0.04 0.01 +probabilistic models DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.66 +automatic supertagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +column constraint other 0.09 0.00 0.73 0.18 +mt engine TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +text encoding TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +summarization quality DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +speech communication other 0.15 0.00 0.84 0.00 +structural underspecification TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.00 +conversational speech corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.03 0.01 +eojeol corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +speech translation task other 0.14 0.00 0.84 0.02 +spelling language model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.04 0.87 +portability other 0.08 0.11 0.58 0.23 +bio-security TechTool 0.79 0.10 0.10 0.01 +machine translation module TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.15 0.02 +applied natural language TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.28 0.01 +japanese text categorization TechTool 0.67 0.32 0.01 0.00 +generative model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.96 +segment boundary TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.49 0.01 +task-oriented corpora Linguistics 0.24 0.50 0.24 0.02 +distributed computation TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.35 0.14 +efficient parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +prototype implementation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +irregular meaning Linguistics 0.06 0.81 0.13 0.00 +spoken discourse Linguistics 0.10 0.70 0.20 0.00 +general-to-specific feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word class distance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.14 0.85 +word-class information other 0.08 0.26 0.61 0.06 +multidocument news summarization Linguistics 0.38 0.60 0.02 0.00 +string processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +rule interpreter TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +spectral cluster base approach TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.04 +answer projection DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.20 0.75 +out-degree DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.94 +polynomial time DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.73 +negation other 0.11 0.34 0.50 0.05 +uncertainty sampling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +web ontology language Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.02 0.06 +backing-off distribution DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.84 +chain length DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.92 +navigational assistance TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.31 0.00 +clause boundary determination TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +meaning representation language Linguistics 0.40 0.55 0.02 0.03 +dynamic language modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +topic identification and slot-filling TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +speech recognition system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +ne alignment TechTool 0.79 0.07 0.00 0.14 +pragmatic component other 0.47 0.00 0.52 0.00 +governor algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +key stroke TechTool 0.82 0.08 0.09 0.01 +explicit confirmation TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +eigen decomposition TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.06 0.20 +language parsing process other 0.11 0.00 0.83 0.06 +event map DSMMM 0.13 0.23 0.17 0.47 +a spoken dialog TechTool 0.54 0.46 0.00 0.00 +search technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +function words Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.04 0.04 +background information other 0.01 0.01 0.98 0.00 +document coherence other 0.19 0.10 0.41 0.30 +dictionary entry parser TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.00 0.01 +discourse marking other 0.25 0.15 0.59 0.00 +ordinal regression TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +chat-80 TechTool 0.77 0.18 0.01 0.04 +pass generator TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +linguistic concept Linguistics 0.18 0.75 0.03 0.04 +application-oriented text generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +acoustic normalization TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +sense discrimination and attachment TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +supervise learn TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.16 0.10 +column recognition other 0.46 0.00 0.52 0.02 +light-stemming algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +ie problem other 0.13 0.00 0.87 0.00 +string similarity evaluation DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.79 +metaconversation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +direct anaphora resolution TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +naive bayes inducer TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +nonterminal category Linguistics 0.04 0.69 0.12 0.15 +data type other 0.04 0.07 0.72 0.18 +japanese mt TechTool 0.77 0.20 0.01 0.02 +expert\/domain novice Linguistics 0.37 0.46 0.17 0.00 +computer-mediated education TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.21 0.02 +phrasal parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +programming method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +syntactic transfer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +translation-related knowledge other 0.09 0.04 0.87 0.00 +lexical class Linguistics 0.01 0.60 0.38 0.00 +spoken dialog system TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +unification-based parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +unigram language model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.96 +link analysis TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +language acquisition and learnability TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +syntactic role system TechTool 0.85 0.11 0.04 0.00 +interactive clarilication TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.09 0.12 +supervised training TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.00 +database access query TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.03 0.03 +text editor TechTool 0.87 0.05 0.08 0.00 +finite verb Linguistics 0.14 0.75 0.11 0.00 +system evaluation and analysis TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.08 0.07 +sequential classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +translation aid other 0.02 0.05 0.92 0.02 +term frequency equation DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.97 +cfg phrase structure TechTool 0.49 0.16 0.00 0.35 +dialogue system evaluation TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.07 0.07 +tile parsing ambiguity other 0.46 0.00 0.53 0.02 +verbal information other 0.00 0.10 0.90 0.00 +topic choice other 0.15 0.00 0.84 0.00 +manual thematic role assignment TechTool 0.71 0.04 0.25 0.00 +semantic verification TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.11 0.06 +syntactical structure Linguistics 0.19 0.44 0.15 0.22 +classifier combination accuracy DSMMM 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.80 +morpheme boundary TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.14 0.00 +swedish grammar Linguistics 0.36 0.62 0.00 0.01 +phrase break prediction TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +five-fold cross validation TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.07 0.00 +class-based model DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.81 +language comprehension TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.17 0.12 +maximum-entropy markov models DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.64 +link detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +srilm smoothing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +syntax-based propagation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.05 +paragraph level retrieval TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.02 0.47 +device TechTool 0.46 0.15 0.19 0.20 +transliteration TechTool 0.36 0.33 0.24 0.07 +stress annotation TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.10 0.01 +break detection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +case-frame information other 0.39 0.04 0.54 0.02 +two-step talker-location TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +lexicon word segmentation Linguistics 0.33 0.66 0.01 0.00 +parallel parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +largevocabulary speech recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +pause TechTool 0.33 0.17 0.29 0.21 +person name recognition TechTool 0.77 0.19 0.03 0.00 +word-extraction algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +text correction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +speech recognition technique TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +resource translation TechTool 0.56 0.31 0.11 0.01 +training datum Linguistics 0.32 0.52 0.07 0.09 +english-to-japanese treelet smt TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +grammar extraction and parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +information retrieval task TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +context-free parsing algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +express-doubt discourse other 0.06 0.17 0.75 0.02 +content analysis TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.00 +planning system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +scene fade-to-black detection TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.01 +glass-box evaluation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +asr system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +unannotated corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +word-based translation model DSMMM 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.90 +group-average unsupervised agglomerative clustering process TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +balance match operation TechTool 0.43 0.00 0.15 0.42 +dialog act processing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +expectation-maximization approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +information ordering other 0.37 0.00 0.62 0.00 +list lookup TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +verbal argument structure Linguistics 0.00 0.65 0.34 0.01 +distance clustering DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +data-collection Linguistics 0.28 0.45 0.12 0.15 +source identification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.05 0.00 +knowledge-rich abstraction TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.00 +spectral graph transducer DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +node raising TechTool 0.60 0.02 0.14 0.24 +tree reconstruction DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.06 0.72 +structured syntactic knowledge other 0.13 0.01 0.86 0.00 +ambiguity reduction TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.40 0.06 +collection index TechTool 0.61 0.19 0.15 0.05 +protein entity classification TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.18 0.03 +underspecified semantic representation ( USR ) TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.06 0.04 +part-of-speech tagging \ TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.00 0.00 +pigeonhole principle DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.10 0.47 +candidate selection phase TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.03 +brevity penalty DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +suffix derivation other 0.36 0.22 0.42 0.00 +datalog TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +top-down splitting TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.05 0.19 +n-ary classification induction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +likelihood reestimation technique TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +gr calculation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.09 0.13 +goal identification TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +question classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +reflexive and transitive closure other 0.03 0.01 0.87 0.10 +spontanous speech Linguistics 0.11 0.47 0.35 0.06 +average inter-coder reliability DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.95 +word tag Linguistics 0.30 0.65 0.03 0.02 +msl completion TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.24 0.05 +character formation TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.16 0.01 +re-uni cation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +language processing applications TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +conditional random field DSMMM 0.12 0.29 0.07 0.53 +tense\/aspect structure other 0.12 0.25 0.62 0.01 +continuous speech recognizer TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +europarl corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +modeling granularity TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.05 0.20 +weighted sum DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.98 +mathematical formalism TechTool 0.63 0.02 0.04 0.31 +mathematical model DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.98 +imbalanced data set other 0.00 0.26 0.59 0.15 +human expert knowledge other 0.04 0.28 0.68 0.00 +sense pruning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +score normalization DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.52 +unknown word model DSMMM 0.03 0.07 0.01 0.90 +phrase analysis TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +phrase coreference TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.00 0.03 +spoken email Linguistics 0.26 0.42 0.32 0.00 +circus parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +classification component TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +lexical preferencing TechTool 0.39 0.32 0.29 0.00 +semantic template TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.02 0.08 +weighted transducer TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +abstract reasoning TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +word-recognition TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.02 +group average clustering TechTool 0.66 0.02 0.00 0.31 +document structuring TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.00 +lattice DSMMM 0.20 0.15 0.14 0.51 +text extraction technology TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +literature-mining TechTool 0.63 0.12 0.24 0.00 +french-english training set Linguistics 0.03 0.94 0.02 0.01 +computer generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +word-by-word translation Linguistics 0.35 0.58 0.00 0.07 +relative evaluation method TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.00 0.29 +constraint grammar framework TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +data complexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.65 +statistical retrieval TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +head-driven lattice parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +compound extracting TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +decision tree design TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +decoding\/translation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.02 +system response other 0.33 0.00 0.63 0.04 +natural-language discourse TechTool 0.43 0.36 0.21 0.00 +left-most derivation other 0.17 0.00 0.82 0.00 +cluster algorithm TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.05 0.04 +aligner to segment TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.04 0.03 +vector dimensionality reduction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +similarity-based language modeling TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.32 +symbol Linguistics 0.16 0.36 0.21 0.27 +compound words Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.05 +case analyzer TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +semantic features other 0.03 0.01 0.77 0.19 +viterbi search TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +navigation\/information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +linguistic behavior other 0.00 0.01 0.87 0.11 +sense disambiguation research TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +speaker-independent ( si ) training TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.06 0.00 +ltag derivation tree TechTool 0.45 0.01 0.43 0.11 +morphological analvsis TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.22 0.00 +statistical categorization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +concession Linguistics 0.20 0.44 0.28 0.08 +asr technology TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +document collection Linguistics 0.07 0.75 0.17 0.01 +translation speed and quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.87 +inside-outside reestimation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.05 +collaborative similarity calculation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.05 0.19 +surface processing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +boundary determination TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +news transcription Linguistics 0.15 0.76 0.08 0.00 +pagerank + lesk TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.01 +standardized stochastic language model DSMMM 0.44 0.01 0.00 0.55 +spatial reasoning TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +wsd evaluation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +question-formation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +marker-based alignment TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.02 +microelectronics fabrication Linguistics 0.32 0.59 0.08 0.01 +systems engineering TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +machine translation system TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +constituent creation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +baseline system performance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +tinite-state recognition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +multinomial model DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.94 +lexical resource integration other 0.48 0.01 0.52 0.00 +sentence condensation or simplification TechTool 0.72 0.03 0.16 0.08 +exponential time lower-bound TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.43 +interface generator TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +kasami-younger TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.01 +translations extraction TechTool 0.79 0.19 0.00 0.01 +transcription standard TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.03 0.04 +semantic expression DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.14 0.81 +non-dss unilication TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.09 0.14 +constraint satisfaction problem other 0.37 0.00 0.61 0.01 +computational linguistics domain Linguistics 0.01 0.60 0.29 0.11 +navigation interface TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +generalize lr parse TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.09 0.26 +query relaxation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +parallel text Linguistics 0.02 0.88 0.09 0.00 +bigram model pruning DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +anaphoral resolution TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +classifier system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +Mt evaluation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.01 0.32 +chinese homophone Linguistics 0.04 0.91 0.05 0.01 +disjunction other 0.31 0.19 0.43 0.07 +best-first parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +roman alphabet Linguistics 0.02 0.91 0.07 0.01 +chunk combination TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +discourse material other 0.01 0.48 0.51 0.00 +rule other 0.18 0.25 0.31 0.27 +dp-based search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +statistical modeling framework TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +prosody assignment TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.33 0.02 +second-language proficiency TechTool 0.69 0.03 0.06 0.21 +natural language modelling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +combinatorial pattern discovery TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +parse space pruning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.03 0.09 +omission detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +search refinement TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +declarative clause type TechTool 0.67 0.05 0.27 0.01 +statistical modelling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +artificial intelligence literature Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.10 0.00 +acoustic information other 0.01 0.00 0.78 0.21 +obligatory contour principle TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.09 0.30 +automated corpus analysis TechTool 0.90 0.10 0.00 0.00 +compression process other 0.32 0.00 0.64 0.04 +high energy posture DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.87 +addressee detection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +matlab TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +morpho-syntactic information other 0.09 0.02 0.88 0.01 +trainable segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +multi-party conversation TechTool 0.37 0.32 0.31 0.00 +floppy disk drive DSMMM 0.11 0.01 0.13 0.75 +language processing evaluation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.10 +conversational context other 0.09 0.00 0.91 0.00 +japanese translation evaluation TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.04 0.21 +local edge-detection TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +primary occurrence restriction TechTool 0.69 0.03 0.11 0.17 +word behavior other 0.00 0.01 0.68 0.31 +minimum-distance parsing TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +top-down processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +monolingual capitalization model DSMMM 0.09 0.04 0.01 0.87 +vp-ellipsis TechTool 0.81 0.13 0.06 0.00 +knowledge-base access TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.13 0.01 +modular design TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +rule testing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +semantic control TechTool 0.43 0.00 0.31 0.26 +natural language sentences Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.04 0.00 +tile bootstrapping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +metonymic verb Linguistics 0.02 0.87 0.10 0.00 +collocation extraction and mining TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +clausal complementation Linguistics 0.06 0.55 0.37 0.02 +c-command principle TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.12 0.38 +plausibility judgement other 0.01 0.01 0.60 0.38 +structural substitution TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +dependency relationship other 0.02 0.00 0.61 0.37 +contrast relation other 0.29 0.00 0.70 0.01 +scenario template TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.07 0.06 +automated scoring TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +split parsing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.05 0.11 +system-produced summary TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.12 0.03 +expression extraction processor TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.00 0.10 +heuristic path search TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.32 +canonical correlation analysis TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.03 0.28 +direct transfer TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +dependency pointer TechTool 0.42 0.38 0.08 0.12 +bottom-up system TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +context-based automatic term clustering TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +token synthesis TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.01 +search depth DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.22 0.70 +cascaded chunking TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +scene generation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.01 +restoration subdialogue TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.00 +maximum decay ratio DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.82 +laser printer TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.06 0.01 +semantic abstraction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.03 +word Linguistics 0.05 0.65 0.19 0.11 +text information extraction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +verb sense disambiguation TechTool 0.61 0.38 0.01 0.00 +communication knowledge other 0.08 0.00 0.92 0.00 +word-order model DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.01 0.76 +natural language system TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.02 0.00 +copula verb Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.04 0.00 +recursive segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +abstracting system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +british national corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +clause boundary recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +xml processing paradigm TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +unsupervised word alignment component TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +semantic derivation other 0.40 0.01 0.59 0.01 +gpl compiler TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +terminological processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +context tying TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.02 +local classification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +triphone clustering TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +unknown-morpheme estimation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +decomposition program TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.03 +thread-safe uni cation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +case-based legal reasoning \ TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +parameter estimation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.15 +sentence-by-sentence parsing TechTool 0.66 0.05 0.00 0.28 +automatic role assignment TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +transitive closure other 0.01 0.01 0.59 0.40 +feature determination TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +text-block recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +speech understatnding TechTool 0.66 0.19 0.08 0.06 +judgement elicitation TechTool 0.76 0.02 0.20 0.02 +hypertextual grammar development TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.17 0.01 +phonetic contrast TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.41 0.03 +nunation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +supervised fusion TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +break other 0.09 0.09 0.63 0.19 +lexicon lookup TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +episodic retrieval TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +first-order predicate logic TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +search corpus TechTool 0.44 0.34 0.00 0.22 +linguistic system TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.01 +recognition inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +naive bayes techniques TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +soft sense disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +intra-clause disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +document structure analysis TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.05 0.01 +automatic language-processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +shallow information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +sammie system TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +entailment challenge corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.80 0.14 0.05 +appointment scheduling dialogue TechTool 0.68 0.19 0.14 0.00 +syntax and semantics other 0.14 0.06 0.73 0.07 +bitext mapping and alignment TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.12 0.03 +human understanding TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.13 0.01 +entity recognition systems TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +head pruning technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +sv training TechTool 0.76 0.19 0.02 0.03 +pluggable dialog strategy TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +hepple-style feature\/modality TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.32 0.01 +loopy belief propagation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.19 0.07 +part-of-speech lagging TechTool 0.78 0.20 0.01 0.00 +help-desk TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.18 0.10 +global multiclassifier accuracy DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +dimensionality reduction TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.02 0.47 +query-based sentence retrieval TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +automatic essay assessor TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.00 +discriminant analysis TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +local maximum TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +robust parse capability TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.29 0.02 +utterance understanding TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.21 0.03 +error-pruning method TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +complexity prediction DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.13 0.74 +dialog manager software TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.07 0.00 +coherence relation nuclearity TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.15 0.15 +pronunciation component other 0.16 0.00 0.84 0.00 +int-n selection TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +knowledgefree combining TechTool 0.67 0.06 0.20 0.07 +fulltext chunker TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.05 0.08 +personal names Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.10 0.00 +typed input other 0.31 0.03 0.66 0.00 +monolingual corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.04 +row recognition TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.24 0.02 +language-based information search TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.18 0.06 +english-chinese corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.00 0.03 +feature representation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +man-machine dialog TechTool 0.68 0.27 0.03 0.02 +domain-independent lexica Linguistics 0.41 0.56 0.02 0.01 +multi-lingual coreference resolution TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +anaphoric referencing TechTool 0.41 0.41 0.17 0.01 +czech grammar checker TechTool 0.64 0.34 0.01 0.01 +linear tape system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +indexer TechTool 0.49 0.17 0.30 0.04 +rhyme pattern DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.18 0.42 +natural language question-answering TechTool 0.78 0.09 0.13 0.00 +pitch variability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.62 +transliteration process other 0.07 0.00 0.92 0.01 +concept taxonomy Linguistics 0.03 0.75 0.03 0.19 +claws system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +deep-linguistic grammar Linguistics 0.38 0.48 0.00 0.14 +word termination TechTool 0.65 0.02 0.20 0.13 +transcription reconstruction TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.20 0.02 +evaluation process other 0.01 0.00 0.56 0.42 +automatic recognition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +machine text summarization TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +speech production and perception other 0.34 0.01 0.63 0.02 +wildcard TechTool 0.47 0.22 0.10 0.22 +textto-speech other 0.13 0.34 0.35 0.19 +candidate recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +contour computation DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.05 0.48 +transliteration approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +optimum termination condition TechTool 0.47 0.00 0.46 0.07 +iterative enhancement TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +shape recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.04 +parse forest creation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.07 +statistical processing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word alignment algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +ptm triphone model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.97 +speech recognition\/synthesis TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +all content words Linguistics 0.00 0.82 0.16 0.01 +knowledge engineering technology TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.16 0.00 +question similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.14 0.85 +computer-based natural language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +screening Linguistics 0.30 0.44 0.15 0.11 +non-monotonous search TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.17 0.07 +lexical structuring TechTool 0.60 0.05 0.35 0.00 +ga-like transfer TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +conative alternation other 0.24 0.02 0.73 0.01 +boundary prediction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +event identification task TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +mathematical topology DSMMM 0.02 0.09 0.19 0.71 +coreference clustering TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +feature sets DSMMM 0.13 0.05 0.14 0.69 +viterbi criterion TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.18 0.17 +path-based reasoning \ TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +spoken dialogue tutoring TechTool 0.52 0.13 0.35 0.00 +rst-style text other 0.28 0.26 0.46 0.00 +addressee determination TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.33 0.02 +story pair similarity DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.91 +leave-one-out resampling TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.00 0.01 +unseeded clustering TechTool 0.51 0.20 0.14 0.15 +verb subcategofization Linguistics 0.04 0.90 0.05 0.01 +k-nnfp TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.06 0.01 +string match DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.01 0.55 +clustering algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +clitic rules TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.19 0.01 +word co-occurrence calculation DSMMM 0.43 0.00 0.11 0.45 +speaker-independent speech recognition TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.00 +morphological rules other 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.00 +trigger word detection TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.00 0.14 +preprocessor TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.05 0.08 +visual imagery other 0.10 0.02 0.80 0.08 +structural annotation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.00 +lexical reasoning TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.29 0.00 +word fragment detection TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.00 0.03 +multilingual retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +conversation analysis TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.35 0.01 +tree-dop TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.01 0.35 +system performance and usability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.60 +sentence mapping TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.17 0.17 +argument-initial position other 0.03 0.26 0.71 0.01 +real-time speech recognition TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.15 0.01 +structured programming TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +class-based probability estimation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.26 +categorim grammar TechTool 0.58 0.22 0.01 0.19 +entity detection and tracking TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +pircs retrieval system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +semantic expansion TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +morphology induction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +representation framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +speech corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.00 0.08 +combinatorial subcategorization TechTool 0.70 0.26 0.04 0.00 +loss-based decoding TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +beam search solution TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +lexical resource construction other 0.31 0.04 0.64 0.00 +mi-trigram modeling TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +extraneous background noise other 0.06 0.00 0.89 0.05 +tag assignment TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +mimic dialogue other 0.17 0.23 0.58 0.02 +system engineering TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +robust machine translation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +word abnormaliteiten TechTool 0.45 0.28 0.12 0.16 +comlmtational linguistics Linguistics 0.01 0.62 0.10 0.27 +resource management task \ TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +speaker change detection TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.14 0.07 +evaluative arguments Linguistics 0.00 0.55 0.45 0.00 +interactive lexicon extension TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.09 0.01 +text acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +constructive learning environments TechTool 0.51 0.02 0.47 0.00 +supertagging TechTool 0.63 0.09 0.13 0.14 +linguistic structuring TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.12 0.01 +opinion expression extractor TechTool 0.53 0.27 0.06 0.13 +pd sequence other 0.25 0.18 0.57 0.00 +relational discourse analysis TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +uniform-cost edit distance DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.97 +robust language processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +surface form other 0.03 0.01 0.83 0.13 +korean-to-japanese machine translation TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.00 0.01 +automatic retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tomatic term dioscovery DSMMM 0.15 0.11 0.02 0.72 +exact inference TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.02 +morpheme-level model DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.97 +posteriori estimation TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +penn treebank corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.00 +intermediate representation language TechTool 0.76 0.07 0.10 0.07 +word confidence estimation DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.56 +discourse memory other 0.19 0.00 0.77 0.04 +statistical surface realization TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.16 0.05 +relaxation-ranking retrieval TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +iterative pruning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pitch accent placement DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.17 0.81 +evidence combining TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +case frame information other 0.08 0.01 0.89 0.01 +solaris TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +edit-distance calculation DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.01 0.55 +stress assigment TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.12 0.08 +pronominal accessibility other 0.12 0.03 0.79 0.06 +np form determination TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.05 0.03 +sentiment terminology Linguistics 0.00 0.57 0.42 0.01 +performance modelling DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +document annotation project TechTool 0.61 0.04 0.36 0.00 +elliptic sentence Linguistics 0.06 0.79 0.08 0.07 +korean nominal compound analysis Linguistics 0.23 0.76 0.00 0.00 +trainable text processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +cost assignment DSMMM 0.26 0.00 0.01 0.73 +spoken language corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +parameter learning TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +language knowledge base other 0.03 0.12 0.82 0.02 +traveling-salesman problem other 0.42 0.00 0.57 0.00 +morpheme processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +significant word order other 0.04 0.14 0.80 0.02 +lexical stress Linguistics 0.03 0.60 0.37 0.00 +parsing interpreter TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +topic tracking evaluation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.07 0.10 +sample inspection other 0.11 0.01 0.68 0.20 +frame uniformity TechTool 0.33 0.24 0.16 0.27 +penn treebank tag set Linguistics 0.01 0.70 0.29 0.00 +case-persistence TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.07 0.27 +document viewing TechTool 0.79 0.11 0.09 0.00 +semantic classification hierarchy TechTool 0.55 0.02 0.02 0.41 +lcs database TechTool 0.85 0.08 0.02 0.06 +numeric weighting TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +meta-knowledge other 0.39 0.00 0.61 0.00 +analytical function assignment TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +boundary-determination TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +content selection step other 0.28 0.00 0.71 0.01 +spoken output synthesis other 0.40 0.00 0.60 0.00 +perceptron-like ordinal regression algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +architecture machiue TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.00 +multimodal interactivity TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.37 0.00 +structure representation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.02 0.26 +speech-tospeech translation TechTool 0.72 0.22 0.04 0.01 +object discriminatiou TechTool 0.57 0.11 0.13 0.18 +type disjunction TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.35 0.00 +subsumptlon ordering TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.18 0.02 +topicalization other 0.14 0.34 0.47 0.04 +repository TechTool 0.57 0.14 0.19 0.10 +marketing TechTool 0.54 0.09 0.28 0.09 +ne tagging TechTool 0.81 0.12 0.01 0.05 +interpolation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +em algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +association-based word-alignment TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +oov morpheme processing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +re-scoring TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.03 0.10 +hierarchical classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +description logics TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.10 0.09 +reference speaker selection TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.24 0.00 +japanese named entity identification TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.01 0.00 +leart ~ ing TechTool 0.43 0.15 0.41 0.00 +word translation disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.04 0.01 +overlapping clustering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +term variant DSMMM 0.12 0.02 0.10 0.76 +ibm viavoice engine TechTool 0.77 0.03 0.08 0.12 +mining biological semantics TechTool 0.73 0.26 0.01 0.01 +dialogue strategies other 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.00 +speech event frame Linguistics 0.36 0.56 0.06 0.03 +dependency structure acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +tree adjunct grammars DSMMM 0.41 0.10 0.03 0.46 +anaphoric expressions Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.46 0.01 +discourse understanding TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.05 0.00 +decision-tree pruning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +verb lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +manual editing processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +svm-based recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +path collection DSMMM 0.12 0.29 0.21 0.38 +relaxation-ranking passage retrieval TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +Czech Linguistics 0.17 0.61 0.16 0.05 +whole-document bleu maximization TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.01 0.02 +tag assigment TechTool 0.73 0.21 0.04 0.01 +relation assignment TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.39 0.01 +optimisation TechTool 0.72 0.06 0.19 0.04 +target language sentence Linguistics 0.04 0.85 0.04 0.07 +abstract TechTool 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.22 +word editing distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.80 +headword prediction TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.01 0.33 +gender main-streaming TechTool 0.55 0.18 0.27 0.00 +contextual resolution component TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +semisupervised learning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +pinyin-to-character conversion TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.02 0.06 +clause-level annotation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.02 +surface-level matching TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.06 0.39 +translation dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.01 +svms-based chunking TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +text-plan input other 0.18 0.02 0.80 0.00 +gapping other 0.03 0.10 0.64 0.22 +correspondence-based transfer TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +coreference scoring TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +sash construction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.02 +probabilistic translation model DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.85 +word order similarity DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.09 0.89 +multilingual query TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +dialogue system architecture TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.00 +focus-based pronoun resolution TechTool 0.79 0.06 0.12 0.03 +edr english corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +automatic summarisation research TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +numerical optimization method TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +semi-automatic summarization system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +LSA-based and the cooccurrence-based word vectors DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.01 0.77 +muc information extraction other 0.44 0.00 0.55 0.01 +programming implementation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +training rerank TechTool 0.69 0.22 0.04 0.05 +error-driven rule pruning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +classification system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +document processing and analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +discourse-level structure other 0.12 0.25 0.34 0.29 +name suggestion Linguistics 0.41 0.51 0.08 0.01 +integrated information management TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +svm-light TechTool 0.45 0.01 0.13 0.41 +subtrees TechTool 0.55 0.18 0.15 0.13 +semantic role labeler TechTool 0.65 0.05 0.29 0.01 +framenet training Linguistics 0.24 0.70 0.06 0.00 +hmm post-processor TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +thesaurus building TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.00 0.01 +semantic role identification TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +distance measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.93 +sentence segmentor and tokenizer TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.02 0.13 +question reformulation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.27 0.02 +probability re-estimation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +topic detection and tracking task TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +translation accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.98 +perplexity DSMMM 0.30 0.21 0.16 0.33 +locuslink TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +dtg recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +single term indexing TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.00 0.02 +domain-dependent knowledge base other 0.10 0.36 0.49 0.05 +temporal connective selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +first pair part other 0.04 0.05 0.91 0.00 +mapping process other 0.18 0.00 0.82 0.00 +synchronous parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +performance evaluation DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +parser comparison and evaluation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +dynamic combiner TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +character representation TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.03 0.40 +phonological interpreter TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.02 +mt-specific search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +ratio-based rule selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +fixed-point arithmetic system TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.10 0.02 +two-step clustering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +constiluonl boundary ixusing TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.14 0.12 +tile production TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +agent paradigm Linguistics 0.49 0.49 0.02 0.00 +discourse relation other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.01 +multi-level language checking TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.09 0.19 +formal concept analysis TechTool 0.83 0.11 0.05 0.01 +speech recognition corpus Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.01 +bunsetsu type Linguistics 0.25 0.52 0.16 0.08 +theoretic parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +data annotation TechTool 0.70 0.05 0.21 0.04 +n-gram modelling TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.03 0.26 +english word recognition TechTool 0.89 0.08 0.02 0.01 +post-transfer error detection TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.14 +bilingual corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +human gene normalization TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.10 0.02 +independent text categorization TechTool 0.71 0.26 0.03 0.00 +semantic tableau TechTool 0.55 0.12 0.20 0.12 +abductive logic programming TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +IBM models DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +pauses other 0.22 0.31 0.34 0.13 +temporal adverb TechTool 0.51 0.34 0.14 0.00 +verbal context other 0.01 0.37 0.62 0.00 +patxem recognition TechTool 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.07 +chinese language modeling TechTool 0.85 0.03 0.01 0.10 +distributional analysis TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +empirical Mt research other 0.26 0.01 0.72 0.00 +feature structure formalism TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +answer re-ranking TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.28 0.19 +linguistic database Linguistics 0.26 0.65 0.08 0.01 +interactive television TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +chinese word segmentor Linguistics 0.29 0.56 0.01 0.14 +rgraph TechTool 0.76 0.08 0.07 0.08 +lexical tagging TechTool 0.69 0.17 0.14 0.00 +annotation TechTool 0.46 0.27 0.19 0.08 +bipartite network DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.61 +chinese sentence generation TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.01 0.13 +semi-automatic ontology construction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +language query processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.04 0.03 +sentence interpretation TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.03 0.33 +sentence-semantic transfer TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.01 0.29 +numerical prediction TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.01 0.28 +japanese spelling Linguistics 0.36 0.40 0.25 0.00 +spatial contiguity principle TechTool 0.42 0.00 0.18 0.39 +bunsetsu identitication TechTool 0.49 0.44 0.02 0.05 +postpositional case particle Linguistics 0.10 0.87 0.02 0.02 +spoken dialogue management TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.01 0.00 +discourse analysis system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +probabilistic inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +majority classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +partof-speech TechTool 0.39 0.32 0.22 0.07 +tree induction system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +content-based information other 0.15 0.00 0.81 0.04 +corpus-based question-answering TechTool 0.64 0.33 0.01 0.02 +gb-based parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +interlingual translation TechTool 0.66 0.32 0.02 0.01 +lm pruning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +alignment database TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +multilingual name search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +wordform-based model DSMMM 0.15 0.01 0.00 0.84 +man-machine dialogue Linguistics 0.40 0.54 0.04 0.03 +language processing performance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.97 +density measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +efficient computer-computer collaboration TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +constrained decoding TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.29 0.03 +back-propagation algorithm TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +quantitative expansion TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +phrasal production TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +spanish corpus cast3lb Linguistics 0.09 0.91 0.00 0.00 +free natural language text other 0.34 0.12 0.54 0.00 +paragraph retrieval TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +vectofized processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +data handling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +conceptual structures DSMMM 0.06 0.08 0.20 0.65 +weight-updating learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +context information other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.01 +complete-link clustering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +domain-driven partial language analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.02 +japanese term identification TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.01 0.06 +telephone network TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.21 +procedural grammar TechTool 0.75 0.21 0.00 0.03 +length norrealization DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.89 +training instance TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +text-to speech TechTool 0.65 0.22 0.11 0.02 +computer-sitnulated learning TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +constraint graph DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.01 0.51 +stochastic chart-parsing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +syntactic theory Linguistics 0.07 0.52 0.41 0.01 +sentence level translation DSMMM 0.10 0.02 0.14 0.74 +selection-restriction violation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +gramlnar learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +candidate filtering TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.22 +contrastive stress assignment TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.01 +high-quality translation TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.00 0.47 +classical vector model DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.58 +co-occurrence count DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.92 +word window Linguistics 0.03 0.63 0.02 0.33 +bigram decoding TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +unix operating system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +query-relevant summarization TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.01 +sense distinctions other 0.03 0.04 0.92 0.01 +unsupervised training TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +multisequence alignment TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.04 +motif-based user interface TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +automatic sentence compression TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.22 +video tracking TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.01 +semantics Linguistics 0.12 0.68 0.13 0.08 +boundary identification approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +bottom-up design TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.14 0.07 +object-oriented design other 0.44 0.01 0.53 0.02 +grammar inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +keyhole recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +knowledge acquisition methodology TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +word strings Linguistics 0.00 0.68 0.18 0.14 +concurrent markup TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.00 +speech analysis tool TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.07 0.00 +resolution problem TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +deictic noun phrase Linguistics 0.08 0.91 0.00 0.01 +hyperonymy TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +wsi algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +paraphrase extraction TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.06 +triplet model DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.90 +entity merging TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.34 0.02 +grammar writing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +syntagmatic information other 0.01 0.01 0.95 0.03 +word-level ambiguity other 0.03 0.00 0.82 0.14 +kaplan-montague theory TechTool 0.52 0.45 0.02 0.00 +fmeasure TechTool 0.46 0.08 0.09 0.37 +continous speech other 0.02 0.32 0.55 0.10 +semantic similarity measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.97 +factoid identiflcation TechTool 0.78 0.06 0.14 0.03 +database indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +annealing algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +parametric estimation TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +coreference clusterization TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +word features other 0.00 0.12 0.47 0.40 +psychobiology TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +sign detection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +didactic utilization TechTool 0.69 0.04 0.27 0.01 +diacritic restoration TechTool 0.77 0.06 0.16 0.01 +festival textto-speech system TechTool 0.86 0.09 0.03 0.02 +telegraphic text compression TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.09 0.02 +phrase structure Linguistics 0.13 0.45 0.00 0.41 +wilcoxon test Linguistics 0.02 0.71 0.01 0.26 +incremental learning method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +deterministic parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +query generation component TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +paraphrasing technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +cross-lingual fertilization TechTool 0.70 0.05 0.11 0.14 +verb-level Linguistics 0.00 0.51 0.25 0.23 +deep semantic structure Linguistics 0.11 0.32 0.26 0.31 +tipster gazetteer other 0.13 0.39 0.49 0.00 +automated tagging TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +partial pattern tree DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.05 0.66 +feedback-directed optimization TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +nearest neighbors other 0.02 0.15 0.82 0.01 +reference annotation schemata TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.27 0.00 +information structure identification TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.30 0.00 +model estimation and re-estimation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +np annotation TechTool 0.66 0.29 0.03 0.02 +mmr-based feature selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +grammatical deduction TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.10 0.00 +speech recognition framework TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +semantic vector TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.00 0.19 +good-turing estimation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +dialogue move other 0.06 0.02 0.83 0.10 +speech recognition and generation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.01 +analyzer TechTool 0.66 0.16 0.11 0.07 +kpca model DSMMM 0.22 0.00 0.00 0.78 +term-document matrix TechTool 0.42 0.14 0.02 0.42 +class distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.84 +back-of-book indexing TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.00 0.08 +part-of-speech tags TechTool 0.70 0.25 0.04 0.00 +cky recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +statistical qa TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +technical solution Linguistics 0.07 0.77 0.15 0.00 +te recognition TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +edict dictionary Linguistics 0.05 0.93 0.01 0.00 +knowledge bases other 0.07 0.12 0.81 0.00 +bottom-up parsing algorithm TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +aspectual representation TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.05 0.43 +sequence-processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +graphsearch TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +learning other 0.23 0.17 0.42 0.18 +contextual similarity DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +boundary labeling TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +effective grammar size DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.12 0.78 +work flow development other 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.00 +distributional soundness TechTool 0.40 0.04 0.37 0.19 +adjacency principle DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.02 0.69 +human-computer dialogue Linguistics 0.38 0.46 0.14 0.02 +machine learn approach TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +automated classi cation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +anaphoric annotation TechTool 0.83 0.08 0.09 0.00 +monolingual sentence alignment TechTool 0.75 0.02 0.01 0.21 +large-scale generation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +statistical pronominalization TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +finite-state models TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.03 0.10 +multi-lingual corpora Linguistics 0.27 0.72 0.00 0.01 +intonational contour DSMMM 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.79 +ilp-based branch-and-cut DSMMM 0.15 0.01 0.03 0.81 +morpho-syntactic analysis TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.08 0.01 +decision tree method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +supervised machine learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +top-down disambiguation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +shortestpath TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +susy TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.07 0.17 +thematic decoupling Linguistics 0.37 0.55 0.06 0.01 +linguistic discourse processing TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.00 +smoothing techniques TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +model building TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +sentence modality identification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +english verb sense Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.02 0.00 +editorial assistance TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +international phonetic alphabet other 0.01 0.41 0.55 0.02 +cl ustering TechTool 0.49 0.25 0.18 0.09 +adaptive strategy TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +name classification TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.00 0.01 +contextual focus other 0.00 0.09 0.73 0.18 +left-corner strategy TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.39 0.04 +multi-lingual query generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +directed search TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.14 0.07 +syntactic rank DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.13 0.85 +underspecification TechTool 0.46 0.05 0.44 0.05 +stability measure DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.08 0.92 +drs construction principle TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.04 0.16 +f-score performance DSMMM 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.94 +corrective modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +muc-3 corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.78 0.16 0.06 +english-japanese translation system TechTool 0.79 0.19 0.00 0.01 +lexical functional grammars TechTool 0.84 0.12 0.03 0.00 +constraint processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +guided marker-passing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +subversion other 0.43 0.05 0.45 0.07 +text retrieval system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +grapheme-to-phoneme trmascription TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +linguistic phenomena test Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.08 0.04 +orthographic variation other 0.02 0.00 0.59 0.39 +word-based computer speech Linguistics 0.20 0.53 0.06 0.21 +stw conversion TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.01 +name recognition and reduction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.12 0.04 +annotated training corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.00 +ga text planner TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.01 0.00 +intrinsic system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +grammatical representation TechTool 0.77 0.05 0.03 0.15 +pushdown automaton TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.06 0.11 +cepstral-mean normalization \ TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +large-scale lexicon Linguistics 0.14 0.81 0.01 0.04 +spanish parsing TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.00 0.01 +context-free parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +linguistic annotation TechTool 0.79 0.12 0.08 0.01 +named entity task other 0.17 0.01 0.82 0.01 +geometric distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.93 +statistical inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +vector-feature similarity TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +multilingual machine translation TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +class agreement feature DSMMM 0.14 0.01 0.09 0.77 +dialogue translation technology TechTool 0.66 0.06 0.28 0.01 +expectation-maximization algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +questionnaire Linguistics 0.28 0.39 0.22 0.10 +semi-automatic acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +nmltimodal subcategorization TechTool 0.57 0.36 0.04 0.02 +word error correction TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.34 +tile filtering TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +bp chunking TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +nl text understanding TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +lexical decoding TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +system development and evaluation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.22 0.02 +graph cutting TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.03 0.31 +bilingual word alignment TechTool 0.61 0.33 0.00 0.06 +complementation other 0.15 0.31 0.42 0.12 +weighted perceptron TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +binary categorization TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +expression matching and substitution TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +evaluation strategy TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.02 0.31 +processor TechTool 0.30 0.28 0.24 0.18 +grouped voting TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.22 0.04 +context resolution TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +k-fold cross-validation TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.04 0.00 +numerical optimization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +linear kernel function TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +keyword-spotting \ TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.00 0.02 +automated accentuation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +positive polarity Linguistics 0.12 0.73 0.04 0.11 +one-sided minimum-weight edge cover TechTool 0.49 0.19 0.01 0.32 +verb raising Linguistics 0.08 0.85 0.07 0.01 +dictionary classification TechTool 0.64 0.35 0.00 0.00 +humor recognition or generation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +sentence condensation system TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.00 0.07 +disambiguation process TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +polynomial-dine recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +non-deep pattern matching TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.13 0.24 +posterior other 0.27 0.21 0.31 0.21 +grammatical information other 0.01 0.07 0.92 0.00 +spontaneous speech processing TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.10 0.00 +low-dimensional feature DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.63 +semantic coherence DSMMM 0.28 0.01 0.34 0.37 +clause-like unit identification TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +mbt tagset TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.02 0.02 +hidden Markov models ( HMM ) TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +location normalization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +mt systems TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tree classifier TechTool 0.72 0.01 0.00 0.27 +greedy search algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +smnmarization TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.11 0.08 +multi-tier mapping TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.13 0.00 +speech form other 0.05 0.36 0.45 0.13 +representative corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.05 0.01 +canonical syntactic function TechTool 0.47 0.16 0.29 0.08 +semantic coding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.01 +medical dictionary Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.00 +solution search TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.03 +vq design TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.36 0.02 +dialect comparison TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +bottom-up documentstructuring TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.01 0.20 +lexical search TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +feature-description language TechTool 0.72 0.18 0.03 0.07 +lsa-weighted voting TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +syllable-word segmentation TechTool 0.80 0.13 0.05 0.02 +local phrase reordering TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +alignmelit TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +morphological parsing program TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +text categorization TechTool 0.85 0.12 0.03 0.00 +morphological analysis program TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.00 +discourse treebank Linguistics 0.02 0.92 0.06 0.00 +automatic treebank conversion TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +human processing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +paraphrase template TechTool 0.70 0.05 0.02 0.23 +iob annotation TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +recursive partitioning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +speech generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +wordfreak annotation tool TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.12 0.00 +stylistic norm DSMMM 0.04 0.13 0.31 0.52 +likelihood maximization TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +twoto-one channel probability DSMMM 0.11 0.23 0.01 0.65 +predicate structure extractor TechTool 0.57 0.36 0.00 0.06 +compound prediction TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.12 +n-best list re-ranking TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.19 0.02 +data fusion TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.09 0.15 +summary grading TechTool 0.60 0.12 0.18 0.10 +computational learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +noun-adjective agreement Linguistics 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.30 +add-one smoothing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +statistical corpus-based natural language understanding TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.00 0.01 +related-term database Linguistics 0.27 0.40 0.23 0.10 +terminology learning other 0.36 0.03 0.61 0.00 +search control TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +asymmetric clustering TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +batch processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +pattern generation mechanism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +language generation and summarization TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +indices derivation other 0.23 0.03 0.73 0.02 +mt reranking TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +english lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +vacuous quantification Linguistics 0.24 0.62 0.09 0.05 +annotation representation methodology TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.02 +parameter selection procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +genre detection TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +structure disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +sound separation other 0.34 0.00 0.52 0.15 +cepstral-filtedng TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.38 +kontext anaphor resolution TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.00 +n-gram-based evaluation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.02 0.42 +human-human collaboration TechTool 0.63 0.02 0.35 0.00 +subjective human judgment other 0.02 0.02 0.95 0.01 +maximum entropy qa TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +bilingual lexicon extraction TechTool 0.52 0.48 0.00 0.01 +length-based or translation-based criterion TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.07 0.16 +kanji-recognition TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +matching rule TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +intelligent testing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +language-processing application software TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +summarization corpora Linguistics 0.18 0.81 0.00 0.01 +author attribution other 0.28 0.04 0.68 0.00 +phrase-to-phrase alignment TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.00 0.06 +small-sized training corpora Linguistics 0.20 0.79 0.00 0.01 +assessor TechTool 0.34 0.29 0.32 0.04 +non-projective dependency graph DSMMM 0.08 0.02 0.05 0.86 +spanish parser TechTool 0.66 0.34 0.00 0.00 +candidate selection method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +atn grammar development TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +unsupervised method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +decidable satisfiability problem other 0.30 0.00 0.69 0.01 +clause level stress other 0.02 0.03 0.83 0.13 +language selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +exact parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.04 0.07 +agreement-based selection TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.13 +pilot system TechTool 0.86 0.09 0.04 0.00 +alignment software TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word-for-word conversion table DSMMM 0.17 0.33 0.13 0.37 +annotation checking TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.02 0.16 +power law distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.95 +truth-value DSMMM 0.30 0.02 0.00 0.68 +plan tree DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.14 0.76 +model section DSMMM 0.00 0.25 0.09 0.67 +predicate calculus TechTool 0.70 0.28 0.02 0.00 +cle one-anaphora resolution TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.00 0.00 +conditional maximum entropy DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.67 +classifier ensemble TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +topdown generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +lexical strata Linguistics 0.07 0.51 0.42 0.00 +meeting recording TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +em learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +interactive design TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +taxonomy other 0.15 0.25 0.34 0.26 +documentpair TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +altavista model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.92 +verb phrase deletion Linguistics 0.30 0.69 0.01 0.00 +transcribed switchboard other 0.02 0.38 0.60 0.00 +lexical level other 0.00 0.04 0.95 0.02 +statistical measure DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.90 +learning problem other 0.12 0.00 0.88 0.00 +transducer-based learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +performance ratio DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.94 +phonological input other 0.02 0.24 0.74 0.00 +linking other 0.16 0.22 0.32 0.30 +feature subset evaluation TechTool 0.81 0.02 0.04 0.14 +monolithic grammar TechTool 0.63 0.25 0.01 0.11 +grammar-based architecture TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +uni cation-based grammar TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +passive item TechTool 0.51 0.02 0.46 0.00 +quantitative chart design other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +viterbi path DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.06 0.68 +word alignment task TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.18 0.01 +thcsaurus generation TechTool 0.52 0.16 0.18 0.14 +event other 0.20 0.16 0.39 0.25 +audio recording TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.26 0.06 +syntactic\/semantic grammar TechTool 0.47 0.38 0.06 0.08 +decision theory TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +correspondence-based translation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.02 +identipscation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +ositional phrase Linguistics 0.19 0.74 0.00 0.06 +language parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +linguistic antecedent Linguistics 0.07 0.47 0.46 0.00 +prediction algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +unsupervised learning method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +entity extraction system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +semantic schema TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.02 0.03 +head switching TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.30 0.02 +productmoment correlation coefficient DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +significance assignment TechTool 0.46 0.00 0.33 0.20 +grammar normalization TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +noun phrase Linguistics 0.03 0.91 0.00 0.07 +english-to-japanese machine translation TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.01 +semantic class identification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +temporal information other 0.04 0.00 0.96 0.00 +quintus prolog TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +unit selection search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +perceptron network TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +intonational phrase Linguistics 0.05 0.64 0.00 0.30 +errordetection technique TechTool 0.32 0.29 0.22 0.17 +database administrator TechTool 0.72 0.04 0.22 0.01 +translation TechTool 0.57 0.17 0.19 0.07 +markov modeling approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +word sense Linguistics 0.06 0.84 0.05 0.05 +probabilistic word-lattice parsing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.18 +speech processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +ns analysis TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.24 0.00 +abduction-based system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +spellchecker TechTool 0.63 0.11 0.15 0.10 +eye tracking other 0.36 0.00 0.59 0.04 +composite localisation TechTool 0.54 0.33 0.05 0.08 +sentences Linguistics 0.20 0.61 0.13 0.06 +feature agreement DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.06 0.83 +automatic grammar extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +probabilistie modeling technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +psycholinguistic justification other 0.31 0.01 0.68 0.00 +disfluency modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +network training TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.00 0.33 +simultaneity other 0.06 0.12 0.64 0.19 +cluster-based indexing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +confidence prediction DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.56 +entity\/relation recognition TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.41 0.02 +acoustic model combination DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.65 +large text corpora Linguistics 0.10 0.89 0.01 0.00 +parametric embedding TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +genitive case other 0.23 0.27 0.34 0.16 +pathway discovery TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +automatic text understanding TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +morphological ambiguity problem other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +lexicon creation TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.02 0.00 +context free language TechTool 0.62 0.04 0.33 0.01 +nl translation TechTool 0.82 0.14 0.04 0.01 +statistical prediction engine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +transfer process TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.31 0.03 +communicator dataset TechTool 0.50 0.25 0.24 0.01 +minimum match TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +orthographic information other 0.04 0.00 0.95 0.01 +graph clustering TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +tense translation TechTool 0.56 0.33 0.11 0.00 +language localisation other 0.09 0.32 0.45 0.14 +informationextraction TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +machine translation evaluation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.04 0.22 +phoneme distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.64 +treebank construction TechTool 0.60 0.20 0.18 0.02 +querying Linguistics 0.31 0.47 0.16 0.07 +periphrastic inflection other 0.13 0.31 0.55 0.01 +parsing technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +u-ldm parsing TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.05 0.00 +language grammar Linguistics 0.30 0.38 0.03 0.29 +foreign words Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.10 0.01 +answer analysis TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.23 0.18 +phrase recognition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +cluster number estimation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.03 0.17 +levenshtein edit-distance function DSMMM 0.29 0.00 0.02 0.69 +bottom-up dynamic programming parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +locative phrase Linguistics 0.20 0.79 0.00 0.01 +template-induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +local disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +clarification behavior other 0.05 0.00 0.94 0.01 +computer speech recognition TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.03 0.01 +human-computer communication TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.32 0.00 +text to speech other 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.03 +pattern extraction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +sentenceextractor TechTool 0.64 0.10 0.14 0.12 +categorization technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +speechto-speech translation TechTool 0.78 0.19 0.01 0.02 +iterative prototyping TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +ontology matching TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +english translation evaluation TechTool 0.65 0.07 0.07 0.21 +multi-modal information TechTool 0.51 0.12 0.36 0.00 +type selection and analysis TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +synchronous tree-adjoining grammars TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.00 +chinese dependency analysis TechTool 0.80 0.11 0.01 0.08 +type theory other 0.07 0.16 0.77 0.01 +adaptive sequencing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +wfst optimization TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +target language corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.01 0.04 +tense form other 0.29 0.34 0.37 0.00 +abbreviation extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +japanese dependency parser TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.00 0.02 +multimodal fission TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.00 +pronominal reference resolution TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.10 0.00 +dialogue Linguistics 0.06 0.43 0.43 0.08 +language processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +local ambiguity reduction TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.28 0.12 +channel noise DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.18 0.80 +classifier matching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +word-based representation TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.01 0.44 +logical equivalence DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.15 0.67 +pfst induction TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.33 0.09 +phrase selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +parser failure TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +transcriptions other 0.11 0.39 0.43 0.07 +processing stream TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +speech recognition equipment TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +n-gram score DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.96 +document interpretation TechTool 0.84 0.05 0.08 0.03 +tasc algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +supertagging probability distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +intelligent system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +interleaved method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +context-based scoring TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +learning-based translation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +finite-state language model TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.06 0.39 +baseline DSMMM 0.35 0.13 0.17 0.35 +temporal expression interpretation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.18 0.07 +collocation model DSMMM 0.03 0.07 0.00 0.90 +plural noun phrase Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.02 +adjunction analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +question , passage , and answer level other 0.01 0.01 0.82 0.16 +topic interpretation TechTool 0.44 0.10 0.42 0.04 +semantic networks TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.03 0.46 +petri net formalisms TechTool 0.72 0.20 0.07 0.01 +link extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +graph algorithm TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +annotator TechTool 0.34 0.29 0.32 0.04 +automata-based theorem-proving TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +supervised system evaluation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +multiple inheritance TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +token classification task TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.01 +frequency list Linguistics 0.00 0.52 0.01 0.47 +expectation-maximization TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +information systems TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +database Linguistics 0.33 0.36 0.26 0.06 +discriminative training \ TechTool 0.75 0.23 0.00 0.02 +collective noun Linguistics 0.04 0.95 0.00 0.01 +context-free grammar induction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +lexical gap other 0.08 0.01 0.90 0.00 +set comparison TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.00 +term constituent DSMMM 0.00 0.45 0.03 0.52 +classifier construction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +graph-based inference TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +word-based statistical language model DSMMM 0.26 0.01 0.00 0.73 +document structure Linguistics 0.10 0.66 0.12 0.12 +spoken dialogue corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +multilingual text classification TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.00 +chinese term extraction TechTool 0.55 0.04 0.00 0.41 +organizational scheme TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +corpus annotation Linguistics 0.26 0.73 0.00 0.00 +jointly-trained single statistical parsing model TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.00 0.35 +computational generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +common-sense reasoning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +label matching TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +overt topicalization Linguistics 0.05 0.69 0.26 0.00 +response selection TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.02 +commonsense reasoning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +language information other 0.01 0.01 0.96 0.02 +bipartite matching TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +chain structuring TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +mutual bootstrapping TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +inference enhancement TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +concept formation TechTool 0.80 0.15 0.05 0.00 +real-time parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +term selection TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +analysis technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +information transmission problems other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +advanced information technology TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +stochastic derivation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +word-based language model DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.91 +asr\/telephony server development TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.01 +written language corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.83 0.14 0.01 +frombilingualcorpora TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +information browsing and navigation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +clm answer selection TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.09 0.07 +constraint-satisfaction TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.01 0.27 +data model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +theme classification TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.01 0.00 +chinese word tokenization TechTool 0.59 0.37 0.01 0.04 +annotation evaluation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.03 0.13 +block other 0.22 0.21 0.38 0.20 +lambda structures TechTool 0.72 0.03 0.02 0.23 +document language model DSMMM 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.93 +lexicalisation TechTool 0.60 0.08 0.21 0.11 +annotator accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.96 +english compound Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.02 +statistics TechTool 0.40 0.21 0.19 0.20 +subtype detection and characterization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +automatic term expansion TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +cf search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +japanese case marker Linguistics 0.42 0.56 0.01 0.01 +mark-up standard Linguistics 0.30 0.66 0.01 0.03 +book keeping TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.28 0.18 +unbounded rule head other 0.21 0.00 0.54 0.24 +trace-filler co-indexation TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.03 0.02 +antecedent selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +lexical entry selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +interannotator reliability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.95 +unannotated text corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.00 +colored unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +treewalk TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +lexicon evaluation method DSMMM 0.25 0.16 0.00 0.59 +translation model estimation TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +identification process TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +bidding management TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +text passage other 0.14 0.14 0.71 0.01 +key phrase extraction TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +relational algebra TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.01 0.37 +resolution process TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +pronouns Linguistics 0.14 0.67 0.14 0.06 +human-machine communication TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +mixed-initiative dialogue TechTool 0.81 0.15 0.03 0.01 +coreference corpus Linguistics 0.08 0.92 0.00 0.01 +lexico-semantic knowledge base other 0.03 0.04 0.87 0.07 +structure Linguistics 0.22 0.29 0.27 0.21 +medical vocabulary Linguistics 0.00 0.76 0.22 0.02 +graph-searchlng TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.39 +reinforcement training TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.01 +machinereadable corpora Linguistics 0.07 0.67 0.11 0.14 +ellison one-level phonology Linguistics 0.17 0.78 0.04 0.01 +wsdc model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.92 +deterministic classificatio n TechTool 0.42 0.14 0.42 0.03 +situation type determination TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.01 +extraction problem TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +graph-based method TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +key term expansion TechTool 0.78 0.01 0.00 0.21 +argument presentation other 0.16 0.00 0.84 0.01 +co-occurrence analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.03 +knowledge resource other 0.01 0.14 0.85 0.00 +proposition other 0.12 0.30 0.50 0.08 +delta-likelihood DSMMM 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.91 +text recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +data consortium other 0.01 0.03 0.95 0.02 +learning subjective nouns Linguistics 0.00 0.60 0.40 0.00 +acoustic noise analysis TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.15 0.30 +formal semantics Linguistics 0.12 0.82 0.02 0.04 +pragmatic theory other 0.22 0.38 0.39 0.01 +optimal ambiguity packing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.03 +rule extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +move-tagged abstract Linguistics 0.13 0.61 0.25 0.01 +unbounded dependency DSMMM 0.20 0.01 0.04 0.75 +micro planning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +unsupervised acquisition TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +extraction-based summarization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +speech enhancement algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.03 +letter-substitution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +ppm word segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +recognition search TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +automatic lexicon enhancement TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.01 +knowledge-based inferen c other 0.12 0.01 0.57 0.30 +cat algorithm TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +entry selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pos smoothing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +contextual complexity DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.25 0.75 +history retention other 0.06 0.10 0.60 0.24 +signature completion TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.09 0.08 +context-sensitive spelling-error correction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +tiger corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +conditional generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +class assignment TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.02 +field compatibility DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.40 0.55 +standard arabic-english translation task TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.48 0.01 +document sharing TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.33 0.16 +hierarchical clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +unsupervised learn algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +subpredicates TechTool 0.48 0.32 0.09 0.10 +soft vector quantization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +computer-based retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +dialog context other 0.38 0.03 0.59 0.01 +discourse marker lexicon Linguistics 0.03 0.95 0.01 0.00 +duration module TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.17 0.17 +topic extraction TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +structural analysis TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.00 +cyk-table-driven interactive relaxation parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +information subsumption other 0.19 0.00 0.79 0.02 +entity reference resolution TechTool 0.70 0.05 0.24 0.01 +addressee other 0.24 0.09 0.63 0.03 +semantic hierarchy DSMMM 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.82 +speech understanding system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +random weighting TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +grammar notation TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.01 0.05 +language processtug TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +random generation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +conceptual graph DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.02 0.85 +patternmatching TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +sentence detection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +speaker adaptation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +decoder algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +model switching TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +unlabeled dependency identification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.01 0.03 +inter-process communication other 0.08 0.00 0.91 0.01 +belltree TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +paragraph-based summarization TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.01 0.06 +singular value decomposition DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.01 0.66 +maximum-weight bipartite TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.00 0.37 +word-sense determination TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +computer communication other 0.37 0.00 0.63 0.00 +lexical resource Linguistics 0.01 0.68 0.31 0.00 +intention recognition TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +csr corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +ward linkage other 0.23 0.03 0.66 0.09 +performance modeling DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.98 +tree drawing DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.29 0.66 +computational natural language learning TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.22 0.00 +stemmer TechTool 0.74 0.07 0.16 0.03 +testing speech TechTool 0.35 0.19 0.15 0.31 +attribute selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +processing module TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +most-frequent-sense baseline TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.02 0.05 +string unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +cf parser construction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +text generation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +direct anaphora other 0.48 0.02 0.50 0.00 +indexing scheme TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +digital video information other 0.08 0.00 0.91 0.01 +free indexation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +truth-maintenance system TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +grammar compilation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +insertion grammars TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +wittgenstein other 0.33 0.21 0.42 0.04 +multi-level resolution TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +multimodal referent specification TechTool 0.53 0.04 0.43 0.00 +online completion TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +domain identification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +child-directed speech other 0.02 0.16 0.60 0.23 +lexicon-free indexing TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +frame description TechTool 0.47 0.45 0.06 0.02 +spontaneous dialogue other 0.01 0.43 0.55 0.00 +noisy translation lexicon Linguistics 0.10 0.83 0.04 0.03 +unification grammars TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +predicative noun Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.01 +english argument identification TechTool 0.86 0.09 0.05 0.00 +language ambiguity other 0.03 0.00 0.89 0.07 +large margin training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lambek proof TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.25 0.00 +argument matching TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +spell checking TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.02 0.34 +hand-crafted rules TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +lexicon generation TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.01 0.00 +multilingual text alignment TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +document level opinion other 0.00 0.18 0.76 0.06 +world wide web Linguistics 0.02 0.84 0.12 0.02 +t-structure TechTool 0.59 0.30 0.04 0.08 +maxent conditional probability model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +language understanding modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +bracketing TechTool 0.38 0.20 0.24 0.18 +named-entity task TechTool 0.62 0.01 0.36 0.01 +morphological dismnbiguation TechTool 0.62 0.05 0.33 0.00 +unification-based transfer TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +chinese sentence parsing TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.26 +measure DSMMM 0.21 0.08 0.30 0.40 +continuous-speech TechTool 0.69 0.11 0.10 0.10 +automated authorship attribution TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.00 +feature combination TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +fastus reference resolution TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +gr parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +selection learning TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sound wave manipulation TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.20 0.06 +semantic subcategorization TechTool 0.70 0.23 0.05 0.02 +np constraint TechTool 0.62 0.15 0.10 0.14 +bilingual text alignment TechTool 0.83 0.16 0.01 0.00 +selective concept extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +classification accuracy \ DSMMM 0.40 0.03 0.00 0.57 +matching algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +computational linguistics ontology Linguistics 0.05 0.67 0.03 0.25 +feature clustering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +tree-cut extraction method TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +pseudo-disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +word graph compression DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.01 0.60 +noun interpretation Linguistics 0.36 0.60 0.00 0.03 +quality DSMMM 0.05 0.14 0.19 0.63 +fulltext information retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +category size DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.09 0.90 +corpus evidence Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.02 0.01 +morphological comparison TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +induction process TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +humorous effect other 0.01 0.08 0.53 0.38 +interactive personal translation system TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +case ellipsis TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +metalinguistic knowledge other 0.06 0.02 0.92 0.00 +arabic-english Linguistics 0.14 0.85 0.01 0.00 +mandarin chinese hownet Linguistics 0.20 0.78 0.01 0.01 +constraint feature induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +need other 0.17 0.16 0.62 0.06 +bitext mapping algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +metonymy interpretation TechTool 0.75 0.09 0.16 0.01 +lexical acquisition algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +segmented discourse representation other 0.43 0.03 0.51 0.02 +document coreference TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.03 0.01 +grammahcal processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +non-destructive unification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.01 +multilingual text processing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +graph partitioning TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.01 0.37 +word-dependent substitution costs DSMMM 0.22 0.02 0.00 0.76 +selection strategy TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +context size DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +topic-focus identification TechTool 0.65 0.04 0.29 0.01 +two-stage search TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +preference modeling TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +keyword labeling TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.00 +grammar writer TechTool 0.70 0.06 0.24 0.00 +spoken translation TechTool 0.72 0.26 0.03 0.00 +lexical relations other 0.00 0.10 0.90 0.00 +dialogue cooperativity other 0.44 0.09 0.44 0.03 +air traveler information other 0.03 0.03 0.91 0.02 +continuation rise other 0.05 0.06 0.69 0.21 +human behavior other 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.07 +cognitive model DSMMM 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.95 +glossary identification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +state-bound indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +topological dependency grammar DSMMM 0.33 0.18 0.00 0.49 +abstract sentence Linguistics 0.01 0.76 0.15 0.08 +topic boundary identification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +re-estimation algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +semantic parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +schwa deletion TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.18 0.00 +quantified noun phrase Linguistics 0.04 0.90 0.00 0.06 +utterance structure other 0.03 0.18 0.56 0.23 +candidate-wise classification TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.03 +language evaluation DSMMM 0.36 0.01 0.04 0.58 +hierarchy match DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.86 +applicative expression DSMMM 0.04 0.02 0.20 0.74 +terminological information other 0.02 0.01 0.96 0.01 +statistical sense disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +meaning representation and analysis TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +pattern matcher TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +annotated test collection Linguistics 0.04 0.93 0.02 0.00 +baseline results other 0.04 0.00 0.65 0.31 +supervised back-off TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.37 +sentential distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.71 +generative diagram TechTool 0.41 0.03 0.33 0.24 +noun countability detection TechTool 0.53 0.45 0.00 0.02 +paraphrasing TechTool 0.53 0.30 0.12 0.05 +long distance dependencies DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +suffix tree DSMMM 0.03 0.35 0.01 0.61 +dynamic programming technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +pen treebank Linguistics 0.33 0.63 0.03 0.01 +finite-state machinery TechTool 0.80 0.03 0.16 0.00 +knowledge base search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +quadratic time other 0.05 0.00 0.48 0.47 +ontologies Linguistics 0.23 0.34 0.18 0.25 +computer virus recognition TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +statistical feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +propositional content other 0.13 0.11 0.60 0.16 +germanet TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +selectional restriction rules TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.06 0.37 +lfg construction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.01 +contour principle DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.04 0.66 +document summarization TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.00 +interactive learning TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +glossary Linguistics 0.17 0.59 0.18 0.06 +hidden understanding model TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +node splitting TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.09 0.11 +letter mapping TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +factored pruning TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.10 0.13 +grammar evaluation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.32 +gidlp parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +automatic natural language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +enron corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.01 0.01 +structure analyzer TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.01 0.02 +p-name extraction TechTool 0.84 0.06 0.00 0.10 +non-indo-european language Linguistics 0.21 0.60 0.17 0.02 +computational language analysis TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.11 0.05 +guided propagation networks TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.07 0.15 +reference disambiguation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +stochastic generation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +base-np detection TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.00 0.02 +head-and-tail matching TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +cross validation TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +probabilistic access function TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +document object model DSMMM 0.00 0.14 0.00 0.86 +polymorphism other 0.15 0.05 0.73 0.07 +singledocument summarization TechTool 0.40 0.37 0.19 0.04 +tagging scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +essay grading TechTool 0.65 0.03 0.31 0.01 +pearson correlation coefficient DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +misrecognition rate DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.93 +communicative acts other 0.01 0.05 0.94 0.00 +pattern generating TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +weibull distribution DSMMM 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.40 +linearisation TechTool 0.76 0.08 0.08 0.08 +argument realization other 0.20 0.27 0.52 0.01 +noun-phrase analysis TechTool 0.74 0.25 0.00 0.02 +kpca training TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.01 0.02 +compound recognition and bracketing TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.07 0.03 +synonymy detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +reversible letter-to-sound\/sound-to-letter generation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +coordination other 0.14 0.14 0.60 0.13 +tree cutting DSMMM 0.26 0.01 0.04 0.69 +selective relaxation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +mixture models DSMMM 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.82 +ontology creation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +speech act tag other 0.34 0.27 0.38 0.00 +perspective-taking other 0.08 0.08 0.76 0.08 +ltag framework TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +graph uni cation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +Dynamic Hierarchical Phrasal Lexicon ( DHPL ) TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +telegraphic sentence construction TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.07 0.13 +rapid parser development TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +paragraph-based approach TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.01 0.05 +intrinsic testing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.02 +svm light DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.47 0.48 +machine translation model DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.86 +relevance weighting DSMMM 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.52 +gold standard Linguistics 0.16 0.80 0.00 0.04 +input word form other 0.01 0.42 0.56 0.02 +specificity determining TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +logical definition TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.05 0.13 +word co-occurrence analysis TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.07 0.08 +semantic matching TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.01 0.12 +discourse-tagged corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +morphology learning TechTool 0.71 0.04 0.25 0.00 +vowel harmony other 0.02 0.21 0.61 0.15 +tag mapping TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +np- and non-np-antecedents other 0.12 0.11 0.72 0.04 +approximate string matching TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.26 +cr classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +constructive type theory other 0.12 0.16 0.71 0.01 +gene expression other 0.01 0.03 0.49 0.47 +czech-english translation Linguistics 0.40 0.59 0.00 0.00 +5-fold cross-validation TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.05 0.01 +elliptical clause TechTool 0.69 0.18 0.14 0.00 +index detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +zero-pronoun TechTool 0.54 0.45 0.00 0.00 +relation subtype detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +nonverbal communication other 0.21 0.00 0.79 0.00 +rough alignment TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.09 +semi-automated feature collection TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.05 0.01 +system description TechTool 0.86 0.04 0.08 0.02 +language understanding and production TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.29 0.02 +template\/pattern matching TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.02 0.15 +automata-based grammar TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.00 0.16 +cscl parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +morpho-semantic generator TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.05 0.03 +bibliographic information other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +nonconcatenative morphology Linguistics 0.02 0.80 0.17 0.00 +ewluation technique TechTool 0.32 0.29 0.22 0.17 +marginal training TechTool 0.62 0.03 0.04 0.32 +load balancing DSMMM 0.07 0.00 0.43 0.50 +networking other 0.22 0.29 0.30 0.19 +predictive power DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +pos tag TechTool 0.58 0.38 0.04 0.00 +lexicalized tree grammars TechTool 0.57 0.14 0.01 0.27 +interactive speech-based e-mail system TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.00 +standard korean processing TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +constraint-based parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +selectional preference information other 0.34 0.00 0.57 0.08 +acoustic-pbonetic mapping TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.08 0.19 +event anaphora Linguistics 0.29 0.54 0.17 0.00 +discourse structure recognition TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.07 0.00 +menu-based debugging TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +lexicological research other 0.24 0.08 0.68 0.00 +ordexing TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +quantification problem other 0.01 0.00 0.99 0.00 +statistical significance testing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.04 0.09 +parallel data Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.06 0.00 +tritag model DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.95 +barriers theory other 0.04 0.25 0.70 0.01 +joint probability model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +structure computation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.06 0.27 +phone conversation other 0.08 0.07 0.54 0.31 +neural net TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +language morphology induction TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.29 0.00 +liklihood TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.14 0.10 +concept grammar rule TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.04 +canned corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +imperfect recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +dictionary definition analysis TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.01 0.02 +variable metric optimization TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.00 0.31 +extended horn clause rule TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +blockfinder TechTool 0.60 0.12 0.13 0.15 +precision computation DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +similarity DSMMM 0.06 0.13 0.27 0.54 +lexicon theory Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.11 0.01 +datalog database TechTool 0.79 0.16 0.05 0.00 +parametric fragment-length cost function DSMMM 0.31 0.01 0.01 0.67 +axie creation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +unification method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +mt-based paraphrase technique TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.09 +segments TechTool 0.33 0.27 0.30 0.10 +query-focused summarization model TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.02 0.46 +teaching TechTool 0.59 0.09 0.23 0.09 +near-duplicate document Linguistics 0.20 0.56 0.16 0.08 +hebrew processing TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +cyk parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +head-lexicalization TechTool 0.74 0.03 0.23 0.01 +feature selection method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +overspecificity TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +self-organizing grammar inference TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +dutch Linguistics 0.23 0.54 0.19 0.05 +artificial agent TechTool 0.52 0.48 0.00 0.00 +technical text Linguistics 0.00 0.57 0.43 0.00 +distributive interpretation TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.09 0.02 +signal proceasing TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.31 0.10 +biotechnology information other 0.02 0.01 0.97 0.01 +hp-top kernel TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +weakly supervised learning algo null TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.23 0.01 +conditional random fields Linguistics 0.12 0.80 0.03 0.05 +model parameter estimation TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +chart-based parsing framework TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +speaker-independent continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.09 0.00 +semantic extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +empty string Linguistics 0.32 0.65 0.03 0.00 +tile tagging TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sentence extraction system TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +development environment TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +linguistic knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +corpus-based acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +assertionlevel proving TechTool 0.66 0.10 0.13 0.12 +unsupervised tagging system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dialog control logic TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +reasoner \ TechTool 0.63 0.35 0.00 0.02 +statistical grammar TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.00 0.04 +trainable synthesis TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +template matching TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.11 +context sensibility other 0.40 0.01 0.43 0.16 +context-flee phrase TechTool 0.65 0.31 0.02 0.02 +anthropology TechTool 0.48 0.14 0.12 0.27 +program generation process TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.35 0.00 +event recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +tree-trellis search TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +linguistic granularity DSMMM 0.05 0.10 0.33 0.52 +relative-frequency estimation TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.00 0.19 +quadratic kernel TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +pattern construction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.12 0.07 +oov word extraction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +rst tree DSMMM 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.83 +syntactic and semantic information other 0.03 0.00 0.95 0.01 +word seuse disambiguation TechTool 0.86 0.12 0.02 0.01 +lexicon symmetrization Linguistics 0.17 0.81 0.00 0.02 +quantitative linearization TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.04 0.03 +verbal and nonverbal grounding act other 0.01 0.04 0.95 0.00 +term weightmg TechTool 0.61 0.14 0.14 0.11 +modern hebrew Linguistics 0.06 0.91 0.02 0.00 +vowel duration DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.25 0.74 +human-computer interface TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +completion rules TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.16 0.08 +factoid analysis TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +inside-outside estimation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.06 +froln structural information content other 0.04 0.01 0.92 0.03 +dictionary term translation Linguistics 0.06 0.71 0.00 0.23 +transliteration modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +strength of potential antecedence other 0.09 0.05 0.74 0.13 +structural translation recognition TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +czech-english dependency treebank Linguistics 0.09 0.89 0.00 0.02 +multilingual terminology Linguistics 0.07 0.74 0.19 0.00 +word lattice DSMMM 0.06 0.11 0.02 0.81 +semantic role prediction TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.19 0.03 +automated translation TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +scf determination TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.05 0.08 +tagalog Linguistics 0.23 0.54 0.19 0.05 +list-based decoding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +error reduction rate DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.97 +semantic content other 0.03 0.04 0.85 0.09 +translation memory other 0.38 0.00 0.46 0.16 +multiple-sequence alignment TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +smr reordering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +human parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +backoff lattice TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +weakly supervised learning TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +psycholinguistic analysis TechTool 0.54 0.01 0.45 0.00 +enea corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.04 +semantic synthesis TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.34 0.00 +named disjunction TechTool 0.76 0.23 0.02 0.00 +packed parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +target word Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.01 0.03 +answer Linguistics 0.15 0.40 0.38 0.07 +control mechanism TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +idus ( intelligent document understanding system ) TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +email summarisation service TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.16 0.00 +verb acquisition \ TechTool 0.63 0.37 0.00 0.00 +speech system TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.01 0.02 +sluice typing TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.20 0.02 +dialogue act prediction TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.33 0.04 +cooperative question answering TechTool 0.67 0.02 0.30 0.00 +translation problem other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +representation language TechTool 0.79 0.08 0.03 0.10 +large corpora Linguistics 0.17 0.83 0.00 0.00 +similarity measures DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.99 +entity name classification TechTool 0.79 0.14 0.02 0.05 +tractability criterion other 0.27 0.00 0.65 0.08 +random projection DSMMM 0.39 0.06 0.01 0.55 +reestimation algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +interactive query modification TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +oaussian distribution DSMMM 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.40 +scoring TechTool 0.53 0.08 0.30 0.09 +microphone selection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +linear classifier optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +extensive semantic knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.61 0.00 0.39 0.00 +syntactic word class Linguistics 0.03 0.76 0.08 0.13 +japanese processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +uncertain knowledge other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +sail interfacing system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +high-performance speech recognition TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.01 0.31 +facsimile machine TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.08 0.08 +grammar Linguistics 0.20 0.42 0.15 0.23 +query optimisation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.03 +software composition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +documentary database Linguistics 0.42 0.45 0.11 0.02 +maximum point dispersal other 0.09 0.01 0.77 0.13 +phrase structure acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +statistically fitted rule-based model TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.01 0.40 +sld resolution TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +wp identifier TechTool 0.82 0.15 0.03 0.00 +scope prediction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.15 0.04 +tile processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +weight optimization TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +NLP TechTool 0.59 0.10 0.15 0.17 +acceptance testing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.01 +name entity identification TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.03 0.02 +particles Linguistics 0.27 0.48 0.19 0.06 +semantic dependency graph DSMMM 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.84 +relaxation technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +markup framework TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.03 0.00 +human tense annotation agreement other 0.19 0.04 0.74 0.03 +aspect combination TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.44 0.02 +linear threshold DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.91 +structural description other 0.41 0.03 0.51 0.04 +multilingual coreference TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +genonic hmm TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +proper name discrimination TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.09 0.01 +concept-like information TechTool 0.69 0.08 0.22 0.01 +natural language technology TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.15 0.00 +full-text information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +prolog implementation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +subject grouping other 0.05 0.05 0.91 0.00 +text stream preprocessing TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +syntactic valency Linguistics 0.38 0.46 0.13 0.03 +history-based learning TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.10 0.04 +robot planning TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +locative inversion TechTool 0.76 0.18 0.05 0.02 +idiom-based machine translation TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.01 0.03 +classification approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unsupervised document classification TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +underspecified feature structure TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.04 0.15 +contextsensitive spelling correction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +perceptroninspired reranking TechTool 0.61 0.10 0.14 0.15 +gtm f-measure DSMMM 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.92 +database collection Linguistics 0.27 0.46 0.26 0.02 +reader identification TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.13 0.10 +discourse models DSMMM 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.86 +touch typing TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.17 0.07 +corpus-level relation other 0.02 0.21 0.48 0.30 +linguistic expressiveness other 0.05 0.10 0.65 0.20 +wcp extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +semi-automatic dialogue annotation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.08 0.01 +arabic optical character recognition TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.04 0.02 +question classification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +phoenix parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +applicative programming TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +annotation analysis and evaluation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.15 0.04 +nlg evaluation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.10 +try-and-error-based conversion TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.09 0.25 +approximate associative tree matching TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.45 +evaluation architecture TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +nlp component other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +speech recognition problem other 0.13 0.00 0.87 0.00 +alignment-based method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +distributed event simulation TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.45 0.01 +path-based rule TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.01 0.26 +local maxima DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.19 0.47 +speaker-dependent training TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.10 0.04 +French sentence Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.00 0.02 +icc-mail TechTool 0.66 0.32 0.02 0.00 +image-based character search TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.02 0.20 +linguistic environment other 0.32 0.02 0.65 0.00 +cross-language projection DSMMM 0.38 0.02 0.12 0.48 +entity classification TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.04 0.05 +japanese dependency parsing TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +segmentation bakeoff TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.26 0.00 +vector-space system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +term candidate extraction TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.00 0.41 +mt development TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +graph theory DSMMM 0.13 0.04 0.30 0.53 +knowledge representation method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +entropy maximization TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +relation detection task TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.30 0.00 +dialog module TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +written language technology TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +assistance system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +retrieval method TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +character bigram model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +synergistic knowledge discovery TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +digital museum framework TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.00 +nforrnation retrieval system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +unknown-word boundary TechTool 0.83 0.11 0.05 0.01 +distributed calculation TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.24 0.23 +pronominal noun Linguistics 0.04 0.96 0.01 0.00 +bag generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +perceptual processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +syntactically-oriented parsing TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +table lookup mapping other 0.26 0.00 0.50 0.23 +english-chinese bitext Linguistics 0.35 0.58 0.00 0.06 +minimization classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +vector machine learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +regular expression matching TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +automatic word categorization TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +role detector TechTool 0.57 0.08 0.35 0.00 +cross-language information access other 0.30 0.00 0.60 0.09 +lexicalized tree grammar Linguistics 0.11 0.45 0.01 0.43 +intensional concept TechTool 0.55 0.38 0.05 0.02 +maximum entity DSMMM 0.22 0.06 0.02 0.70 +agenda-based chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +probabilistic processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +intellect lexicon Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.01 0.03 +dialogue management mechanism TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +ellipsis resolution mechanism TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +strategy adaptation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +classification-based parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +syntactic constituent Linguistics 0.06 0.77 0.15 0.02 +lexicase parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +parsing table DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +topic scoring TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.08 0.33 +cluster preference DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.09 0.76 +derivation structure other 0.26 0.09 0.64 0.01 +domain information other 0.00 0.01 0.98 0.00 +korean analysis TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.00 +centering-style generation algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +text-to-phoneme conversion TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.01 +letter-to-sound\/soundto-letter generation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +automatic error handling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.01 +true probability distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +discourse-level processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +scope resolution TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +speech datum other 0.13 0.26 0.31 0.29 +qalc question-answering system TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +clustering-based smoothing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +computational literature Linguistics 0.00 0.49 0.49 0.02 +modality other 0.16 0.14 0.55 0.15 +digital video library TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +rhetorical parsing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +tagging research TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.00 +back-quote notation TechTool 0.64 0.03 0.07 0.26 +pp interpretation TechTool 0.87 0.08 0.05 0.01 +head-driven bottom-up generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +parse technique TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +bilingual text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +extraction technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +presupposition resolution TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.00 +transduction model DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.54 +particlehood TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +signal process other 0.01 0.00 0.93 0.07 +grammar specialisation TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.06 0.06 +tts system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexical subcategonzation scheme TechTool 0.53 0.14 0.33 0.00 +sentence Linguistics 0.17 0.51 0.18 0.15 +natural language texts Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.07 0.00 +transfer dictionary Linguistics 0.44 0.54 0.00 0.02 +surface contact other 0.02 0.00 0.93 0.06 +candidate other 0.33 0.21 0.41 0.05 +hierarchy construction algorithm TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.04 +flesch-kincaid measure DSMMM 0.17 0.02 0.12 0.70 +automatic projection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.12 +signal energy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.75 +factual information other 0.02 0.02 0.96 0.00 +stylistic control other 0.13 0.01 0.48 0.38 +mt system evaluation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +noun class generalization TechTool 0.38 0.31 0.01 0.30 +parallel marker-passing scheme TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 +news audio Linguistics 0.01 0.80 0.19 0.00 +knowledge refinement other 0.37 0.00 0.63 0.00 +tree modification DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.04 0.64 +hypernymy other 0.26 0.26 0.31 0.18 +recognition corpus Linguistics 0.06 0.93 0.00 0.00 +automatic book indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +analogical learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +voice transcription TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.28 0.02 +cfg extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +smoothing parameter TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +electronic transfer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +memory-based learner TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +constituent ordering TechTool 0.48 0.03 0.48 0.01 +dictionary building TechTool 0.81 0.16 0.00 0.02 +keyword query expansion TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +functional word Linguistics 0.11 0.76 0.02 0.11 +domain-specific ontology TechTool 0.66 0.30 0.03 0.00 +paragraphs Linguistics 0.28 0.50 0.16 0.05 +cross-partition clustering TechTool 0.84 0.02 0.01 0.13 +cognitive psychology Linguistics 0.07 0.72 0.20 0.01 +file handling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +human-machine interactions other 0.43 0.00 0.57 0.01 +linguistic approach TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.00 0.00 +biography summarization system TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +product development other 0.34 0.00 0.63 0.03 +majority voting TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +verb phrase modification Linguistics 0.35 0.59 0.02 0.04 +ranking system TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +recursive auto-associative memory TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.10 0.03 +syntactic tag TechTool 0.53 0.42 0.04 0.00 +emotional speech analysis TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.34 0.01 +vector comparison TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +monolingual speech Linguistics 0.01 0.60 0.27 0.11 +context-dependent summarization TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.03 0.01 +heterogeneous information other 0.04 0.01 0.95 0.00 +complex-termform recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +context-free paining TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.01 +parsing TechTool 0.73 0.07 0.09 0.10 +syntatic parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +itg probability DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +fluent generation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +meeting transcription TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.26 0.01 +logarithmic search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.10 +ph corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.92 0.00 0.07 +dirichlet allocation TechTool 0.56 0.09 0.05 0.30 +ranking correlation DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.86 +np detection TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +chinese text retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.00 0.02 +linguistic categorization TechTool 0.78 0.20 0.01 0.01 +message retrieval TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +language generation and synthesis TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +theoretical framework TechTool 0.53 0.40 0.07 0.00 +sentence-transduction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +morphological variant other 0.39 0.01 0.61 0.00 +text editing TechTool 0.70 0.03 0.27 0.00 +deduction approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +unihan database TechTool 0.45 0.36 0.16 0.03 +word order other 0.02 0.01 0.88 0.08 +finitc-state analysis TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +model processor TechTool 0.64 0.01 0.00 0.35 +propbank project other 0.19 0.38 0.43 0.00 +language model score DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 +backoff TechTool 0.49 0.11 0.26 0.14 +korean morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.03 0.00 +morphological analysis \ TechTool 0.83 0.17 0.01 0.00 +very-large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.03 0.02 +network architecture TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +grammar rule indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +search space DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.05 0.60 +language processing component TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.01 +emotion modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +automatic abstracting TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +descriptive text understanding TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.01 +feedback model DSMMM 0.28 0.00 0.04 0.68 +entity class DSMMM 0.00 0.29 0.32 0.38 +statistical clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +conditional independence TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.15 +neuroscience TechTool 0.51 0.19 0.12 0.18 +argument classification TechTool 0.85 0.10 0.04 0.00 +fipstag TechTool 0.42 0.40 0.05 0.13 +stem model DSMMM 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.95 +triad structure Linguistics 0.28 0.36 0.17 0.19 +content-oriented metadata TechTool 0.61 0.03 0.35 0.01 +action item detection TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.01 +qualia relation other 0.02 0.01 0.88 0.09 +explicit rejection criterion TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +summarisation system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +unlabeled text Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.16 0.01 +lexical material other 0.01 0.48 0.51 0.00 +weight vector DSMMM 0.38 0.01 0.00 0.61 +key word extraction TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.00 0.01 +information detection TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +technique TechTool 0.32 0.29 0.22 0.17 +two-way translation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +cky generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +pronunciation software TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.37 0.00 +network inferencing TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +metrical tree DSMMM 0.03 0.08 0.02 0.86 +annotation layer TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.02 +human language processing TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +word-choice TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.06 0.05 +verb-subcat frame Linguistics 0.28 0.69 0.01 0.01 +comparable bootstrapping TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +production behavior other 0.25 0.00 0.74 0.02 +sd type ambiguity other 0.27 0.00 0.70 0.03 +vocabulary choice other 0.00 0.01 0.94 0.04 +scalable natural language understanding TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +penn treebank test set Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.16 0.01 +delta function DSMMM 0.30 0.10 0.14 0.46 +concept learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +unknown word translation Linguistics 0.38 0.55 0.06 0.01 +high-performance question classification TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.01 0.29 +sub-story identification TechTool 0.74 0.01 0.24 0.00 +list indicator Linguistics 0.01 0.68 0.08 0.23 +tf-idf weighting TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +quantifier scope DSMMM 0.05 0.39 0.10 0.47 +translation model reestimation TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +context-driven disambiguafion TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +categorisafion TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +french Linguistics 0.09 0.75 0.09 0.08 +word-based classification TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.00 0.07 +language processing method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +pie parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +at&t communicator TechTool 0.51 0.43 0.06 0.00 +pretonic segment other 0.38 0.09 0.45 0.08 +lexicographic abstraction TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +statistical po tagger TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +nr-reading TechTool 0.86 0.05 0.06 0.03 +sequence union Linguistics 0.08 0.53 0.39 0.00 +speech signal processing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.04 +grammar induction approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +model-based segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +evaluation data DSMMM 0.00 0.14 0.02 0.84 +dialog ellipsis TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.31 0.00 +repair meta-communication TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +automatic measurement TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +affixal morphology Linguistics 0.01 0.84 0.14 0.01 +web consortium other 0.00 0.26 0.72 0.01 +japanese grapheme-phoneme TechTool 0.70 0.20 0.08 0.02 +order restoration TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.44 0.00 +predicate-argument recognition TechTool 0.75 0.23 0.01 0.00 +belief model DSMMM 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.90 +finite-closure hypothesis TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.45 0.01 +source dependency parse Linguistics 0.28 0.62 0.03 0.08 +applied linguistics DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.30 0.58 +functional programming TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +symbolic translation TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.02 0.01 +meaning analysis TechTool 0.89 0.08 0.03 0.00 +conventional lookup TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +indexing\/knowledge base building TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +information access TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.02 +index term weighting DSMMM 0.46 0.00 0.00 0.53 +segmentationand recognition TechTool 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.07 +snr-dependent cepstral normalization TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.25 +noun phrase identification TechTool 0.75 0.24 0.00 0.01 +bayesian modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +text collection Linguistics 0.04 0.65 0.31 0.00 +antecedent-likelihood theory other 0.22 0.29 0.31 0.18 +polynomial time ccg TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +computational biology Linguistics 0.13 0.57 0.27 0.04 +marker insertion TechTool 0.88 0.11 0.02 0.00 +inter-language distance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.82 +automated style analysis TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +sentence similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +post-order linearization TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.01 +personal pronouns Linguistics 0.00 0.54 0.46 0.00 +vector space modeling TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +entropy parameter estimation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +text-generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +q Linguistics 0.18 0.44 0.31 0.07 +orthographic case information other 0.04 0.00 0.93 0.03 +np-topicalization Linguistics 0.25 0.69 0.05 0.02 +cluster-based language model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.91 +corpus tagging Linguistics 0.21 0.78 0.00 0.00 +exhaustive classification TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +clustering technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +xp chunk TechTool 0.78 0.12 0.06 0.04 +cue detection detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic generalization TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.07 0.23 +automatic alignments TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.02 0.01 +xrs transducer TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.01 0.09 +definate noun phrases Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +character sequence other 0.13 0.04 0.81 0.01 +government binding Linguistics 0.05 0.68 0.27 0.00 +tile interpretation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.12 0.02 +candidate translation TechTool 0.63 0.27 0.05 0.06 +inflectional information other 0.01 0.05 0.93 0.00 +language variation other 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.45 +co-occurrence frequency estimation DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.01 0.52 +lexicalized parser TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +gender identification TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +generation architecture TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +flexp TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +automatic collocation extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +retrieval process TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +language understanding and reasoning TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.01 +queryrelevance TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +sgt blackwell TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.07 0.03 +definite determination TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +ontology maintenance TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.03 +cubic kernel TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +string-tree correspondence grammar TechTool 0.50 0.14 0.02 0.33 +parallel parsing method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information characterization other 0.09 0.00 0.90 0.01 +sentence level alignment DSMMM 0.31 0.00 0.04 0.66 +feature-rich decision-tree TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.05 +news story text Linguistics 0.00 0.72 0.28 0.00 +speaker-independent chinese dictation system TechTool 0.88 0.09 0.02 0.01 +unknown sense detection TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +syntax-based decoder TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +human-human spoken dialogue Linguistics 0.22 0.55 0.22 0.00 +lexical category Linguistics 0.02 0.58 0.40 0.00 +sentence classifier TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.11 +intrasentential coreference TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +japanese analysis TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +computational framework TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.01 +subject raising other 0.02 0.30 0.67 0.00 +inter-human agreement DSMMM 0.07 0.08 0.12 0.73 +on-policy monte carlo TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.06 +encyclopedia britannica Linguistics 0.28 0.69 0.02 0.01 +inter-subject correlation DSMMM 0.06 0.08 0.24 0.62 +sense learning TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.00 +word-lattice search TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +sparseness problem other 0.01 0.00 0.98 0.01 +multilingual text authoring TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.12 0.00 +bio-ner TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +relation resolution TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +causal verification TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +self correction TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +iterative feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +discriminative classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +query translation device TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.14 0.10 +computerized dictionary Linguistics 0.02 0.96 0.01 0.00 +null clustering TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +named entity recognition TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +srl classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +taxonomic activity other 0.17 0.03 0.49 0.30 +suffix array-based datum structure DSMMM 0.32 0.07 0.05 0.57 +bleu score DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +computation overhead DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.04 0.86 +extraction algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +topic analysis TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.25 0.01 +output generation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +non-extractive summarization TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.01 +context models DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.78 +question answer test DSMMM 0.02 0.14 0.30 0.54 +word order variation other 0.02 0.00 0.68 0.29 +lcfrs\/mcfg TechTool 0.83 0.06 0.09 0.02 +german syntactic generation TechTool 0.82 0.17 0.01 0.00 +baseline clustering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +on-line problem detection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +word category information other 0.01 0.21 0.73 0.06 +non-english ( Arabic ) stemmer TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.00 +nugget-based scoring TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.18 +linear categorial deduction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +parallel translation generation TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.03 0.00 +phrase chunking TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 +deduction structure TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +mer training TechTool 0.72 0.21 0.05 0.01 +verb class discovery TechTool 0.80 0.18 0.02 0.00 +discourse level analysis other 0.44 0.01 0.52 0.03 +compression ratio DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.04 0.82 +multi-step matching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +topic identification task other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +cfg chart TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +propositional learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +wavesurfer TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +domain-specific text processing TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.00 +components analysis TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.14 0.00 +domain-independent topic segmentation TechTool 0.76 0.19 0.04 0.00 +benchmark test material Linguistics 0.05 0.89 0.06 0.01 +negotiation dialogue other 0.06 0.16 0.78 0.00 +sentence-level restructuring TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.01 0.33 +froff TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +parsing task TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.00 +ditransitive verb phrase Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.01 +grammatical function Linguistics 0.05 0.73 0.18 0.03 +composition rule TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +frequency adverbial DSMMM 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.59 +ranking TechTool 0.45 0.16 0.32 0.07 +lexicalist prediction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +dictionary entry Linguistics 0.20 0.79 0.00 0.01 +re dataset other 0.07 0.44 0.45 0.04 +human communication need other 0.04 0.00 0.94 0.01 +conjunction Linguistics 0.04 0.45 0.28 0.24 +ccmplling TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +statistical learn model ( slm ) TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.11 +semantic form extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +error reduction DSMMM 0.39 0.00 0.06 0.55 +blind evaluation TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.02 0.21 +automatic annotation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +meta-learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +graphalignment TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +classification performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +su detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +nn compound Linguistics 0.25 0.72 0.00 0.03 +senseval-3 Chinese lexical sample task other 0.01 0.04 0.95 0.00 +grammar transformation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +document translation TechTool 0.48 0.45 0.05 0.01 +parse ranking TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.03 0.27 +quality monitoring DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.97 +specificity measuring TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.43 +discourse tagging TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.06 0.00 +parser output TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.33 0.02 +phrase aligner TechTool 0.86 0.09 0.00 0.05 +combinatorial optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +td parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +agglomerative clustering TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +parsing algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +domain-specific summarization TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.03 0.00 +search\/optimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +automatic analytical function assignment TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +finite-state structure TechTool 0.68 0.13 0.18 0.01 +annotation schema TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +annotation scheme TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +similarity assessment DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.92 +generalisation TechTool 0.36 0.22 0.17 0.25 +pdp-8 machine language TechTool 0.52 0.33 0.12 0.03 +pronunciation dictionary Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.05 0.00 +plink selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +rule representation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +tree selection phase TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.15 0.19 +constraint grammar formalism TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +trec-7 other 0.18 0.06 0.43 0.33 +inter-cluster distance DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.19 0.81 +string match and recency DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.34 0.53 +template structure TechTool 0.76 0.05 0.03 0.16 +management of uncertainty TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.01 +pronou n resolution TechTool 0.71 0.21 0.07 0.00 +speech representation TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.04 0.40 +data encryption TechTool 0.34 0.10 0.33 0.24 +edit distance extraction TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +text-based emotion TechTool 0.77 0.03 0.15 0.06 +semantic chunk segmentation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +phrase structure analysis TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.03 +cluster other 0.26 0.27 0.34 0.13 +data capture DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.55 +path finding TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.10 0.16 +nlp community other 0.01 0.26 0.73 0.00 +unsupervised classi cation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +language quantifier Linguistics 0.04 0.57 0.00 0.39 +automated essay grading TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.10 0.00 +large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition technology TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.00 +web search engine TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +positive weight winnow DSMMM 0.46 0.02 0.00 0.52 +markup Linguistics 0.19 0.39 0.17 0.25 +stockholm-umeps corpus Linguistics 0.05 0.92 0.00 0.03 +prosodic information control other 0.12 0.00 0.83 0.05 +chinese treebank annotation Linguistics 0.15 0.83 0.02 0.01 +chunking-based dependency analysis TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +character tagging TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +monte carlo approximation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.07 0.05 +human-human conversation other 0.09 0.20 0.69 0.02 +topic variation other 0.00 0.01 0.71 0.29 +dynamic interpretation theory TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.01 +disambiguation procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +deduction method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +mixed-initiative system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +bandpass filter TechTool 0.52 0.07 0.19 0.22 +relative clause attachment TechTool 0.81 0.11 0.06 0.02 +hebrew text Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.04 0.00 +syntactic rules TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.18 0.03 +nonmonotonic operation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.19 0.00 +log-linear models TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +syntactic decomposition TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.05 0.07 +blog classification TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.02 0.00 +acquisition technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +hpsg grammar framework TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.01 0.00 +viterbi optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +prop-bank\/treebank Linguistics 0.33 0.62 0.00 0.04 +answer credibility DSMMM 0.00 0.04 0.44 0.52 +definite clause grammars TechTool 0.86 0.13 0.01 0.00 +recursive kernel TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +context pattern induction TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.20 0.02 +incremental parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +running time DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.34 0.63 +phrasal prominence DSMMM 0.23 0.19 0.27 0.31 +nlp technology TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +word transposition Linguistics 0.19 0.60 0.12 0.09 +measuring TechTool 0.64 0.07 0.23 0.06 +morphological disambiguation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +bootstrapping morphological analyzers TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.00 +meeting scheduling TechTool 0.70 0.02 0.28 0.00 +scientific knowledge other 0.01 0.21 0.79 0.00 +right-node raising TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.28 0.12 +constraint unification systern TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +frame representation language TechTool 0.65 0.32 0.01 0.02 +contextual analysis TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +wordsense TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +node structure DSMMM 0.08 0.29 0.10 0.54 +10-fold cross-validation TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.05 0.01 +lexical chain other 0.28 0.16 0.56 0.00 +genitive phrase Linguistics 0.19 0.81 0.00 0.01 +named entity annotations Linguistics 0.13 0.78 0.08 0.01 +machine translation project TechTool 0.63 0.02 0.35 0.00 +tiered tagging TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.04 0.01 +hierarchical information visualization TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.01 +lexicalised feature encoding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.09 0.02 +subject ellipsis other 0.02 0.37 0.62 0.00 +decode TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +stem acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +class-based word alignment TechTool 0.84 0.05 0.01 0.10 +word structure Linguistics 0.03 0.56 0.04 0.37 +automatic anaphora resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +maximum likelihood estimator DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.65 +anaphor resolution TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +proof reduction TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.01 +dictionary-based word-segmentation TechTool 0.89 0.08 0.00 0.03 +web-mining TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.02 +conceptual association strategy TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.01 0.15 +statistical ambiguity TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.41 0.01 +motion-capture implementation other 0.31 0.00 0.62 0.08 +geographic name disambiguation TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.03 0.00 +word boundaries Linguistics 0.05 0.68 0.26 0.00 +named-entity recognition and classification TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.03 0.00 +cascaded disambiguation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +absolute discounting method TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.33 +baum-welch training TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +dfa minimization TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +word pair Linguistics 0.19 0.66 0.04 0.11 +language processing architecture TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +answer collection other 0.01 0.37 0.37 0.26 +clause structure TechTool 0.41 0.19 0.32 0.08 +chart-like parse TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.01 0.03 +character writing TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +modal verb Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.00 +hyper-linking TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.02 0.11 +weight search TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +signal amplification other 0.24 0.00 0.55 0.21 +language discourse Linguistics 0.01 0.57 0.42 0.01 +german syntax Linguistics 0.03 0.89 0.08 0.00 +unambiguous representation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.05 0.13 +translations other 0.06 0.32 0.56 0.06 +axiom extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +sound-letter generation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +broadcast news transcription Linguistics 0.15 0.74 0.11 0.00 +heuristic search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.09 +wsi TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.07 0.12 +map estimation TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.44 +feature encoding TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.05 0.06 +processing methodology TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +reltypes TechTool 0.67 0.11 0.10 0.11 +phonemic baseform TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.26 0.07 +n-gram backoff TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.01 0.44 +seeded clustering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +disjunctive feature structures TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.04 0.06 +word suffix tree DSMMM 0.01 0.46 0.01 0.52 +time-waiping function DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.13 0.52 +englishprime word alignment TechTool 0.54 0.37 0.01 0.09 +french parser Linguistics 0.38 0.62 0.00 0.00 +text-based language processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +questionanswering TechTool 0.42 0.40 0.05 0.13 +nominal prefix Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.03 0.00 +call-center question database TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.05 +knowledge acquisition component TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.46 0.00 +english-chinese transliteration Linguistics 0.42 0.54 0.01 0.03 +f-score DSMMM 0.01 0.09 0.00 0.90 +compound recognition TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +ibm modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +iterative extraction TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexical mapping other 0.45 0.00 0.55 0.00 +simultaneous segmentation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +template-filling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +resolution technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +unrestricted newspaper text Linguistics 0.02 0.91 0.07 0.00 +support vector classifier TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sentence-structure DSMMM 0.41 0.11 0.01 0.47 +unified distance matrix DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.90 +high-accuracy word-level alignment model DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.94 +natural language ambiguity other 0.16 0.00 0.84 0.00 +parsing flexibilities TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.33 0.10 +tree learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.04 0.12 +phrase-based translation approach TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.01 0.05 +blank space other 0.03 0.00 0.83 0.14 +pronotm resolution TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +query-formulation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.08 +language generation \ TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +call routing TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.49 +mt system development TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +nonlinear planning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +product rating DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.14 0.73 +cubic time DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.32 0.65 +binary phrase structure TechTool 0.70 0.16 0.02 0.11 +wrapper TechTool 0.59 0.14 0.14 0.13 +correlation clustering DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +unification-based constituent analyzer TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +semantic relations other 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.03 +chinese named-entity Linguistics 0.17 0.76 0.01 0.06 +parallel sentence selection TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +icsi meeting corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.91 0.08 0.00 +in-situ quantification Linguistics 0.21 0.65 0.06 0.08 +linear-threshold function DSMMM 0.45 0.00 0.02 0.52 +cascaded transducer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +nominal compound Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.01 0.01 +predicate logic TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +bidirectional dependency network TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.01 0.38 +korean compound noun Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +sentence text generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +recognition systems TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +complex term DSMMM 0.30 0.13 0.06 0.50 +adjoining grammar parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +scheme comparison TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +domain ontology extraction TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.01 +csr TechTool 0.69 0.09 0.12 0.09 +word alignment tool TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.00 +automatic dialog modeling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +default reasoning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +non-constituent conjunction other 0.09 0.39 0.49 0.02 +corpora collection Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +phonemic transcription TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.25 0.05 +limited domain semantics TechTool 0.78 0.11 0.11 0.01 +markov model speech recognition TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +bilingual language modeling TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.01 0.05 +idiomatic structure Linguistics 0.10 0.80 0.03 0.07 +k-means TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.01 +semantic integration TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.01 +pp-attachment ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +tural language processing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.07 0.01 +retrieval TechTool 0.61 0.09 0.20 0.11 +parameter estimation and inference TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +term translation mining TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.03 0.19 +abstract move other 0.02 0.03 0.87 0.09 +java speech api TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.01 +statistical Mt architecture TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +interlingual representation TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.01 0.11 +multi-modal communication TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.14 0.00 +generation system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pearl parser TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +example-based decoding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +paragraph selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +automatic terminology acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +lexical tuning TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.20 0.00 +monte carlo integration TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +interannotator agreement DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.12 0.87 +category unification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +glc parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +noun phrase analysis TechTool 0.56 0.41 0.00 0.02 +multi-stage parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +reference word string Linguistics 0.08 0.63 0.24 0.05 +error-reduction learning TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +hindi decipherment Linguistics 0.32 0.63 0.05 0.00 +semantic ambiguity other 0.12 0.00 0.85 0.03 +syntactic semantic treebank Linguistics 0.20 0.73 0.05 0.02 +adjacency pair information other 0.09 0.02 0.83 0.07 +text-based emotion prediction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.04 0.05 +cross-database retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +simulation technique TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +user initiative TechTool 0.51 0.25 0.07 0.16 +subgraph isomorphism testing TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.05 0.05 +bilingual parse Linguistics 0.40 0.53 0.01 0.06 +resource building TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +n-bin classification TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.01 +phonological acquisition TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +qlf construction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +word-breaking TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.03 0.04 +noun phrase resolution Linguistics 0.34 0.65 0.00 0.01 +terminals TechTool 0.40 0.16 0.15 0.29 +query-assertion TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.04 0.06 +out-of-domain corpus Linguistics 0.16 0.79 0.00 0.05 +logic formulae TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.00 +iterative dynamicprogramming TechTool 0.62 0.14 0.11 0.12 +deep parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +goal expansion TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.34 0.00 +morphoclassification TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +sentence condensation TechTool 0.52 0.07 0.04 0.37 +tile annotation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.00 +tagging-like metadata detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +probability distributions DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.99 +information science other 0.03 0.07 0.89 0.01 +lexical-functional grammars TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.02 0.00 +detransformed maximum likelihood DSMMM 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.94 +digital learning TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +cooperative model TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.01 0.46 +propbank corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +mbsl scoring TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +conditional probabilities DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.97 +broad-coverage parser TechTool 0.85 0.13 0.01 0.02 +dp-based monotone search TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +feature information other 0.21 0.00 0.78 0.01 +recursive trie traversal TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.15 0.18 +grammar factorization TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.01 0.12 +dialogic interaction other 0.40 0.00 0.60 0.00 +semantic distance calculation DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.13 0.81 +aggregation rule TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +rule-based anaphora resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +corpus-based knowledge acquisition TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.00 +seed formation and germination other 0.38 0.03 0.59 0.00 +interactive natural language system TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +advertisement management software TechTool 0.85 0.14 0.01 0.00 +wordnet project Linguistics 0.06 0.78 0.16 0.00 +tree format DSMMM 0.35 0.00 0.06 0.59 +direction finding TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +foreign word Linguistics 0.00 0.87 0.11 0.01 +locality preserving projections DSMMM 0.20 0.02 0.04 0.75 +german thesaurus Linguistics 0.01 0.99 0.00 0.00 +sense-disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.01 0.00 +word-indexing TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +event identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +verb diathesis Linguistics 0.01 0.68 0.31 0.00 +instance generation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +tiger treebank Linguistics 0.08 0.87 0.04 0.01 +augmented phrase structure TechTool 0.85 0.03 0.00 0.12 +keyword association TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.25 +role assignment TechTool 0.55 0.00 0.45 0.00 +kl divergence DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.90 +data detection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +probabilistic decision-tree TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +rule formalism TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +information gathering translation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +dependency transducing TechTool 0.62 0.07 0.02 0.29 +active chart parser TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +sysconj system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +phrase-based decoder TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +finite-state translation TechTool 0.82 0.07 0.11 0.00 +relation other 0.10 0.16 0.54 0.20 +multipurpose information other 0.02 0.01 0.96 0.02 +evidence combiner TechTool 0.84 0.09 0.06 0.00 +entity oriented parsing TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.20 0.02 +backtracking TechTool 0.74 0.05 0.17 0.04 +constituent order other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +a classifier-based parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +morpho-syntactic feature TechTool 0.79 0.03 0.11 0.08 +incomplete inference TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +binary comparison TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +typed feature structures TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.11 0.12 +rosana occurrence identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +agreement rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +recognition error rate DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.96 +best-of-breed paraphrasing TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.00 0.01 +german text corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.00 +part-ofspeech other 0.40 0.02 0.58 0.00 +augmented transition net TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.04 +stratified sampling TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +dynamic programnting TechTool 0.57 0.22 0.12 0.10 +active chart parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +information content other 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.01 +sentence punctuation other 0.26 0.16 0.51 0.08 +tile discourse context other 0.15 0.12 0.72 0.00 +flat panel display other 0.28 0.01 0.43 0.28 +sentence realization component other 0.42 0.00 0.48 0.09 +dictionary definitions Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.01 0.03 +beam search algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +dependency transduction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +domain-independent summarization TechTool 0.79 0.19 0.01 0.00 +boolean constraint satisfaction TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.01 0.23 +robust sign detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +paper-based documentation TechTool 0.71 0.05 0.23 0.01 +word-clustering TechTool 0.83 0.06 0.00 0.10 +nondeterministic top-down backtracking parsing method TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.04 +semantic and pragmatic other 0.38 0.01 0.58 0.03 +maxent TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +linear discriminant TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +lecture segmentation TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.10 0.00 +pitch accent type DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.19 0.73 +regression tree DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.00 0.65 +speech model integration TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +natural-language database TechTool 0.78 0.16 0.05 0.00 +tagger implementation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lazy copying unification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +nist evaluation metric DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.87 +word category Linguistics 0.01 0.61 0.08 0.30 +multiplication rules TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.07 0.14 +recall enhancing DSMMM 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.87 +tex ~ representation TechTool 0.57 0.21 0.20 0.02 +case assignment TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.09 0.05 +stochastic context-free grammar TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.01 +chinese text categorization TechTool 0.55 0.42 0.02 0.00 +restrictive parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +csr corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.00 0.02 +novice user other 0.21 0.01 0.77 0.01 +interpolation estimation TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +spelling-correction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +string-alignment TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.00 0.02 +lexicalized statistical parsing model TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.49 +non-linear parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +context clustering TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +inference technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +approximate matching TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +entailment acquisition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.02 +medical dictation Linguistics 0.07 0.83 0.10 0.00 +noisy speech other 0.14 0.03 0.70 0.13 +incremental inference TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +ebmt software TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +noun chunking TechTool 0.51 0.49 0.00 0.00 +interaction cycle other 0.32 0.00 0.67 0.01 +orthographical mapping TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.01 +partial traceback TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.12 0.01 +index lookup TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +f-structure annotation TechTool 0.76 0.13 0.01 0.09 +semi-automatic bracketer TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +style clustering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +ideographic translation TechTool 0.59 0.35 0.05 0.02 +gesture-speech alignment TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.13 0.01 +note taking DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.42 0.54 +dictionary broadcasting Linguistics 0.07 0.92 0.01 0.00 +kanji-kana character TechTool 0.61 0.33 0.03 0.02 +dialogue annotation TechTool 0.80 0.04 0.16 0.01 +regex method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +ldd recovery TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +misclassification error DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.10 0.65 +name entity extraction TechTool 0.86 0.07 0.01 0.06 +automatic chunking TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +framenet frame Linguistics 0.28 0.67 0.06 0.00 +microphone adaptation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +word error rates DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.97 +wall street journal corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.00 0.03 +text documents Linguistics 0.00 0.75 0.24 0.00 +n-best feature inclusion TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.16 0.02 +post-ocr error correction TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.14 0.11 +tagger training TechTool 0.97 0.03 0.00 0.00 +question handling TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +bia TechTool 0.62 0.14 0.12 0.12 +dialogue planning TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +discourse proposition Linguistics 0.00 0.58 0.42 0.00 +paraphrase scheme TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.03 0.03 +training example TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +automatic training TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +inflected form Linguistics 0.03 0.50 0.45 0.02 +cognitive TechTool 0.71 0.13 0.11 0.06 +similarity measure DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +inter-lingual translation TechTool 0.74 0.14 0.01 0.11 +database query paraphrase TechTool 0.63 0.12 0.14 0.11 +translator productivity DSMMM 0.01 0.01 0.48 0.51 +ne task other 0.07 0.00 0.87 0.06 +key-to-key scoring TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +conceptual structure DSMMM 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.63 +graph pruning TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.42 +answer fusion TechTool 0.45 0.00 0.15 0.40 +context modification TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.36 0.01 +syntax tree DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.14 0.83 +linear extrapolation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +accent restoration TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.05 0.03 +content identification TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +text extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +shallow processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +pronouncer TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +synset Linguistics 0.26 0.36 0.25 0.13 +information extraction and segmentation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +part-of-speech tag sequences Linguistics 0.36 0.56 0.07 0.00 +tile agenda TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.33 0.00 +symbol acquisition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +subsumption architecture TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +treebank ii corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.09 0.02 +feature comparison TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +japanese parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +lexicai head other 0.00 0.23 0.65 0.11 +cepstral domain other 0.03 0.00 0.54 0.42 +madcow ( multi-site atis datum collection work group ) other 0.42 0.05 0.53 0.00 +drosophila TechTool 0.41 0.24 0.17 0.18 +pronunciation Linguistics 0.09 0.52 0.35 0.04 +logix environment other 0.37 0.00 0.62 0.00 +nlp-based indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +subject-dependent co-occurrence neighborhood DSMMM 0.28 0.11 0.24 0.37 +xml format TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +taskoriented spoken dialogue processing TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.00 +environment protection TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.47 0.00 +palatalization TechTool 0.49 0.08 0.34 0.09 +dynamic programming TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +schwa alternation other 0.20 0.02 0.78 0.00 +isotonic regression TechTool 0.44 0.17 0.33 0.06 +english translation Linguistics 0.32 0.64 0.03 0.01 +speech translation model DSMMM 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.92 +weak learning algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +multilingual extraction research TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +hard constraint relaxation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.01 +cross-lingual question answering TechTool 0.64 0.15 0.15 0.05 +human conceptualization other 0.19 0.02 0.78 0.01 +generalize metaphor other 0.02 0.27 0.61 0.10 +gopubmed term extraction TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +task manager TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +lexicon enhancement Linguistics 0.09 0.84 0.05 0.02 +semantic role analysis TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.29 0.00 +broadcast news type Linguistics 0.01 0.68 0.31 0.00 +unit agreement ratio DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.84 +answer detection TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.01 0.21 +pos-annotation TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.00 +classification-based nlp TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +pruning strategy TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +programming approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +event focusing other 0.06 0.09 0.78 0.06 +cd-rom TechTool 0.78 0.16 0.02 0.04 +syntax model DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.94 +bilingual alignment TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.00 0.02 +right-branching structure TechTool 0.41 0.01 0.25 0.32 +parse time DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.52 +hypothesis verification and selection TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.20 0.03 +term-recognition system TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.00 0.05 +function word Linguistics 0.01 0.83 0.08 0.07 +ete database TechTool 0.45 0.37 0.17 0.01 +best-first search algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +rule-based training TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +interface environment TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.42 0.00 +preference learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +tdt-inspired language modeling TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +decomposition TechTool 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.25 +parsing module TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.01 +co-articulation TechTool 0.47 0.07 0.45 0.01 +name anaphora Linguistics 0.25 0.73 0.02 0.00 +tree traversal DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.08 0.78 +englith-to-japanese translation TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.01 +thai key prediction TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.03 0.01 +sumnlarization ftmction TechTool 0.62 0.13 0.13 0.12 +statistical approaches TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +morpheme ordering TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.14 0.01 +resource management ( rm ) corpus Linguistics 0.19 0.80 0.00 0.00 +feedback learning TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +dialogue act detection TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +ontology building TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +back-tracking TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.03 0.23 +semantic type\/sort other 0.14 0.02 0.78 0.06 +mulfinomial distribution DSMMM 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.40 +boolean filter TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.06 +co-occurrence frequency DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.06 0.90 +structured information other 0.05 0.00 0.95 0.00 +lexical accommodation other 0.24 0.02 0.74 0.00 +grammatical categories Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.10 0.01 +add-k smoothing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +tree augmentation DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.12 0.69 +feature type selection TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +training data corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.06 +probabilistic grammar TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.00 0.13 +non-metrical scaling TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.30 0.13 +unlabeled corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.93 0.00 0.07 +feature selection scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +transportable english-language interface TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.02 +non-terminal frontier node DSMMM 0.02 0.09 0.18 0.71 +dynamic programming method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +data sparseness DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.75 +defeat rules TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.09 0.05 +automatic method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +polarity sensitivity other 0.04 0.08 0.45 0.42 +grammar coverage problem other 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.09 +prosodic information other 0.05 0.00 0.94 0.01 +sentence tagging TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.01 0.09 +part-of-speech tagging task TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +text-dependent speaker identification TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +rule translation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +ltag parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +korean news Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.00 +answer sentence identification TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.07 0.23 +tides processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +unification categorial grammar ( ucg ) TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +morphological parser TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +translation candidate collection Linguistics 0.11 0.52 0.26 0.11 +discourse generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +position-free unknown morpheme handling TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.32 0.00 +word vector TechTool 0.46 0.16 0.00 0.38 +contextual elimination TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +unknown morpheme handling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +abstract ontology Linguistics 0.05 0.77 0.14 0.04 +data generation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +temporal logic TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +local cohesion TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.13 0.27 +semantic web Linguistics 0.08 0.54 0.18 0.20 +target language generation TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.04 0.01 +k-nearest-neighbor TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +semiring-weighted deduction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.07 +neural network TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +feature unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +computer research other 0.27 0.08 0.65 0.00 +Non Verbal and Multimodal Communication other 0.03 0.00 0.97 0.00 +decision tree building TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +verb modifier Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +recognising textual entailment other 0.31 0.00 0.59 0.09 +back-off translation DSMMM 0.48 0.01 0.00 0.51 +free-style sentence translation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.12 0.02 +language processing technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +search\/learning TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +single word clustering TechTool 0.60 0.40 0.00 0.00 +nooverlapping clustering TechTool 0.51 0.20 0.14 0.15 +plural reading TechTool 0.67 0.12 0.20 0.01 +chinese language lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.90 0.01 0.09 +argument extraction TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.00 +vocabulary extraction TechTool 0.52 0.25 0.01 0.23 +summarising system TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +transitivity other 0.15 0.31 0.42 0.12 +systemic linguistics Linguistics 0.01 0.81 0.03 0.14 +terminological help other 0.07 0.00 0.75 0.17 +free text processing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +data-classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.03 +learning-based coreference TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +glass box TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.19 0.00 +recognition score DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +hpsg parser TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +system learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +output quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.79 +compound word identification TechTool 0.82 0.16 0.01 0.01 +prefix trie DSMMM 0.27 0.18 0.06 0.48 +non-pronominal noun Linguistics 0.16 0.71 0.12 0.02 +concurrent uni cation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +classification task TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +dag DSMMM 0.25 0.17 0.16 0.43 +rapid speaker adaptation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +machine interpretation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.05 +semidirectional lambek grammar TechTool 0.80 0.16 0.02 0.02 +word capitalization Linguistics 0.07 0.85 0.05 0.02 +word lattices Linguistics 0.09 0.62 0.07 0.21 +probability category DSMMM 0.00 0.19 0.01 0.81 +natural language front-end other 0.27 0.05 0.64 0.03 +audio feature extraction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.04 +human annotate text Linguistics 0.01 0.58 0.41 0.00 +low-dimensional feature space DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.03 0.87 +discourse phenomenon other 0.00 0.30 0.70 0.01 +definition language Linguistics 0.29 0.32 0.14 0.25 +festival speech synthesis TechTool 0.65 0.01 0.34 0.01 +phonetic ambiguity other 0.10 0.00 0.85 0.05 +lfg TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.07 0.06 +belief propogation TechTool 0.56 0.10 0.23 0.10 +rule-based fragment interpreter TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +connectionist representation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +term-based document representation DSMMM 0.46 0.02 0.01 0.51 +constituent parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +multisequence alignment algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +dictionary definition matching TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.15 +me chunking TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.00 +maximum similarity DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.96 +entropy calculation DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.56 +similarity threshold DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.99 +acyclic finite state automata TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.27 0.00 +finite state parsing TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +inference method TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +factor analysis other 0.42 0.00 0.54 0.04 +attribute-value pairs DSMMM 0.23 0.34 0.00 0.43 +language generation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +context dependency other 0.31 0.01 0.56 0.12 +human annotated frame element Linguistics 0.18 0.70 0.12 0.00 +scenario analysis TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.01 +real-time grammar processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +textto-speech system TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.02 0.03 +test data set Linguistics 0.00 0.74 0.09 0.17 +correlation matrix DSMMM 0.15 0.00 0.02 0.84 +gaussian environment classifier TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +text segmentation and compression TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.19 0.00 +decidable calculus TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.01 +local classification model DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.00 0.53 +grammar specialization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.03 0.05 +statistical natural language TechTool 0.63 0.35 0.02 0.00 +foreign language proficiency other 0.02 0.27 0.58 0.14 +visual programming TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.39 0.01 +diphone coverage DSMMM 0.00 0.22 0.01 0.76 +shallow-parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +negra TechTool 0.64 0.10 0.14 0.11 +multi-party dialogue Linguistics 0.34 0.46 0.20 0.00 +phrase-marker TechTool 0.54 0.44 0.00 0.02 +left-to-right beam search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.08 0.03 +pspl lattice DSMMM 0.21 0.02 0.04 0.73 +multi-word candidate TechTool 0.66 0.31 0.03 0.00 +dictionary modification TechTool 0.55 0.39 0.03 0.03 +binary relation other 0.41 0.00 0.58 0.01 +soft clustering algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +term indexing system TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.17 +summary alignment TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.01 0.12 +auto task completion TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.01 +transfer phase TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.32 0.05 +terminological database Linguistics 0.43 0.44 0.10 0.02 +biomedical text mining TechTool 0.73 0.08 0.19 0.00 +headed string TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.08 0.01 +kakari-uke analysis TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.05 0.04 +english\/japanese transliteration Linguistics 0.30 0.65 0.03 0.02 +model creation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +voting- and arbiter-based combination strategy TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +hownet construction TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.04 0.00 +class-based approach TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +stable ' formalization other 0.33 0.09 0.57 0.01 +thematic role information other 0.01 0.20 0.80 0.00 +gb theory Linguistics 0.14 0.57 0.28 0.01 +local context analysis TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +word senses Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +miscue detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +syntactic parsing re-ranking TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.04 +content determination TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.17 0.01 +sense-tagging TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.01 0.00 +time-honored learning TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.11 0.04 +grammar leaning TechTool 0.56 0.05 0.13 0.26 +anonymous ftp other 0.13 0.01 0.86 0.00 +prefix substring Linguistics 0.14 0.76 0.09 0.01 +assembly code TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.01 +comprehensibility other 0.08 0.11 0.58 0.23 +audiovisual content analysis TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.01 +pen-based gesture TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.26 0.01 +co-training algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.00 +spoken dialogue processing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +text Linguistics 0.10 0.47 0.36 0.07 +natural-language expression DSMMM 0.32 0.07 0.22 0.38 +spanish language Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.02 0.01 +cross-validation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.01 +diagram summarization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +training criterion TechTool 0.74 0.04 0.14 0.09 +definite grammar scheme TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +ntimit database collection other 0.31 0.31 0.36 0.02 +communication verb other 0.02 0.35 0.63 0.00 +prolog program TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +assignment probability DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.97 +guessing-rule induction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +prototype system TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +protocol analysis TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +beam Linguistics 0.19 0.41 0.23 0.16 +computational modeling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.05 +pronunciation classification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +hypernym extraction TechTool 0.86 0.10 0.00 0.04 +translation lexicon acquisition TechTool 0.80 0.18 0.01 0.00 +model construction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +hpsg grammar TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.01 0.01 +large-margin training technique TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +morphological disambiguation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +subject-verb relationship other 0.01 0.42 0.56 0.01 +shallow feature generation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +speech recognition agent TechTool 0.92 0.06 0.01 0.00 +break index coding TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +chinese human name recognition TechTool 0.70 0.26 0.03 0.02 +morphological structure other 0.14 0.38 0.48 0.01 +multi-lingual translation TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00 +accent prediction TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +definition matching TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +generic dialogue management TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +metropolis acceptancerejection TechTool 0.68 0.10 0.08 0.14 +meaning-representation language TechTool 0.58 0.40 0.01 0.02 +global visualization TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +document summarisation\/presentation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.27 0.00 +continuous recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +morpheme discovery TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +charniak parser TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +probabilistic agenda-based chart parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +five-fold validation TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.02 0.00 +syntactic coding TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +annealing optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +question-answer matching TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.09 0.12 +image segmentation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +pic training Linguistics 0.44 0.49 0.04 0.03 +statistical selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +compile-time DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.22 0.61 +direct transcription TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.37 0.00 +nlg community other 0.02 0.23 0.74 0.01 +near-term extraction technology TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.00 0.04 +finite state grammar TechTool 0.68 0.16 0.16 0.00 +annotation system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +observational learning TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +robust risk minimization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +candidate answer DSMMM 0.01 0.32 0.15 0.52 +corpus extraction TechTool 0.68 0.32 0.00 0.01 +viterbi-like parsing algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +lexicon entries Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.05 0.00 +unsupervised information extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +video content other 0.04 0.01 0.92 0.04 +parser-reranker TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +relation mapping other 0.47 0.00 0.52 0.01 +morphological analyzer TechTool 0.93 0.03 0.04 0.00 +expert knowledge other 0.05 0.45 0.50 0.00 +giza TechTool 0.44 0.11 0.26 0.19 +tokenization TechTool 0.74 0.07 0.08 0.10 +handwriting Linguistics 0.24 0.49 0.22 0.05 +user search TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +tag formalism TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.01 0.01 +dialogue architecture TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +computer-based discourse analysis TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +entailment identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.02 +video retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +robust analysis TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +feature extracton TechTool 0.72 0.09 0.06 0.12 +skeleton parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +hyperonym problem other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +factorial analysis TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +word-aligned translation Linguistics 0.36 0.61 0.02 0.01 +lr automata TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.16 0.04 +cantonese speech Linguistics 0.01 0.55 0.31 0.13 +normal form other 0.38 0.00 0.56 0.06 +advisory dialogs system TechTool 0.75 0.24 0.01 0.00 +large labeled training corpora Linguistics 0.19 0.80 0.01 0.00 +linguistic theories Linguistics 0.03 0.79 0.17 0.02 +region contraction TechTool 0.78 0.02 0.12 0.09 +rate estimation DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.63 +machine-translation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.02 +cross validation method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +network building TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.22 +lexemic grammar TechTool 0.53 0.20 0.01 0.27 +scoring script TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.13 +right-to-left decoding TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +shallow generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +machine translation processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +statistical methods TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +entity identification TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +opinion corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.05 0.00 +resource development TechTool 0.59 0.01 0.39 0.01 +phomeme recognition TechTool 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.07 +probabilities calculation DSMMM 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.81 +morphophonemic level other 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.39 +ccg gold standard Linguistics 0.38 0.60 0.01 0.01 +corpus-based tuning TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.00 0.02 +crawler other 0.32 0.17 0.46 0.05 +graph-based extractive summarization method TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.12 +user expertise other 0.07 0.13 0.62 0.19 +constituent boundary marker Linguistics 0.38 0.55 0.07 0.00 +paragraph numbering other 0.31 0.14 0.45 0.10 +tree-based modeling TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.23 +human communication other 0.10 0.00 0.90 0.00 +state-labeled automata TechTool 0.71 0.02 0.27 0.00 +abstracts reader Linguistics 0.00 0.50 0.43 0.07 +on-demand information extraction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +knowledge engineering TechTool 0.61 0.03 0.36 0.00 +noise other 0.19 0.08 0.61 0.12 +chinese corpus analysis Linguistics 0.19 0.80 0.00 0.01 +cass parser TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +robot navigation TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.23 0.00 +cast3lb tag assignment TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.05 0.00 +concreteness other 0.06 0.30 0.45 0.18 +phrase structtire TechTool 0.50 0.17 0.13 0.20 +category hierarchy DSMMM 0.01 0.34 0.05 0.60 +cooccurrence smooihing TechTool 0.54 0.09 0.22 0.14 +term distribution DSMMM 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.89 +object-oriented simulation TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.24 0.02 +generic object recognition TechTool 0.95 0.02 0.02 0.01 +phrase indexing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +cross-language information gathering TechTool 0.48 0.00 0.46 0.05 +knowledge-based reasoning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +stochastic tree-adjoining grammar TechTool 0.76 0.23 0.00 0.01 +feature normalization TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +push-down transducer TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.01 0.33 +sequential optimization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +speakerindependent speech recognition TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.09 0.01 +modular communication TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +quantitative analysis TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.01 +conversation management TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +syntax-based statistical machine translation TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.01 +context-sensitive document glossing TechTool 0.72 0.02 0.25 0.00 +unrestricted algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +template generation software TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +inter annotator agreement DSMMM 0.00 0.10 0.08 0.82 +recognizing contextual polarity TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.01 +statistical machine-translation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +statistical pattern recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +editing Linguistics 0.23 0.43 0.29 0.05 +phological analyzer TechTool 0.91 0.07 0.01 0.01 +operating system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +dialogue length DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.16 0.82 +semi-automatic extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +dependency tree search DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.63 +phrases extraction TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +term ranking DSMMM 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.82 +discourse understanding accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.98 +capitalization restoration TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.19 0.00 +data sharing DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.42 0.50 +recall-oriented alignment TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.01 0.48 +cfs subset evaluation Linguistics 0.22 0.51 0.17 0.10 +speech dialogue translation TechTool 0.43 0.36 0.17 0.03 +voting scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +target languages Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.00 +direct association TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.03 +boundary disambiguation module TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +subcategorisation frame extraction TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.00 0.01 +semantic interpretation component TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.48 0.01 +idiom recognition and translation TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.10 0.01 +dynamic-programming search TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +unsupervised neural network learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +evaluation method TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +complement-predicate relation Linguistics 0.08 0.61 0.25 0.05 +categorial unification grammar TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +translation memory \ TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.03 0.07 +heuristic combination TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +relevance calculation DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.03 0.64 +orthographic search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +f-structure mapping TechTool 0.75 0.01 0.03 0.21 +semantic role chunking TechTool 0.89 0.03 0.08 0.00 +well-nestedness constraint other 0.12 0.10 0.72 0.07 +hmm estimation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.13 +syntactic constituents Linguistics 0.00 0.66 0.33 0.01 +grammar checking TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +dialogue situation other 0.02 0.11 0.84 0.03 +graphical interface TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +shallow preprocessing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +data-driven bottom-up automaton TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +metadata access TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.05 0.06 +distribute message-passing infrastructure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +pitch measurement DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.09 0.87 +psycholinguistic experiment design other 0.05 0.00 0.94 0.00 +discrete observation system TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +case role assignment TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.34 0.01 +sense disambiguator TechTool 0.58 0.38 0.04 0.00 +penman text generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +task-oriented dialogs TechTool 0.52 0.07 0.41 0.00 +computer documentation Linguistics 0.28 0.38 0.33 0.01 +servlet TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.08 0.12 +natural deduction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +metropolis-hastings algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +generative probabilistic optical character recognition ( ocr ) model DSMMM 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.90 +empirical noun compound interpretation Linguistics 0.11 0.83 0.03 0.03 +parse state other 0.05 0.03 0.75 0.16 +raw text corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.02 0.01 +synonymous collocation extraction TechTool 0.60 0.39 0.00 0.01 +time mapping other 0.28 0.00 0.54 0.18 +attribute recording TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.27 0.05 +quantifier inheritance principle TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.43 +acquisition process TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +hispanic surname assignment TechTool 0.76 0.04 0.16 0.04 +re-training TechTool 0.88 0.05 0.05 0.02 +language engineering system TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.01 +transition network parser TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.13 +relation recognition-process other 0.31 0.00 0.69 0.01 +scatter storage TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.04 0.29 +grammar processing computation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.04 +ocr research other 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.00 +graphic summarization TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +linguistic hypothesis other 0.05 0.12 0.65 0.18 +root word recovery TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.17 0.01 +cf rule TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.33 0.00 +corresponding training TechTool 0.70 0.24 0.04 0.01 +part-of-speech distance DSMMM 0.17 0.05 0.29 0.49 +human translation TechTool 0.43 0.20 0.35 0.01 +terminology acquisition TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.15 0.00 +glossary item normalization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +accentual phrase boundary TechTool 0.88 0.04 0.02 0.06 +temporal structuring TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +entropy-based example selection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.05 +kappa test DSMMM 0.02 0.16 0.00 0.81 +rapid annotation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +interactive question-answering TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.07 0.00 +symbolic knowledge representation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.20 0.01 +name dialing Linguistics 0.40 0.54 0.01 0.04 +tutoring spoken dialogue Linguistics 0.22 0.50 0.28 0.00 +Mt output other 0.05 0.00 0.88 0.07 +confusion model DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.97 +verb group recognition TechTool 0.53 0.32 0.14 0.00 +turn segmentation TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.41 0.00 +language classification task TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.34 0.01 +predictive parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +lasie approach TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.00 +muc-style coreference resolution TechTool 0.78 0.03 0.19 0.00 +muc-11 database other 0.27 0.29 0.43 0.02 +statistical addressee identification TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +wordnet mapping TechTool 0.68 0.09 0.23 0.00 +knowledge construction and maintenance TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +target language realization TechTool 0.45 0.30 0.19 0.06 +translation model training TechTool 0.62 0.02 0.01 0.35 +static parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.01 0.05 +frame parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +domain independent acoustic model DSMMM 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.94 +sentence variant TechTool 0.52 0.01 0.20 0.27 +concept-based seeds TechTool 0.77 0.13 0.03 0.07 +intersystem comparison TechTool 0.53 0.16 0.24 0.07 +pragmatic inferencing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +human-based translation TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 +slant grammar calculus TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.01 +semantic tractability other 0.07 0.05 0.73 0.16 +plural disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +spectral-based clustering TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +grammatical fi'amework Linguistics 0.11 0.82 0.05 0.01 +rhetorical classification TechTool 0.89 0.09 0.01 0.01 +predicates Linguistics 0.11 0.61 0.20 0.08 +chunk detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +me training TechTool 0.77 0.22 0.01 0.00 +contextual word Linguistics 0.09 0.73 0.03 0.15 +hypotheses other 0.10 0.31 0.55 0.04 +broad-coverage natural language processing TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.05 0.00 +katz back-off bigram estimation DSMMM 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +sentence boundary detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +correlation other 0.28 0.21 0.29 0.22 +xtag system TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +discourse representation TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.09 0.06 +seed words Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.06 0.05 +interpretation TechTool 0.36 0.14 0.36 0.14 +dictionary induction TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +error identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +c-value method DSMMM 0.48 0.01 0.00 0.51 +topic language model DSMMM 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.93 +grammaticality TechTool 0.45 0.07 0.38 0.09 +non-monotonic reasoning TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.01 +bilingual adaptation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +online inquiry-based learning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +incremental resolution TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +word-context-dependent word model DSMMM 0.13 0.06 0.00 0.81 +sort lattice DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.40 0.48 +phrase composition DSMMM 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.82 +d-tree grammar DSMMM 0.20 0.33 0.01 0.46 +multi-class classification TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +example-based classification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +segmentation-independent engineering TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.01 0.00 +mbt pos tags TechTool 0.57 0.31 0.11 0.01 +phrase translation TechTool 0.61 0.34 0.00 0.05 +phrase reference Linguistics 0.32 0.46 0.17 0.06 +voice input facility TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.41 0.00 +matrix language TechTool 0.48 0.27 0.09 0.16 +computational lexicology TechTool 0.43 0.11 0.20 0.25 +communications satellite other 0.24 0.16 0.59 0.00 +cky-algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +logistic regression model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +category tagging TechTool 0.86 0.08 0.05 0.01 +dialogue systems TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +corpus processing and analysis TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.02 0.00 +auxiliary tree TechTool 0.35 0.32 0.02 0.31 +contextual translation model DSMMM 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.85 +declarative knowledge other 0.23 0.02 0.75 0.00 +convolution tree kernel TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.32 +training data Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.06 0.04 +movement equation DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.84 +infinitive expression Linguistics 0.14 0.36 0.19 0.31 +lazy evaluation TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.01 0.11 +switchboard corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +overlapping speech other 0.02 0.14 0.79 0.06 +domain-independent analysis TechTool 0.92 0.05 0.03 0.00 +supervised segmentation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +noun-phrase chunking TechTool 0.60 0.39 0.00 0.01 +single reference translation TechTool 0.60 0.38 0.02 0.00 +regression model DSMMM 0.42 0.00 0.00 0.58 +combination pattern matching TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +probabilistic term logic TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.18 +polythetic coding scheme TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +dictionary maintenance software TechTool 0.69 0.30 0.00 0.00 +sgml-oriented architecture TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +corpus processing TechTool 0.76 0.24 0.00 0.00 +esperanto Linguistics 0.30 0.46 0.17 0.07 +unsupervised word segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +machine translation session other 0.17 0.05 0.76 0.02 +psf extractor TechTool 0.73 0.21 0.01 0.05 +english penn treebank Linguistics 0.03 0.89 0.08 0.00 +history-based parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +technical corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.01 +automatic lexicon acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +n-best rescoring TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.06 0.02 +emacs editor TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.06 0.00 +decision list learning TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +preposition disambigua Linguistics 0.21 0.77 0.02 0.00 +linear-time recognition TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +unigram model DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.92 +principle component analysis TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.23 0.01 +segmental intelligibility other 0.01 0.00 0.65 0.34 +name transliteration Linguistics 0.34 0.62 0.01 0.03 +digital hardware TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +edit term DSMMM 0.17 0.02 0.00 0.81 +partial template extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +language analyzer and generator TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +automatic indexing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +indicative multidocument summarization TechTool 0.83 0.01 0.16 0.01 +shift detection TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.07 +full indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +sentence-based learning TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.02 0.15 +modular development TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +cutoff pruning method TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.00 0.21 +natural language processing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +word-sequence prediction TechTool 0.88 0.05 0.02 0.05 +word occurrence vector DSMMM 0.35 0.03 0.00 0.62 +pronoun detection and resolution TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +compound error recovery TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.07 0.11 +corpus study Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.03 0.01 +word-aligned corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.01 0.04 +role identification TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.00 +human-aided clustering TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +benchmark tool TechTool 0.75 0.10 0.16 0.00 +sonle segmentation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.00 +geoscience research other 0.37 0.08 0.47 0.09 +bilinguallexicon TechTool 0.56 0.21 0.11 0.12 +gesture recognition TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +gesture tracking TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +answer type other 0.03 0.06 0.52 0.39 +morphological ambiguity other 0.06 0.00 0.94 0.00 +english parser TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +coverage analysis DSMMM 0.23 0.01 0.06 0.71 +formal grammars TechTool 0.73 0.21 0.01 0.05 +longest-match replacement TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +training size DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.97 +phrase retrieval TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +hypothesizing TechTool 0.71 0.09 0.10 0.10 +recognition technology TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +second language learning TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +variable selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +incremental construction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +muc-3 testset other 0.15 0.10 0.68 0.07 +question answering TechTool 0.54 0.06 0.39 0.01 +knowledge base paradigm other 0.07 0.44 0.49 0.00 +noun filtering TechTool 0.76 0.13 0.00 0.11 +test data Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.01 0.08 +simultaneous invocation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +senserelate algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +dom transliteration TechTool 0.66 0.21 0.03 0.11 +detection approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +style assessment other 0.36 0.00 0.57 0.06 +modeling relatedness TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.02 0.25 +tagging naodule TechTool 0.73 0.08 0.08 0.11 +stochastic processing TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +class information other 0.01 0.01 0.97 0.01 +case adjunction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +english-like tokenization TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.00 0.01 +dictionary production TechTool 0.84 0.14 0.02 0.00 +empty category detection TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.01 +multimodal spoken language corpora Linguistics 0.15 0.83 0.02 0.00 +lsa approach TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +phrase learning TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +n-gram weighting DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.63 +network search TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +augment transition network DSMMM 0.33 0.00 0.09 0.58 +single-grammar model TechTool 0.71 0.06 0.00 0.23 +glue language deduction TechTool 0.80 0.04 0.15 0.02 +verb phrase constituent Linguistics 0.01 0.96 0.01 0.02 +comprehension TechTool 0.50 0.19 0.14 0.17 +wordform model DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.93 +semi-automatic video annotation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +compatibility checking TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.01 0.49 +index term generation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.19 +boundary event detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +answer generator TechTool 0.77 0.03 0.02 0.18 +target word selection TechTool 0.90 0.08 0.01 0.01 +corpus design Linguistics 0.10 0.69 0.20 0.01 +log-likelihood ratio DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.95 +affixes Linguistics 0.13 0.58 0.25 0.04 +environment linking TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.25 0.01 +agreement-based co-training method TechTool 0.77 0.01 0.02 0.20 +nominative case assignment TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +unigram matching TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.47 +maximum entropy model DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +language ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.22 0.01 +depth-first parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +language parser and generator TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +time expressions other 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.48 +intonational description DSMMM 0.12 0.33 0.10 0.45 +chinese collocation Linguistics 0.02 0.79 0.00 0.19 +font style information other 0.06 0.00 0.93 0.00 +difference method TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.19 0.11 +sequence modeling problem other 0.17 0.00 0.83 0.00 +characters other 0.12 0.38 0.46 0.04 +automatic segmentation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +relative pronoun Linguistics 0.12 0.72 0.16 0.00 +viterbi decoding TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.07 +morpheme estimation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +english language Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.04 0.02 +supervised system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +statistical parsing system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +block-based parsing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +unsupervised pattern learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +inference engine TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +question interpretation TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.34 0.02 +maximum entropy learner TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +corpus linguistics Linguistics 0.00 0.78 0.00 0.21 +wordnet stemmlug TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +language terminology Linguistics 0.00 0.53 0.42 0.04 +tokenization system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +paradise evaluation TechTool 0.79 0.02 0.01 0.18 +system output other 0.13 0.00 0.86 0.01 +german information retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +component performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.80 +syntactic regularization TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.05 0.01 +expansion-pruning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +redundancy elimination TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.28 0.02 +marker dictionary Linguistics 0.06 0.94 0.00 0.00 +processing tools TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +combinatory logic TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +speaker variation other 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.36 +language processing module TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +maximum-likelihood estimation TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.19 +multilevel annotation TechTool 0.88 0.06 0.06 0.01 +left-dislocation other 0.39 0.00 0.60 0.01 +query construction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.05 0.04 +framenet TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +weight updating TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.00 0.43 +statistical machine translation tool kit TechTool 0.91 0.05 0.03 0.00 +model-based training TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.24 +italian meaning corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +speaker adaptive training TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +probabilistic prediction TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.14 +key prediction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +language acquisition \ TechTool 0.95 0.04 0.00 0.01 +word alignment adaptation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +unit path DSMMM 0.25 0.03 0.15 0.57 +bilexical parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +multimodal reference resolution TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.00 +phrase structure parsing TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +backoff approach TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +random condition TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.40 0.05 +english verb classes Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.00 +rcc interpretation TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.10 0.04 +linguistic tagging TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.03 0.01 +syllable-based channel model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +conceptual relation other 0.03 0.00 0.66 0.31 +systemic-functional grammar TechTool 0.72 0.24 0.00 0.04 +restrictive segmentation TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +query condition other 0.40 0.00 0.44 0.15 +feature induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +hypothesis translation TechTool 0.51 0.02 0.35 0.12 +argument-medial position other 0.01 0.44 0.48 0.08 +linguistic modeling TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +shallow syntactic analysis TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +shake-and-bake generation TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +human intervention other 0.23 0.00 0.75 0.01 +path-based inference TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +infbrmation retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +instance-based learning TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +wordspace TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +text structure Linguistics 0.07 0.64 0.27 0.03 +nonconstituent conjunction Linguistics 0.49 0.49 0.02 0.00 +spoken query processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tableau other 0.17 0.29 0.31 0.22 +incremental dependency parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +domain dependence other 0.00 0.05 0.78 0.17 +structure parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +word frequency estimation DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.89 +categorical relationship other 0.04 0.00 0.62 0.34 +tag estimation accuracy DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.89 +domain-independent generation TechTool 0.94 0.03 0.02 0.00 +feature set selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +synthesis TechTool 0.38 0.18 0.34 0.10 +phonetic interpreter TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.03 0.07 +art classi cation TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +multidimensional parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.03 +prediction task TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.39 0.01 +query spelling TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.22 0.01 +maximum entropy word alignment algorithm TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +chi-square test TechTool 0.61 0.02 0.01 0.37 +event simulation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.01 +statistical decision theory TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.14 0.00 +syntactic realizer TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.03 0.02 +transformation rules TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +formal description Linguistics 0.15 0.50 0.30 0.06 +interactive query construction TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.11 0.00 +fifa algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +relevance assignment TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.10 0.22 +incremental translation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +rule-reduction algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +computational implementation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +finite-state transducers TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +story segmentor TechTool 0.63 0.13 0.16 0.08 +committee-based decision making TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +bibliographic search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.04 +project-based learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +computer-human corpus Linguistics 0.05 0.93 0.00 0.02 +texture resolution TechTool 0.96 0.03 0.01 0.00 +relevance derivation other 0.16 0.00 0.75 0.09 +head selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +unigram topic DSMMM 0.03 0.16 0.07 0.75 +lexical knowledge representation other 0.15 0.02 0.83 0.00 +hill-climbing TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +word filtering TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.01 0.30 +evaluation test DSMMM 0.01 0.27 0.00 0.71 +subtree-to-rule conversion TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +syntagmatic similarity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.97 +natural language generation TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +web audio content other 0.01 0.05 0.64 0.30 +parts-ofspeech TechTool 0.47 0.08 0.44 0.00 +grammar interpreter TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +semantic specification TechTool 0.66 0.01 0.26 0.07 +phrase structure grammars TechTool 0.78 0.11 0.00 0.11 +bunsetsu identification TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.01 0.00 +clause combination TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +anaphora resolution and classification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +predictive clustering TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.05 +xerox corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.00 +graphemic parsing TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +table recognition other 0.01 0.00 0.74 0.25 +atis material Linguistics 0.05 0.62 0.33 0.00 +expectation propagation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.06 0.15 +suffix stripping TechTool 0.58 0.27 0.14 0.01 +verb distribution Linguistics 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.24 +human interaction with datum source TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.42 0.06 +paraphrase learning and generation TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +acoustic-phonetic information other 0.11 0.00 0.77 0.12 +document processor TechTool 0.63 0.35 0.00 0.01 +monolingual textual entailment recognition TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.35 0.01 +alignment monotonization TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +sub-categorization information other 0.33 0.02 0.64 0.00 +rule notation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +instant messaging TechTool 0.61 0.19 0.19 0.00 +montague-style semantic construction process other 0.36 0.00 0.64 0.00 +chinese compound Linguistics 0.01 0.95 0.00 0.04 +reformatting TechTool 0.69 0.11 0.08 0.11 +berkeley framenet project TechTool 0.42 0.27 0.31 0.00 +sequential sampling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +cross-lingual retrieval TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +syntactic analysis or parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +quadratic clustering TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +discriminative language modeling TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +automaton TechTool 0.65 0.11 0.21 0.03 +navigation TechTool 0.61 0.07 0.26 0.05 +nantc coefficient DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.87 +polynomial kernel TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +n-grams DSMMM 0.01 0.19 0.10 0.71 +telic event Linguistics 0.07 0.81 0.12 0.01 +q-learning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.01 +model size reduction DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.95 +entity recognition task other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.01 +tokenizafion TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +beam-search strategy TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +memory other 0.17 0.15 0.51 0.17 +corpus-level extraction TechTool 0.84 0.10 0.01 0.06 +reference planning TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +word length correction TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.02 0.33 +loglinear interpolation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +mesh headings Linguistics 0.04 0.78 0.14 0.05 +non-recursive text segmentation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.16 0.00 +entity recognizers TechTool 0.75 0.03 0.05 0.17 +deletedestimation interpolation Linguistics 0.29 0.42 0.23 0.06 +free text retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +clause segmenting TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +natural-language access TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.07 0.02 +human judgments other 0.02 0.04 0.70 0.24 +modifier Linguistics 0.08 0.61 0.17 0.14 +typed l-calculus TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.10 0.00 +tag-based parser TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.00 0.01 +word meanings Linguistics 0.01 0.97 0.01 0.01 +term combination DSMMM 0.34 0.02 0.01 0.64 +iscourse understanding model DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.62 +dialogue analysis TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.01 +noise reduction algorithm TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.08 +link grammar TechTool 0.84 0.03 0.02 0.12 +inheritance TechTool 0.64 0.07 0.23 0.07 +head-automaton parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +programming platform TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +predicate-argument transformation TechTool 0.90 0.05 0.04 0.01 +formal model DSMMM 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.91 +phrasal composition DSMMM 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.75 +satellite television broadcaster TechTool 0.49 0.34 0.16 0.01 +automated deduction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +structured object model DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.93 +machine learn TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.05 0.11 +cluster-based summarization TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.01 0.03 +multicategory classification TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.01 +positive quantifier Linguistics 0.05 0.65 0.00 0.29 +chartparsing framework TechTool 0.39 0.17 0.18 0.27 +coreference information other 0.25 0.00 0.75 0.00 +image and text understanding TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.02 +multilingual grammar engineering TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.01 0.00 +timesharing TechTool 0.66 0.11 0.11 0.12 +learning-based segmentation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +passive voice other 0.30 0.00 0.69 0.01 +computer literacy TechTool 0.51 0.28 0.07 0.13 +2-fold cross validation TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.10 0.02 +role extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +syntax-semantics communication other 0.37 0.05 0.58 0.00 +alembic part-of-speech tagger TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.01 0.00 +lexicon handling TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +entity tagger TechTool 0.92 0.03 0.04 0.01 +multilingual dependency parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +environmental normalization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +information presentation other 0.24 0.00 0.76 0.00 +affect-detection module TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +two-pass n-best search strategy TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +text analysis TechTool 0.88 0.01 0.11 0.00 +integer linear programming TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.02 +penn treebank ii other 0.02 0.40 0.58 0.01 +programming framework TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lexical disarnbiguation TechTool 0.40 0.31 0.29 0.00 +tag-based generation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +tree processing TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +multi-speaker broadcast transcription TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.15 0.00 +word extraction method TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +persian Linguistics 0.23 0.54 0.19 0.05 +definitional question other 0.37 0.01 0.61 0.01 +generation process other 0.49 0.00 0.51 0.00 +english-to-korean transliteration TechTool 0.80 0.18 0.00 0.01 +combination generation TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +em-based smoothing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +cfg formalism TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.07 +lexical smoothing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +phrase polarity extraction TechTool 0.93 0.04 0.00 0.03 +sense induction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +token surface form other 0.03 0.05 0.64 0.28 +orthographic representation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.03 0.20 +surface syntactic composition DSMMM 0.06 0.01 0.30 0.63 +scope ambiguity other 0.03 0.00 0.96 0.01 +computer assistance TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.28 0.00 +data-oriented generalisation TechTool 0.63 0.01 0.24 0.12 +knowledge representation task other 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.00 +reason-maintenance TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +iterative reestimation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +intonation research other 0.19 0.07 0.73 0.00 +word form generation TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.03 0.02 +information clustering TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +ethology TechTool 0.35 0.24 0.21 0.20 +biomedical term recognition TechTool 0.71 0.15 0.10 0.04 +bit line configuration other 0.24 0.00 0.44 0.32 +causative\/inchoative alternation other 0.25 0.12 0.62 0.01 +event analysis TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.08 0.00 +interactive argumentation system TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +unidirectional parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.02 +speech recognition evaluation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.02 0.08 +argument structures Linguistics 0.01 0.60 0.36 0.03 +cg syntax TechTool 0.60 0.02 0.32 0.07 +pcfg pruning TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.25 +window-based context TechTool 0.69 0.13 0.07 0.11 +rm benchmark Linguistics 0.42 0.51 0.07 0.00 +reference sets other 0.01 0.17 0.69 0.13 +hmm model DSMMM 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.68 +meaning lattice DSMMM 0.19 0.39 0.03 0.39 +proximity score DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +anaphora reference other 0.27 0.03 0.70 0.00 +knowledge-based language processing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +test corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.94 0.00 0.06 +large scale nlp TechTool 0.85 0.06 0.04 0.05 +maximum liklihood TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.11 +sgml processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +thread-safe unication TechTool 0.87 0.05 0.04 0.04 +glossary-based translation TechTool 0.90 0.07 0.01 0.02 +mandarin chinese tone Linguistics 0.00 0.83 0.10 0.07 +lhip TechTool 0.78 0.08 0.07 0.07 +art concept discovery TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.36 0.00 +template matching technique TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +crosslinguistic parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +chat-style communication TechTool 0.53 0.01 0.45 0.00 +finite state automata TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.38 0.00 +information-theoretic feature weighting TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.24 +self evaluation other 0.16 0.00 0.69 0.15 +penn treebank-style phrase-structure Linguistics 0.18 0.75 0.05 0.03 +exception-based learning TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +g2p conversion TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +paraphrase Linguistics 0.34 0.34 0.26 0.06 +word sense resolution TechTool 0.65 0.34 0.01 0.00 +mutli-document summarization TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.00 +constraint-based control mechanism TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +music information retrieval TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +system testing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +transaction dialogue Linguistics 0.29 0.46 0.24 0.01 +fragmentation method TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +grammatical tagger TechTool 0.80 0.19 0.01 0.00 +speech-to-speech dialogue TechTool 0.59 0.32 0.05 0.04 +human inference TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +human annotator other 0.08 0.27 0.60 0.05 +distinctive feature matrix TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.05 0.10 +summarization evmuation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.04 +case slot instantiation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.08 +profile-based paraphrasing TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.00 0.11 +stochastic output selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +satellite recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +vector distance calculation DSMMM 0.34 0.00 0.01 0.66 +english-chinese bitexts Linguistics 0.29 0.68 0.00 0.02 +auxiliary verbs Linguistics 0.00 0.89 0.11 0.00 +lexical cohesiveness other 0.09 0.33 0.58 0.00 +multimedia interface TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +features selection TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.07 0.00 +content selection algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +segmental phoneme other 0.40 0.01 0.52 0.07 +learning program TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +word prediction TechTool 0.61 0.01 0.01 0.37 +euphony TechTool 0.55 0.12 0.26 0.07 +analysis tool TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +finite state transducer TechTool 0.80 0.01 0.19 0.00 +attribute-value logics TechTool 0.57 0.03 0.00 0.40 +semantics-directed parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +listen-communicate-show ( lcs ) TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +cultural knowledge other 0.01 0.04 0.94 0.00 +search parameter TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.02 0.21 +syntax tree construction other 0.29 0.00 0.41 0.29 +stylistic analysis TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.13 0.02 +coreference resolution system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +structuration software TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.15 0.00 +lexicon acquisition TechTool 0.83 0.17 0.00 0.00 +bag-of-words approach TechTool 0.76 0.23 0.00 0.01 +word frequencies method DSMMM 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.86 +general-purpose constraint TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.22 0.00 +bootstrapping classification TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +hillclimbing TechTool 0.62 0.14 0.11 0.12 +term extraction TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.41 +large training TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +utterance Linguistics 0.21 0.47 0.27 0.05 +case-baaed learning TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +hmm-based recognizer TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +synthesis quality DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.97 +ada-boost TechTool 0.85 0.02 0.06 0.07 +noise cancellation TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.37 0.13 +two-phase parsing TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.09 0.00 +training sample selection TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.01 0.01 +discourse processing and presupposition TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.14 0.00 +data sparseness problem other 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.04 +information retrieval paradigm TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.06 0.02 +natural language content other 0.09 0.10 0.81 0.01 +passage extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +discourse representation structures TechTool 0.67 0.05 0.19 0.09 +syntax structure generation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.15 0.01 +speak multiparty dialogue Linguistics 0.02 0.60 0.35 0.04 +recursive parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +reference realization TechTool 0.59 0.00 0.40 0.00 +cocompositionality TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +non-canonical bottom-up parsing TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.02 0.15 +segmentation lattice TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +word boundary ambiguity other 0.16 0.00 0.83 0.01 +sm feature selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +phonological-rule induction TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.06 0.00 +selectional restrictions Linguistics 0.08 0.71 0.04 0.18 +finite-state pattern TechTool 0.71 0.01 0.27 0.02 +multiple-document summarization TechTool 0.96 0.04 0.01 0.00 +scoring model DSMMM 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.76 +human dialogue other 0.02 0.35 0.63 0.01 +attachment site TechTool 0.56 0.32 0.06 0.05 +concept representation TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.01 0.16 +subgraph construction problem other 0.11 0.00 0.89 0.00 +specialist lexicon Linguistics 0.03 0.93 0.01 0.03 +mathematical proof assistant TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.39 0.00 +close-talking speech other 0.08 0.02 0.82 0.08 +proper noun chain Linguistics 0.17 0.66 0.10 0.08 +written interaction other 0.46 0.00 0.54 0.00 +dederivation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +context vector matrix TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.02 0.05 +statistical morphological analyzer development TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +hypothesis space DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +lexicai-functional grammar TechTool 0.78 0.15 0.01 0.06 +senseval-2 English lexical sample task other 0.04 0.01 0.94 0.00 +automatic speaker identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +MT evaluation techniques TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.01 0.09 +semcor corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.01 +phrasal syntax TechTool 0.43 0.29 0.05 0.23 +programming mechanism TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.00 +maxent part-of-speech TechTool 0.78 0.14 0.07 0.01 +frame schema TechTool 0.81 0.18 0.00 0.00 +c-free transducer TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.02 +web-based reranking TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.00 0.15 +text lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.02 0.00 +bag-of-morphemes modeling TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.00 0.02 +ne identification TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.01 0.01 +ppi augmentation TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.28 0.03 +rule language TechTool 0.90 0.01 0.09 0.01 +language information system TechTool 0.67 0.00 0.32 0.01 +n-gram model training DSMMM 0.35 0.01 0.01 0.64 +local pattern-matching TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.01 0.25 +particle Linguistics 0.24 0.49 0.11 0.16 +confidence estimation TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 +batch selection method TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +object labeling Linguistics 0.28 0.67 0.02 0.02 +type coercion TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.25 0.00 +morphology model DSMMM 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.92 +topic inference TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +tlabt extraction TechTool 0.42 0.11 0.36 0.11 +plpatr recognition TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +word segmentation bakeoff TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.15 0.00 +basic mapping TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +question-biased term extraction TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.04 0.13 +link clustering TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +context-free grainmar TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +speech signal other 0.03 0.01 0.52 0.44 +lexical markup framework TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.16 0.00 +oracle word selection TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.04 +syntactic segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +pos tag information other 0.17 0.07 0.76 0.00 +translation ambiguity resolution TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.18 0.00 +word types Linguistics 0.00 0.91 0.05 0.04 +stop word list Linguistics 0.02 0.88 0.08 0.02 +taxonomic name Linguistics 0.08 0.73 0.01 0.17 +5-gram language model DSMMM 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.96 +top-down recognition TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.02 0.07 +acoustic edge-detection TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +disambiguation system TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +gratnmar processing TechTool 0.70 0.08 0.15 0.07 +comparative evaluation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +automatic term extraction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +word recognition \ TechTool 0.71 0.26 0.00 0.02 +modeling language TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.03 0.04 +foreign language learning TechTool 0.54 0.04 0.41 0.00 +similarity-based clustering TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.37 +factual knowledge other 0.05 0.05 0.90 0.00 +recognition algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +spelling recognition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +analytic process other 0.06 0.00 0.94 0.01 +biomedical term classification TechTool 0.65 0.25 0.04 0.06 +jaccard coefficient DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.89 +speak language system domain other 0.05 0.25 0.66 0.03 +broad-coverage grammar Linguistics 0.15 0.67 0.01 0.17 +dependency control mechanism TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +probabilistic natural language processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +segmentation work TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +id rules TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.01 +verb sense information other 0.01 0.46 0.54 0.00 +domain selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.00 +text meaning representation TechTool 0.69 0.18 0.09 0.05 +semantic-oriented approach TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.09 0.00 +finite state model TechTool 0.56 0.01 0.12 0.31 +spoken dialogue agent TechTool 0.67 0.30 0.03 0.00 +word-based translation TechTool 0.80 0.11 0.01 0.08 +bi-directional alignment TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.19 +fledback query other 0.20 0.34 0.39 0.06 +trainable decision tree TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.03 0.05 +gestural interpretation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.21 0.03 +requirements analysis TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.17 0.01 +ie pattern induction TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.18 0.01 +begin tag TechTool 0.51 0.45 0.04 0.00 +evaluation corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.61 0.00 0.39 +gaussian prior TechTool 0.76 0.02 0.21 0.01 +plan generation and recognition TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +iga Linguistics 0.29 0.48 0.17 0.05 +keyword search TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.06 +english wsd TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.01 0.00 +n-best sentence hypothesis other 0.18 0.04 0.53 0.25 +lexicographer other 0.29 0.10 0.57 0.04 +weakly supervised learning algo TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.06 0.00 +foreign language dictionary Linguistics 0.01 0.93 0.05 0.01 +transitivity alternation other 0.18 0.00 0.80 0.02 +rule sequence TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.38 0.00 +representation formalism TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.07 +dependency treelet translation pair Linguistics 0.18 0.58 0.08 0.17 +verbal subcategoriation TechTool 0.47 0.18 0.24 0.11 +biology knowledge other 0.01 0.18 0.81 0.00 +simplified chinese TechTool 0.67 0.19 0.07 0.06 +ethnologue TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +parser-based language model DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.51 +Lexical-Functional Grammars ( LFG ) TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +electronic mail system TechTool 0.93 0.06 0.01 0.00 +syntactic parameter TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.38 0.11 +management systems TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +supertag disambiguation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +domain-independent text segmentation TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.04 0.00 +information extraction ( ie ) system TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +entailment relation acquisition TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.17 0.01 +linguistic resource development TechTool 0.64 0.11 0.22 0.03 +reordering TechTool 0.69 0.06 0.21 0.04 +automated subjectivity tagging TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +term indexing TechTool 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.41 +feature-unification TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +semantic compatibility model DSMMM 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.95 +network deduction TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +text generation and summarization TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +clean speech database TechTool 0.56 0.14 0.23 0.08 +emotion recognition TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.15 0.00 +root-based clustering TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.00 0.04 +regular expression DSMMM 0.15 0.01 0.38 0.46 +coherence modeling TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.15 +map algorithm TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.02 0.15 +author corpora Linguistics 0.00 0.88 0.11 0.00 +extended context-free grammar TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.02 0.01 +english name tagging TechTool 0.55 0.44 0.01 0.01 +collective content selection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +entropy probability model DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +language understandng TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +speech identification TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +automatic morphology induction TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +phonetic realisation other 0.30 0.01 0.64 0.06 +assertional box TechTool 0.58 0.01 0.39 0.01 +zero-anaphora resolution TechTool 0.87 0.13 0.00 0.00 +lexical co-occurrence other 0.21 0.03 0.76 0.01 +bilingual terminology acquisition TechTool 0.87 0.07 0.06 0.00 +muc scoring DSMMM 0.24 0.01 0.21 0.55 +Arabic information retrieval TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +machine transliteration TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.03 0.04 +statistical phrase-based machine translation TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.00 0.02 +semantics-based feature selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +report processing TechTool 0.63 0.00 0.34 0.03 +smalltalk compiler TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +optimal generalisation TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.08 0.16 +discriminative word alignment TechTool 0.90 0.02 0.01 0.07 +string-realization TechTool 0.91 0.03 0.03 0.03 +fdf hardware TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.03 0.03 +kappa coefficient DSMMM 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.94 +rgraph construction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.01 +case restoration TechTool 0.74 0.00 0.22 0.04 +lexical stress placement other 0.03 0.06 0.90 0.02 +semantic relation inference TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.21 0.01 +distributed sentence comprehension TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.14 0.34 +media allocation TechTool 0.55 0.34 0.07 0.04 +vocational blended training material Linguistics 0.21 0.70 0.09 0.00 +author identification TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.31 0.00 +predicate modification TechTool 0.88 0.02 0.07 0.03 +low-level printing TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.05 0.13 +polynomial time parsing TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.14 +wml translation TechTool 0.55 0.37 0.02 0.06 +hard problem other 0.13 0.00 0.87 0.00 +morpho-syntacticai information other 0.11 0.00 0.87 0.02 +sense clustering TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.01 +between-word coarticulation DSMMM 0.34 0.25 0.00 0.40 +audio processing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.01 +risk estimation TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +alignment indication TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.09 0.05 +speaking rate DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.98 +human-human communication other 0.20 0.01 0.79 0.00 +speech transcription TechTool 0.74 0.03 0.16 0.07 +sphinx2 speech recognition TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.05 0.01 +document analysis TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +referent graph TechTool 0.35 0.24 0.11 0.30 +similarity detection TechTool 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.35 +language processing chain TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.06 0.08 +definite description interpretation TechTool 0.78 0.09 0.13 0.00 +question type other 0.24 0.00 0.74 0.02 +maximum-recall parsing TechTool 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.46 +syntactic relation matching TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.06 0.04 +automatic semantic text processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +shimbun corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.01 +language ansaysis TechTool 0.63 0.04 0.17 0.17 +sentence segmentation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +verb meaning Linguistics 0.00 0.97 0.03 0.00 +environment adaptation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +data acquisition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +inter-sentence similarity DSMMM 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.95 +monte carlo simulation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +graph edit distance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.97 +library database TechTool 0.83 0.14 0.04 0.00 +realisation algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +retrieval subsystem TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +root-node finder TechTool 0.82 0.09 0.05 0.04 +heuristic-based clustering TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +peak explanation TechTool 0.51 0.02 0.36 0.11 +gold test set Linguistics 0.01 0.90 0.03 0.07 +two-step extraction TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +hybrid word\/phoneme TechTool 0.73 0.22 0.02 0.04 +shallow language structure DSMMM 0.27 0.13 0.13 0.47 +feature description TechTool 0.76 0.01 0.12 0.11 +nlp-based information retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +coding scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +control strategy TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.01 +syntactic compositionality TechTool 0.73 0.11 0.08 0.08 +forward selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +computer algorithm TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +treebank conversion TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.43 0.00 +generation TechTool 0.52 0.16 0.18 0.14 +phrasenet TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +multilingual summarization TechTool 0.98 0.02 0.00 0.00 +part tagger other 0.31 0.00 0.69 0.00 +off-line optimization TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +fnp segmentation TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.09 0.00 +metric computation DSMMM 0.47 0.00 0.01 0.53 +pattern-nlatchhlg nlethod TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.02 0.13 +syllable segmentation TechTool 0.72 0.02 0.26 0.00 +authoring tool TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +two-step word segmentation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +natural language input other 0.08 0.11 0.81 0.00 +vowel melody morpheme Linguistics 0.02 0.81 0.09 0.08 +speech recognition or parsing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +framenet classification TechTool 0.76 0.22 0.02 0.00 +document abstracting TechTool 0.71 0.08 0.15 0.06 +phonological parsing TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.01 +chart parse TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.11 0.01 +attentional state other 0.02 0.00 0.82 0.16 +boolean matrix multiplication TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +posterior probability DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +glass-box testing TechTool 0.97 0.01 0.02 0.00 +structure anmyzing TechTool 0.70 0.09 0.13 0.08 +inverted relation index TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.15 0.16 +document sets Linguistics 0.00 0.56 0.17 0.27 +nombank srl TechTool 0.89 0.04 0.06 0.01 +distance calculation DSMMM 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.93 +linear optimality theory TechTool 0.84 0.01 0.13 0.02 +isl meeting corpora Linguistics 0.01 0.94 0.04 0.01 +development cycle TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.29 0.01 +unsupervised feature selection TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +constraint acquisition TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +functional structure TechTool 0.58 0.20 0.05 0.17 +subject-object identification TechTool 0.68 0.20 0.12 0.01 +thai speech recognition TechTool 0.87 0.03 0.10 0.00 +spatial attribute TechTool 0.37 0.05 0.37 0.20 +dialog coherence TechTool 0.55 0.01 0.28 0.16 +phonetic expansion TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +automated syntactic analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +projective dependency parsing TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +n-ary classifier TechTool 0.89 0.10 0.01 0.00 +automatic text classification TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +report planning TechTool 0.51 0.00 0.49 0.00 +drs resolution TechTool 0.94 0.06 0.00 0.00 +type inheritance TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.13 0.01 +pattern-based information extraction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +1000-word vocabulary Linguistics 0.01 0.88 0.04 0.07 +automatic authoring TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +desktop search1 engine TechTool 0.92 0.01 0.03 0.03 +semantic input structure other 0.12 0.11 0.74 0.03 +stochastic modelling TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +link extension TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.14 0.04 +np-detection \ TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.00 0.02 +unrestricted text-to-speech TechTool 0.83 0.13 0.04 0.01 +n-best grafting TechTool 0.71 0.03 0.24 0.01 +partial string match TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.03 0.40 +word selection TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.02 +annotation projection TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.07 0.24 +real-world knowledge other 0.04 0.07 0.88 0.00 +czech speech recognition TechTool 0.76 0.20 0.04 0.00 +estimation procedure TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 +dialogue system design TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.48 0.00 +plan-based discourse understanding TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.03 0.03 +heuristic acceleration DSMMM 0.40 0.00 0.04 0.55 +first-order statistical grammar TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +shortest-distance algorithm TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.01 0.18 +skewed class distribution DSMMM 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.90 +svm approach TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +spelling model DSMMM 0.30 0.00 0.01 0.69 +meeting segmentation TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.13 0.00 +latent semantic indexing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.07 +constituency-based grammar TechTool 0.77 0.08 0.02 0.14 +linear regression TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +classifier algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +translation process other 0.02 0.00 0.97 0.01 +semantic association TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.01 0.30 +biomedical research other 0.03 0.43 0.54 0.00 +sentence corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.73 0.00 0.27 +descriptive adequacy desideratum other 0.11 0.09 0.63 0.18 +font Linguistics 0.12 0.65 0.18 0.05 +rule validation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +automated review rating TechTool 0.68 0.01 0.22 0.09 +name finding TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.03 0.02 +causality other 0.22 0.14 0.51 0.12 +summary writing TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.36 0.01 +interactive document summarisation\/presentation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +plural inflection Linguistics 0.13 0.48 0.39 0.00 +sentence-alignment TechTool 0.81 0.01 0.00 0.18 +fragment-and-compose paradigm TechTool 0.79 0.06 0.09 0.06 +word prediction and verification TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.05 0.22 +jose mercury corpus Linguistics 0.02 0.97 0.00 0.01 +turn transition other 0.02 0.00 0.73 0.25 +structure-sharing mechanism TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +syntactic graph DSMMM 0.32 0.03 0.03 0.62 +rank correlation DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.96 +number agreement DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.75 +syntactical information other 0.02 0.01 0.96 0.01 +intelligence TechTool 0.40 0.20 0.16 0.24 +top-down scope information other 0.07 0.00 0.87 0.05 +string analysis TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.06 0.01 +arc DSMMM 0.15 0.10 0.27 0.48 +non-linguistic knowledge other 0.12 0.01 0.85 0.02 +automated summarization TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +vector space representation TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.01 0.17 +shock graph DSMMM 0.19 0.01 0.02 0.78 +man-machine understanding TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.00 0.04 +beam-search TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.10 +luw-eiw tradeoff TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.10 0.05 +dictionary term lookup TechTool 0.59 0.01 0.00 0.39 +word linking TechTool 0.57 0.02 0.05 0.37 +vocabulary recognition other 0.30 0.19 0.38 0.13 +data summarisation TechTool 0.39 0.35 0.23 0.02 +apa corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +dialog act decoding TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.01 +cue occurrence Linguistics 0.18 0.52 0.16 0.15 +cross-lingual identification TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.01 +vowel-annotated text Linguistics 0.03 0.88 0.09 0.00 +context-independent approximate word match TechTool 0.62 0.02 0.02 0.34 +discourse annotation process other 0.07 0.00 0.93 0.00 +language unigram frequency DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +military logistical transportation planning TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.04 0.00 +document reranking TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.02 0.03 +nominals Linguistics 0.19 0.49 0.26 0.06 +dependency reconstruction TechTool 0.67 0.01 0.08 0.24 +phrase termination TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.09 +unsupervised dependency parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +abstraction summarization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +tiffs strategy TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +gemini natural language processing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +full-text indexing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +binning method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +voice editing TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.27 0.01 +focus detection TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.24 0.07 +systematic research other 0.26 0.03 0.71 0.00 +ltag grammar extraction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +genitiv TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +route planning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +type parser TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +semantic conjecture DSMMM 0.25 0.03 0.29 0.43 +functional analysis TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.01 +rst-based parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +multi-participant dialog TechTool 0.60 0.26 0.14 0.00 +domain-specific thesaurus Linguistics 0.35 0.62 0.03 0.00 +lexical-syntactic form Linguistics 0.06 0.54 0.39 0.00 +annotation aide TechTool 0.69 0.03 0.28 0.00 +analysis TechTool 0.71 0.07 0.17 0.05 +edge DSMMM 0.19 0.07 0.18 0.56 +language processiug TechTool 0.63 0.12 0.12 0.13 +pos tagging problem other 0.38 0.00 0.62 0.00 +island processing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +sense translation TechTool 0.62 0.33 0.05 0.00 +unification technique TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +whole-part relation other 0.02 0.06 0.92 0.01 +interlingua representation TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.11 +sc prediction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.14 0.13 +language processing technology TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.00 +clause modification TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +n-best parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +surface utterance other 0.00 0.01 0.91 0.07 +synonym set Linguistics 0.01 0.63 0.34 0.03 +unpacking parse TechTool 0.79 0.10 0.02 0.10 +multiple predicate learning TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.04 0.00 +theorem Linguistics 0.20 0.47 0.25 0.08 +english dependency Linguistics 0.08 0.72 0.09 0.10 +iterative reading TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.01 +foundational ontology Linguistics 0.30 0.64 0.05 0.01 +catalan Linguistics 0.23 0.54 0.19 0.05 +emotional expression other 0.00 0.01 0.53 0.46 +english ie annotation TechTool 0.87 0.02 0.11 0.00 +nl database TechTool 0.73 0.20 0.06 0.01 +distributional similarity scheme TechTool 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.47 +syntactic unit Linguistics 0.30 0.34 0.15 0.21 +prosodic modelling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.03 +culminated process other 0.02 0.00 0.98 0.00 +lexical chains construction other 0.40 0.00 0.60 0.00 +grammar-based bracketing TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.15 +asr error correction TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +chinese news categorization Linguistics 0.14 0.85 0.01 0.00 +supervised model TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.28 +resource-frugal approach TechTool 0.94 0.05 0.01 0.01 +german corpus Linguistics 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 +similarity computation DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.78 +syntactic category Linguistics 0.10 0.66 0.18 0.06 +two-stage packing\/unpacking TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +entity coreference TechTool 0.77 0.02 0.13 0.08 +rhizomatic environment other 0.22 0.19 0.53 0.06 +rule-based loanword extraction TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +word count DSMMM 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.90 +optimal strategy search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.02 +coreference classifier TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +cutoff DSMMM 0.20 0.10 0.17 0.54 +probabilistic segmentation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +interactive text retrieval TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +synchronous treeadjoining grammar TechTool 0.91 0.08 0.00 0.01 +naturm language Linguistics 0.07 0.83 0.08 0.03 +sentence-level discourse structure DSMMM 0.09 0.07 0.13 0.71 +macro debugging TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +svm implementation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +English sentence structure DSMMM 0.09 0.36 0.04 0.52 +inversion procedure TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +mhz pentium processor TechTool 0.70 0.29 0.00 0.01 +cyclic structure TechTool 0.49 0.06 0.31 0.14 +user relevance feedback other 0.13 0.00 0.78 0.09 +statistical ranking TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +citizen-to-administration interaction TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +sentence level stress DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.19 0.78 +distributed grammar development TechTool 0.69 0.00 0.29 0.02 +dg paraphrasing TechTool 0.87 0.04 0.01 0.08 +verbal predicate Linguistics 0.00 0.84 0.16 0.00 +context vector TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.02 0.13 +stack-valued feature DSMMM 0.39 0.03 0.08 0.49 +line splitting and justification other 0.48 0.00 0.49 0.02 +pseudoword-based evaluation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.01 0.18 +explicit word boundary TechTool 0.76 0.03 0.21 0.00 +word classification TechTool 0.92 0.04 0.01 0.04 +context processing TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.00 +3d animation renderer TechTool 0.88 0.03 0.06 0.03 +meronym Linguistics 0.25 0.43 0.25 0.07 +entailment other 0.25 0.18 0.39 0.18 +geographic information other 0.01 0.00 0.98 0.01 +object class Linguistics 0.00 0.62 0.10 0.29 +reasoning mechanism TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.16 0.00 +speech interaction other 0.23 0.00 0.75 0.01 +maximal answer DSMMM 0.12 0.26 0.02 0.61 +grammar maintenance TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.06 +1-nearest neighbor cbl TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.04 0.02 +mixture order other 0.16 0.00 0.82 0.02 +bioscience text Linguistics 0.01 0.62 0.37 0.00 +field extraction TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 +segment retrieval TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.08 +definition generation process TechTool 0.56 0.00 0.44 0.00 +automated question answering TechTool 0.91 0.01 0.07 0.00 +event generation TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +k-means training TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.01 +recursive-search TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +reading comprehension TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.08 0.01 +query-dependent summarization TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.03 +natural language software TechTool 0.76 0.09 0.15 0.00 +counting scheme TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +information mapping other 0.36 0.00 0.63 0.00 +natural evaluation TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.01 +standard arabic Linguistics 0.16 0.82 0.02 0.01 +participant role detection TechTool 0.86 0.02 0.12 0.00 +lr table other 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.49 +corpus windowing Linguistics 0.19 0.78 0.00 0.03 +belief propagation TechTool 0.83 0.00 0.12 0.05 +boolean matrix TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.05 +errordetection TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +statistical system TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +adaptative statistical language modeling TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +term-formation TechTool 0.71 0.11 0.01 0.16 +ccg category TechTool 0.40 0.35 0.19 0.07 +machine learning techniques TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +multi-article summarization TechTool 0.83 0.17 0.01 0.00 +xtag english grammar TechTool 0.63 0.36 0.01 0.00 +term translation DSMMM 0.15 0.25 0.01 0.59 +randomized graph-clustering TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +bi-directional parsing TechTool 0.82 0.00 0.00 0.18 +em bootstrapping TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +n-gram estimation TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.28 +cover search TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.01 0.42 +inquery system TechTool 0.99 0.01 0.00 0.00 +the document understanding TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.02 0.01 +stein method TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +document clustering and projection TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.21 +infoprmation distribution DSMMM 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.40 +linear ordexing TechTool 0.71 0.11 0.11 0.08 +comlex TechTool 0.81 0.05 0.07 0.06 +deep lexical acquisition TechTool 0.80 0.03 0.18 0.00 +x_bar TechTool 0.46 0.09 0.12 0.33 +hebrew treebank Linguistics 0.08 0.91 0.00 0.00 +boundary recognition TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +part-of-speech induction TechTool 0.94 0.01 0.04 0.00 +english candidate translation TechTool 0.47 0.45 0.04 0.03 +sentence tokenization TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.01 0.06 +back-off parameter DSMMM 0.23 0.00 0.01 0.75 +citation information other 0.04 0.01 0.94 0.01 +audio indexing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 +wsj tagging TechTool 0.89 0.07 0.02 0.02 +plagiarism detection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.01 +pos bigram TechTool 0.41 0.17 0.00 0.41 +personal experience Linguistics 0.00 0.59 0.41 0.00 +learning schema TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +word association DSMMM 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.62 +automatic performance evaluation DSMMM 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.91 +lexical dependency parsing TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.03 0.01 +syntactic categories Linguistics 0.01 0.86 0.12 0.01 +silnulatcd annealing TechTool 0.65 0.06 0.22 0.06 +openwindows calendar manager TechTool 0.85 0.08 0.07 0.00 +multitiered nonlinear morphology TechTool 0.56 0.32 0.10 0.02 +ie pattern acquisition TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.00 +stream-based information retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +lexicalized structure Linguistics 0.14 0.67 0.14 0.05 +short answer analysis TechTool 0.68 0.00 0.29 0.03 +typeface selection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +lemma-tag representation TechTool 0.83 0.03 0.03 0.12 +linguistic string parser TechTool 0.92 0.07 0.00 0.01 +formal theory Linguistics 0.03 0.54 0.41 0.01 +linguistics-based technique TechTool 0.83 0.02 0.01 0.13 +speech synthesiser other 0.34 0.16 0.47 0.04 +function parsing TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +prefixspan pruning TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.01 0.09 +syntactic frame TechTool 0.55 0.42 0.02 0.01 +tag sequence grammar TechTool 0.54 0.43 0.03 0.00 +czech corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.00 0.01 +approximate string match DSMMM 0.44 0.00 0.01 0.55 +penn-treebank Linguistics 0.22 0.75 0.03 0.00 +linguistic feature TechTool 0.70 0.07 0.08 0.14 +sense assessment TechTool 0.70 0.01 0.26 0.03 +korean sejong treebank Linguistics 0.06 0.92 0.01 0.01 +n-best word segmentation TechTool 0.86 0.06 0.07 0.01 +functional unification grammars TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +tag disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.00 +character clustering TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +background knowledge development other 0.10 0.01 0.89 0.00 +temporal expression analysis TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +mental model DSMMM 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.95 +tag Linguistics 0.34 0.38 0.19 0.08 +stochastic tree-to-tree transducer TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.00 0.15 +noun classifier associations Linguistics 0.32 0.59 0.00 0.09 +spread activation TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.09 0.39 +topic indexing TechTool 0.98 0.01 0.01 0.01 +extraction evaluation TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.09 +logic-based grammar TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.00 0.03 +similarity metrics DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.98 +m-th order Markov chain model TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.06 0.13 +backtracking parsing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +nonhierarchical clustering TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.00 0.05 +constituents lexicon Linguistics 0.00 0.92 0.07 0.01 +tree adjoining grammars TechTool 0.88 0.10 0.01 0.01 +crawling TechTool 0.63 0.09 0.21 0.07 +sentence ambiguity other 0.05 0.00 0.61 0.33 +speech recognit TechTool 0.45 0.16 0.19 0.20 +waripiri TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +word meaning Linguistics 0.01 0.91 0.03 0.05 +hypertext navigation TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.11 0.00 +discourse-level inference TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +analysis assignment TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +segmentation tool TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.05 0.00 +subject drop other 0.00 0.25 0.47 0.29 +turbulence signal other 0.10 0.01 0.59 0.31 +type induction TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +generalization hierarchy DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.03 0.83 +probability redistribution DSMMM 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.97 +wordtranslation TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +probability reranking DSMMM 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 +argument identification performance DSMMM 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.91 +similarity-based estimation TechTool 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.34 +training samples Linguistics 0.02 0.86 0.01 0.11 +statistical phrase generation TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +selection operator TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +randomization test DSMMM 0.09 0.19 0.02 0.70 +question segmentation TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +tile neuro tagger TechTool 0.95 0.01 0.04 0.00 +probabilistic optical character recognition TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.06 +corpus-based research TechTool 0.53 0.39 0.07 0.01 +translation table other 0.00 0.03 0.50 0.47 +information extraction TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 +language interpretation and understanding TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.15 0.05 +real-time speech understanding TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.08 0.02 +automatic text processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.01 0.00 +relation detection TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.01 +spelling checker TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.00 +motif detection TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +heuristic test selection TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +dictionary Linguistics 0.15 0.65 0.15 0.06 +visual processing TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.21 0.00 +language generation program TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.05 0.01 +sentence-plan-ranker ( spr ) TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.01 0.09 +training scoring TechTool 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.18 +phonological information other 0.01 0.02 0.97 0.00 +kernel pca model TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.40 +separation margin DSMMM 0.25 0.00 0.03 0.72 +ntcir1 tmrec test collection Linguistics 0.08 0.80 0.08 0.03 +focus assignment system TechTool 0.86 0.01 0.11 0.02 +discourse referent Linguistics 0.04 0.68 0.28 0.00 +fiat matching TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.01 0.08 +conversation Linguistics 0.14 0.41 0.38 0.08 +ne phrase extraction TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.00 0.15 +anaphora planning TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.07 0.00 +monolingual ucg TechTool 0.81 0.16 0.02 0.01 +n-gram language model DSMMM 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.96 +linear order TechTool 0.60 0.00 0.40 0.00 +unification-based lexicalism TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +automatic conversion TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.13 0.00 +noun sequence extraction TechTool 0.76 0.23 0.00 0.00 +synthetic noise other 0.26 0.00 0.59 0.15 +weka TechTool 0.74 0.08 0.12 0.06 +beam-search parsing TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.08 +global phrase extraction TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +accent Linguistics 0.15 0.47 0.29 0.10 +ace entity detection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.04 0.03 +partial tagger TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +client-server communication TechTool 0.53 0.00 0.47 0.00 +spanish-english training corpora Linguistics 0.03 0.96 0.00 0.01 +syntactic level other 0.00 0.01 0.67 0.33 +sentence parsing TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.20 +map training DSMMM 0.33 0.13 0.06 0.47 +incremental grammar TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +lpc synthesis TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.20 0.01 +summary coherence DSMMM 0.08 0.03 0.25 0.64 +language processing space TechTool 0.39 0.00 0.34 0.27 +finite-state grammar induction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +em gaussian initialization TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +bayesian subnet TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.01 0.02 +constituent Linguistics 0.20 0.47 0.22 0.11 +bmm checking TechTool 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.30 +pragmatic meaning Linguistics 0.16 0.81 0.03 0.01 +arabic text Linguistics 0.01 0.73 0.26 0.00 +generative modelling TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.04 0.07 +progressive meaning Linguistics 0.05 0.89 0.06 0.01 +genetic progranmfing TechTool 0.93 0.02 0.05 0.00 +top-down comparison TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.02 0.07 +bilingual bracketing TechTool 0.85 0.06 0.01 0.08 +anaphora resolution algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +goi-taikei ontology TechTool 0.51 0.42 0.01 0.06 +kolmogorov complexity DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.56 +aspectual corpus analysis Linguistics 0.41 0.55 0.02 0.02 +wsd neural network TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.00 0.06 +principled learning TechTool 0.92 0.00 0.08 0.00 +beam search recognition TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.03 +propositional representation TechTool 0.78 0.00 0.01 0.22 +probability density function DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +gaussian mixture models DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.88 +pitch tracking DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.15 0.49 +cortmo telecommumcauon TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +word adjacency information other 0.01 0.05 0.68 0.26 +aligned parallel corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.99 0.01 0.00 +retrieval query TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +generalised iterative scaling TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.02 0.03 +error identification and recovery TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.11 0.02 +long distance constraint DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.49 0.50 +expression searching TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.27 +subject-verb inversion Linguistics 0.02 0.77 0.20 0.01 +analogical translation TechTool 0.83 0.07 0.07 0.03 +two-fold cross-validation TechTool 0.96 0.01 0.03 0.00 +set membership Linguistics 0.20 0.51 0.19 0.10 +language interpretation TechTool 0.68 0.02 0.18 0.11 +word sense disamblguation TechTool 0.58 0.34 0.04 0.04 +parallel text processing TechTool 0.94 0.04 0.02 0.00 +opennlp package TechTool 0.93 0.01 0.04 0.02 +logical formula DSMMM 0.49 0.00 0.01 0.50 +pruning threshold DSMMM 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.89 +documentation generator TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +multi-engine machine translation TechTool 0.96 0.02 0.02 0.00 +cache TechTool 0.60 0.15 0.15 0.10 +markov modelin g TechTool 0.59 0.39 0.01 0.02 +enquiry processing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.04 0.00 +adverb type information other 0.03 0.03 0.94 0.00 +exp-loss function DSMMM 0.36 0.05 0.07 0.51 +interoperability other 0.06 0.10 0.63 0.21 +words Linguistics 0.04 0.65 0.20 0.11 +linguistics research other 0.01 0.49 0.50 0.00 +appropriate compression model TechTool 0.62 0.00 0.00 0.38 +classification accuracy DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 +graphical representation TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.02 0.04 +annotation support TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +ccg realization TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.01 +asr stop-list TechTool 0.65 0.29 0.05 0.01 +verb class ambiguity other 0.02 0.07 0.90 0.01 +word dictionary Linguistics 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.04 +japanese ellipsis resolution TechTool 0.87 0.12 0.01 0.00 +semantic role detection TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +tree deletion TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.06 0.09 +distribution-based clustering TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.36 +lexical chains other 0.16 0.02 0.81 0.01 +sql query TechTool 0.91 0.02 0.01 0.07 +phonotactic model training TechTool 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.27 +rst discourse treebank Linguistics 0.10 0.85 0.05 0.00 +information-extraction TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +bottom-up local multisequence alignment TechTool 0.82 0.01 0.01 0.16 +string edit distance DSMMM 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.95 +well-formed substring other 0.33 0.14 0.53 0.01 +atis treebank Linguistics 0.09 0.88 0.01 0.01 +case role value DSMMM 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.87 +concept definition \ TechTool 0.78 0.16 0.00 0.06 +feature covariation TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.10 0.09 +context articulation other 0.23 0.00 0.76 0.01 +e-k alignment TechTool 0.50 0.01 0.48 0.00 +inter-annotator agreement DSMMM 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.80 +activity decay TechTool 0.37 0.00 0.30 0.33 +sinica corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.98 0.01 0.01 +causative-inchoative alternation TechTool 0.59 0.09 0.31 0.01 +kb server other 0.47 0.05 0.47 0.00 +parallel bilingual corpus Linguistics 0.01 0.98 0.00 0.01 +formal language notation TechTool 0.49 0.20 0.22 0.09 +inference path TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.08 0.07 +conditional expression DSMMM 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.85 +sense annotation algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +confidence scoring DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.59 +spoken language dialogue Linguistics 0.13 0.61 0.25 0.01 +greedy algorithm TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pruning performance DSMMM 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 +lexical cohesion recognition TechTool 0.73 0.00 0.27 0.00 +template translation model DSMMM 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.63 +objective translation other 0.28 0.10 0.60 0.02 +case-slot gapping TechTool 0.66 0.04 0.20 0.10 +mixture weight adaptation TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +tagging algorithm TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +semantic head-driven generation TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.12 0.01 +segmentation problem other 0.32 0.00 0.68 0.00 +model integration TechTool 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.16 +constraint prvpagation TechTool 0.57 0.10 0.23 0.10 +rule pattern TechTool 0.77 0.00 0.15 0.08 +lexical chain algorithm TechTool 0.93 0.00 0.06 0.00 +querycollectionlndex TechTool 0.64 0.12 0.12 0.12 +natural language processing applications TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.12 0.00 +hard-clustering TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.02 +reading comprehension system TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.00 +corpus refinement Linguistics 0.18 0.81 0.01 0.00 +case grammar TechTool 0.62 0.02 0.01 0.35 +query translation TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.03 0.06 +definite clause grammar TechTool 0.58 0.41 0.01 0.00 +error localization DSMMM 0.41 0.00 0.11 0.48 +noisy channel DSMMM 0.21 0.00 0.10 0.69 +hits induction TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.09 0.01 +speaker identity other 0.04 0.00 0.87 0.08 +contextual search TechTool 0.94 0.00 0.01 0.06 +linguistic option evaluation TechTool 0.82 0.05 0.04 0.09 +chart parsing TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.03 0.00 +wsd evaluation methodology TechTool 0.73 0.01 0.04 0.22 +object-oriented modeling TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.04 0.03 +nuance toolkit TechTool 0.92 0.02 0.06 0.00 +representation technology TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +table addressing other 0.00 0.00 0.61 0.39 +event identification model TechTool 0.71 0.00 0.00 0.29 +web pages Linguistics 0.00 0.50 0.08 0.42 +meaning representation TechTool 0.80 0.05 0.02 0.13 +titech corpus Linguistics 0.00 0.96 0.01 0.03 +qa process other 0.08 0.00 0.91 0.00 +entity-oriented language definition other 0.28 0.04 0.57 0.11 +paradigm extension TechTool 0.85 0.01 0.14 0.01 +human judgement other 0.04 0.09 0.85 0.02 +search pruning TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.12 +weighted automata TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.02 0.19 +syntactic relationship other 0.05 0.00 0.90 0.06 +cross-document coreference TechTool 0.89 0.06 0.04 0.01 +genre classification TechTool 0.76 0.21 0.02 0.01 +lexicon pruning TechTool 0.91 0.04 0.00 0.05 +sentence disambiguation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.01 0.01 +saturation other 0.18 0.06 0.69 0.07 +glcm parameter estimation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.01 0.15 +context-free language recognition TechTool 0.86 0.00 0.14 0.00 +free-running text TechTool 0.89 0.02 0.08 0.00 +sequential computer TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.10 0.01 +text structure similarities other 0.01 0.03 0.85 0.11 +probability reestimation and interpolation TechTool 0.76 0.00 0.01 0.23 +corpus-based supervised machine learning TechTool 0.93 0.05 0.01 0.01 +searching TechTool 0.54 0.09 0.26 0.10 +preposition Linguistics 0.18 0.59 0.16 0.07 +m-gram decoding TechTool 0.88 0.00 0.03 0.09 +leaf DSMMM 0.27 0.18 0.19 0.37 +combinational logic TechTool 0.95 0.00 0.04 0.00 +pashto Linguistics 0.32 0.40 0.22 0.06 +annotation graphs TechTool 0.49 0.00 0.02 0.48 +multilingual document authoring TechTool 0.89 0.05 0.07 0.00 +selnantic-based transfer TechTool 0.89 0.00 0.01 0.10 +inferring finite-state TechTool 0.79 0.00 0.20 0.00 +automatic coreference resolution TechTool 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 +pp alignment TechTool 0.95 0.05 0.01 0.00 +error recovery handler TechTool 0.91 0.00 0.06 0.03 +reference model DSMMM 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.85 +nlp knowledge base other 0.19 0.08 0.72 0.00 +probabilistic finite-state TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.09 0.01 +cml optimization TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.01 0.02 +formal logic TechTool 0.90 0.03 0.07 0.00 +loose segmentation TechTool 0.98 0.00 0.02 0.00 +automatic corpus correction TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 +annotating information structure TechTool 0.50 0.00 0.49 0.01 +intercoder agreement DSMMM 0.01 0.03 0.18 0.78 +graph unillcation TechTool 0.54 0.08 0.09 0.29 +protein name recognition TechTool 0.86 0.08 0.05 0.01 +semantic role label Linguistics 0.13 0.62 0.25 0.01 +cross-language analysis TechTool 0.89 0.01 0.08 0.02 +similaritymeasure TechTool 0.61 0.12 0.14 0.13 +functional surface word DSMMM 0.05 0.31 0.20 0.44 +foreign language training Linguistics 0.38 0.41 0.19 0.02 +content-model-based summarization TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 +sentence-level anaphora TechTool 0.38 0.13 0.20 0.30 +generalized hebbian algorithm TechTool 0.97 0.00 0.02 0.02 +information mining TechTool 0.57 0.00 0.43 0.00 +cross-language resource projection DSMMM 0.30 0.06 0.15 0.49 +rule-learuing TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +fine-grained scoring TechTool 0.87 0.00 0.09 0.04 +human reader scoring DSMMM 0.12 0.00 0.15 0.72 +goodness-of-fit test TechTool 0.40 0.27 0.01 0.32 +training text Linguistics 0.01 0.89 0.09 0.00 +domain ontology Linguistics 0.08 0.79 0.10 0.02 +element bracketing TechTool 0.82 0.02 0.13 0.03 +evolutionary computing TechTool 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.36 +guided search idea TechTool 0.80 0.00 0.17 0.03 +coordinate conjunction Linguistics 0.36 0.64 0.00 0.00 +sparse data problem other 0.03 0.00 0.95 0.02 +finite state machines TechTool 0.75 0.00 0.24 0.00 +kernel evaluation TechTool 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.15 +term subset coupling DSMMM 0.13 0.23 0.05 0.59 +decision list TechTool 0.70 0.07 0.22 0.00 +monotonic translation TechTool 0.94 0.02 0.02 0.02 +pp-attachment ambiguity TechTool 0.87 0.01 0.12 0.01 +tikhonov regularization TechTool 0.48 0.18 0.26 0.08 +fluent communication other 0.28 0.00 0.71 0.00 +bitext word alignment TechTool 0.53 0.30 0.01 0.16 +large-scale treebank-creation TechTool 0.95 0.03 0.01 0.02 +clusters identiflcation Linguistics 0.02 0.85 0.02 0.11 +coarse word sense Linguistics 0.33 0.46 0.11 0.10 +category level other 0.00 0.01 0.51 0.48 +text-based information retrieval TechTool 0.96 0.00 0.03 0.01 +full-text document retrieval TechTool 0.97 0.02 0.00 0.00 +rule implementation TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.10 0.00 +proper noun ontology Linguistics 0.08 0.90 0.01 0.01 +extra-linguistic communication TechTool 0.82 0.03 0.15 0.00 +dialogue modelling TechTool 0.90 0.00 0.07 0.03 +grammar processing TechTool 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.01 +singular nominatives other 0.17 0.38 0.42 0.02 From ad32eb36d3b9f089c920e935b61f25e919dbfc2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 14:32:48 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 2/8] Started readme --- README.md | 10 + data/{ => training}/classes_for_training.tsv | 2980 +- .../classes_for_training_23nov.tsv | 0 .../classes_for_training_coarse.tsv | 2978 +- data/{ => training}/embedmodel.txt | 0 data/{ => training}/non_annotated_terms.txt | 45958 ++++++++-------- data/{ => training}/other_relabel.txt | 0 data/{ => training}/paths_brown1000_acl.tsv | 0 8 files changed, 25968 insertions(+), 25958 deletions(-) rename data/{ => training}/classes_for_training.tsv (96%) rename data/{ => training}/classes_for_training_23nov.tsv (100%) rename data/{ => training}/classes_for_training_coarse.tsv (96%) rename data/{ => training}/embedmodel.txt (100%) rename data/{ => training}/non_annotated_terms.txt (95%) rename data/{ => training}/other_relabel.txt (100%) rename data/{ => training}/paths_brown1000_acl.tsv (100%) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 62b38ba..c24c10f 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,2 +1,12 @@ # complingterm Comp Ling Term + +This repository contains the materials for a coarse-grained classification of computational linguistics terms into semantic classes. The repository structure is as follows: + +* data + * training: Contains term lists and semantic classes used for training. Terms and classes were initially taken from the [ACL RD-TEC v. 1 and 2] (http://pars.ie/lr/acl_rd-tec). Some instances of the large "other" category were relabeled and classes were merged to larger coarse-grained classes. The resulting classes are: + * DSMMM: data structures, mathematics, models, measurements + * TechTool: technologies and tools + * Linguistics: linguistic theories, linguistic units, language resources, language resource products + * Remaining other +* src \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/classes_for_training.tsv b/data/training/classes_for_training.tsv similarity index 96% rename from data/classes_for_training.tsv rename to data/training/classes_for_training.tsv index f0d7191..0ad098c 100644 --- a/data/classes_for_training.tsv +++ b/data/training/classes_for_training.tsv @@ -1,1490 +1,1490 @@ -Natural Language Processing other 1 -left corner parsing algorithm tech 1 -bootstrapping approach tech 1 -cohesive text other 1 -disambiguation process other 1 -character and word error rate measure 1 -Web-based computer-assisted academic writing tech 1 -LFG other 1 -block unigram model model 1 -referential information other 1 -constraint other 1 -trees other 1 -RAREAS tool 2 -honorifics other 3 -noun group other 1 -Simulated annealing approach tech 1 -word strings other 1 -Category Cooccurrence Restrictions ( CCRs ) other 1 -average precision measure 1 -hidden Markov models ( HMM ) other 1 -text-understanding systems tech 1 -language processing modules tech 1 -learning algorithm tech 1 -reference problems other 1 -sentence co-occurrences other 1 -paraphrase classification accuracy measure 1 -Non Verbal and Multimodal Communication other 1 -large database other 1 -identification of paraphrases tech 1 -statistical machine translation tool kit tech 1 -word set based representation other 1 -intentional structure other 2 -corpora lr 3 -RCG other 1 -expressions other 1 -speaker adaptation ( SA ) tech 1 -miscommunication other 2 -decision tree tech 1 -Czech other 2 -homophone other 2 -operational semantics other 1 -human annotated text lr 1 -probabilistic context-free grammars other 1 -object-oriented grammar model model 1 -test corpus lr 1 -clustering algorithm tech 1 -dialogue other 2 -utterance features other 1 -extensional reference other 1 -original document other 1 -semantic frame tech 1 -non-monotonic reasoning tech 1 -computational model other 1 -entity-oriented parser tech 1 -verbal and nonverbal grounding acts other 1 -Heuristic Parsing Model ( HPM ) model 1 -speech processing other 1 -arc other 1 -Chinese-English texts other 1 -average precision metric measure 1 -actor paradigm other 1 -Begin/After tagging tech 1 -MRR measure 1 -LMs model 1 -node structures other 1 -word tokens other 1 -translation process other 1 -error reduction other 1 -argumentation system tech 1 -spelling-checkers tech 2 -linguistic expressiveness other 1 -rhetorical functions other 1 -logical formulas other 1 -unsupervised technique tech 1 -rule-based systems tech 1 -word-based trigram language model model 1 -human-machine interactions other 1 -story link detection tech 1 -concurrent computation model tech 1 -dialogue duration other 1 -SPoT tool 2 -qualitative spatial constraints other 1 -grammatical formalisms other 1 -dependency structure other 1 -context other 2 -Treebank lr 1 -computation model model 1 -SMT tech 4 -concurrency tech 1 -semantic constraints other 1 -disjunctive feature structures other 1 -named entities other 1 -graphs other 1 -Node-based inference tech 1 -recall measure 3 -subtopic boundaries other 1 -Bayesian learning tech 1 -Japanese kanji-kana characters other 1 -trigram language model model 1 -forward-backward algorithm tech 1 -discourse other 12 -NIST evaluation metric measure 1 -Machine Translation tech 1 -phrasal and single word lexical paraphrases other 1 -heuristic learning tech 1 -concurrency of computation tech 1 -transfer mappings other 1 -comma checker tech 1 -word vectors other 1 -spoken language system tech 1 -user modeling systems tech 1 -sentence plan other 1 -statistical machine translation system tech 2 -Paramax spoken language understanding system tool 1 -dictionary lr 4 -unknown word features other 1 -source dependency parse other 1 -dependency grammars other 1 -MLE reestimation algorithms tech 1 -computer system tech 1 -disjunctions other 2 -SI recognition tech 1 -part-of-speech tagger tech 2 -surface representation other 1 -maximum-entropy model model 1 -word dependent substitution costs other 1 -predictive questioning tech 1 -Arabic word segmenter tech 1 -spoken dialogue systems tech 3 -spoken language corpus lr 1 -ambiguity handling other 1 -adaptive dynamic word formation tech 1 -vocabulary lr 1 -Similarity-driven Transfer System ( SimTran ) tech 1 -predicates other 1 -fully-connected first-order statistical class grammar other 1 -evaluation measures measure 3 -WSI algorithm tech 1 -automatic alignments other 1 -frame semantics paradigm other 1 -dialogue corpora lr 1 -statistical approaches tech 1 -Word Identification other 1 -generative probabilistic optical character recognition ( OCR ) model model 1 -parsing strategies tech 1 -document summarization tech 1 -RCL parsers tech 1 -resource-frugal approach tech 1 -answering agents tech 3 -machine translation tech 8 -dependency trees other 1 -free indexation algorithm tech 1 -Path-based inference rules other 1 -word-dependent substitution costs other 1 -Slavonic languages other 1 -edit operation tech 1 -knowledgebases lr 1 -language learning other 1 -principle-and-parameters language framework other 1 -free indexation other 1 -parallel data other 1 -search engine tech 1 -natural language interface tech 2 -defeasible reasoning other 1 -entity-oriented language definition other 1 -phrasal translation other 1 -syntax-based constraint other 1 -nodes other 3 -translation quality measure 3 -Korean Phonology Structure Grammar ( KPSG ) other 1 -path-based inference rules other 1 -translation probabilities other 1 -structural disambiguation tech 1 -dynamic language model combination tech 1 -abductive inference tech 1 -bigram language model model 1 -alignment algorithm tech 1 -probabilistic parser tech 1 -non-constituent coordination other 1 -listener other 4 -pronoun other 1 -continuous speech recognition tech 1 -SENSEVAL-2 nouns other 1 -compound noun other 1 -translation candidates other 1 -Wall Street Journal text corpus lr-prod 1 -management of uncertainty tech 1 -syntactically motivated phrases other 1 -keywords other 1 -English words other 1 -local phrase re-ordering other 1 -sentence-aligned parallel corpus lr 1 -packed parse forests other 1 -CSR pilot corpus lr-prod 1 -n-gram models model 1 -Syllogistic reasoning with dispositions tech 1 -LTAG other 2 -Dynamic Grammars other 1 -parallel corpus lr 2 -data structure other 1 -unsupervised learning algorithm tech 1 -analysis tech 1 -CFG filtering techniques tech 1 -eye gaze other 1 -error characters other 1 -machine learning approach tech 1 -log-linear ( maximum-entropy ) models tech 1 -intelligent interactive systems tech 1 -predicate-argument structures other 2 -SENSEVAL-2 English lexical sample task other 1 -Penn Treebank WSJ lr-prod 1 -segment boundaries other 1 -quality measure 1 -syntactic paraphrases other 1 -non-contiguous phrases other 1 -voting- and arbiter-based combination strategies tech 1 -sentence scoping tech 1 -Augmented Case Marker System tech 1 -RINA tool 1 -index other 1 -chunks other 1 -concepts other 1 -function words other 1 -broad coverage lexicon lr 1 -decision tree based approach tech 1 -interaction requirements other 1 -parallelism other 1 -determiners other 2 -syntactic disambiguation tech 1 -highly inflected languages other 1 -average retrieval times other 1 -translation system tech 1 -confidence measures measure 1 -skilled users other 1 -POURPRE measure 2 -bilingual parallel corpus lr 1 -structured natural language data other 1 -addressee other 1 -supervised and unsupervised methods tech 1 -human plausible reasoning other 1 -pre-tagged corpus lr 1 -corpus other 1 -expert systems tech 1 -utterance classification performance measure 1 -source language sentences other 1 -CCR formalism other 1 -head-orientation tech 1 -language understanding tech 2 -maximum likelihood criterion other 1 -attentional state other 4 -non-parallel corpus lr 1 -word other 2 -clustering methods tech 1 -isomorphic derivations other 1 -language neutral meaning representation tech 1 -comparable , non-parallel corpora lr 1 -TAGs other 3 -IDUS ( Intelligent Document Understanding System ) tool 1 -Resource Management ( RM ) corpus lr-prod 1 -Arabic word segmentation system tech 1 -Unification Categorial Grammar ( UCG ) other 1 -highly inflective languages other 1 -disposition other 4 -main parser tech 1 -HBG model other 1 -spoken language understanding tech 1 -annotating scheme other 1 -LSA-based and the cooccurrence-based word vectors other 1 -structured data other 2 -unification tech 1 -Augmented Transition Network tech 1 -nonverbal behaviors other 1 -pronouns other 1 -phrase-based translation model model 1 -SMT algorithms tech 1 -human interaction with data sources tech 1 -tagger tech 2 -parse trees other 1 -ambiguities other 2 -input other 1 -Explicitation other 1 -decoder tech 1 -head nods other 1 -recognition network other 1 -scenario templates other 1 -fuzzy syllogism other 1 -clusters other 1 -reference sets other 2 -multi-level answer resolution algorithm tech 1 -syntactic information other 1 -clauses other 2 -transition other 1 -lexical hierarchy other 1 -similarity other 2 -word N-gram models model 1 -key prediction tech 1 -grounding other 1 -morphemes other 1 -log-linear and linear interpolation tech 1 -semantic questions other 1 -statistically fitted rule-based model tech 1 -editing terms other 1 -associative processors ( APs ) tech 1 -word alignment tech 1 -N-grams model 1 -distributed message-passing infrastructure tech 1 -bag-of-words methods tech 1 -Horn logic program other 1 -separation margin other 1 -logic other 3 -world knowledge other 2 -exact match accuracy measure 1 -affix removal tech 1 -Source and Target languages other 1 -Roget's Thesaurus lr-prod 1 -Wall Street Journal treebank other 1 -domain entities other 1 -sentence plans other 1 -Japanese texts other 1 -ranking rules model 1 -user utterances other 1 -web other 1 -text other 4 -references other 1 -lexical substitutions other 2 -phrasal SMT tech 1 -statistical systems tech 1 -CARE tool 1 -document understanding technology tech 1 -syntax-based decoder tech 1 -kernel function tech 1 -retrieval tech 1 -Arabic-English translation task other 1 -alignment quality measure 1 -Interactive Machine Translation tech 1 -TAG other 1 -BU recognition system lr 1 -need other 1 -learner tech 1 -word n-grams other 1 -semantic-head-driven generation tech 1 -interface tech 2 -graphical model tech 1 -paraphrase probability other 1 -word sense disambigation models tech 1 -automatic evaluation measures measure 1 -reranking task other 1 -meta-inference types other 1 -temporal relations other 1 -linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge other 1 -translations other 1 -text-plan input other 1 -learning other 1 -Spanish other 1 -coordination other 1 -lexical-syntactic forms other 1 -English coordinate structure analysis model tech 1 -document processing tech 1 -fonts other 1 -syntactic analysis tech 1 -Switchboard dialogues other 1 -vector space model other 1 -verb group other 1 -TGE tool 1 -ensemble methods tech 1 -APT tool 1 -Korean phonological knowledge base system lr 1 -Discourse processing tech 1 -strings other 1 -dialogue state other 1 -bottom-up pattern-matching parser tech 1 -automatic parse-based evaluation tech 1 -referring expressions other 2 -translation output other 1 -word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) models tech 1 -saturation other 1 -unification-based grammar parsing tech 1 -user's informational goals other 1 -documents other 1 -commas other 2 -vagueness other 1 -machine translation outputs other 2 -IE paradigm other 1 -dependency network representation other 1 -histogram other 1 -dialog other 1 -cyclic structures other 1 -verb other 2 -logical well-formedness conditions other 1 -similarity measure measure 1 -translation systems tech 1 -NLP techniques tech 2 -test-score semantics other 1 -new event detection tech 2 -word-trie other 1 -sentence analysis tech 1 -type-unification tech 1 -Boolean conditions other 1 -source texts other 1 -implicit intention component other 1 -BLEU measure 4 -oral communication other 1 -Path-based inference tech 2 -commonsense reasoning tech 1 -dialogue system tech 1 -CMU's SMT system tool 1 -speaker-independent ( SI ) training tech 1 -lexicologists other 1 -segmental k-means algorithm tech 1 -synchronous grammars other 1 -bilingual resource lr 1 -dialog schemata other 1 -grammar lr 4 -generalized LR parsing tech 1 -linguistic databases lr 1 -adaptation tech 1 -contexts other 1 -Head Grammars other 1 -signals other 1 -unification framework tech 1 -multi-document summarization tech 1 -ambiguity other 10 -Generation tech 1 -information sources other 1 -English phrases other 1 -wide coverage English grammar other 1 -attribute sequences other 1 -user other 4 -Arabic other 1 -LOGON MT demonstrator tool 1 -lexical generalizations other 1 -coherence rules other 1 -probabilities other 1 -USR other 1 -phrase-based translation models model 1 -defeasibility other 1 -native from non-native language essays other 1 -rule-based and example based machine translation modules tech 1 -content determination tech 1 -natural language generator tech 1 -HDAGs other 1 -user utterance other 2 -rankings other 1 -weighted sum other 1 -training ( reference ) speaker other 1 -hand-crafted system tech 1 -verb final language other 1 -manually sense-tagged data lr 2 -perspective-taking other 1 -Japanese revision support systems tech 1 -contextual information other 1 -scalability other 1 -unsupervised WSD systems tech 1 -source interval projections other 1 -system output other 1 -stochastic output selection tech 1 -IE-enhanced text browsers tech 1 -Multimedia answers other 1 -dialogue move other 1 -term weighting statistical assignment paradigm tech 1 -substitutions other 1 -ellipses other 1 -path of arcs other 1 -cluster number estimation tech 1 -Sentence planning tech 1 -NOMAD tool 1 -limited domain semantics other 1 -block selection criteria other 1 -RCGs other 1 -transcription errors other 1 -accuracy rate measure 2 -tag contexts other 1 -recognition accuracy measure 1 -verbal interactions other 1 -translation examples other 1 -pattern other 1 -pronominal anaphora resolution module tech 1 -planning-based architecture other 1 -SPR tech 2 -MT systems tech 2 -Translations other 1 -named entity annotations other 1 -restoration other 1 -machine translation task other 1 -hand-crafted template-based or rule-based approaches tech 1 -metaphor interpretation tech 1 -tree other 2 -English understanding system tech 1 -word forms other 1 -text understanding tech 2 -cooccurrence statistics other 1 -Arabic information retrieval tech 1 -approximation error other 1 -part-of-speech tag sequences other 1 -human transcription other 1 -temporal anaphora resolution other 1 -Combination methods tech 1 -Czech-English statistical machine translation system tech 1 -SUMMIT recognizer tool 1 -ECA tech 1 -NIST measure 2 -automatic extraction tech 1 -ranking other 2 -text browser tech 1 -natural language system tech 3 -spoken language understanding system tech 1 -hub other 1 -semantic interpretation other 1 -speech repairs other 1 -dialogue systems tech 2 -reference word string other 1 -Q/A tech 1 -decision tree learning tech 1 -recognition task tech 1 -cooperative responses other 2 -unsupervised component tech 1 -multimedia articulation of answers tech 1 -word fragments other 1 -inference method tech 1 -subjective human judgments other 1 -two-step clustering process tech 1 -probabilistic synchronous dependency insertion grammar other 1 -constituent other 1 -information workers other 1 -Basque other 1 -CSR tech 1 -evaluation techniques tech 1 -word or semantic error rate measure 1 -SMT research community other 1 -edges other 5 -natural language input other 1 -language L other 1 -style other 1 -path other 1 -MUC-3 evaluation other 1 -syntax formalisms other 1 -rewriting systems other 1 -Montague semantics other 2 -classification method tech 1 -learning methodology other 1 -image understanding tech 2 -parsing data other 1 -database query paraphrase tech 1 -dynamic combiner tech 1 -case-based MT ( CBMT ) tech 1 -non-deterministic parsing choices other 1 -concept other 1 -machine readable dictionaries lr 1 -natural language generation community other 1 -word segmentation tech 1 -user satisfaction measure 1 -character other 2 -Japanese homophone errors other 2 -Lexical-Functional Grammars ( LFG ) other 1 -discourse processing algorithms tech 1 -top-down derivation tech 1 -statistical translation model other 1 -supervised training data lr 1 -strength of potential antecedence other 1 -transfer phase tech 1 -word segmentation problem other 2 -dependency relations other 2 -User models model 1 -mixture trigram models model 1 -answer candidates other 1 -interfaces tech 1 -similarity measures other 1 -phrase-based statistical machine translation method tech 1 -Task-based evaluation tech 1 -dialogue acquisition and tracking algorithm tech 1 -vocabulary size other 1 -SYSCONJ system tool 1 -language learning model other 1 -consistency problem other 1 -abstracts other 2 -paraphrase extraction and ranking methods tech 1 -typing-algorithm tech 1 -extraction and conversion rules other 1 -spatial concepts other 1 -relational database tech 1 -entries other 1 -bilingual corpus lr 1 -WSD models tech 4 -example-retrieval ( ER ) tech 1 -training material lr 1 -task-oriented and goal-directed dialogs other 1 -inheritance other 2 -entities other 1 -generator tech 1 -ontology other 1 -part of speech tagging tech 1 -WH-questions other 1 -English alphabets other 1 -logic-based grammar formalism other 1 -inductive decision tree learning tech 1 -ungrammatical input other 1 -question classification tech 1 -English-Japanese machine translation tech 1 -request other 2 -derivation other 1 -clustering tech 1 -maximum likelihood method tech 1 -user-defined performance thresholds other 1 -software infrastructure tech 1 -verbs other 1 -FROFF tool 1 -knowledge-based information retrieval tech 1 -Unification-based grammar formalisms other 1 -cue phrases other 3 -CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system tool 1 -discourse segments other 1 -word order generation tech 1 -stochastic tree-to-tree transducer tech 1 -LM model 2 -Minimalist grammars other 1 -image and text understanding tech 1 -linguistic objects other 1 -baseline results other 1 -parses other 2 -language families other 1 -English sentences other 1 -non-English ( Arabic ) stemmer tech 1 -document oriented preference sets( DoPS ) tech 1 -terminal and non-terminal edges other 1 -homophone errors other 3 -negative feedback other 1 -linguistic information other 1 -Thai key prediction tech 1 -Statistical machine translation ( SMT ) tech 1 -WSD programs tech 1 -arcs other 1 -text corpus lr 1 -genre other 1 -October '91 dry-run test set lr-prod 1 -Honorifics other 1 -speakers other 3 -Japanese-English translation tech 1 -evaluation measure measure 1 -ambiguity packing and stochastic disambiguation techniques tech 1 -interactive question-answering ( Q/A ) system tech 1 -referents other 3 -CSR corpus lr-prod 3 -addressee identification tech 1 -computer text generation system tech 1 -F-measure measure 1 -content-independent formalism other 1 -MT system tech 3 -PER measure 1 -analysis cost other 1 -m-th order Markov chain model other 1 -processing other 1 -corpus of multiple English translations lr 1 -NE system tech 1 -bag-of-words and segment order-sensitive string comparison methods tech 1 -statistical machine translation (SMT) tech 1 -computational problems other 1 -node-based inference tech 1 -Topic Detection and Tracking tasks tech 1 -chart Parsing tech 1 -predicate argument structures other 1 -language model model 5 -concept-based seeds other 1 -evaluation scheme tech 1 -bilingual texts other 1 -MT output other 1 -word classification tech 1 -ATIS ( Air Travel Information System ) domain other 1 -MADCOW ( Multi-site ATIS Data COllection Working group ) other 1 -human judges other 1 -parse record other 1 -empirical MT research other 1 -translation relation other 2 -generalized metaphor mappings other 1 -topic other 1 -terminal substring parsing tech 1 -digital learning other 1 -Oral communication other 1 -training data lr 5 -derivation tree other 1 -tree-to-tree translation tech 1 -hubs other 3 -error-correction rules model 2 -parse other 2 -statistical machine translation ( SMT ) tech 1 -planning algorithm tech 1 -text retrieval application tech 1 -length-based or translation-based criterion other 1 -fragmentary recognition tech 1 -morpheme other 1 -spatial descriptions other 1 -machine learning techniques tech 2 -repository other 1 -language other 3 -computational theory other 1 -legal text hierarchy other 1 -statistical MT architectures other 1 -language processing systems tech 1 -Determiners other 1 -DoPS system tech 1 -LCS-Marine tool 2 -database tech 2 -anaphora resolution other 1 -disambiguation tool tech 1 -RCL parser tech 1 -word matchings other 1 -lexical weighting tech 1 -domain dependence other 1 -local trees other 1 -log-linear block bigram model model 1 -constituents other 1 -TREC 2003 and TREC 2004 QA tracks other 1 -generalized metaphor other 1 -document understanding tech 1 -feature selection methods tech 1 -tagging strategies tech 2 -conversational speech other 1 -seed sentences other 1 -dialogue act other 1 -translation accuracy measure 1 -word-senses other 1 -Error analysis tech 1 -priors other 1 -paraphrase classification tech 1 -noisy channel framework other 1 -syntactic ambiguities other 1 -Markov probability other 1 -feature structures other 3 -output quality other 1 -typicality other 1 -quadratic time other 1 -TDMT ( Transfer-Driven Machine Translation ) tech 1 -syntactic descriptions other 1 -tree adjoining grammar lr 1 -parse tree other 2 -hand-crafted rules other 1 -miscommunications other 1 -segment order other 1 -large vocabulary continuous speech recognition other 1 -NLP tasks other 1 -baseline sentence planners tech 1 -baselines tech 1 -linguistic theory other 2 -character bigrams model 1 -databases other 1 -LHIP tool 1 -trainable sentence planner tech 2 -noisy output other 1 -language learning experiment other 1 -long distance constraints other 1 -hand-crafted template-based generation component tech 1 -error rate measure 1 -redundancy elimination problem other 1 -probabilistic model model 1 -Dialogue strategies other 1 -discourse structure other 1 -Question Answering ( QA ) systems tech 1 -decision list tech 1 -speaker group modeling tech 1 -manual evaluation other 1 -manual transcription other 1 -Lucy tool 1 -information extraction tech 1 -grammar coverage problems other 1 -spoken multiparty dialogue other 1 -spoken dialogue other 2 -Synchronous dependency insertion grammars other 1 -polynomial time decoding algorithm tech 1 -phrase-based statistical machine translation tech 2 -implicit reference resolution tech 1 -speech recognition tech 2 -assessors other 2 -event terms other 1 -transfer system tech 1 -language understanding and generation modules tech 1 -syntactic structure other 1 -precision measure 3 -natural language texts other 2 -human judgment other 2 -user modeling component other 1 -automatic parameter optimization tech 1 -evaluation methodology other 1 -users other 5 -phrases other 10 -node other 1 -in-degree other 1 -fuzzy quantifier other 1 -text collections other 1 -voice interactive system tech 1 -segmentation tech 1 -costs other 1 -high-accuracy word-level alignment models model 1 -dependency pointers other 1 -word sense disambiguation tech 2 -associative similarity other 2 -Chinese Natural Language Processing tech 1 -nouns other 1 -classifiers tech 2 -lexicon lr 3 -meaning structure other 1 -LSA-based , cooccurrence-based and dictionary-based methods other 1 -zero pronouns other 1 -model model 17 -target texts other 1 -partial instantiation tech 1 -machine translations other 1 -source-language other 1 -extensional equivalence other 1 -translation tech 3 -French sentence other 1 -parser evaluation methods tech 1 -personal names other 1 -MT-based paraphrasing technique tech 1 -machine learning tech 1 -temporal adverbs other 1 -constraint-based parser/generator tech 1 -minimal DFA other 1 -mathematical formalism other 1 -multi engine machine translation system tech 1 -annotation tech 2 -speech-search algorithm tech 1 -balance matching operation tech 1 -syntactic and pragmatic analysis tech 1 -manual word alignments other 1 -non-literal aspects of communication other 2 -polynomial time solution other 1 -corpus data other 1 -generative model other 1 -natural language generation system tech 1 -human cognition other 1 -information need other 1 -Senseval-3 Chinese lexical sample task other 1 -information retrieval techniques tech 1 -FERRET tool 2 -indexing tech 1 -IBM Models 1-2 other 1 -polysemic verbs other 1 -sentence alignment tasks tech 1 -semantic roles other 1 -formulas other 1 -range concatenation languages [RCL] other 1 -training examples tool 1 -abstract moves other 1 -blocks other 2 -event type networks other 1 -natural language processing tech 4 -Deictic reference other 1 -computational lexicon lr 2 -expert human translations other 1 -lexical rules other 1 -MIT ATIS system tool 1 -mobile , intelligent agent tech 1 -maximum a posteriori estimation tech 1 -linguistic annotation other 1 -behavioral specification other 1 -training phase other 1 -unstemmed text other 1 -proposition other 6 -verbal and nonverbal means other 1 -MAP estimation approach tech 1 -natural language understanding tech 1 -dependency parser tech 1 -lexically distributed grammar model 1 -linguistic introspection other 1 -grammaticality other 1 -demonstrative expressions other 1 -IR tech 1 -real-time spoken language translation other 1 -linguistic segments other 1 -Link detection tech 1 -KPSG other 1 -human communication needs other 1 -Node-based inference rules other 1 -Unification tech 1 -unsupervised training tech 1 -asynchronous message passing tech 1 -parallel text lr 1 -human language technology tech 1 -reestimation formulas other 1 -MT evaluation measure 1 -linguistic concepts other 2 -decoding tech 2 -domains other 1 -coordinate conjunctions other 1 -Russian other 1 -conversational context other 1 -statistical models tech 2 -ill-formed input other 1 -speech recognition hypotheses other 1 -coordinate conjunction other 1 -WSI tech 1 -transition graphs other 1 -monolingual parallel corpora lr 1 -inference other 1 -top human-ranked sentence plan other 1 -polynomial time approximations other 1 -natural language applications tech 1 -models model 5 -CCRs other 2 -post-processing tech 1 -token classification task tech 1 -questions other 2 -information retrieval task tech 1 -MT evaluation techniques other 1 -discourses other 1 -task-oriented dialogs tech 1 -speaker's gaze information other 1 -segment contiguity other 1 -m-component mixture other 1 -chart other 1 -phrase-based unigram model model 1 -complexity other 2 -rules model 3 -co-occurrence patterns other 1 -overt case markers other 1 -user modeling tech 5 -interpretation other 1 -word disambiguation other 1 -dictionary-based word vectors other 1 -generation system tech 1 -lexical cross-relations other 1 -Web other 1 -decoding algorithm tech 1 -inflection other 2 -chart-based algorithms tech 1 -parsing tech 2 -SMT models model 5 -range concatenation grammar [RCG] formalism other 1 -oracle other 1 -NE types other 1 -Cooperative Model tech 2 -TAP-XL Automated Analyst's Assistant tool 1 -Thai-English language identification tech 1 -natural language search engines tech 1 -performance measure 5 -SPRINT tool 1 -question , passage , and/or answer levels other 1 -relations other 1 -parsing algorithms tech 1 -monolingual UCG other 1 -document classification tech 2 -word-based alignments lr 1 -units of translation other 1 -suffix other 1 -statistical information other 1 -common ground other 1 -stochastic processes tech 1 -test set lr 2 -unknown words other 4 -semantic annotation tech 1 -segment order-sensitive methods tech 1 -Machine Translation (MT) systems tech 1 -machine translation output other 2 -feature sets other 1 -predicate calculus notation other 1 -overlapping speech other 1 -compound nouns other 2 -unsupervised structure finding methods tech 1 -Spelling-checkers tech 1 -feedback other 1 -context free languages other 1 -valency constraints other 1 -discourse understanding process other 2 -target domain other 1 -agreement measure 1 -prototype system tech 1 -polysemous word other 1 -phone-string classifier tech 1 -reference model other 1 -discourse segmentation tech 1 -shallow linguistic features other 1 -paraphrasing tech 2 -Spoken language translation other 1 -machine translation pipeline tech 1 -natural language interfaces tech 3 -event map other 1 -Statistical Machine Translation ( SMT ) tech 1 -linguistic structure other 2 -visualization method tech 1 -intelligibility other 1 -hypothesis other 2 -Requestors other 1 -context-dependent phonetic modelling tech 1 -experimental evaluation tech 1 -system combination tech 1 -translation lexicons lr 1 -worst-case parsing time complexity other 1 -NE other 1 -predictive performance measure 2 -statistical POS tagger tech 1 -spoken dialogue system tech 1 -polynomial time other 1 -Isomorphic Grammars other 1 -knowledge-based automated acquisition of grammars tech 1 -Listen-Communicate-Show ( LCS ) tech 1 -expectations other 1 -natural language question answering system tech 1 -linguistic representation other 1 -question answering session other 1 -phone n-gram model model 1 -language modeling tech 1 -stemmer tech 2 -translation speed and quality measure 1 -target speaker other 3 -newspaper stories other 1 -logical expression other 1 -descriptors other 1 -unrestricted texts other 1 -Parsing tech 1 -word string other 2 -CFG filter other 1 -German corpus lr 1 -component performance measure 1 -training tech 2 -tree-based models model 1 -syntactic ambiguity resolution other 1 -anaphora other 1 -pragmatics processing tech 1 -rule-reduction algorithm tech 1 -discourse constraint other 1 -predicate other 2 -generative phonological approach other 1 -Canadian Hansards lr-prod 1 -programming language tech 1 -English sentence structure other 1 -bilingual parallel corpora lr 1 -features other 12 -intelligent mobile agents tech 1 -tokens other 1 -finite-state models tech 1 -spatial attributes other 1 -unsupervised WSD tech 1 -category transitions other 1 -February '92 test sentences lr-prod 1 -system response other 1 -stop lists lr 1 -move other 1 -non-terminal symbol other 1 -discourse phenomena other 1 -unsupervised learning approach tech 2 -attentional focus other 1 -speaker's intention other 1 -Chinese word sense disambiguation model other 1 -user models model 1 -word-aligned corpora lr 1 -explicitation other 1 -word set representation other 1 -islands other 2 -system users other 1 -purposes other 1 -decision tree building tech 1 -disambiguation algorithms tech 1 -extrapolation tech 1 -target language other 2 -probabilistic translation models model 1 -inferences other 1 -arguments other 2 -language models ( LMs ) model 1 -extraposition grammars other 1 -natural language environment other 1 -speaker other 3 -human language learners other 1 -Prolog tech 2 -meaning other 6 -hierarchies other 1 -morphology other 1 -organizational and discourse strategies other 1 -expert human translation other 1 -benchmark system other 1 -pronoun resolution tech 2 -spontaneous speech other 1 -word-trigram recognition tech 1 -English word other 1 -Dynamic Hierarchical Phrasal Lexicon ( DHPL ) other 1 -Chomsky's minimalist program other 1 -WSD evaluation methodology measure 1 -English-Chinese parallel corpora lr 1 -continuous density hidden Markov models ( CDHMM ) model 1 -discourse task other 1 -polysemy other 1 -formalisms other 2 -propositions other 1 -unsupervised word alignment component other 1 -knowledge-based generation systems tech 1 -out-degree other 1 -parsing technique tech 1 -semantic networks other 1 -USRs other 1 -natural language other 4 -language pairs other 5 -stems other 1 -Conceptual Dependency Diagram ( CDD ) model 1 -sense other 3 -machine-readable dictionaries ( MRD's ) lr 1 -error correction methodology tech 1 -SRHs other 1 -syntactic categories other 1 -training method tech 2 -speech recognition hypotheses ( SRH ) other 1 -lexical features other 1 -categorial grammar other 1 -incremental grammar development tech 1 -context-free grammars other 1 -hierarchy other 1 -diagnostic tool tech 1 -statistical MT systems tech 1 -training set lr 1 -polarity-tagged corpus lr 1 -SI corpus lr 1 -utterance classification tech 1 -queries other 1 -STTK tool 2 -parallel corpora lr 1 -memory other 4 -theory other 3 -polarization other 1 -Grolier's Encyclopedia lr-prod 1 -part of speech information other 1 -BLEU scores measure 1 -graph other 1 -accuracy measure 3 -FSM tech 1 -numerical constraints other 1 -Statistical Learning Model ( SLM ) tech 1 -Japanese other 1 -purpose other 1 -lexicons lr 1 -HPSG other 3 -unification-based grammar formalism other 1 -Japanese bunsetsu other 2 -BIA tech 1 -large-scale grammars other 1 -edge other 1 -bidirectional grammar generation system tech 1 -text mining tech 1 -logical form language other 1 -statistical machine translation tech 4 -dialogue patterns other 1 -phrase-based models model 2 -pharmaceutical news archive other 1 -scope ambiguity other 1 -measure measure 2 -automatic evaluation tech 1 -hastiness other 1 -transition probabilities other 1 -query optimisation tech 1 -translation memory system tech 1 -sentences other 10 -computer aided second language learning tech 1 -unification algorithms tech 1 -parsing-as-deduction tech 1 -Chart-like parsing tech 1 -noun phrases other 1 -semantic grammar other 1 -MT tech 1 -grammar model other 1 -Arabic-English other 1 -Chinese-to-English SMT model model 1 -robust parsing capability other 1 -probabilistic spectral mapping other 1 -recognition tasks other 1 -Arabic's rich morphology other 1 -candidates other 4 -lexical cohesion-based approach tech 1 -linguistic tools other 1 -conversational cues other 1 -segments other 2 -agenda-based scheduling parser tech 1 -recognition tech 1 -logical definition other 2 -redundancy other 2 -kernel functions tech 1 -speech recognition word and sentence error rates measure 1 -Prolog form other 1 -conditional loglinear models model 1 -free word order other 1 -structure-sharing tech 1 -high dimensionality space other 1 -human language learning process other 1 -generation tech 2 -answer resolution algorithm tech 1 -combination methods tech 1 -char other 1 -supervised learning tech 1 -trigram model model 1 -paragraph other 1 -textual representation other 1 -document representation other 1 -Hierarchical Directed Acyclic Graph ( HDAG ) Kernel tech 1 -exponential time other 1 -lexical gap other 1 -domain independent acoustic models model 1 -underspecified chart representations other 1 -baseline measure 1 -Stabler's formalization other 1 -NP- and non-NP-antecedents other 1 -IBM statistical MT system other 1 -intensional concepts other 1 -tree-adjoining grammars ( TAG ) other 1 -Error correction tech 1 -syntax other 2 -abduction other 1 -Slovak other 1 -data lr 1 -grammar formalisms other 1 -NIST score measure 1 -training speakers other 3 -event networks other 1 -submanifold other 1 -kanji-kana characters other 1 -sentence planner tech 1 -qualitative user evaluation other 1 -hard problems other 1 -probabilistic LR parser tech 1 -word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) tech 1 -information redundancy other 1 -KANA-KANJI conversion tech 1 -skill level other 1 -Graph unification tech 1 -unsupervised algorithm tech 2 -taxonomic similarity other 2 -individual users other 1 -phrase other 1 -lexical , syntactic , semantic , and structural information other 1 -classification accuracy measure 2 -reference failures other 1 -N-Best sentence hypotheses other 1 -Human-Machine Communication other 1 -parameter smoothing tech 1 -Monolingual , unannotated text lr 1 -language identification tech 1 -linguistically sophisticated representations other 2 -word-sense disambiguation algorithm tech 1 -suffix array-based data structure other 1 -move-tagged abstracts other 1 -free text other 1 -one sense per collocation observation other 2 -speaker's utterance other 1 -inferential theory for natural language presuppositions other 1 -annotated data other 1 -binary relational calculus notation other 1 -class-dependent interpolation tech 1 -parsing flexibilities other 1 -localized phrase-based prediction model model 1 -Sentence ambiguities other 1 -heuristics other 1 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other 1 -Chat-80 tool 3 -APs tech 2 -maximum entropy word alignment algorithm tech 1 -corrective training tech 1 -baseline system other 1 -EBMT tech 1 -case-based reasoning tech 1 -message passing protocols other 1 -baseline methods other 1 -phrase boundary heuristics other 1 -words other 10 -ER tech 2 -reference other 1 -subpredicates other 2 -OCR system tech 1 -Syntactic Role System tech 1 -language definition other 1 -entailment other 1 -ambiguity packing tech 1 -chart-based phrase structure parsing tech 1 -Japanese sentence structure other 1 -COMPLEX lr-prod 1 -spectral clustering based approach tech 1 -communication other 1 -standard evaluation metric measure 1 -dags other 1 -Finite State Model ( FSM ) tech 1 -dimensionalized space other 1 -ASR output other 2 -Semantic Role System tech 1 -English other 5 -data objects other 1 -Korean newspaper articles lr 1 -semantic categories other 1 -open-domain question answering capability tech 1 -machine translation systems tech 3 -default reasoning other 1 -information extraction ( IE ) systems tech 1 -dialogue data lr 1 -trigram models model 1 -mutual information measure 1 -automated evaluation techniques tech 1 -confidence measure 1 -JAVELIN tool 1 -pronominalization other 1 -n-best speech/language integration architecture other 1 -weighed sum other 1 -utterances other 6 -CSR ( Connected Speech Recognition ) corpus lr-prod 1 -IBM models other 1 -dependency structures other 2 -grammars lr 2 -training corpus lr 2 -indices model 3 -Referring Expressions other 1 -conjunction other 1 -sentence condensation systems tech 1 -eigenvectors other 2 -Syntax-based statistical machine translation ( MT ) tech 1 -polysemous words other 1 -title-driven name recognition tech 1 -structures other 1 -events other 2 -BLEU score measure 1 -feature structure-directed generation tech 1 -dominance graphs other 1 -ellipsis other 1 -indexings other 1 -evaluation metrics measure 1 -speaker adaptation tech 1 -FlexP tool 1 -optical character recognition tech 1 -participants other 1 -annotation experiment other 1 -HDAG Kernel tech 2 -randomized sentence-plan-generator ( SPG ) tech 1 -Statistical approach tech 1 -morpheme sequence other 1 -word sense disambiguation performance measure 1 -word-based models model 1 -directed graphs other 1 -knowledge level other 1 -resource sensitive logic other 1 -MIT ATIS ( Air Travel Information Service ) system tool 1 -logical model other 1 -rule-based sentence planners tech 1 -discourse-relevant purposes other 1 -semantic coherence other 1 -interpolation methods tech 1 -anaphoric expressions other 1 -failures of reference other 1 -inheritance mechanisms other 1 -anaphora references other 1 -Natural Language Processing ( NLP ) systems tech 1 -TDMT tech 1 -English stemmer tech 1 -languages other 2 -alignment tech 1 -disjunctive normal form other 1 -dialogue translation system tech 1 -cohesion constraint other 1 -actors other 1 -syntactic and semantic expectations other 1 -block reordering other 1 -spanning edges other 1 -spoken language translation other 1 -underspecified semantic representation ( USR ) other 1 -database query applications other 1 -Hidden Markov Model model 1 -SMT system tech 1 -P-CFG tech 2 -embodied conversational agents tech 1 -Tree Adjoining Grammars other 1 -deterministic finite automaton tech 1 -gold standard lr 1 -search space other 1 -human annotation performance measure 1 -novice users other 1 -computational complexity other 4 -domain-independent lexica lr 1 -syllables other 1 -maximum entropy classifier tech 1 -syntax-based statistical machine translation system tech 1 -sublanguage other 1 -ACE corpora lr-prod 1 -error correction tech 2 -retrieval time measure 1 -output other 3 -target word selection tech 1 -PERSON NE other 1 -certainty conditions other 1 -machine translation ( MT ) systems tech 3 -linguistic pattern other 1 -synchronous TAGs other 2 -English-Chinese bitexts lr 2 -tree-based ordering model model 1 -alternative markers other 1 -HBG tech 2 -Japanese patent claim sentences other 1 -concurrent , object-oriented natural language parsing tech 1 -evaluation method measure 1 -text processing software tech 1 -phrase translations other 3 -parsing complexity other 1 -part-of-speech-based criterion other 1 -Paul tool 1 -root other 1 -inference types other 4 -machine translation tests measure 1 -robust analysis other 1 -semantics other 4 -English-Japanese MT system tech 1 -sentence-plan-ranker ( SPR ) tech 1 -interruptions other 2 -alignment techniques tech 1 -denotational semantics other 1 -source language other 1 -heuristic rules other 1 -dialog systems tech 4 -ATN tech 1 -bootstrapping procedure tech 1 -speech understanding tech 1 -automaton tech 1 -grammar checker tech 1 -exponential time lower-bound other 1 -speech lr 2 -successive learners tech 2 -patterns other 1 -language acquisition tech 1 -control structure other 1 -path values other 1 -retrieval performance measure 1 -answers other 2 -word error rate measure 1 -stemming model model 1 -semantic set other 1 -semantic verb classes other 1 -word-sense disambiguation systems tech 1 -discourse understanding accuracy measure 1 -Chart parsing tech 1 -sentence condensation other 1 -Korean other 1 -ATNs tech 1 -general-purpose NLP components tech 1 -core modules other 1 -neural network tech 1 -ONTOSCORE tool 1 -beam-search decoder tech 1 -bilingual or multi-lingual texts other 1 -human-computer interaction tech 1 -parser tech 9 -local segment contiguity models model 1 -typed feature structures other 1 -training algorithm tech 1 -EBMT system tech 1 -lexical-cohesion and conversational features other 2 -dependency treelet translation pairs other 1 -Named Entity ( NE ) tagging tech 1 -DARPA Resource Management corpus lr-prod 1 -rule-based translation systems tech 1 -NLP tech 1 -real-valued features other 1 -pilot system other 1 -candidate parses other 1 -boosting method tech 1 -structure other 1 -basic mapping other 1 -speech data lr 1 -user model model 4 +Natural Language Processing other 1 +left corner parsing algorithm tech 1 +bootstrapping approach tech 1 +cohesive text other 1 +disambiguation process other 1 +character and word error rate measure 1 +Web-based computer-assisted academic writing tech 1 +LFG other 1 +block unigram model model 1 +referential information other 1 +constraint other 1 +trees other 1 +RAREAS tool 2 +honorifics other 3 +noun group other 1 +Simulated annealing approach tech 1 +word strings other 1 +Category Cooccurrence Restrictions ( CCRs ) other 1 +average precision measure 1 +hidden Markov models ( HMM ) other 1 +text-understanding systems tech 1 +language processing modules tech 1 +learning algorithm tech 1 +reference problems other 1 +sentence co-occurrences other 1 +paraphrase classification accuracy measure 1 +Non Verbal and Multimodal Communication other 1 +large database other 1 +identification of paraphrases tech 1 +statistical machine translation tool kit tech 1 +word set based representation other 1 +intentional structure other 2 +corpora lr 3 +RCG other 1 +expressions other 1 +speaker adaptation ( SA ) tech 1 +miscommunication other 2 +decision tree tech 1 +Czech other 2 +homophone other 2 +operational semantics other 1 +human annotated text lr 1 +probabilistic context-free grammars other 1 +object-oriented grammar model model 1 +test corpus lr 1 +clustering algorithm tech 1 +dialogue other 2 +utterance features other 1 +extensional reference other 1 +original document other 1 +semantic frame tech 1 +non-monotonic reasoning tech 1 +computational model other 1 +entity-oriented parser tech 1 +verbal and nonverbal grounding acts other 1 +Heuristic Parsing Model ( HPM ) model 1 +speech processing other 1 +arc other 1 +Chinese-English texts other 1 +average precision metric measure 1 +actor paradigm other 1 +Begin/After tagging tech 1 +MRR measure 1 +LMs model 1 +node structures other 1 +word tokens other 1 +translation process other 1 +error reduction other 1 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other 1 +syntax-based constraint other 1 +nodes other 3 +translation quality measure 3 +Korean Phonology Structure Grammar ( KPSG ) other 1 +path-based inference rules other 1 +translation probabilities other 1 +structural disambiguation tech 1 +dynamic language model combination tech 1 +abductive inference tech 1 +bigram language model model 1 +alignment algorithm tech 1 +probabilistic parser tech 1 +non-constituent coordination other 1 +listener other 4 +pronoun other 1 +continuous speech recognition tech 1 +SENSEVAL-2 nouns other 1 +compound noun other 1 +translation candidates other 1 +Wall Street Journal text corpus lr-prod 1 +management of uncertainty tech 1 +syntactically motivated phrases other 1 +keywords other 1 +English words other 1 +local phrase re-ordering other 1 +sentence-aligned parallel corpus lr 1 +packed parse forests other 1 +CSR pilot corpus lr-prod 1 +n-gram models model 1 +Syllogistic reasoning with dispositions tech 1 +LTAG other 2 +Dynamic Grammars other 1 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1 +confidence measures measure 1 +skilled users other 1 +POURPRE measure 2 +bilingual parallel corpus lr 1 +structured natural language data other 1 +addressee other 1 +supervised and unsupervised methods tech 1 +human plausible reasoning other 1 +pre-tagged corpus lr 1 +corpus other 1 +expert systems tech 1 +utterance classification performance measure 1 +source language sentences other 1 +CCR formalism other 1 +head-orientation tech 1 +language understanding tech 2 +maximum likelihood criterion other 1 +attentional state other 4 +non-parallel corpus lr 1 +word other 2 +clustering methods tech 1 +isomorphic derivations other 1 +language neutral meaning representation tech 1 +comparable , non-parallel corpora lr 1 +TAGs other 3 +IDUS ( Intelligent Document Understanding System ) tool 1 +Resource Management ( RM ) corpus lr-prod 1 +Arabic word segmentation system tech 1 +Unification Categorial Grammar ( UCG ) other 1 +highly inflective languages other 1 +disposition other 4 +main parser tech 1 +HBG model other 1 +spoken language understanding tech 1 +annotating scheme other 1 +LSA-based and the cooccurrence-based word vectors other 1 +structured data other 2 +unification tech 1 +Augmented Transition Network tech 1 +nonverbal behaviors other 1 +pronouns other 1 +phrase-based translation model model 1 +SMT algorithms tech 1 +human interaction with data sources tech 1 +tagger tech 2 +parse trees other 1 +ambiguities other 2 +input other 1 +Explicitation other 1 +decoder tech 1 +head nods other 1 +recognition network other 1 +scenario templates other 1 +fuzzy syllogism other 1 +clusters other 1 +reference sets other 2 +multi-level answer resolution algorithm tech 1 +syntactic information other 1 +clauses other 2 +transition other 1 +lexical hierarchy other 1 +similarity other 2 +word N-gram models model 1 +key prediction tech 1 +grounding other 1 +morphemes other 1 +log-linear and linear interpolation tech 1 +semantic questions other 1 +statistically fitted rule-based model tech 1 +editing terms other 1 +associative processors ( APs ) tech 1 +word alignment tech 1 +N-grams model 1 +distributed message-passing infrastructure tech 1 +bag-of-words methods tech 1 +Horn logic program other 1 +separation margin other 1 +logic other 3 +world knowledge other 2 +exact match accuracy measure 1 +affix removal tech 1 +Source and Target languages other 1 +Roget's Thesaurus lr-prod 1 +Wall Street Journal treebank other 1 +domain entities other 1 +sentence plans other 1 +Japanese texts other 1 +ranking rules model 1 +user utterances other 1 +web other 1 +text other 4 +references other 1 +lexical substitutions other 2 +phrasal SMT tech 1 +statistical systems tech 1 +CARE tool 1 +document understanding technology tech 1 +syntax-based decoder tech 1 +kernel function tech 1 +retrieval tech 1 +Arabic-English translation task other 1 +alignment quality measure 1 +Interactive Machine Translation tech 1 +TAG other 1 +BU recognition system lr 1 +need other 1 +learner tech 1 +word n-grams other 1 +semantic-head-driven generation tech 1 +interface tech 2 +graphical model tech 1 +paraphrase probability other 1 +word sense disambigation models tech 1 +automatic evaluation measures measure 1 +reranking task other 1 +meta-inference types other 1 +temporal relations other 1 +linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge other 1 +translations other 1 +text-plan input other 1 +learning other 1 +Spanish other 1 +coordination other 1 +lexical-syntactic forms other 1 +English coordinate structure analysis model tech 1 +document processing tech 1 +fonts other 1 +syntactic analysis tech 1 +Switchboard dialogues other 1 +vector space model other 1 +verb group other 1 +TGE tool 1 +ensemble methods tech 1 +APT tool 1 +Korean phonological knowledge base system lr 1 +Discourse processing tech 1 +strings other 1 +dialogue state other 1 +bottom-up pattern-matching parser tech 1 +automatic parse-based evaluation tech 1 +referring expressions other 2 +translation output other 1 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morphology Linguistics -arguments Linguistics -Basque Linguistics -char Linguistics -character Linguistics -Chinese-English texts Linguistics -chunks Linguistics -clauses Linguistics -cohesive text Linguistics -commas Linguistics -compound noun Linguistics -compound nouns Linguistics -concept Linguistics -concepts Linguistics -conjunction Linguistics -constituent Linguistics -constituents Linguistics -context Linguistics -contexts Linguistics -coordinate conjunction Linguistics -coordinate conjunctions Linguistics -cue phrases Linguistics -Czech Linguistics -demonstrative expressions Linguistics -dependency structure Linguistics -determiners Linguistics -Determiners Linguistics -discourse phenomena Linguistics -discourse structure Linguistics -discourses Linguistics -document Linguistics -document descriptors ( keywords ) Linguistics -domain Linguistics -domains Linguistics -English Linguistics -English alphabets Linguistics -English phrases Linguistics -English sentences Linguistics 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entities Linguistics -natural language Linguistics -natural language texts Linguistics -NE Linguistics -NE types Linguistics -non-contiguous phrases Linguistics -noun group Linguistics -noun phrases Linguistics -nouns Linguistics -original document Linguistics -overt case markers Linguistics -paragraph Linguistics -parse trees Linguistics -part-of-speech tag sequences Linguistics -PERSON NE Linguistics -personal names Linguistics -phrase Linguistics -phrase translations Linguistics -phrases Linguistics -polysemic verbs Linguistics -polysemous word Linguistics -polysemous words Linguistics -predicate Linguistics -predicate argument structures Linguistics -pronoun Linguistics -pronouns Linguistics -questions Linguistics -reference word string Linguistics -referents Linguistics -referring expressions Linguistics -Referring Expressions Linguistics -Russian Linguistics -segments Linguistics -semantic categories Linguistics -semantic roles Linguistics -semantic verb classes Linguistics 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corpora Linguistics -parallel corpus Linguistics -parallel data Linguistics -parallel text Linguistics -pharmaceutical news archive Linguistics -polarity-tagged corpus Linguistics -pre-tagged corpus Linguistics -seed sentences Linguistics -sense-tagged training data Linguistics -sentence-aligned parallel corpus Linguistics -SI corpus Linguistics -speech Linguistics -speech data Linguistics -spoken dialogue Linguistics -spoken language corpus Linguistics -spoken multiparty dialogue Linguistics -stop lists Linguistics -supervised training data Linguistics -Switchboard dialogues Linguistics -test corpus Linguistics -test set Linguistics -text corpus Linguistics -training corpus Linguistics -training data Linguistics -training material Linguistics -training resources Linguistics -training set Linguistics -translation examples Linguistics -translation lexicons Linguistics -tree adjoining grammar Linguistics -Treebank Linguistics -unrestricted texts Linguistics -unstemmed text Linguistics 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-baseline DSMMM -BLEU DSMMM -BLEU score DSMMM -BLEU scores DSMMM -character and word error rate DSMMM -classification accuracy DSMMM -component performance DSMMM -computational complexity DSMMM -confidence DSMMM -confidence measures DSMMM -costs DSMMM -discourse understanding accuracy DSMMM -error rate DSMMM -evaluation measure DSMMM -evaluation measures DSMMM -evaluation method DSMMM -evaluation metrics DSMMM -exact match accuracy DSMMM -exponential time DSMMM -F-measure DSMMM -human annotation performance DSMMM -machine translation tests DSMMM -measure DSMMM -MRR DSMMM -MT evaluation DSMMM -mutual information DSMMM -NIST DSMMM -NIST evaluation metric DSMMM -NIST score DSMMM -output quality DSMMM -paraphrase classification accuracy DSMMM -paraphrase probability DSMMM -parsing complexity DSMMM -PER DSMMM -performance DSMMM -polynomial time DSMMM -POURPRE DSMMM -precision DSMMM -predictive performance DSMMM -probabilities DSMMM -quality DSMMM -recall DSMMM -recognition accuracy DSMMM -retrieval accuracy DSMMM -retrieval performance DSMMM -retrieval time DSMMM -similarity measure DSMMM -similarity measures DSMMM -speech recognition word and sentence error rates DSMMM -standard evaluation metric DSMMM -taxonomic similarity DSMMM -transition probabilities DSMMM -translation accuracy DSMMM -translation probabilities DSMMM -translation quality DSMMM -translation speed and quality DSMMM -user satisfaction DSMMM -utterance classification performance DSMMM -vocabulary size DSMMM -word dependent substitution costs DSMMM -word error rate DSMMM -word or semantic error rate DSMMM -word sense disambiguation performance DSMMM -word-dependent substitution costs DSMMM -worst-case parsing time complexity DSMMM -WSD evaluation methodology DSMMM -bigram language model DSMMM -block unigram model DSMMM -candidate parses DSMMM -character bigrams DSMMM -Chinese word sense disambiguation model DSMMM -Chinese-to-English SMT model DSMMM -computation model DSMMM -computational model DSMMM -Conceptual Dependency Diagram ( CDD ) DSMMM -conditional loglinear models DSMMM -continuous density hidden Markov models ( CDHMM ) DSMMM -co-occurrence patterns DSMMM -dependency network representation DSMMM -dependency structures DSMMM -dependency trees DSMMM -dialogue patterns DSMMM -dictionary-based word vectors DSMMM -domain independent acoustic models DSMMM -English sentence structure DSMMM -error-correction rules DSMMM -event map DSMMM -features DSMMM -generative model DSMMM -generative probabilistic optical character recognition ( OCR ) model DSMMM -grammar model DSMMM -HBG model DSMMM -Heuristic Parsing Model ( HPM ) DSMMM -Hidden Markov Model DSMMM -hierarchies DSMMM -hierarchy DSMMM -high-accuracy word-level alignment models DSMMM -IBM models DSMMM -IBM Models 1-2 DSMMM -indices DSMMM -Japanese sentence structure DSMMM -language definition DSMMM -language learning model DSMMM -language model DSMMM -language models ( LMs ) DSMMM -lexically distributed grammar DSMMM -linguistic pattern DSMMM -LM DSMMM -LMs DSMMM -local segment contiguity models DSMMM -local trees DSMMM -localized phrase-based prediction model DSMMM -logical model DSMMM -log-linear block bigram model DSMMM -LSA-based and the cooccurrence-based word vectors DSMMM -maximum-entropy model DSMMM -mixture trigram models DSMMM -model DSMMM -models DSMMM -n-gram models DSMMM -N-grams DSMMM -object-oriented grammar model DSMMM -parse DSMMM -parse tree DSMMM -parses DSMMM -parsing-based NE rules DSMMM -patterns DSMMM -phone n-gram model DSMMM -phrase-based models DSMMM -phrase-based translation model DSMMM -phrase-based translation models DSMMM -phrase-based unigram model DSMMM -polynomial time approximations DSMMM -probabilistic model DSMMM -probabilistic translation models DSMMM -ranking rules DSMMM -reference model DSMMM -rules DSMMM -semantic network DSMMM -semantic networks DSMMM -sentence plan DSMMM -sentence plans DSMMM -shallow linguistic features DSMMM -SMT models DSMMM -statistical translation model DSMMM -stemming model DSMMM -surface representation DSMMM -top human-ranked sentence plan DSMMM -tree-based models DSMMM -tree-based ordering model DSMMM -trigram language model DSMMM -trigram model DSMMM -trigram models DSMMM -user model DSMMM -User models DSMMM -user models DSMMM -word N-gram models DSMMM -word set based representation DSMMM -word vectors DSMMM -word-based models DSMMM -word-based trigram language model DSMMM -abstract moves other -actors other -addressee other -ambiguities other -ambiguity other -anaphora references other -anaphoric expressions other -annotation experiment other -answer candidates other -answers other -Arabic-English translation task other -arcs other -ASR output other -assessors other -ATIS ( Air Travel Information System ) domain other -attentional focus other -attentional state other -attribute sequences other -baseline results other -behavioral specification other -blocks other -candidates other -category transitions other 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other -entity-oriented language definition other -entries other -error characters other -event type networks other -events other -expectations other -Explicitation other -explicitation other -extensional reference other -eye gaze other -failures of reference other -feedback other -fonts other -free text other -free word order other -generalized metaphor other -grammar coverage problems other -grammatical knowledge other -grammaticality other -grounding other -hard problems other -hastiness other -head nods other -homophone errors other -human annotators other -human cognition other -human communication needs other -human judges other -human judgment other -human language learners other -human language learning process other -human-machine interactions other -hypothesis other -IE paradigm other -ill-formed input other -implicit intention component other -individual users other -inferences other -inflection other -information need other -information redundancy other -information sources other -information workers other -input other -intelligibility other -intensional concepts other -intentional structure other -intentions other -interaction requirements other -interpretation other -interruptions other -islands other -isomorphic derivations other -Japanese homophone errors other -knowledge level other -language L other -language learning other -language learning experiment other -learning methodology other -legal text hierarchy other -lexical , syntactic , semantic , and structural information other -lexical and syntactic features other -lexical cross-relations other -lexical entries other -lexical features other -lexical gap other -lexical generalizations other -lexical rules other -lexical substitutions other -lexical-cohesion and conversational features other -lexicologists other -linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge other -linguistic expressiveness other -linguistic information other -linguistic segments other -listener other -long distance constraints other 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expectations other -syntactic descriptions other -syntactic information other -syntactically motivated phrases other -syntax-based constraint other -system output other -system response other -system users other -target speaker other -task-oriented and goal-directed dialogs other -temporal adverbs other -temporal relations other -text-plan input other -textual representation other -theory other -top-down scope information other -training ( reference ) speaker other -training phase other -training speakers other -transcription errors other -transition other -translation equivalents other -translation output other -translation process other -translation relation other -translations other -Translations other -TREC 2003 and TREC 2004 QA tracks other -typicality other -ungrammatical input other -unknown word features other -user other -user modeling component other -users other -user's informational goals other -USR other -utterance other -utterance features other -utterances other -vagueness other -valency constraints other -verbal and nonverbal grounding acts other -verbal and nonverbal means other -verbal interaction other -verbal interactions other -word matchings other -word segmentation problem other -world knowledge other -abduction TechTool -abductive inference TechTool -adaptation TechTool -adaptive dynamic word formation TechTool -addressee identification TechTool -affix removal TechTool -agenda-based scheduling parser TechTool -alignment TechTool -alignment algorithm TechTool -alignment techniques TechTool -ambiguity handling TechTool -ambiguity packing TechTool -ambiguity packing and stochastic disambiguation techniques TechTool -analysis TechTool -anaphora resolution TechTool -annotating scheme TechTool -annotation TechTool -answer resolution algorithm TechTool -answering agents TechTool -APs TechTool -Arabic information retrieval TechTool -Arabic stemmer TechTool -Arabic word segmentation system TechTool -Arabic word segmenter TechTool 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notation TechTool -block reordering TechTool -block selection criteria TechTool -Boolean conditions TechTool -boosting approach TechTool -boosting method TechTool -bootstrapping approach TechTool -bootstrapping procedure TechTool -bottom-up pattern-matching parser TechTool -case-based MT ( CBMT ) TechTool -case-based reasoning TechTool -categorial grammar TechTool -Category Cooccurrence Restrictions ( CCRs ) TechTool -CCR formalism TechTool -CCRs TechTool -certainty conditions TechTool -CFG filter TechTool -CFG filtering techniques TechTool -chart TechTool -chart Parsing TechTool -Chart parsing TechTool -chart-based algorithms TechTool -chart-based phrase structure parsing TechTool -Chart-like parsing TechTool -Chinese Natural Language Processing TechTool -class-dependent interpolation TechTool -classification method TechTool -classifiers TechTool -cluster number estimation TechTool -clustering TechTool -clustering algorithm TechTool -clustering methods TechTool -coherence rules TechTool -cohesion constraint TechTool -Combination methods TechTool -combination methods TechTool -comma checker TechTool -commonsense reasoning TechTool -computer aided second language learning TechTool -computer system TechTool -computer text generation system TechTool -concept-based seeds TechTool -concurrency TechTool -concurrency of computation TechTool -concurrent , object-oriented natural language parsing TechTool -concurrent computation model TechTool -constraint-based parser/generator TechTool -content determination TechTool -content-independent formalism TechTool -context free languages TechTool -context-dependent phonetic modelling TechTool -context-free grammars TechTool -continuous speech recognition TechTool -control structure TechTool -Cooperative Model TechTool -core modules TechTool -corrective training TechTool -CSR TechTool -Czech-English statistical machine translation system TechTool -database query applications TechTool -database query paraphrase TechTool 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TechTool -image and text understanding TechTool -image understanding TechTool -implicit reference resolution TechTool -incremental grammar development TechTool -index TechTool -indexing TechTool -indexings TechTool -inductive decision tree learning TechTool -inference TechTool -inference method TechTool -inference types TechTool -information extraction TechTool -information extraction ( IE ) systems TechTool -information retrieval task TechTool -information retrieval techniques TechTool -inheritance TechTool -inheritance mechanisms TechTool -intelligent interactive systems TechTool -intelligent mobile agents TechTool -Interactive Machine Translation TechTool -interactive question-answering ( Q/A ) system TechTool -interface TechTool -interfaces TechTool -interpolation methods TechTool -interpretation and generation of natural language TechTool -IR TechTool -Isomorphic Grammars TechTool -Japanese revision support systems TechTool -Japanese-English translation TechTool -KANA-KANJI conversion TechTool -kernel function TechTool -kernel functions TechTool -key prediction TechTool -knowledge-based automated acquisition of grammars TechTool -knowledge-based generation systems TechTool -knowledge-based information retrieval TechTool -Korean Phonology Structure Grammar ( KPSG ) TechTool -KPSG TechTool -language acquisition TechTool -language identification TechTool -language modeling TechTool -language neutral meaning representation TechTool -language processing modules TechTool -language processing systems TechTool -language understanding TechTool -language understanding and generation modules TechTool -large database TechTool -large vocabulary continuous speech recognition TechTool -large-scale grammars TechTool -learner TechTool -learning TechTool -learning algorithm TechTool -left corner parsing algorithm TechTool -length-based or translation-based criterion TechTool -lexical cohesion-based approach TechTool -lexical weighting TechTool -Lexical-Functional Grammars ( LFG ) TechTool -LFG TechTool -limited domain semantics TechTool -linguistic annotation TechTool -linguistic introspection TechTool -linguistic parser/generator TechTool -linguistic representation TechTool -linguistically sophisticated representations TechTool -Link detection TechTool -Listen-Communicate-Show ( LCS ) TechTool -local phrase re-ordering TechTool -logic TechTool -logical definition TechTool -logical form language TechTool -logical formulas TechTool -logic-based grammar formalism TechTool -log-linear ( maximum-entropy ) models TechTool -log-linear and linear interpolation TechTool -LSA-based , cooccurrence-based and dictionary-based methods TechTool -LTAG TechTool -machine learning TechTool -machine learning approach TechTool -machine learning techniques TechTool -Machine Translation TechTool -machine translation TechTool -machine translation ( MT ) systems TechTool -Machine Translation (MT) systems TechTool -machine translation pipeline TechTool -machine translation systems TechTool -main parser TechTool -management of uncertainty TechTool -manual evaluation TechTool -manual transcription TechTool -MAP estimation approach TechTool -maximum a posteriori estimation TechTool -maximum entropy classifier TechTool -maximum entropy word alignment algorithm TechTool -maximum likelihood method TechTool -message passing protocols TechTool -metaphor interpretation TechTool -minimal DFA TechTool -Minimalist grammars TechTool -MLE reestimation algorithms TechTool -mobile , intelligent agent TechTool -monolingual UCG TechTool -MT TechTool -MT evaluation techniques TechTool -MT system TechTool -MT systems TechTool -MT-based paraphrasing technique TechTool -m-th order Markov chain model TechTool -multi engine machine translation system TechTool -multi-document summarization TechTool -multi-level answer resolution algorithm TechTool -multimedia articulation of answers TechTool -Named Entity ( NE ) tagging TechTool -natural language applications TechTool -natural language generation system TechTool -natural language generator TechTool -natural language interface TechTool -natural language interfaces TechTool -natural language processing TechTool -Natural Language Processing TechTool -Natural Language Processing ( NLP ) systems TechTool -natural language question answering system TechTool -natural language search engines TechTool -natural language system TechTool -natural language understanding TechTool -n-best speech/language integration architecture TechTool -NE system TechTool -neural network TechTool -new event detection TechTool -NLP TechTool -NLP techniques TechTool -Node-based inference TechTool -node-based inference TechTool -Node-based inference rules TechTool -noisy channel framework TechTool -non-deterministic parsing choices TechTool -non-English ( Arabic ) stemmer TechTool -non-monotonic reasoning TechTool -numerical constraints TechTool -OCR system TechTool -ontology TechTool -open-domain question answering capability TechTool 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-user modeling systems TechTool -USRs TechTool -utterance classification TechTool -vector space model TechTool -visualization method TechTool -voice interactive system TechTool -voting- and arbiter-based combination strategies TechTool -web TechTool -Web TechTool -Web-based computer-assisted academic writing TechTool -word alignment TechTool -word classification TechTool -word disambiguation TechTool -Word Identification TechTool -word order generation TechTool -word segmentation TechTool -word sense disambigation models TechTool -word sense disambiguation TechTool -word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) TechTool -word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) models TechTool -word set representation TechTool -word-sense disambiguation algorithm TechTool -word-sense disambiguation systems TechTool -word-trigram recognition TechTool -WSD models TechTool -WSD programs TechTool -WSI TechTool -WSI algorithm TechTool -APT TechTool -CARE TechTool -CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system TechTool -Chat-80 TechTool -CMU's SMT system TechTool -FERRET TechTool -FlexP TechTool -FROFF TechTool -IDUS ( Intelligent Document Understanding System ) TechTool -InfoMagnets TechTool -JAVELIN TechTool -JAVELIN system TechTool -LCS-Marine TechTool -LHIP TechTool -linguistic tools TechTool -LOGON MT demonstrator TechTool -Lucy TechTool -MIT ATIS ( Air Travel Information Service ) system TechTool -MIT ATIS system TechTool -NOMAD TechTool -ONTOSCORE TechTool -Paramax spoken language understanding system TechTool -Paul TechTool -RAREAS TechTool -RINA TechTool -SPoT TechTool -SPRINT TechTool -STTK TechTool -SUMMIT recognizer TechTool -SYSCONJ system TechTool -TACITUS TechTool -TAP-XL Automated Analyst's Assistant TechTool -TGE TechTool +dags DSMMM +data structure DSMMM +hub DSMMM +hubs DSMMM +parse record DSMMM +path of arcs DSMMM +suffix array-based data structure DSMMM +word-trie DSMMM +actor paradigm Linguistics +Chomsky's minimalist program Linguistics +denotational semantics Linguistics +frame 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DSMMM +path DSMMM +path values DSMMM +priors DSMMM +root DSMMM +search space DSMMM +separation margin DSMMM +spanning edges DSMMM +submanifold DSMMM +terminal and non-terminal edges DSMMM +transition graphs DSMMM +tree DSMMM +weighed sum DSMMM +weighted sum DSMMM +complexity DSMMM +cooccurrence statistics DSMMM +dialogue duration DSMMM +error reduction DSMMM +Markov probability DSMMM +model parameters DSMMM +similarity DSMMM +user-defined performance thresholds DSMMM +accuracy DSMMM +accuracy rate DSMMM +agreement DSMMM +alignment quality DSMMM +analysis cost DSMMM +associative similarity DSMMM +automatic evaluation measures DSMMM +average precision DSMMM +average precision metric DSMMM +average retrieval times DSMMM +baseline DSMMM +BLEU DSMMM +BLEU score DSMMM +BLEU scores DSMMM +character and word error rate DSMMM +classification accuracy DSMMM +component performance DSMMM +computational complexity DSMMM +confidence DSMMM +confidence measures DSMMM +costs DSMMM +discourse 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probabilities DSMMM +translation accuracy DSMMM +translation probabilities DSMMM +translation quality DSMMM +translation speed and quality DSMMM +user satisfaction DSMMM +utterance classification performance DSMMM +vocabulary size DSMMM +word dependent substitution costs DSMMM +word error rate DSMMM +word or semantic error rate DSMMM +word sense disambiguation performance DSMMM +word-dependent substitution costs DSMMM +worst-case parsing time complexity DSMMM +WSD evaluation methodology DSMMM +bigram language model DSMMM +block unigram model DSMMM +candidate parses DSMMM +character bigrams DSMMM +Chinese word sense disambiguation model DSMMM +Chinese-to-English SMT model DSMMM +computation model DSMMM +computational model DSMMM +Conceptual Dependency Diagram ( CDD ) DSMMM +conditional loglinear models DSMMM +continuous density hidden Markov models ( CDHMM ) DSMMM +co-occurrence patterns DSMMM +dependency network representation DSMMM +dependency structures DSMMM +dependency trees DSMMM 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writing TechTool +word alignment TechTool +word classification TechTool +word disambiguation TechTool +Word Identification TechTool +word order generation TechTool +word segmentation TechTool +word sense disambigation models TechTool +word sense disambiguation TechTool +word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) TechTool +word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) models TechTool +word set representation TechTool +word-sense disambiguation algorithm TechTool +word-sense disambiguation systems TechTool +word-trigram recognition TechTool +WSD models TechTool +WSD programs TechTool +WSI TechTool +WSI algorithm TechTool +APT TechTool +CARE TechTool +CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system TechTool +Chat-80 TechTool +CMU's SMT system TechTool +FERRET TechTool +FlexP TechTool +FROFF TechTool +IDUS ( Intelligent Document Understanding System ) TechTool +InfoMagnets TechTool +JAVELIN TechTool +JAVELIN system TechTool +LCS-Marine TechTool +LHIP TechTool +linguistic tools TechTool +LOGON MT demonstrator TechTool +Lucy TechTool +MIT ATIS ( Air Travel Information Service ) system TechTool +MIT ATIS system TechTool +NOMAD TechTool +ONTOSCORE TechTool +Paramax spoken language understanding system TechTool +Paul TechTool +RAREAS TechTool +RINA TechTool +SPoT TechTool +SPRINT TechTool +STTK TechTool +SUMMIT recognizer TechTool +SYSCONJ system TechTool +TACITUS TechTool +TAP-XL Automated Analyst's Assistant TechTool +TGE TechTool training examples TechTool \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/embedmodel.txt b/data/training/embedmodel.txt similarity index 100% rename from data/embedmodel.txt rename to data/training/embedmodel.txt diff --git a/data/non_annotated_terms.txt b/data/training/non_annotated_terms.txt similarity index 95% rename from data/non_annotated_terms.txt rename to data/training/non_annotated_terms.txt index 832f26d..f8d676a 100644 --- a/data/non_annotated_terms.txt +++ b/data/training/non_annotated_terms.txt @@ -1,22980 +1,22980 @@ -knowledge editing -lfg lexicon lookup -homomorphism -general-to-specific learning -spoken document categorization -multilingual information exchange -arabic stemmer -constraint propagation algorithm -token processing -IBM Models 1-2 -semi-supervised learning -simultaneous speech -theoremhood -phonetic-based scoring -slot-filling schemata -time complexity -standard grammar textbook -principled feature selection -iexical acquisition -svm classifier -dynamic splitting -structure-sharing -cascaded chunking parsing -pre-discourse meaning -bottom-up approach -bigram distribution modelling -korean language -case particle -subject-object relation -dependency parsing -prosody -stochastic model -addressee prediction -domain-independent question answering -categorisation research -referent disambiguation -phrasal analysis program -parser-based approach -word-extraction -relation matching -ohsumed dataset -finite-state dependency parser -distributional analysis \ -knowledge storage -likelihood reestimation -projection -kpca-based model -look-ahead probability -automata induction -language generation -feature-value pair -source language text -knowledge representation structure -regression trees -phrase-based statistical machine translation -word reordering problem -multi-document fusion -semantic grammar -microsoft speech recognition -phrase clustering -gear rule-writing language -incremental acquisition -accident modelling -topic suspension and resumption -interactive query -metadata detection -ontology-based inference -past participle -topic shift detection -text summarisation system -information extraction and retrieval -multiple-output conversion -statistical alignment -speech tag -large vocabulary speech recognizer -vector normalization -pragmatic interpretation -term classification -parameter pooling -reuters corpus -speech act identification -learning module -phoneme string -tim sentence -chi-square statistic -length-based sentence alignment -discourse deictic anaphora -database lookup -term derivation -trec evaluation -statistical parser -phrasal reordering -subcategorization category -regularization framework -caseframe network -Japanese patent claim sentence -noun prediction -muc-5 joint-venture domain -lfg parsing -transformation scheme -concurrency -best-first clustering coreference -sequential rule application -interlanguage level models -quantifier logic -record linking -comparative study -atis corpora -linguistic knowledge customization -lambek calculus -learning techniques -data-intensive knowledge management -tree-adjoining grammar parsing -mixed initiative interaction -conjugate gradient search -entity-oriented parser -feature selection and extraction -word detection -lexical choice process -auditory-type modeling -syntactic mismatch -coherence model -parsing scheme -identification task -long terminal repeat -tile word graph -electronic mail -english corpus -chinese lexical -tree path -corpus-based training -semantic computation -verb attachment -lexemic syntax -functional evaluation -document collections -entity recognition -document representation -compound analysis -sense identification -feature selection criterion -expectation maximisation -knowledge-based categorization -natural dialogue -japanese corpus -binary classiflcation -segmentation dictionary -pattern recognition -feedback selection -real-time translation -automatic speech processing -muc task -symbolie learning -communicative goals -interactive clarification -resource sensitive logic -market basket analysis -udrs construction -shortest-path extraction -embedded programming -main clause -discovery system -beamsearch -finite-state transducer inference -segmental neural nets -rasp-based feature extraction -literal type -constraint satisfaction \ -morphology analysis -thematic structure -lambda conversion -homophone -language parsing and generation -nominalization -supervised learning schema -probability recomputation -basenp chunking -genus term -flat classification -knowledge-based machine translation -maximum entropy approach -heuristic parse -mean-shift region segmentation -concept-based analysis system -top-down parsing -top-down algorithm -multi-lingual information summarization -baum-welch forward-backward training -text-tospeech -out-of-vocabulary word recognition -pronominal anaphora resolution module -skeletal syntactic structure -network graph -rule-based translation system -cross-document coreference resolution -poisson distribution -finite-state tagging -top-down classification -exhaustive parsing -iterative design -treebank transduction -object oriented programming -one-anaphora resolution -semantic index -multilingual query interpretation -fragmenter module -modern standard arabic -shift-reduce parser -me modeling framework -unconstrained optimization -annotated newspaper text -perceptual map -word sense discovery -surface form restoration -phoneme recognizer -closed-set text-independent speaker identification -qa research -spoken lecture processing -concept abstraction -learning morpho-lexical probabilities -aggregation strategy -language understandin g -hearstpatternsforinstance-classrelation -scalar irrtplieature -encyclopedia text -hands-on training -ie method -data integration -list detection -syntactic priming -indefinite reference -dialogue context -constraint-based approach -qa system -basque -bilingual textalignment -ranking scheme -constraint-acquisition -representation schemata -syntactic transformation -English phrase -dataprocessing -symbolic manipulation -translation schemata -co-reference resolution -holder agreement -semantic reranking -word-trie -deductive restructuring -large technical text corpora -marker selection -quasi-destructive unification -statistical answer pinpointing -tense transposition -pattern generator -linear time algorithm -language generation and understanding -intelligent search -lc parsing algorithm -learning process -sequence matching -translation equivalent -preposition combination -hybrid disambiguation -communication device -candidateranking -cross-language processing -phrase combiner -gene ontology -genitive form -hinoki treebank -lexicologist -semantic role -message selection -scope bearing -damsl annotation scheme -chinese-english mt -performance enhancing -raising-verb adjunction -dictionary maintenance -loom knowledge representation -arabic ocr error correction -semantic language modeling -words recognition -instance extraction -grammar-based recognition -honorific genitive case marker -e-k transliteration model -mediated priming -acoustic signal -domain-independent text categorization -syntactic conversion -english part-of-speech -statistical parsers -cfs unification -distance extraction -ranked candidate list -hpsg parse disambiguation -parameter-independent learning -statistics-based alignment -context-free recognition -context understanding -natural language disambiguation -information extraction system -relative frequency -phrase boundary detection -smt algorithm -phrase level -relation-sense selection -abbreviations -question answering and summarization -pronunciation competence -sentence ranking -component interchangeability -game playing -sgml mark-up -sequence decoding -thesaurus -citation extraction and analysis -pseudo-clefting -spoken interface control -sls development -covariance matrix ~ -natural language programming -annotated corpora -baseline performance -conjunction operator -treebank parser -user-initiated clarification -artiiicial intelligence research -n-gram feature selection -bigram training -word spotting -text summarization and synchronization -principle-based theory -linear function approximation -forward match -yasmet me package -topic detection -non-parametric switching -deterministic parser -key phrase expansion -structured query -narrative understanding -sublanguage extraction -candidate selection -head word selection -sentential conjunction -thematic cohesion -ontological semantics -static reordering -string similarity -phrase boundary heuristics -glos annotation -human\/machine interface -keyphrase finding -tm system -system dialogue act -keyword-based document retrieval -rule-based model -meta language -probability estimation -acoustic score -complex word -hungarian orthography -tone learning -constraint-grammar system -multilingual natural language processing system -forward-connection -sanskrit syntax -pruning bigram -sentential parsing -deep analysis -well-formed formula -candidate elimination -routine counting -kappa statistic -constraint compilation -sectioning information -japanese-to-english translation -left-context checking -news corpus -generation model -gene normalization -similarity function -event calculus -em training -commentary understanding -rating system -cue phrase information -ranking candidate -dependency grammar -cnn segmentation performance -perplexity measure -bagging -computational linguistics evaluation -entropy-minimization approach -loopy belief propogation -compound noun segmentation -cross-validation methodology -anaphora generation -unsupervised relation extraction -Mt -model adaptation -kl-one representation language -combinatorial lexicology -project-and-integrate learning -relational notation -scope-ambiguity -web page -psm adaptation -frame instantiafion \ -protein information resource -atn grammar -risk minimization principle -tableaux system -phrase identification -unification morphology -planning dialogues -sense resolution -japanese dependency -semantic lexicon -crfs -real-time signal processing -generative lexicalized statistical parsing model -text ellipsis -memory space -sentence compression -multex -verb class disambiguation -sentence processing mechanism -hpsg parsing -text grammar -segmenter\/tokenizer -hmm recognition system -tree-adjoining grammar -generation lexicon -rule construction -supervised alignment combination -concept hierarchy -word lemmata -conventional sense -sociolinguistics -solution synthesis -skeleton binarization -tile similarity -english cs-case-parser -context assignment -sentence-structure analysis -structuring -kanji information dictionary -synt-tag -word-trigram recognition -grammar coverage -minimal acyclic finite state automaton -phone recognition -structurally-induced aggregation -morpho-syntactic tagging -genitive marker -bionlp -k-medoids method -meeting context -lexically distributed grammar -data translation -information content induction -exact match -lexical rule application -accuracy calculation -learned qualia -terminal substring parse -system training and development -node projection -biomedical text -internet -addressee identification -text-level anaphora -headcorner parsing -exponential time -human-annotated corpora -context-free parser -prosodic phrasing -word recognition model -constraint agent -semantic text processing -question answering applications -word resolution -document pre-processing -linear interpolation -emotion -document-level classification -break prediction -grammar engineering -tableaux -ie evaluation -japanese-english translation task -unlexicalized parsing -image processing -frame evaluation -numeric relaxation -structural extraction -discourse knowledge -wordnet domains -question answering research -authorship verification -assignment procedure -multi-document summarization -word-sense disambiguating -preference resolution -gold-standard dependency structure -tree-structured search -information retrieval clusters -syntactic-semantic grammar -keyword-based query expansion -small vocabulary isolated word recognition -syntactic patterns -semcor -semanticmarker -annotated treebank -treebank evaluation -corpus analysis -buffer -news recognizer -noun phrase extraction -inference approach -prefix probability computation -hybrid naive bayes -shallow parser -sentence splitting -topic segmentation -user interface research -audio navigator -corpus-based language learning -generative morphology -foreign language tutor -multimodal categorial grammar -proficiency estimation -information infrastructure -translation selection -non-deterministic automata -coordinated conjunction -term specificity and similarity -prosodic feature extractor -higher-level dialogue structure -word hit -segment spotting -repair identification -existential quantification -attachment principle -category-driven processing -delexicalisation -abstract strncture -discourse marker usage -word formation rules -corpus-based natural language processing method -bfgs training -word perplexity -defeasible reasoning -number matching -chinese text processing -language resource utilization -lfg f-structure annotation -deranged type detection -semantic markers\/selection restriction -maximum-likelihood probability -inside-outside re-estimation -frame acquisition -data structures -bilingual corpora alignment -noun segmentation -rhetorical relations -proportional voting -translation prototype -dp algorithm -optimisation technique -situation semantics -peak detection -collocation probability -expert human translation -diphone synthesis -suboptimal n-best weight estimation -constraint solving -recursive replacement -text analysis and generation -ad-hoc retrieval -deductive-inference -keyword translation -cohesive knowledge -wordclass information -human parsing system -heterogeneousness -rhetorical structure theory -technology -advice generation -grammar generation -syntactic information -knowitall -information state structure -uniform resource name -exponential model -domain-specific vocabulary -sentence-extraction summarization -probability value -lexical expansion -biased sampling -holder detection -referent identification -corpus-level relation extraction -why2-atlas -automated theorem-provin ~ -joint decoding -class discovery -tagged corpus -automatic question answering -generator -clustering method -syntactic phrase generation -chinese named entity recognition -elr parsing -latent dirichlet allocation -optimization method -rule-based machine translation -transfer component -dl-em algorithm -target language string -phonetic query expansion -discourse level -clinical e-science -feature analysis -arabic-english named entity translation -path growing -one clustering -bidirectional translation -free word order -token frequency -inference system -smoothing weight estimation -bayes constituent combination -probability transition matrix -rule template -vietnamese word -subject extraction -robot motion -tree classification -diagnostic evaluation -description refinement -grammatical knowledge acquisition -unlabeled dependency parsing -rim analysis -content characterization -self-training -automated score prediction -example-based learning -tree bank -grammatical relations -lexical organization -fuzzy term matching -word generation -non-verbal cue identification -audio\/tactile access -example-based mt -syntactic head -sequence classification -parameter search -limiteddomain speech -log-linear training -winner-take-all mechanism -synchronous multistack search -qualitative user evaluation -two-pass decoding -caseframe-based parsing -broadcast news audio -dependency path -named entity extraction -restriction rules -computer security -summariesa -nonlinear kernel pca -neighborhood density -web-based computer-assisted academic writing -location information -music understanding -sub-tree -zero topic assignment -co-occurrence relation -parameterselection -decision-tree -translation equivalents -hypergeometric co-citation -genetic algorithm -tempmrary storage -corrective training procedure -terminology extraction -native from non-native language essay -transfer mappings -successive learner -disambiguation processing -caller id -mar support and development -semantic distance measurement -power law model -language matching -classi cation task -lcsr -keyboard input -unpacking approach -memory-based recollection -empty nodes -norm -final state -phonetic decoding -word discovery -unknown-word detection -relative frequency count -one-dimensional error minimization -linguists -phrase structure description -quantitative selection -noise deletion -substitutional similarity -classi er conversion -combined classifier -intelligibility -situation calculus -knowledgebases -sound learning -controlled language generation -t-oricnted grammar model -implicit dates recognition -semantic role annotation -si recognition -word-sense discrimination -left corner derivation -chart realization -lsa-based essay grading -dependency model -style classification -animacy\/gender recognition -synchronous parse tree -October '91 dry-run test set -collocation frequency -document representation strategy -random sele ction -phrase mapping -pattern pruning -prior -language annotation -arabic-english translation task -hierarchical framework -human language generation -general world knowledge -recogition -automatic semantic role labeling -time-series analysis -automata -essay assessment system 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solution -cfg compilation -web-based bootstrapping -semantic type consistency -constraint solver -paraphrase classification -semantic orientation extraction -parsing strategy -interactive processing -syntactic error correction -features extraction -named-entity detection -semantic equivalence determination -graph rescoring -overlapping clustering algorithm -phonotactic distance -arabic-english translation -laplacian eigenmaps embedding -dialogue modeling -document plan -first-pass matching -monolingual bootstrapping algorithm -object-oriented programming -n-best beam search -penman -benchmark system -two-stage modeling -hidden markov modeling -name entity -sitspec -entity types -metaphorization -svm ranking -llsf mapping -team scoplng -associative retrieval -synchronous context-free grammars -correspondence estimation -convex optimization -intersentential anaphor resolution -parsing technologies -constituent pruning -classifying tools -hmm-based model -affix -nested noun -partial 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-model learning environment -mh parsing -semantic relation extraction -constrained optimization -speech input -automatic parse-based evaluation -clustermg -communicative act -korean language processing -cg generation -ranking learning -dn detection -semantic research -magnitude estimation technique -statistical left-corner parser -cognate identification -ir engine -japanese dependency structure -semantic feature tagging -nlp analysis -word-to-word alignment -redundancy removal -nl analysis -maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation -q learning -gold standard test -query-focused single document summarization -surface-level analysis -processing paradigm -clarification dialogue -frame representation -confidence value calculation -model optimization -knowledge acquisition method -lightly-supervised text classification -language disambiguation problem -probabilistic chart parsing -linguistic phenomena -machinc learning -pattern notation -natural-language parsing -paraphrase generation -fact 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-dialogue initiative -geographical reasoning -addressee classification -re-ranking performance -word-spotting -tag matching -asian language text -mandarin speech recognition -information exchange -event category -message passing -analogical modelling algorithm -constraint violation -glr context-free parsing algorithm -query training -statistical learning -extensible multimodal annotation -parse datum -coherence -prolog definite clause grammar -finite state network -stochastic grammar induction -text type -coherence checking -frame structure -dependency structures -discourse act -parse reranking problem -boundary disambiguation -document linkage -ccg generation -thematic roles -semantic consistency -spoken language systems -identity uncertainty -multi-language named-entity recognition -knowledge management support -speech recognition hypothesis ( srh ) -unsupervised grammar induction -lexical query language -grammar development system -empty category recovery -semantic taxonomy 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-set-valued indeterminacy -dutch language technology -text-to-text retrieval -syntactic corpus -frame matching -chunk information -transliteration candidate -head-argument-relation -lmr tagging -task performance -parser transferring -named entity prediction -discriminative hmms -gmm parameter -tree subtraction -supervised adaption -database search -entropy -presupposition projection -phrase-based unigram model -artificial language -cosubordination-based disambiguation -parser generator -summarizer -high-performance web-mining -text planning module -linguistic introspection -database management -large test data -noun resolution -monologue -fusion operation -language induction -quantitative evaluation -information space -dialogue act classifier -frame definition and annotation -anaphoric expression choice -weight learning -verb classes -selective alignment -internet archive -weighted-majority learning -easy parsing -unsupervised lexical category acquisition -ill huge learning corpora -database management system -semantic memory -word-counting -article generation -loss function -dependency graph -approximate parsing -regression algorithm -objective selection -idiomatic usage -phrase structure rule -segmental duration -property instance extraction -functional grammars -software module -concurrent , object-oriented natural language parse -boundary friction -qarla evaluation -blind testing -blocking -root node -paxt-of-speech tagging -image analysis and recognition -maptask corpus -unsupervised algorithm -tree transformation -contingent substitutability -sequential finite state device -retrieval system -kos framework -document content and structure -lexicology -lexical co-occurrence information -answer interpretation -duden grammar -learning-based coreference system -verb identification -credit card corpus -sense enumeration -post-translation expansion -multilingual cluster summarization -prepositional subcategorization -automatic paraphrase generation -multilingual 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-verb stem -isomorphic grammar -type derived-word -relation-driven skimming -first-order reasoning -monolingual text generation -alignment learning -tag sequence probability -annotation effort -lvq algorithm -term-based retrieval -sentence decomposition -nugget-based assessment -lanfuaoe understandinf -focus marking -homonym -statistical speech recognition -group-rating matrix -discourse situation -reading tracking -index parsing -limited-domain speech -sentence boundary determination -tactical generation -logic notation -smoothing-by-similarity -log-linear ( maximum-entropy ) models -automatic answer selection -approximate reasoning -conscientiousness -two-level tree -automata construction -transformational grammar recognition -chinese constituent parsing -universal language -subjectverb agreement -relation markup -unix computer -chinese proposition bank -rule-learning -word-based indexing -batch selection -constraint information -word-collocation-based relaxation -knowledge 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semantic role labeling -cross-lingual ambiguity -semantic web annotation -recurent conectionist network -character-based alignment -dialog-act recognition -cue phrase selection -statistical ambiguity resolution -dialog move generation -morphology shape rule -case structure -semantic acquisition -sentence-based keyboard input -discrimination procedure -pattern specification language -declarative\/imperative parsing -span edge -lfg-parser -truncated em -core module -joint intention theory -exact match accuracy -polar tree -observation system -caller identification -1-best training -citation processor -declarative rule -nonlinear principal component extraction -bottom-up chart generation -language thesaurus -conrinuous speech recognition -english-chinese language pair -good-turing method -word-translation lexicon -sentence summarisation -rule interference -morphological relatedness -pattern matehing -customized summarization -english framenet -maximum likelihood approach -event modifier -structural disambiguation -interpretation and generation of natural language -listener model -arabic processing -word categorization process -n-best reranking -www browser -random sampling -boost approach -tile translation system -multilingual information retrieval -mass noun -general chinese language processing -average precision metric -focus\/background determination -document context -translatiun -hmm method -semantic node -n-best phrase alignment -discourse state -hmm-based algorithm -adaptive dynamic programming -rule filtering -transformational generative grammar -indirect anaphora -logon Mt demonstrator -perplexity reduction -bracket alignment -canonical center retention -expressional type -rewriting environment -named-entity recognition system -history-based model -entropy parameter -rule-based tagger -pitch contour -entity clustering -tile context -boundary classification -discriminative learning -sense resolution \ -latinate morphology -paraphrase identification -lexical 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discovery -pattern induction -word segmentation problem -single character recovery -language model training -bottom-up realisation -gt rule optimization -ilingual legal terminology -cohesion -progressive search -spelling error -head-chart parser -first-order predicate calculus -concept -automatic evaluation -monolingual information retrieval -tag lattice parsing -phrase completion -subclass -html parsing -character-based chunking -correlation analysis -semantic role projection -cost-based evaluation -media conversion -syntactic annotation -tile expression -unit feature -lc grammar -rocchio algorithm -recursive-descent translation -grapheme -pcfgs -neighbour classification -expert system -offline evaluation -multi-threaded discourse management -automatic patternlearning -semantic categories -summary similarity -qualitative process theory -unification categorial grammar -psycholinguistics -uniformity measure -Japanese kanji-kana character -fixed-sentence translation -paragraph identification -event type network -supervised parsing -statistical machine translation ( smt ) -children language acquisition -sequence translation -metaphone spelling-correction -descriptive adequacy -linear mixture model -human-human-system interaction -incremental grammar development -source language recogniser -german-english verbmobil task -array microphone -English -message understanding -discourse structur -domain knowledge -character matching -statistical generation -unlabeled corpus -email message summarizer -vector space retrieval -template designing -nl generation -japanese sentence analysis -vector regression -press release corpus -definiteness assignment -information retrieval systems -information assurance and security -dp-based block alignment -information extraction engine -unification generator -inverse search -data management -viterbi training -text dictation -mobile telephone -graph matching -pronominal anaphora -natural language corpora -diphone concatenation -interactive speech enhancement -highly inflective language -information-sharing strategy -semitic morphology -term generalization -software sharing -asr task -word alignment links -news web site -adaptive confirmation -query composition -sense discrimination task -k-nn -text-to-image -lemmatisation -morpho-lexical analysis -dtg parsing -speech recognition quality -model development -extended wordnet -cepstral normalization -linear parsing -linguisitc knowledge -opportunistic search -air traffic controller -parsing system -conceptual model -english noun phrase -term specificity -complementary antonymy -version control -machine translation technology -cohesion constraint -darpa test set -size of the corpus -case frame transformation -argument boundary -logistic regression -win retrieval -language processing model -information retrieval \ -target language lexicon -infomagnets -pp-attachment resolution -machine generation -revision rule -bilingual sentence -programming paradigm -comlex 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-speech recognition unit -speech recognition and synthesis -information retrieval functionality -word sense identification -annotated phrase-structure -transliteration lexicon -classifier associations -sentence-level discourse parsing -automatic question generation -word trigram model -semantic transfer dictionary -discourse parsing -tagger lexicon -data-mining -penn wsj test set -html document -email conversation -sentence level processing -part-of-speech mapping -surface grammar -deterministic computation -meta-language -text-to-text generation -knowledge manager -forward-backward search -word index search -multi-modal corpora -russian verb morphology -error rate estimation -chinese speech recognition -question answering ( qa ) system -online search -entropy word alignment -output -word boundary -ucfg recognition -pattern representa -word alignment process -rtn-based approximation -morphologizer -non-constituent coordination -associative tree matching -viterbi-like parsing -labeled 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-ycoe corpus -lexical retrieval -non-parametrfc sign test -german parser -set comparison technique -class splitting -auxiliary verb -definite clause grauunar -word-translation-learning procedure -state feature -multilingual word sense -gazetteer2 construction -arabic-to-english translation task -structure merging -approximate smoothing -subsumption relation -loglinear lexicon symmetrization -drag-and-drop task modeling -discourse function -statistical language learning -alignment precision and recall -deterministic shift-reduce parser -extraction pattern learning -metacommunication -dialogue translation system -nonlinear phonology -multi-perspective question answering -data communication -syntax-semantics interface -nextgeneration web -rule composition -non\/nteractive speech technology -upenn treebank -discounting smoothing -domain expert knowledge -intelligent tutoring systems -syntactic pattern recognition -chinese word extraction -combinatory grammar -morpho-syntax -category label -classifiers -decision-tree induction algorithm -alignment template system -discourse marker insertion -coreference recognition -concept to speech -translation models -causal relation -keyword query -incremental copying -sentence adverbial -ranking algorithm -proximity matching -speech signal feature -english-chinese parallel corpus -pos-class -visualization research -nlp evaluation -parse tree probability -shallow syntactic structure -real-time machine translation -technological watcher -linguistic annotation framework -network bandwidth and computation -shift-reduce-drop parsing -slot class -lexicon-based alignment -table lookup process -orientation extraction -stack-based parsing -discriminative classification -model-based method -world modelling -multimodal dialog -structure rule -tree-adjoining grammars -syntactic corpus analysis -text generation programming -lexica -class disambiguattion -morpheme graph embedding -unigram probability -laboratory evaluation -user-defined 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-machine learnin g -information propagation -category merging -keyphrase extraction -encyclopedia -surface form word -noun phrase interpretation -language discourse understanding -log-linear and linear interpolation -decision tree learner -mdl-based generalization -term-based document retrieval -finite-state morphology tools -non-compositionality -spoken language interaction -definiteness\/indefiniteness -lr-parser construction -augmented-context-free generation -speech modeling -webclopedia -batch training -infurmation retrieval -augmented reality -refer expression -dis uency detection -graphic software environment -arabic root extraction -syntactic reordering -computational modefing -relevance weighting and selection -trigram decoding -automatic processing -lri parsing -natural language application -unification-based grammar -logical expression -iterative refinement -source document identification -expert-system -language dialogue understanding -timex -valency constraints -head 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-model estimation and recovery -morphology module -dialogue act tagging -linguistic model -lexicalised dependency grammar -irregular inflection -syllable boundary -concept cluster -medium fluency speech -Mt system -news wire corpus -ontology learning -electronic information -summit recognizer -finitestate -arabic retrieval -sound unification -algorithmic analysis -knowledge engineering technique -recursive descent algorithm -extraction-based system -search query -linguistic programming -speaker group modeling -turing computing machinery -chinese-english sentence alignment -naturallanguage processing -type determination -lexical phonology -new word detection -weighted score -selection technique -autotutor cognitive modeling task -inverse docmnent frequency -plan recognition -noun paraphrasing -exhaustive search -parallel text mining -rule constraint -automatic lexicon evaluation -nominal analysis -mesh smoothing and optimization -perceptron hmm -svm-based voting -variant generation 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research -viterbi parsing -heuristic symmetrization -contingency table -open test -english-language interface -speaker change information -output coding -out-of-vocabulary word -language interpretation agent -top-down backtracking parsing -structural index -context-sensitive spelling correction -single-pass complete link clustering -sub-structural alignment -language model automaton -spectral interpretation -nonhybrid disambiguation -grammar environment -adverb phrase -document weighting -english ibm4 models -answer resolution algorithm -phrase-pair selection -training efficiency -random sentence selection -chunking procedure -text segments -javelin system -domain-independent parsing -weblog classifier -verb diathesis alternation -term manipulation -mle reestimation algorithm -parallel tagging -denominal adjective -dialogue recognition -semi-automatic verb pattern generation -empty categories -segmentation process -sinhala syllabification -dependency kernel -sentence scope and 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identifier -semantic preference -conditional probability distribution -grammatical-functional information -emotion prediction -categorical ambiguity -empty node resolution -computational corpus -vocoder -overlap ratio association measure -chart-based phrase structure parse -phrase boundary -recognition task -information provision -text understanding and learning -atr process -classification error rate -ne extraction -word sense interpretation -pattern-based interpretation -predictive annotation -risk minimization -rtf output -ar algorithm -parsing information -constituent boundary parsing -task-oriented evaluation -relation detection and classification -association principle -nwise-consistency -dative movement -part-of-speech tag -non-word error correction -speaker-independent phoneme recognition -gisting evaluation -word sense classification -rfm estimation -system-oriented evaluation -dialogue strategy selection -discourse macro structure -monolingual clustering -hybrid summarization -noisy channel spelling -system combination -statistical acquisition -spelling suggestion -frame semantics paradigm -deduction system -entity tagging -np head -semantic categorization problem -speech act -sequence scoring -multi-lingual text-to-speech -motor control -n-gram clustering -association strength -knowledge summarization -corpus-based evaluation -hpsg generation -multi-class classi cation -multiple-choice synonym test -automated indexing -affix analysis -adjectival subcategorization -bilingual text -sentence aggregation -hierarchical knowledge representation -semantic interpretation \ -nlp shell -consistency checking -recall -phrasing -english word-dependency -syntactic combiner -discourse history -middle eastern languages -new event detection -constraint-satisfaction inference -case notation -corpus marking -maps -flat-probability grouping -concurrent computation model -text retrieval application -sense disambiguation model -robust text analysis -classi cation accuracy -s-stemmer -fast tree-trellis -markov models -annotation technique -delta energy -tag sequence -ai search -symbolic logic -time-synchronous decoding -large scale corpora -dialogue efficiency -node-based inference -attribute-selection -corpus development -analogy-based approach -informatio n extraction -initial query construction -information storage -information retrieval engine -string match feature -memory-based approach \ -error-driven learning -unsupervised morphology induction -noun phrase detection -text categorization method -score assignment -interdisciplinary theory -continuous speech recognition -naive bayes networks -translation model induction -si modeling -sentence-clustering approach -probabilistic parsing -cyk algorithm -boundary classification task -shallow screening -confidence measure -training speaker -language understanding model -overt case marker -bigram pruning -optimization procedure -temporal extension -experimental results -automatic scoring -semantic 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understanding -language understandlnu -markov alignment model -language understandlng -Multimedia answers -speech translator -first argument indexing -feature specification -acronym identification -phoneme error rate -paragraph formation -focus determination -identification module -speech and information retrieval -non-projective labeled dependency parsing -tile reduction -story identification -rank aggregation -levantine phonology -inflectional process -coherence rules -n-best search -training documents -feature-based unification grammar -extraction capability -learning task -likelihood estimation method -flat-depth grouping -log-linear combination -prosodic representation -informal spoken language -machine translation and interpretation -laplacian embedding -event sequence likelihood -statistical\/machine learning -node packing -hardware verification -automated text categorization -word conversion -parallel corpus -annotated text corpora -ravenclaw -parameter setting -user utterance 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identification -morph -automatic query expansion -best-first agenda processing -annphora resolution -locality preserving indexing -transducer -network-based access -interactive planning -left corner parsing -pronunciation learning -svm-d -chinese speech ner -subject honorification -annotated sentence extraction -proper name recognition -compound extraction -hapax legomenon -story detection -rule-based traverse -depth-first search -thm annotation -knowledge structuring -deep understanding -surface generation component -unification approach -dialog manager -technical documenlatioii -full-text retrieval -dialog system -textalignment -rcgs -semantic analysis program -reversible grammar -search space pruning -unstressed vowel -structural transfer -person name match -segment classification -communicative meaning -parsing grammar -amendment-based evaluation -tile construction -idiomatic expressions -timeml annotation scheme -knowledge -abductive inference -information retrieval and storage -situation recognition -projection technique -tag set -word-processing -intelligent text retrieval -focus shift -evaluation experiment -speech recognition transcription -tsnlp framework -representation structures -local reordering -english-french lexicon -human scorer agreement -agglomerative method -manifold regularization -semi-automatic corpus analysis -predicative block -inferencing -thesaurus production -approximate text search -systematic ambiguity -predicate decomposition -maximum entropy framework -computer conferencing -compound noun -question answering evaluation -experimental setting -voicemail transcription -dimension expansion -high-frequency occurrence -unsupervised estimation -newspaper processing -phrase structure induction -similarity-based learning -nlp system development -paragraph insertion -ranking dependency -weight space -color change detection -semantic parse -head matching -conceptual inference -word handling -adaptive topic-probability estimation -speech act classifier -parser comparison -information redundancy -decision-tree induction -cross-entropy minimization -inductive dependency parsing -translingual retrieval -inductive-learning decision-tree -entailment recognition -morphological treatment -n-gram-based text categorisation -focus assignment -citation feature -language reception -grammar inducing -statistical t-test -naive bayesian -unidirectional grammar-based medical speech translation -prop-bank -contemporary english -computational inference -quality-based selection -parallel-processing -matrix vocoder -source language sentence -information annotation -wordnet senses -mt-based paraphrasing -short term memory -word compounding -numerical classification -seeds generation -component communication -communicative interaction -agile multilingual content workflow -event-based programming model -discourse segment tagging -speech recognition \/ -data structure -n-best list parsing -error detection and repair -subdialogue -incremental chart parsing -free text representation -syntactic sub-category -treebank tag set -retrieval systems -automatic knowledge extraction -hypertext construction -language learning and use -cost partitioning -identity check -gradual approximation -legal reasoning -text plan -automatic understanding -relative clause formation -bayesian belief network -system performance -pcfg estimation -speech synthesis technology -basenp identification -greedy learning -event-aligner component -c-k-y recognition -mail transfer protocol -roget ' thesaurus -text-translation alignment -speech stream -phrase category -indexation system -inference theory -interface algorithm -offline manual editing processing -finite state model ( fsm ) -statistical parameter estimation -automatic summarization evaluation -message processing -software configuration -problem solving -centering theory -mathematical expression -essay paraphrasing system -morphological component -distribution matrix -large reference corpora -intonation unit boundary -context sharing -hypemym -metaphone spelling-correction algorithm -distributional word clustering -grammar re-estimation -foreign language tutoring -information-based case grammar -case identification -bilingual lexicon construction -anaphor resolver -spelling-checkers -natural-language translation -one learning -pronunciation optimization -information retrieval community -direct recognition -inversion transduction grammars -levenshtein -application programming interface -compiler writing -argument positioning -direct modeling -correlational clustering -automatic query building -subcategorisation behavior -cp finding -hastiness -markov modelling -retrieval task -svms -dictionary-based term recognition -frequency-controlled pseudoword disambiguation -sentence-to-sentence translation -inachine learning -information organization -context-free constituent -tree-to-tree alignment -supervised relation extraction -tile prediction -binary splitting -central search server -semantic parser -data corpus -conversational intelligence -subword indexing -natural language -word form -phrase generation -incremental pruning -mapping method -automaton-based approach -levenshtein edit distance -incremental error reduction -lexical optimization -relevance feedback engine -japanese word segmentation -n-gram extraction -feature design -semantic determination -information-seeking discourse -probabilistic modeling approach -argument position -non-compositional interpretation -text-only feature set -bayesian clustering -variable-length mutual information modeling -probability density -compound interpretation -modeling dialogue processing -sentence processing and analysis -component inter-communication -trigram acquisition -systematic generalization -the discrimination capacity -supervised sense tagger -head feature principle -syntactic\/semantic parsing -interactive information discovery -word-correction -web mining -error-driven algorithm -confidence assessment -da recognition -systematic covariation -semantic evidence -upper-layer ontology -spearman rank correlation -two-step optimization -automatic term recognition -discourse segment -web-based english-korean machine translation system -real-time recognition -lexical recurrence -german inflection -word-net -agenda-based parsing -timeml timex3 standard -sentence-extraction -tree selection -text pre-storage -incremental adaptation -part-of-speech annotation -computer testing -graph compression -detection function -broadcasting corporation -top-down goal expansion -hypernym tree -left-associative parsing -cosine coefficient -computer technology -iterative-classification -suffix identification -linguistic theorising -k-nearest-neighbor classification -behavior analysis -lexical access -ipa mapping -token promotion -e-commerce -cue phrase -tokenization disambiguation -lcs calculation -coarse-to-fine analysis -f-structures evaluation -document preprocessing -computerresponse selection -word-classification algorithm -steepest descent search -channel modeling -bag-of-words and segment order-sensitive string comparison method -semantic priming -thematic marker -robust speech recognition -syntactic constituency information -frequency correlation -ner model -part-of speech tagging -sequence recognition -structure optimization -combinational ambiguity -information merging -parallel generation -manual query construction -computational algorithm -upward search -scopal polarity -interpretation rules -co-occurrence -muc scoring algorithm -ocr performance -statistical rule induction -morphological lexicon -referential expression generation -passage selection -fuzzy clustering -constraint relaxation -fine-grained pruning -foreign-name -representation format -nominal anaphor -online large margin learning -syntax-based resolution -asr language model -distance search -acronym extraction -boosting -external phrase-structure -document presentation -scoring metric -industrial information technology -upuc corpora -physical gesture recognition -one-against-all learning -text formatting -narrative discourse -acquisition software -metonymic language use -quantificalion -grammar-based generation -threshold determination -evidential reasoning -information delivery -corpus -on-line recognition -ambiguity-preserving translation -case-assignment -template construction -sense discovering -multiword expressions -off-line compilation -on-line learning -surface generation -bnc sampler corpus -n-gram -feature aggregation -discourse constituent -syntactical analysis -lm adaptation -hpsg-style feature -viterbi search algorithm -distance-weighted averaging -dependency parse tree -sentence composition -lambek sequent theorem proving -statistic -nomlex -comparison function -composite structure -concept unification -speech technology research -information linking -web-derived answer -large-vocabulary language modeling -linguistic index -probabilistic decision tree -goal skipping -statistical machine translation -foreground lexicon -lexical entailment criterion -ucego -generative programming -entity identifier -text matching -interpretation accuracy -geometric mean -hbm training -base noun -english meaning representation -velar harmony -model selection criterion -dependency modeling group -categorization scheme -clump generation -interface toolkit -database querying -discourse composition -document alignment -trw systems development -classifler -manual word alignments -dichotomy coefficient -rule-based phrasing algorithm -hyper-parameter estimation -interaction process -model smoothing -lr parser generator -term intersubjectivity -model refinement -structure of the sentence -surface realization -alignment combination -linear logic -np-detection -translation lexicon induction -bu-lc parser -statistical method -human transcription -forward-reasoning -attribute type -stochastic tagger -parse scoring -french-japanese dictionary -language engineering -english verb particle -dependency link -treebank randomization -headline generator -question-driven retrieval -training instance selection -ontology population -lazy unification -context-sensitive parsing -rhetoric-based planner -discourse structuring -universal grammar -non-parametric estimation -user-delined inheritance -island parsing research -preposition lexicon -top-down planning -trainable sentence planner -anchors -medical web search -simulated anneal approach -formalization -chunker -Spoken language translation -language grounding -discourse processing \ -automatic generation -grammars -baum-welch estimation -pathology -lexical information -identification accuracy -derivational affixation -instrumentation -topic marker -decision-making -query language -dynamic programming beam-search -monolingual selection -document gisting -tree splitting -lexical data-base -conditional estimation -structural translation -lexical acquistilion -latlice n-best algorithms -plan tracking -syntactic preference modeling -beam decoder -adaptive conceptual word sense disambiguation -evolutionary computation -post-modifying sentence adverb -overlap measure -ontology description -hmm-based alphadigit recognizer -break index detection -word transducers -maximum likelihood optimization -valency -biography generation -Slovak -syntagmatic relationship -selection mechanism -brown tagset -maxlikelihood -sentence co-occurrences -automatic word alignment -pre-translation document expansion -german surface structure -phone n-gram model -web-page structuring -katakana transliteration -pos kernel -automatic mt -tracking procedure -tree-based error correction -conventional adaptation -spoken language evaluation -spurt segmentation -target grammar -aggressive pruning -language knowledge model -computational tractability -repair detection -vowel reduction -distance learning -database access -unit selection -relational evaluation scheme -inuktitut-english bitext -hierarchy construction -chinese-english alignment -syllable-to-word conversion -dice factor -viterbi beam search -random order -rhetorical planning -quantifier-free formulae -ned detection -automatic counting scheme -word-pair language model -lexical similarity measure -event structure -ellipsis interpretation -prosody analysis -knowledge acqtfisition -automatic translation evaluation -cyclic automaton -paragraph cohesion -topic clustering -msr gold test -subordinate conjunction -letter\/sound generation -focused partial resolution -corpus-based adaptation -expert parser models -lexical-semantic database -muc-5 lexicon -feature split -statistical classification algorithm -feature mapping -category cooccurrence restriction ( ccrs ) -stochastictransducer induction -polarity classification -reference generation -development foundation -subordinate discourse -indirect speech act -clausal logic -language genenttion -transportability -passage -prosodic modeling -discourse processor -syllogistic reasoning with disposition -voice-interactive telephone -taxonomic name extraction -unsupervised topic identification -existential quantifier -uncertainty reasoning -cutoff method -rank-order correlation coefficient -text planning -dialog evaluation -sentencelevel information -multilingual translation -chu-liu\/edmonds optimization -classication -rpda -semantic representations -event extraction -information seeking -constraint-based processing -tabulation -multilingual speech identification -cross-language disambiguation -fst parsing -wordspotting -prosodic phrase structure -lagrange multiplier -treebank querying -automatic text summarisation -lexical chain computation -automatic hyperlinking -clause ordering -discourse production -learning environments -art classification -meta-comment identification -sense-tagged training datum -dynamic-programming parser -one-level phonology -speech synthesis -text summarization model -arabic grammar -binomial frequency -lexicalized tree -lexical-syntactic selection -word translation -dialog understanding -blog content -classification tree design -modern biology -language production -sound-to-letter -inexact knowledge -directed graphs -dynamic information visualization -rccursive partitioning -usability -search procedure -entity recognition system -multigen architecture -unconstrained speech -hyphenation -hand-crafted template-based or rule-based approach -hmm topic segmentation -dialogic communication -word morphology -memory editing -unconstrained parsing -acyclic problem graph -entropy models -monolingual bootstrapping -propbank srl -rte dataset -tree-like structure -prefixes and suffixes -probabilistic generation -representations -terminology data banks -spanish disambiguation -language processing environment -multilingual natural language processing -text style -character-based classification -permutation modality -commentary system -record linkage -decision tree classification -book corpus -inc. ltc weighting -variation error detection -grolier ' encyclopedia -japanese terminology -word space -fine-grained disambiguation -corpus validation -history-based grammar model -mixed-language web page -verb complementation -language transcription -moshier-rounds tableau proof -variable initiative dialogue -mono-lingual retrieval -pattern matching -fitting procedure -multi-dimensional input -discourse interpretation -large vocabulary speech translation -enhancement algorithm -activation marker -optimization toolkit -locative alternation -document-level subjectivity -bigram scoring -linear programming -spread-activation -pronoun resolution method -adjective-noun combination -iterative maximization -memory-based parse -entity recognition program -extraction methodology -chinese\/english corpora -semantic-representation-to-speech system -hypertext generation -cgi preprocessing -ir system testing -chinese language analysis -lexical category ambiguity -classification induction -polynomial parsing -multimodal dialogue -image recognition -parallel corpus analysis -machine-aided system -discourse copying -automatic word segmentation -semi-supervised approach -direct syntactic correspondence -negative instance selection -document type definition -model merging -domain-independent knowledge -electronic publication -constraint dependency grammar -function optimisation -formal representation -complexity-theoretic analysis -object-oriented grammar model -rank order -free-word order -lexical knowledge base -bayes learner -japanese romanization -benchmark data set -multilingual communication -gradient-based method -left-corner grammar -support vector -lexicalized model -user classification -HBG model -cross entropy -spoken dialog -ne type -elearning -lexical-semantic knowledge -chinese-english corpus -language annotation tool -mode coordination -pictorial english dictionary -phrasal attachment -learning paradigm -tree frame -domain template creation -weighted nite state transducer -tree automata -latex -frame combiner -nominal attribute -automated presentation generation -finite-state calculus -textual entailment -electronic file transfer -demographic analysis -referent tracking -phase structure information -bayesian model selection -path evaluation -medical ontology -medoid clustering -digital museum -non-concatenative language -human language technology -rule-based synthesis -german language interface -contextual representation -cross-validation evaluation -understanding process -unstructured information -automated extraction -multi-level answer resolution algorithm -meeting processing and retrieval -extraction patterns -natural language engine -text knowledge base -broadcast news collection -answer reranking -network creation -feature selection and regularization -path of arc -baseline system -taxonomic link -review classification -probabilistie modeling -reranking -itg parse -social network analysis -object identification -parallelism verification -on-line database browsing -metadata collection -non-chain rule -synthesis component -sense selection -fine-grained opinion -automatic information retrieval -wordnet class -semantic linker -transition graphs -web crawling -eam search -agenda processing -kernel pca -2-phase algorithm -edit identification -prosodic morphology -pp-chunking -statistical language processing -serial search -grammatical relation assignment -signature reranking -thematic role -multi-lingual dependency parsing -on-line handwriting recognition -case -tree design -feature ranking -proper noun identification -java programming language -term expansion -conceptual decoder -text selection -grammatical word -feature vectors -inter-judge reliability -pause prediction -wcp extraction method -korean text -linguistic representation -rule type -word interpretation -reasoning system -type-unification -unknown word -participant -monotonization -activity generation -korean corpus -bilingual or multi-lingual text -database access environment -pierrehumberts theory -derivational morphology -rationale clause -phrase structure tree -knowledge-extraction -lexicon transducer -xinhua corpus -inference making -error rate -wide-band speech -user modelling -speech understanding -gramnlars parsing -skew divergence -evaluation set -dependency structure grammar -language-independent sentence alignment -information management scheme -winnow learning -intensional reasoning phase -rule instantiation -noun chaining -cpu time -phase extraction -verb disambiguation -pole-based overlapping clustering -rhetorical role classification -thematic segmentation -expansion technique -concept classifier -semantic learning -generative diagram-design -rule induetion -attribute indexing -conversational language -tree kernel -simulator -transformational generative grammar \ -text-tospeech system -automatic lexical acquisition -clusterization -p.d.t smoothing -spelling correction system -mood -vector processing -entity translation -deterministic search -distributional similarity estimation -knowledge-poor pronoun resolution -metric optimization -translation research -noun tagging -ontological modeling -al method -structural retrieval -estimator -bootstrapping procedure -theta theory -range concatenation grammar [ rcg ] formalism -type assigmncllt module -lattice parsing -structure learning -cme feature selection -text tiling -lexical segmentation system -keywords selection -lexical frame -intelligent tutoring -dm-command -artificial intelligence projects -tense and aspect -phonetic similarity modeling -main verb -openccg surface realiser -semiautomated sconng -automatic speech transcription -part-of-speech tagger -name coreference -structural embedding -nn-based outlier detection -english-to-chinese translation -thai word segmentation -interpretation process -ner problem -idiomatic interpretation -mindnet -parse selection model -named entity classification -clause boundary -pause information -machine readable dictionaries -part-of-speech disambiguation -task identification -n-best voting -domain-specific extraction -corpus comparison -text interlingua -verbal head -theoretical calculation -informal writing -dictionary look-up -tomita parsing -ccg realisation -sentence position -grammar extraction and pruning -semantic knowledge-base -expectation evaluation -chinese word -Penn Treebank WSJ -phrase-based translation system -constructivist learning -phrase structure processor -argumentation system -highdimensional feature space -lisp -sentence-simplification -discourse structure annotation -domain knowledge base -term lookup -concept counting -om parsing -denotational semantics -syndetic modelling -pinyin name resolution -interactive voice response -relevance feedback mechanism -lexter -linguistic parsing -aligned corpus -second order feature -xml manipulation -multiple choice tasks -concept analysis -unsupervised paraphrase acquisition -swi-prolog -chart handling -access time -interlingual pathway -argument table -information interchange and compression -understanding technology -unification operation -prosodic processing -selective sampling method -validation policy -semantic clustering -computer-system -unification-based transfer approach -summarisation service -obligations management -regression planning -confidence rejection threshold -polynomial algorithm -smt research community -head-driven phrase structure grammar -tree modeling -coarse-grained knowledge -inversion transduction grammar -parsing procedure -proposal evaluation -speech-recognition -lexicalised grammar -naive bayes model -lexical neural-network -wordnet verb sense -pitch accent -preconditioned conjugate -probabilistic formalism -reverse n-gram segmentation -pattern-based hyponymy extraction -computational models -tense mapping -knowledge-based system -automatic lexical relation discovery -resolution mechanism -symbolic learning -generalized quantifier approach -word use and meaning -pronoun detection -japanese word -word fragments -telephone interface -chunking -right-branching -natural language processing system -content planning component -n-best list -expectationmaximization -meta-data extraction -extrapolation -query session -phoneme-based syllabification -programming system -weight estimation -template slot -partially-supervised procedure -structured text -discourse structure tagging -japmlese construction -topicsegmentation -nlpwin parser -unsupervised sequence modeling -subject domain assignment -collaborative process -group discrimination -pronunciation modeling -spontaneons speech -finite automaton -natural language transfer -forward beam-search -parser performance -c-free automata -content expansion -probabilistic retrieval system -text selection and\/or classification -disjunctive ambiguity -manual pattern engineering -web development -semantic speech function -iterative method -sulnmarization -mean average precision -acoustic likelihood -hybrid approach c4.5-rules -relative pronoun disambiguntion -dependency syntax -hyper relation -lexically-driven parsing -transcript evaluation -finite mixture model -corpus cast3lb -predictiveness property -subject-verb-agreement -chain length parameter -hyper-literate programming -plan parsing -proximity-based similarity -sentential level ellipsis -message understanding conference-4 -rank-by-confidence -trigram-integrated decoding -sentence parser -rapid prototyping -biographical database -tagging precision -tree template -parameter values -multilingual lexicon -syntactic hypothesis -terminal and non-terminal edge -svc identification -scoring program -first-order formulae -weighted constraint satisfaction -quality maintenance -al research -constraint-checking -word-spotting task -word order realization -synthetic vision -positive naive bayes -finite state tools -statistical tagger -table construction algorithm -argument raising -rule-based analyzer -c-value -specialized communication -document content -project scheduling and budgeting -maximum entropy classifier -grammatical classification -machine-readable representation -ccg parsing -human conversation -signal-to-noise ratio -topological parser -recognition rate -japanese morphological processing \ -iterativc optimization -linguistic correction -bunsetsu identificatkm -morphology learner -rulelearning -mate coding -japanese language proficiency -acyclic graph -sentence construction -substitution grammar -adaboost -caching -cfg constituent -word set representation -homophone disambiguation -concurrent implementation -msa parser -mst parsing -shag parsing -penn-iii treebank -cross-validation testing -testing sublanguage analysis -rule-based generation -quantifier-raising -word connectivity -syntactic language modeling -structure acquisition -annotated training set -word segmentation accuracy -language translation -real-time large vocabulary speech recognition -pitch rise -subordinate clause marker -terminological inference -translational equivalence -dialogue management module -honmgraphie -tag extraction -indexation algorithm -text chunking -lexical , syntactic , semantic , and structural information -dh domain identification -anaphor -semantic indexing -judgement prediction -document length -reason identification -english pitch accent -interaction grammars -signature creation -automatic speech understanding -ambiguity labeling -argument alternation detection -verbal verification -sun microsystems -discourse-based summanzatlon -mml assumption -lexical\/syntactic selection -wordnet structure -interactive disambignation -semantic predication -sensibility judgment -combinatory categorial grammars -muc style extraction -lcflex parser -dialog structure -dependency-linked n-gram -decision trees -logical forms -ontoscore -classi cation -subset construction -post-translation document expansion -name recognition -vision system -trigger language model -lexical learning -kfold cross-validation -verb formation -pascal rte evaluation -lexieal well-formedness -morphophonemic variation -verb form -ogi multilanguage telephone speech corpus -model perplexity -finite-state mechanism -inverted representation -co-occurrence matrix -feature-based word grammar -paraphrase extraction and ranking method -non-symmetrical matrix -referential ambiguity -term dioscovery -block translation -topic adaptation -association measure performance -recapitalisation -domain distribution -nominal anaphora -online information mining -bayesian classifier analysis -itg alignment -tile hearer -grammar rule -multi-beam search -hclp language -atis data set -scanworx tm scanner -free distribution -feature focus -role labeling -dynamic time warping -nlc system -unification-based parsing system -natural language dialogue -quantifier placement -idf-based retrieval -classification model -linear microphone array -preposition stranding -well-formed string -language model smoothing -object-oriented scripting -automatic wrapper induction -sentence selection -solution quality -multi-lingual information retrieval -parse prediction -multi-modal output -template morphology -tag-based generator -vocabulary acquisition -encyclopedic knowledge -monolingual parallel corpus -sparse data -similarity-based summarization -language analysis and synthesis -intercoder reliability -p2p application framework -transliteration procedure -recognition equipment -communicative language teaching -ellipse -penn treebank annotation -discourse marker identification -question -indirect speech acts -template-based approach -fragmentary recognition -language behavior analysis -word sense disambigation models -automatic analysis tool -partitioning -160-million-word english-chinese parallel corpus -conceptual aggregation -hmgtutge processing -simple majority voting -radixsort -picky parsing -database query system -conversation corpus -occurrence identification -belief tree -email summarization -generative models -dictating -syntactic acceptability -machine perception -thai word extraction -maximum-likelihood bracketing -finite state recognition -meaning -symbol-manipttlation -discriminative estimation -name tagging -sentential negation -translation probability -maximum entropy method -authorship attribution -automatic speech indexing -shallow understanding -inside-outside unsupervised learning algorithm -touch screen input -document representation and classification -sentiment analysis -human speech processing -ontology editor -book indexing -unit-to-unit interaction -label clause -syntactic behavior -name pronunciation -communicator system -wikipedia -traffic control camera -dictionary term -translation service -medical text processing -tree building -annotated training text -word token -pipelining approach -corpus-based discourse understanding -polysemic verb -phrase fronting -deterministic finite automaton -structure prediction -language database -grammar debugging -maximum-entropy -dialogue network -pronominal anaphor -abstractive summary -multimodal output -document retrieval -domainrestricted compound translation -dependency grammars -newspaper corpus -semantic retrieval -corpus of multiple English translation -muc-6 coreference corpus -morphological annotation -document indexing and query -closure duration -harmonisation -romanization -sentence dividing -content modification -aps -apt -machiue translation -plural pronoun -hidden markov modelling -7-fold cross validation -eagles -evaluation toolkit -free text analysis -applied knowledge processing -noun-classifier matching -job advertising -structure datum -head determination -parts of speech -decision-based model -structural bias -information processing -text segmenting -recursive splitting procedure -opinion extraction task -grammatical object -mt quality -quantitative knowledge -linguistic measure -graphical analyzer tool -context priming -knowledge representation and manipulation -probbank -lexicon representation -constraint checking -inter-component communication -travel expression corpus -turing machine computation -non-monotone translation -search optimization -knowledge database -english homograph -generation strategy -textract architecture -parallel training -mechanical segmentation -paraphrase discovery -rule reduction -word order transformation -data validation -functional annotation set -source text -automatic semantic role identification -multimodal interpretation -speech recognition module -social science -community-wide use -thematic selection -computer processing -biomedical named entity recognition -senseval-2 data set -frequency determination -psycholinguistic modeling -matrix calculation -speech database -direction assistance -author unmasking -text wrapping -sense definition -linear scan -classification method -case-based Mt ( cbmt ) -word modeling -nearest neighbour -french-german translation -finite-state grammar -head-driven derivation -gaussian computation -intersective levin classes -syntactic coverage -animacy -gesture recognition algorithm -morton approach -segmentation verification -sort hierarchy development -gap-filling -verbal interaction -user modeling -sentiment -indexing approach -collocational disambiguation -adaptable simulation -micro-clustering -retrieval component -fixed-word-order -procedural type information -similarity matrix -in-car speech dialogue -pinyin-english translation -software tool development -gpsg\/hpsg -japanese question classification -phoneme insertion -text handling -pitch contour clustering -reflexive pronoun -tf weighting -meaningful text -word matchings -pc video-conferencing -mt evaluation system -certainty-based sample selection -eq near synonym -linguistic corpora -mixture-of-posteriors approach -automatic translation -longest-matching word segmentation -email text -truth measurement -lexical database -constraint-based retrieval -language modeling -communications system -machine-learning classification -inductive logic programming -opinion recognition -linguistic similarity -sequential ehmination -series decomposition -csr pilot corpus -speech synthesizer -web corpus -icophone -multi-way classification -signal space -cross document coreference -mandarin tts synthesis -utterance planning and production -multimodal input -database system -speaker-adaptation system -back-off model -merged automaton -unigram-based translation -backbone grammar -deductive inference -language processing and analysis -norreal unification -rule probability estimation -sparse string kernel -modern chinese processing -text summarization -optimum tree search -dialog processing -tabular parsing style -substitutability -truncation -tree model -explanation-based learning -pattern generation -template-based natural language generation -finite-state tree automata -greedy approach -calculus notation -knowledge system -korean-to-english query translation -modular architecture -semi-automatic learning -content-based scoring -task-oriented dialogue -post error correction -pc-kimmo -automated documentation -bilingual sign -co-occurrence database -refinement-driven plmming -coclustering -kernel estimation -written texts -character alignment procedure -machine-readable dictionary ( mrd ' ) -identification -earleylike parser -tree posterior -homonymy -word-based recognition -japanese ne recognition -complementary correction -translation candidates -cross-linguistic information -multilingualextraction -morphological affix -string subsequence kernel -penman upper model -semantic web ontology -non-hierarchical clustermg -named entity transliteration -state labeling -smt training -loanword formation -orientation detection -corefence annotation -noun homograph disambiguation -feature augmentation -hansards dataset -prosody-based topic segmentation -morphosyntactic agreement -data reduction -nearest-neighbor case retrieval -visual context -neighborhood learning -predicate\/argument notation -imperative sentence -german grammar -similarity extraction technique -scope derivation -context-sensitive spelling -cdcn algorithm -lexical clustering -document routing -conjunctive construction -discourse level structure -blockfinder image understanding -relative pronoun disambiguation -relation inventory -web-based indexing -text understanding \ -mesh hierarchy -represantation formalism -lexical category acquisition -meteorological information -lexico-semantic pattern -thesaurus construction -syntactic parsing -agent-based system -oral-reading recognition -non-projective dependency parsing -rhetorical parser -stack-based algorithm -conditional probability -cf grammar -temporal relation -audio retrieval -presupposition accommodation -term -japanese dependency analysis -cky chartparsing -language graramar -fixed-length summary -stochastic dependency parsing -classification technique -bitext space -system construction -table generation -hypothetical reasoning -language tutoring -transformation-based error-driven learning -top-down anaphora resolution -hmm parameter -index-based retrieval -vocabulary isolated word recognition \ -svm discrimination -multimodal meeting processing -extendable retriever -tv broadcasting -pagerank algorithm -task efficacy evaluation -acronym -multi-lingual generation -truth-qualified proposition -xml-based natural language processing -analysis engines -machine prediction -annotation specification -probability score scheme -semantic knowledge -path voting -gate framework -nlp system -hpat -relation extraction -compiled grammar -linear-time randomizedselection -dialogue understanding -parallel sentence detection -length similarity -database query -grannnar learning -probabilistic disambiguation -keyword extracting -probabilistic lsa -domain-specific sense selection -stochastic segment model -word identification mechanism -n-gram modeling -voice dialog -english grammar -computational world knowledge -paraphrase detection -patternmatching algorithm -textrank sentence extraction -levenshtein distance -semantic lexicon construction -very large corpora -parametric hybridization -argument generation -thai ocr error -actor paradigm -natural language question answering system -wordnet lexical knowledge base -probability score -hpsg constituent -semantic evaluation -phrasal alignment algorithm -back-off modeling -prepositional adjunct -linguistic techniques -argumentative analysis -ne extraction task -bilingual collocation -word grammar -guage generation -dialogue research -web inference -length-based alignment algorithm -agreement-based co-training -type-driven derivation -cu communicator system -technical information analysis -zero-derivation -english pos tagger -sense inventory -morphological generation -acoustic models -information retrieval technique -USRs -japanese retrieval -news browsing -concept activation -xerox finite-state morphology -chinese text corpus -reverse querying -asian language modeling -two-step selection -penn treebank project -quantification scope -linear learning -automatic error correction -tag learning -normal distribution -domain relevance estimation -relevance ordering -ontology maintenance procedure -lexical conceptual structure -statistical dependency transduction -k-best hypergraph parsing -anaphora disambiguation -human thinking -full-sentence parsing -nlg technology -pre-tagging strategy -training data. -mention recognition -natural language systems -chinese-english lexicon -annotated training corpora -WSD evaluation methodology -speech-to-text conversion -unification-based phrase-structure -knowledge-based information -spectral estimation -phoneme-to-grapheme conversion -text-based segmentation approach -grammar training -definite description generation -incremental disambiguation -categorzafion -voicemail access -graph simplification -tex t categorization -bag-of-words kernel -diagrammatic notation -german dictionary -component vector -lorphotogical parsing -active annotation -100-word summarization -Arabic word segmenter -serbian -retrieval technique -text-production -context-dependent interpolation -learning algorithms -computational linguistics -minimum-cut-based segmentation -veritable research problem -probabilistic sentence reduction -vector quantization -conceptual dependency theory \ -count-based feature reduction -quasi-destructive graph unification -word frequency -sentential stress assignment -cohesive text -multipass search -conceptual dependency diagram ( cdd ) -entity machine transliteration -robust parsing -sentence extraction -error handling -name\/alias recognition -1-best recognition -methodology -clustering procedure -verb tag -chinese treebank -context-dependent modeling -collocation discovery -hard matching -frame scoping -text-to-speech technology -knowledgeacquisition -statistical mt -dialogue duration -morphological tagging -interface generation -mutual information filter -KPSG -subjectivity extraction -grammatical restriction -gaussian distribution -category identification -accent recognition -classifier combination -mutual knowledge paradox -syntactic feature generation -translation extraction -standard evaluation metric -stochastic matching -pronominal expression -window size -mass storage -disjunctive normal form -japanese ne extraction -dictionary construction -grammar translation -fsa utilities -compound disambiguation algorithm -german word formation -opposite effect pos -query model -rule-sharing -instanceof-relation -linguistic string analysis -head-orientation -katz backoff smoothing -data-driven parsing -smt -semiconductor -visual information -trigram speech recognition -em method -message clustering -translation template -pause insertion -machine translation research -full-text expansion -regular alignment model -continuous-speech recognition -bigram probability estimation -labeled training data -binary text categorization -downhill simplex algorithm -functional-semantic analysis -part-ofspeech tagging -multi-modal dialog -text-to-speech mapping -sparse feature space -database query generation -repair detection and correction -speech tagger -hypothesis recombination -commercial search engine -advertisement corpus -explanation generators -graph-based dimensionality reduction -lexical item -event categorization -subword modeling -multimodal annotation -short noun phrase -drs construction -web-corpus randomness -probabdity thresholding -ngram model -parsers -representation specification -translation pairs -ne translation-pair extraction -deductive parsing -action represantation formalism -sentiment classification -derivational variation -frequency-based language model -binary feature -information retrieval research -error-detection -document normalization -agent-agent interaction -n-best list reranking -bootstrapping algorithm -translational adequacy -document summansatlon -arabic morphological analyzer -translation technology -svm-based feature selection -noun phrase boundary -computational lexicon -planning component -partial language analysis -source language lexicon -relevaoce theory \ -phrase-based translation -representation structure -bilingual disambiguation -query modulation -matrix manipulation -computational model -kullback-leibler distance -right modification -paraameter estimation -language mlderstanding -lambda training -subword approach -iterative correction -bleu -concept dictionary -nl modeling -identification method -baseline methods -information summarisation -temporal resolution -elastic matching -statement identification -corpus size -context window size -lexical-based distance -suffix stemming -parse table construction -splitting method -char parsing -pp disambiguation -syntactic relations -phrase modification -english sentence extraction -phrase-representation summarization method -syllable structure -aesthetic formatting -language processing research -multikey quicksort algorithm -humor-recognition -rule indexing -hmm-based approach -database language -predicate-argument structures -glsa algorithm -c-box approach -english verb classification -exponential distribution -japanese machine translation -spelling error detection -well-formed input -syntax analysis -character recognition -context vector query -summarization problem -decomposition kernel -language query disambiguation -xscm method -tag derivation -medical question answering -pairwise coupling -pattern weighting or induction -word clustering -llennel evangelista -attachment score -subjective nouns -text corpus -annotation type -earley parsing -maximum entropy-based machine translation -inference generation -rc attachment -mutual information -translation output -variable renaming -query distribution -opinions -trie-based modeling -translation knowledge -null adjunction constraint -english web -sentential alignment -thesaurus extraction -10-fold crossvalidation -boolean retrieval -hyponymy relation -abstract meaning representation -linguistic utterance -mmie training -fusion algorithm -loglike coefficient -sequence probability -document indexing -word production -nl-based information-extraction -code generation -textual anaphora -quasi-tree -statistically-derived lexicon -subcategorization frame -yapex corpus -range concatenation language [ rcl ] -tractable inference -protein\/gene recognition -text segment -statistical search -treebank-based parsing -bilingual word clustering -on-line interaction -markup language -automatic indexing problem -intersentential pronoun -lexical bootstrapping -muc-6 co training material -syntactic lexical-functional grammars -nearest neighbour classification techniques -multi-level translation -sociology -probabilistic pronoun resolution -german speech recognition -datebase -lattice structure -noun compound interpretation -paraphrasing\/circumlocution -parallel sentence extraction -log-likelihood ratio association -si corpus -conversational material -forward-chaining reasoning -tag estimation -iterbi -knowledge-based generation -word-lattice parsing -accusative case -discourse unit -kt-set test collection -discourse connective -annotated phrase-structure grammar -document smoothing -lit parsing -analytical question answering -paraphrase-oriented discovery -mesh training -bayesian ensemble -chinese-japanese alignment -speech recognition error -minor syntactic category -utterance segmentation -gpl runtime environment -attachment ambiguity -cross-linguistic observation -topical relatedness -da classification -script generation -sign recognition -noun phrase coreference -lexesp corpus -japanese mt research -incremental interpretation system -probabilistic search -machine translation ( Mt ) system -english text retrieval -dete dialogue management -computer text generation system -actor -automatic term clustering -computer science -summarization evaluation tool -denotation -sentential processing -speech recognition word and sentence error rate -segment tagging -disambiguation problem -test gold standard -fast parsing algorithm -inter-tagger agreement -parsingas-deduction -automatic topic clustering -tdmt -argument identification -case frame editor -word confusion network -svm regression -dimensionality -utility maximization principle -non-sgml database -clausal boundary ambiguity -newspaper language -template learning -data-oriented learning -svm-based chunking -keyword expansion -secondary stress -entity type -digital processing -logic-based grammar formalism -jointtesting\/cascaded-training -nominal apposition -unsupervised relation learning -corpus collection -term generator -graph-partitioning -gene name recognition -syllabic framework -user customization -feature measurement -error correction method -synonyms expansion -name lexicon -grammar code -systemic linguistic theory -part-of-speech-based criterion -concept acquisition -discourse popping -network analysis -tree edit distance -lexical features -semantic type compatibility -sejong treebank -alignment problem -token-based disambiguation -decomposition operator -iterative query formulation -collocation extraction -inter-sentential resolution -structured classification -logical analysis method -ir framework -induction algorithm -multistack search -reprise -if-then production -document construction -noun-noun similarity -answer extraction and ranking -rule scoring -written corpora -verb phrase -database collection and analysis -descriptor -simplex algorithm -natural language dialog -implicit feedback information -essay analysis -problemsolving -terms selection -axiomatization -satisfiability problem -nlp technique -quadratic-time alignment -linguistic-and-template hybrid system -rhetorical grammar -random walk optimization -spot -datr -timit corpus -logical well-formedness conditions -intelligent query expansion -phonetic scoring -human-human dialogue -fs matching -prosodic break -unsupervised word alignment -syntactic processing research -computatjional linguistics -machine-readable corpora -named-entity tagging -term filtering -auxiliary verb type -baurn-welch ml training algorithm -table boundary -triphone analysis -background model -spreading-activation -database relation -recombinative animation -greedy construction -z-score -nlp task -groningen -information dissemination -metrics-based evaluation -eornmon-sense knowledge system -noisy output -tabular parsing -machine-generated text -svdpack -supervised learning framework -experimental evaluation -frame attribute -minipar -partial theory -logic grammar -language determination -vector matching -interactive spoken dialogue -text quality -gnu public license -morphological form -phonemic representation -expectation semiring -histogram-based training -unsupervised technique -approximate training -bayesian model -pos error detection -belief ascription -collapsing -linguistic information processing -induction hypothesis -action represantation -goal freezing -support vector machines -technical translation -written discourse -collaborative negotiation -tree linearization -text pre-processing -feature relevance weighting -evolutionary feature selection -voice interactive system -subject preference -data construction -new word construction -unsupervised bootstrapping -automatic textual entailment recognition -cml treatment -automated service -decision-tree model -alignment procedure -transductive clustering -predict-support algorithm -underspecified chart representations -answer scoring -virtual reality environment -german-english word-alignment -rosetta translation system -electronic surveillance -index-based parsing -mean subtraction -two-class classifier postfiltering -COMPLEX -example-based syntactic transfer -markov transducer estimation -search strategy -mt formalism -entity indexing -adaptive statistical modelling technique -free text corpora -spoken tutoring -bilingual lexicon entries -instance-based approach -tile reader -confidence annotation -topic shift -lexicalist prediction technique -nonlinear optimization -lambda expression -tile summarizer -fully-automated evaluation -language understanding -lhe projection -phrase meaning -corpus-based parsing -genus sense disambiguation -ibl classifier -syntactic error -menu-driven interface -semantic structure -numerical gradient ascent -language parser -sentence meaning -initiative holder agreement -sign recognition and translation -constraint logic programming -language acquisition model -structured representation -janus speech recognizer -transfer rules -peripheral processing -conjugation form -tree insertion -summalization -natural language utterance -taxonomic similarity -speech-search algorithm -statistical estimation -adverbial phrase -acoustic model -edp algorithm -random sample -automatic query refmement -storage allocation -linear model regression -multi-style training -example-based learning approach -subtree-torule conversion -discourse tree -interlingua-based machine translation -lexical resources -terms extraction -language processing systems -deduction -expression -temporal inference engine -data mining -consensus translation -bottom-up grammar traversal -multi-dimensional scaling -verb final language -german generation -deterministic processing -context-free language -uniform distribution -sentence connectivity -ontology acquisition -corpus-based anaphora resolution -meta-bootstrapping -domain question answering -phonetic alignment -edit distance algorithm -concept extraction -ne recognition system -training time -identity operation -english vocabulary -statistical induction -word-based retrieval -anaphoricity determination system -transfer system -japanese morphological analyzer -non-perceptual knowledge -kenmorc knowledge acquisition -query analysis -probabilistic parse selection -unification algorithm -chance agreement -proteinprotein interaction corpus -non-application-specific corpus extraction -flat-size grouping -intentional structure -rule creation -multi-lingual information -statistical jttpanese dependency analysis -rule coverage -language generation and parsing -transducer approach -idl-based search -costs -czech-english statistical machine translation system -conversational structure -tense classification -genia -bayesian discrimination -answerfinder -extraction method -probabifistic parser -posterior-lattice indexing -incremental unification -language-model based search engine -language presupposition -propbank annotation scheme -recognition-time adaptation -topic recognition model -name recognizer -keyword indexing -question search -disjunctive entry condition -dialogue pronoun resolution -answer extraction -information visualization -iterative training -equivalent-word match -answer generation -semi-automatic simulation -manual entailment judgment -grouping -gpa training -html generation -part of speech information -im dialogue -vector learning -closure algorithm -speaker verification -reference translation -structural information -word boundary and stress -distributional analyser -verb number -nl application -interactive relaxation parsing -topic structure -annotated corpus -generative lexicon -speech recognition and understanding -lexical database wordnet -philosophical logic -english machine translation -learning-based coreference resolution -geopolitical entity -german corpus investigation -summarization procedure -grammar projection -posterior context model -chunk-aligned parallel training corpora -state automaton -generative phonology -estimate grammar rule -value weighting -spoken language input -sequence comparison -co-occurrence information -named-entity classification -agenda-based probabilistic chart parsing -fine-grained sense identification -machine learn technique -linear parser -e-k conversion -sentence plan -human language acquisition -heuristic strategy -trellis-based estimation -semantic role labeling -tree algorithm -n-way classification -cfg filter technique -dependency grammar \ -dynamic programming scheme -wordnet thesaurus -tipster corpus -accented english pronunciation -segmentation parsing -unlabeled parser -relative adnoun clause -self organizing map -grammar code system -automatic prediction -language model perplexity -vocabulary -identification model -slang -large vocabulary isolated word recognition -letter-to-stress conversion -word-level classifier -automate evaluation technique -beam thresholding -character dotplot -structure unification -unification framework -fragment finding -new stem acquisition -verbal adjunct -dops system -reasoning -contextual feature -non-parametric kernel estimation -list induction algorithm -rule-extraction -data-driven model section -domain-specific inference -loglinear analysis -predicate classification -classifler-based method -non-native speech -integrated natural language interface -eurowordnet interlingual index -path coreference -Korean Phonology Structure Grammar ( KPSG ) -discriminative pruning -human error analysis -similarity matching -machine translation quality -frequency smoothing -beam search strategy -nist score -derivation process -sublanguage analysis -summarisation evaluation -contextual sense disambiguation -ftag grammar -gender determination -trigram-based language identifier -transductive learning -compositional information -phrase-structure information -content\/function word classification -term detection -ldoce coding system -computational linguistics corpus -morphologicm analysis -natulal language processing -rule optimization -binary semantic class classification -hmm-based word-to-phrase alignment model -answer resolution -supervised treebank pcfg -fixed-length vector -syntactic function -english prosody -task management -semantic lexicon creation -naive maximum likelihood -cross-language word similarity -hypothesis generation -grannnar rule -numerical scoring -bounded matching mechanism -subtree pair -noisy training material -sentence representation -memm tagger -brazilian portuguese -marker occurrence -paramax speak language understanding system -arabic disambiguation -inductive reasoning -palsumm hybrid summarization -human cognition -concept clustering -text processing -parse -semi-automatic simulation technique -word-occurrence -similar sense dispersion -full text search -statistical chunking -morpheme extraction -statistical sense-disambiguation -local optimization -automated training -language understmlding -sense -corpus-based natural language understanding -discourse boundary type -terminology-based knowledge acquisition -patent retrieval -phonetic analysis -machine-learning -question parsing -biography collection -file accessing -term clustering -building discourse structure -full-text expansion method -mapping -boyer-moore algorithm -preprocessing -evaluations -argument composition -summarization -surface realizer -bilingual parallel corpus -remote sensing -likelihood decoding -lecture processing -type inference -interactive system -knowledge-representation formalism -real-time tracking -lexical alignment -inverted document frequency -cross-speaker recognition -structured learning -subsumption -viewpoint-based summarization -smmnarization -semantic dependency analysis -chinese-to-english translation -thc hest -valence theory -vowel lengthening -training sample ~ -automatic indexing system -direct error minimization -topic collection -linguistic entity -transformation-based indexing -morphological mlalyser -selectional preference -symmetric alignment -resource construction -graph theory algorithms -rapid text skimming -dynamic bayesian nets -linguistic knowledge -localization -lexicon provider -biomedical corpus -n-gram re-estimation -translation example -modeling power -argument relationship -language processing and\/or understanding -conneetionist language processing -histogram pruning -statistical sentence parsing -synonymy relation -weak learner -nondeterministic top-down backtracking parsing -meta-communication -rvm training -domain relevance extraction -multisentential discourse -english text categorization -dependency representation -generative modeling -predicate-argument structure -greedy segmentation -horn clause resolution -sound parsing -average gain ratio -chinese data entry -iterative hillclimbing -second-order-multiple-output conversion -cosine similarity measure -online communication -semantic formalism -iterative algorithm -discourse structure derivation -graph representation -thesaurus tree -determiner -tagged corpora -language dialogue system -sentence completion -automated japanese essay scoring -transitional probability -english pos-tags -wysiwym -case marking -web crawler and indexer -episodic logic -hierarchical interpolation -structured test suite -knowledge extraction -analogy -subtree swapping -frequency weighting -bayesian learn -mouse-sensitive simulated radar screen -data-directed rule -language understanding system -frame detection -communicative intercourse -automatic spelling -speaker-dependent recognition -communicative structure -markov random field -description tree grammars -pattern-based extraction -left-corner parsiug -annealing clustering -relational link -speech-to-speech machine translation -unsupervised text categorization -topic-independent recognizer -discourse parsing disambiguation -synchronization -modeltheoretic interpretation -text organization -full text indexing -text structure information -parse selection module -string translation model -folding route tree -linguistics-based knowledge -indexing accuracy -unsupervised sense clustering -fine-grained sense-tagging -analysis disambiguation -rule-based disambiguation -multi-document summarization system -language processing \ -search mechanism -defeasibility -graph-based ranking -speech technology -decision list induction -grammar recognition -context identification and characterization -grammar tutoring -code identification and conversion -snow architecture -language processing ~ -stack-based search -tag perplexity -path resolution -community -weighted constraint optimization -automatic pattern mining -collocational analysis -automatic text analysis -crl ne data -manual question classification -monadic first order logic -modal operator -text categorization problem -topicalised material -text-tophonemes tool -example-based tagging -corpora -training document -english morphology -expectation-maximization-based induction -linguistic adequacy -information states -english language model -aggregation framework -semantic space -stochastictransducer -lexical cues model -automatic question-answering -automatic summarization research -name transliteration procedure -description extraction -vector-valued utility function -dimensionalized space -interactive speech translation -controlled language mt -directed inferencing -class detection -rule-based processing -collaborative planning discourse -deterministic table recognition -Boolean conditions -voice synthesis -two-phase generation -terminological variation -mysql -parallel scheduling -adaptation paradigm -tree access -gnome corpus -word sense induction -syntactic analysis system -argument propagation -explanatory combinatorial dictionary -language modeling toolkit -connected-speech recognizer -web interface -support vector machine -feature discovery -automated language processing -text-segmentation -resource creation -upenn tag set -primary sample selection -greek genre classification -latent semantic space -wsi evaluation -knowledge representation and reasoning -weight thresholds -language navigation interface -top-down backtrack -information source -random-walk -chunking parsing -chinese text understanding -mean agreement score -non-pronoun resolution classifler -headline word selection -classification algorithm -baurn-welch ml training -multimedia fusion -classifier-based sense resolution -transfer machine translation -re-generation -non-hierarchical clustering -semantic role tagger -hybrid constituency\/dependency -parallel corpus-based grammar induction -syntagmatic structure -bible corpora -assembly system -linguistica algorithm -discourse connectives -retrieving -demonstrative pronoun -language engineering research -binary decision tree -entity normalization -parser induction -citation analysis -dialog corpora -length correction -lexical selection -lexical research -backoff smoothing technique -crossvalidation -voice control -full text understanding -scheme combination -activity tag -automated acquisition -aspect marking -dialogue processing -antecedent recovery -intelligent simulation system -human sentence processing -automatic text retrieval -formalism -category specification -bleu metric -feature projection -incrementm training -search engine -incremental learning -tolerance hierarchy -tabular representation -verb substitution -parsing extrammatical language -static disambiguation -abductive reasoning -essay -context features -spontaneous speech parsing -attribute propagation -language understanding task -inferences -classification rule -latent semantic kernel -tagger generation -speaker-adaptive training -opinion category -treelet phrase extraction -classi er combination -negative sample selection -long distance movement -syntactic structure prediction -cky-style parsing -english content word -psychiatric interview -patent watch -constraint-based parser -group-average clustering -montague grammars -sigmoid function -classification correction -bottom-up recursive stress assignment -weighted edit distance -asr\/telephony server -corpus-based data-mining -index -text generator -fsm construction -relevance-prediction -memory consumption -chinese gigaword corpus -bilingual education -agglutinative language -n-gram induction -thesatmm -phonological encoding -probabilistic disambiguation method -memory management -grammatical construction -computational dialogue -clause splitting -attribute joining -eijiro translation dictionary -inheritance network -collocation extraction \ -large collection analysis -dependency structure -instantiation -test set -topic evolution -lexical variation -mental state -grammar modification -factored extraction -stochastic search -chinese language nlp -fasil email summariser -face recognition -inter-rater agreement -unification grammar \ -topic exploration -pronoun case -memory-based reasoning -oracle translation -decision rule -nugget-based evaluation -answer retrieval -graph spanning -morpheme handling -linguistics data -grammar development platform -argument understanding -plan execution -non-compositional meaning -cas evaluation -citation similarity -multikey quicksort -selective confirmation -place name recognition -dialogue simulation -language model scoring -rule-based tagging -recognition accuracy -iterative procedure -language modelling and parsing -dialogue tutoring -korean speech -fuzzy maxent -comma -partial matcher -text comprehension -sentence compaction -single-link clustering -paradise evaluation framework -treelet translation -matrix decomposition -patent analysis -textual information retrieval -symmetrization -namedentity -pattern abstraction and combination -multidimensional markup -knowledge search -lexicon translation -english-to-korean text translation -prepositional phrase disambiguation -error detection and correction -generation method -parameter training -perceptron system -computer-aided semantic knowledge acquisition -word ngram modeling -data access -computer-based processing system -bilingual parallel corpora -discourse grammar -word correspondence extraction -grammatical constraint -knowledge mining -tag analysis -problem solver -automatic software composition -hindi-english sentence pair -particle sense classification -radio news corpus -smt model -example-based correction -datenbank-dialog -boundary segmentation -asian language -relation learning -noun clustering -spoken language processing -sundial dialogue -idiom processing -dialogue act -cluster reduction -phrase-based system -English understanding system -tm scanner -sentence scoping -viterbi-like decoding -traditional statistical language model -comma restoration -rewrite rules -syntactic score measure -language expression -cg-based learner -phonetic encoding -machine transl -coreference resolution -single pass parsing -connectionist network -xtragen -transducer determinization -adjunct -encyclopedic corpus -business correspondence -knowledge base construction -automatic sentence alignment -english disambiguation -language comprehension system -bayesian network classifiers -syntactic transduction -relational learning -treebank transformation -irex ne extraction -language model -surface sentence maker -forward-looking function -manual grammar development -adaptive dynamic word formation -wfst modeling -topical relevance -machine learning approaches -lexical evidence -speech data -likelihood hard-clustering -comparative analysis -recognition device -dictionary-based query translation -incremental disambiguation method -information-seeking -non-linear optimization -language modeling technique -probabilistic optimum filtering -superlative determiner -tree-dop parsing -stress test evaluation -langtmge processing -nist -np fragment -syntax formalism -phonological knowledge -cue phrases -standard cross-validation -japanese-english parallel corpus -explicit dates recognition -machine translation decoding -word class tagging -table analysis -cyc knowledge base -association formation -information management -word breaking -email -history management -first-order theory -natural language interaction -bilingual terminology extraction -document rank -testing corpora -error-correction rule -semiautomated annotation -positive sample selection -uniform algorithm -contextfree-grammar -automated surveillance -question-answer pair -synonym information -completeness coherence -incremental multilevel parsing formalism -minimum description length -javelin -multi-view co-training -multi-modal output presentation -likelihood-ratio -indirect chaining -domain detection -health corpus -conceptual dependency -typological classification -adjunction -ziff-davis corpus -alphabet-to-alphabet mapping -io-tree method -question decomposition -temporal preposition -parameter-independent learning algorithm -literate programming -sttk -learning technique -automated text summarization -machine translation and generation -grammatical formalism -atn formalism -sentence presupposition -anchor-text mining -word disambiguation -par-adise evaluation -epistemic matrix clause -similar document retrieval -local word context -domain-specific subcategorisation information -multilinguism -long distance analysis -sentence planning -annotation language -cost estimation -discourse segment model -document search -statistical information -machine translation approach -example extraction -communication management -parser portability -concordance -sparse matrix format -alignment system -subtree -medium-sized corpus -database application -binary search -detection task -real-time text retrieval -telephone-bandwidth speech -noun phrase recognition -shallow analysis -grammar learning -unsupervised extraction -word reduction -terminology construction -definite noun phrases -parse disagreement -visual perception -pre-tagged corpus -cross-corpora tagging -predicate relaxation -graph formalism -phrase bracketing -topic ordering -implemented anaphora resolution -directed alignment -perl script -linear sequencing -graph unification -semi-automatic annotation -uam treebank -arabic text chunking -partial syntactic analysis -ntaximunl entropy modeling approach -data analysis -statistical information retrieval -inference mechanism -question inversion -textual corpora -language generation research -nc interpretation -recogniser -word-sense tagging -theme\/rheme identification -statistical framework -semantic similarity calculation -pronoun resoultion -chinese translation -crossvalidation experiment -pattern analysis -concept retrieval -error recovery and tolerance -top-k lexical head pruning -link classification -appositive recognition -precision casting -pos estimation -performance comparison -parameter identification -large-scale natural language generation work -dialogue acquisition and tracking algorithm -phrase alignment software -scorin g -bottom-up translation -lexicon access -question-answering -spoken child language -adaptation schema -rate enhancement -nonlinear similarity measure -design and implementation -processing ill-formed input -probabilistic relaxation -packed parse forest -normalization factor -morphological wellformedness -speech normalization -type classification -pat-tree-based keyword extraction -dependency likelihood -korean-to-english query -tagging procedure -polynomial time decode algorithm -chinese sentence -information sharing -coherence-tree -binary heap -argumentative discourse -language understanding research -noun phrase reference -linguistic data -randomizedselection -dialogue machine translation -schema recognition -text framing -semantical framework -kanji -linear regression line adjustment -word n-grams -governing category -state-of-the-art learning-based anaphora resolution -hmms -leaming -supervised text classification -name entity ( ne ) tag -multilingual question answering -supervised pattern acquisition -distance metric -entity recognition and transliteration -agreement marking -natural language discourse -geology -cluster refinement -complementation pattern -spanish lexicon -frame recognition -top-down chart -subtopic segmentation -chinese prosodic phrase -error-minimization -dependency graphs -indices -simulation environment -feature-based pronunciation -text-based question answering -metadata harvesting protocol -hansards translation -rule pruning -keyword phrase -sentence-level knowledge -classifier learning -document storage and retrieval -sms text normalization -linguistic-analysis -scalar multiplication -dative alternation -post-ocr correction -phrase prediction -expression formalism -lookup algorithm -statistical modeling -information technology -adobe pdf -sfc representation -corpus-based collocation extraction -single feature structure -synchronous binarization -morphological theory -search effectiveness -association relation -action logic -semantic class classification -constrained model-space adaptation -feature structure -location name ambiguity -unsupervised disambiguation -hybrid logic -animation generation -world knowledge -dictionary-based answer -base np translation -speech recognition score -offline corpus processing -sensory system -acronym normalization -language processing tool -open compound registration -annotation process -key-word search -unsupervised stem acquisition -boundary information -hyperlinking component -minimal listing -vector-based information retrieval -text indexing -naivepropm -language model probability -ppa resolution -educational technology -partial matching -tile system -association for computational linguistics -general-purpose lexicon -post-prediction confidence estimation -compound sentence -radio control -lexical preference -topic-based text classification -linguistics literature -program operation -unification-based constituent -mutual information independence -language dictionary -typed lambda calculus -align multi-lingual parallel speech -gradient-based feature selection -bilingual bootstrapping -conditional distribution -treelet projection -decision tree learn -answer completeness -extraction tool -rule-reduction -review helpfulness -automatic translation system -model performance -external knowledge source -document recognition -document\/cluster representation -confirmation handling -named-entity identification -punctuation marks -sstc schema -near-term extraction -presupposition -constituent analysis system -language procossing -dynamic presentation -verbmobil speech-to-speech translation -classifier -fsa-guided constraint processing -kyoto university text corpus -cross-linguistic parallelism -network timit corpus -contextual model interpolation -sentence boundary recognition -query length -head clustering -knowledge base builder -chunk representation -comprehension model -constituent structure parsing -text-to-scene converter -linguistic evidence -chart realisation algorithm -language membership -digital broadcasting -conversion rule -verbal generator -hole semantics -annotation strategy -feature construction -verb construction -feature value pruning -reinforcement mechanism -deterministic finite state automaton -word boundary detection -guided assembly task -bilingual phrase -translation modeling -backing-off model -link resolution -speech-processing -interpersonal priming -vector space -retrieval time -pronoun matching -alignment adaptation -rule sets -pv identification -term recognition -inheritance descriptor -language manipulation -global-statistics-based disambiguation -answer sentence extraction -reduction strategy -speech transcription \ -f matching -language model modification -sentence alignment -temporal sequencing -universal quantification -noisy document summarization -parser evaluation -referential information -semantic parslng sy-stem -logic programming -bidirectional model -sentence boundary labeler -reference problem -svm-based important sentence extraction -probabilistic thresholding -machine translation method -pos disambiguation -word sense disambiguator -voice command -speech transcription technology -surface structure -multi-modal feedback behavior -wn synset -heuristics -symbolic reasoning -buckwalter lexicon -frequency calculation -frame determiner -modeling paraphrasing -arabic information retrieval -japanese\/english machine translation -frequency equation -english speech -plan reasoning -automatic genre identification -markov sequence -communication research -rmrs construction -sense similarity -utterance verification -statistical knowledge -m-gram language modeling -altificial intelligence -string transformation -word category probability -bigram estimation -multiword recognition -length constraint -rule-based pronoun resolution -query disambiguation -polysemous verb -numerical computing -concept representation and delimitation -nonlinear minimization -retrieval framework -language model pruning -discourse chunking -vowel-consonant pair -autonomous problem solver -the generative lexicon -language neutral meaning representation -software implementation -content authoring -direct matching -system organization -acoustic adaptation -prosodic combination -np chunker -automation system -speaker identification \ -finite-state relaxation -document frequency -hum tgt -tlisamblguation knowledge -artificial langnage -text-based sentence alignment -japanese text \ -bayesian network -distributional similarity method -trec @card@ and trec @card@ qa track -cross-linguistic knowledge -allomorphy 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prediction -chart-walk -language development -bottom-up dependency parsing -subtree inclusion -software development -automatic induction -definite anaphora resolution -finite-state automaton -backoff technique -linguistic concern -adverb ordering -language behavior -text_editor -medical science -montague grammar -hypothesis verification -data-oriented method -speech-to-speech dialogue translation -language corpora -atis data collection -n-best search strategy -intelligent multimodal information presentation -prepositional-phrase attachment -semantic ill-formedness -calendar information -penn treebank parsers -hhe search -domain-independence -sex-identification -non-parametric statistical pattern recognition technique -preposition classification -linguistic structure -information modeling -discriminate analysis -verbal complementation -japanese translation -link identification -syntactic dependency relation -ee detection -random forest -edit distance -regularization -bilingual resource -word-segmentation -visual formatting -tile -second-order predicate logic -why2-atlas conceptual physics tutoringsystem -cm parser -noisy probability model -head-operator detection -well-formedness constraint -grarmnatical category -case frame -lfg notation -grammar design and disambiguation -gesture -plan inference -entity -quality control -incremental constraint satisfaction -davidsonian analysis -grammatical category information -full machine translation -passive clause -parallel interpretation -gene information retrieval -dependency reparsing -text classification -subsymbolic processing -polynomial-time generation -text critiquing -low complexity prediction -symbolic processing -parallel processing -discourse expansion process -mssm algorithm -word extraction -hfformation mapping -grammar formalisms -spoken-document retrieval -mechanisms -english pronunciation unit -off-line constraint propagation -reasoning technique -speech command and control -phological analysis -automatic word correction -category-based grouping -translator training -language -suffix pronunciation -negative binomial -animacy hierarchy -sentence analysis -answer reranking and validation -feature-based approach -vocabulary indexing -kernel -surface level information -statistical parsing model -speaker ' utterance -sequential inference -document comparison -natural-language generation -f score -near-duplicate document detection -keypoint detection -dag search -bengali verb -environmental compensation -f-structure information -sequential correspondence -sentence reordering -frame element -feature modification -idf scoring -automatic thesaurus extraction -sub-structural alignment algorithm -weight decay regularization -definite anaphor generation -estimation process -text-to-speech engine -katakana -computational linguists -syntactic expression -multi-class recognition -contextual reference resolution -speaker-specific modeling -question representation -restrictive planning -speech summarization -tag recognition -large comparable news corpus -user ' informational goal -parallel principle -semantic underspecification -chinese morphology -noun phrase translation -hanzi-level majority voting -conversational analysis -on-line parser generator -transfer grammar learning -discourse category -online adaptation -constructive proof -stack decoder -speak dialogue system -query interpretation -supertag set -rule generation method -weighed sum -itp discourse segmentation -fragment identification -lexical semantic -binary classification problem -integration framework -parse table -target language model -markov chain -slide presentation -alternating structure optimization -monolingual parsing -word-noise -sentence pair -word-sense disambiguation system -normalized cut criterion -lexical rule -iterative learning approach -tied-mixture context modeling -alignment methodology -constituent voting -synthetic noise rate -japanese character recognition -unigram tagger -bottom-up left-corner parser -local estimation -mixed-initiative corpus annotation -intelligent document understanding -statistical extraction -kyoto corpus -spectral analysis -ibm2 model -language access -argumentatively-justified summarization -semantic role assignment -sense disambiguation task -category structure -average error rate -template-based semantic parsing approach -terminological knowledge base -reading -coreference system -presentational coherence -polynomial complexity generation -breath detection -speech recognition software -morphological hierarchy -graph-based partitioning -best-frrst parsing -fitness value -hierarchical planning -software engineer -node admissability -forecasting -qlf transfer -speech recognition accuracy -data oriented parsing -broadcast transcription -tree kernels -map adaptation -score evaluation -tree-based prominence prediction -dictionary compilation -word informativeness -cky bottom-up chart-parsing -string recognition -hpsg parse -binary notation -single-neuro tagger -knowledge engineering tool -bilingual corpus -dictionary extraction -hierarchy acquisition -weighted voting scheme -combined learning -training and testing data -word segmenter -fast converging optimization -lexical cohesion-based approach -free indexation -mapping rule -keyword enumeration -transitive verbs -partial chunk -four-step supervised learning algorithm -simulation technology -transliterator -information scoring -cfar scoring -duration model -linear text segmentation -knowledge retrieval -verb detection -reservation system -human language assessment -language analyser -lfg c-structure -selection statement -lexical learning system -abductive equivalential translation -multi-pass search -extraction and conversion rules -tiers measure -english tree -latent tree posterior -typed feature structure -combined presupposition-ra -short answer extraction -web-based language processing -prosodic prominence -% summarisation ratio -np representation -tag information -word alignement -content understanding -corner derivation graph -development set -bitext alignment -morphological classification -verb pattern generation -lr parsing -computerized information retrieval -interpolation coefficients -semantic feature extraction -binary estimation -substructural logic theory -morphological segmentation -word level disambiguation -computer aid second language learn -multi-doc summarization -relation extrac -topicalized noun phrase -high dimensionality space -words sequence -frequently-asked question -ldc news corpora -spell-checking -automatic evaluation method -controlled recognition -spoken multiparty dialogue -gene\/protein name -feature selection -network structure -matching technique -lcxical description -document pre-processing and analysis -language-based information extraction -vector representation -interpretation algorithm -argumentation -swedish text -vp coordination -maxent part-of-speech tagger -text segmentation -benchmark corpora -feature mining -dialogue development -inferential independence -Tree Adjoining Grammars -natural language processor -definition generation -software infrastructure -location name normalization -context-free languages -verb-pp identification -sentence plan tree -empirical evaluation -domain reasoning -automatic transliteration -syntactic condensation -inside-outside training -confusion matrix -subcategorization frames -simulated annealing optimization -syntactic probability -speech modality -named entity type -noun phrase disambiguation -spoken input -block learning -expressions generation -sense delimitation -darpa communicator project -text-checking -lsa matrix -progressiveness -vertex -subcategorisation -long query retrieval -context specification -intensional isomorphism -two-stage retrieval -question-answer format -context-free rewriting -wayback machine -lexicalized grammar formalism -supervised learning -social knowledge -automatic error analysis -web service -transformational grammars -literal set -look-behind reordering -identification system -algorithmic reversibility -categorial grammar framework -chucking -left-to-right single pass parsing -ontological knowledge source -semantic measure -transfer function -lexicon construction -cf parsing algorithm -algebraic structure -summarizer learning -authorship recognition -text skimming -conceptual analysis -alignment modeling -exact meaning -knowledge-based text classification -discourse marker selection -chronological ordering algorithm -noun categorization scheme -head-corner parser -language variability -morphological disambigua -minimalist grammar -gradability -video analysis -hmm re-estimation -average string length -corpus-based semantic knowledge acquisition -generalized iterative scaling -resource description -variable substitution -probability model -muc-3 -search -discourse-based summarization -gist preservation -rareas -lexical preproeessing -annotation graph query language -multilingual voice transcription -word sequence -intelligent message retrieval -dutch speech synthesis -hybrid neural-net\/expert-system -automatic rule generation -triphone -speech translation -automated speech processing -management software -semantic roles -csr ( connect speech recognition ) corpus -prepositional attachment -letter-counting -summarization evalua -stack-based decoding -paraphrase classification accuracy -aggregate analysis engine -multipurpose information management -pattern classification -decidability -function annotation -thematic continuity -conversational robot -array processor -lexical entry -algorithm development -named entity scorer -perspective shifting -model parameter optimization -semantic grouping -semantic disambiguation -maximum likelihood criterion -pattern-matching -qualitative evaluation -plan recognition process -government phonology -lookahead -boundary representation -bitext-based lexicon evaluation -discourse anaphora -nltk -theory generation -enunciative situation -intelligent training system -bag-of-features modeling -interlanguage phonology -inside-outside parsing -context modelling -interact ive multimedia -probability-directed chart parsing -comparative summarization -byblos speech recognition -lexicm -lexicon-based spelling correction -affixation -class probability -knowledge representation language -feature merging -token -logical inference -german-to-english transfer -vpe resolution system -part-ofspeech disambiguation -abstract grammar encoding -distance matrix -information fusion -spanish morphology -language resource discovery -domain-specific information -generative phonological approach -np analysis -evaluation paradigm -ne classification -tdag construction -anaphora resolution rules -sorted logic -disposition -possible translation -language processsing -partitional clustering -duration prediction -parsing history -direct projection -graph generation -multilevel parsing -automated summarization evaluation -multi-dimensional category model -conversational speech recognition -natural-language database interface -montague treatment -unification-based processing -letter recognizer -projective parsing algorithm -ontology comparison -nonlocal dependency recovery -syntactic network -discriminative alignment -automatic language analysis -rapid propagation -information representation -constraint logic -np conjunction -reversible generation -text categorization tool -explanation-based learning ebl -subcategorization class -frame identification -maximum likelihood training -readability assessment -annotation program -many-to-one mapping -japanese summarization -ccg supertagging -language evolution -tone classification -unsupervised letter-substitution -predictive parser -type detection -np-chunks identification -fragment detection -example-based rescoring -underspecified discourse -wsj corpora -nonstructural coherence -argument detection -verb-classification -dynamic dependency parsing -text-image editing -agglomerative mutualinformation-based clustering method -taxonomy induction -subject-verb phrase -textual coherence -interlingual machine translation -term-recognition -surface similarity measure -phonetic modeling -query modification -heuristic rule selection -information context -iterative expectation-maximization -construction bidding management -treegram-index retrieval -bilingual generation -procedural knowledge representation -standardisation -singular indefinite noun phrase -commandtalk -corpos analysis -acoustic mapping -winword -flow chart -contingency table model -iterative boosting -language-independent extraction -description logic -bibliographic information retrieval -plot comparison -linguistic unit -pourpre -alignment link projection -encyclopedic rules -similarity-based alignment -tagger combination -interfaces -continuation-type cue -lexical representation -domain-independent text analysis -schemata compilation -phrase-based translation framework -input text -dialectal speech -cluster similarity -cg-style disambiguation -slot-scoring rule -gaussian smoothing -word extraction procedure -discourse processing -balanced tree -basenp -bayesian learning -linguistic context -biuniqueness -large-scale fact extraction -data flow -queries-by-example -itg space -bpref evaluation measure -inflectional language -expectation maximization -corpus-based language processing -pp attachment -infomap ontology -information structure -bigram language model -hill-climber -syntactic distance -natural language syntax -cepstral mapping -phrase processing -unrestricted text parsing -ifs feature selection -transducer inference -dp-based search algorithm -knowledge structures -sicstus prolog -tag derivation tree -linguistic terminology -english translation candidate -soft constraint relaxation -two-stages model -basque wordnet -common facts database -dictionary access -sds performance modeling -hmm ie system -question-reformulation -word alignment computation -unsupervised learn approach -derivation tree -matrix clause -multiclass classification -m-parser -static knowledge -alignment -single document summarization -micro-averaging method -hybrid kernel -machine-readable dictionary -pre-encoded knowledge -trigram-based statistical language modelling -summarization model -hybridization -document image analysis -entity phrase translation -evaluation speech recognition -noun phrase chunking -computational complexity -toshiba english-japanese translation system -interactive graphical analyzer tool -automatic pattern acquisition -machine translation output -system portability -lemmatization -step-wise feature selection -neumann architecture -sentence organization -lexical paraphrasing knowledge -opinion expression extraction -logical evaluation -generative parameter estimation -lexical distance -per -ellipsis -computational search -mutualinformation-based clustering -discourse entities -online learning -interactive knowledge -knowledge transfer -similarity metric -probabilistic learning -neural networks -computer scoring -mp3 corpus -well-formed feature structure -stochastic speech recognition -l-bfgs optimization -pronominalisation -message routing -groupaverage clustering -maxent-tagged corpus -context-sensitive grammar -informant presentation -syntactic agreement -semantic similarity -linguistic development platform -category pruning -syllable counting -outlier detection -deterministic sentence reduction -syntax annotation scheme -chunk parsing approach -learning method -instructional text -controlled indexing vocabulary -language search -lexical association -stochastic estimation -style model -pst learning algorithm -predictive parsing technique -tile testing -automatic feature engineering -modern information science -frequency counting -automatic text categorization -text readability -threshold voting -sentence-aligned corpora -language l -token identification -attribute elimination -binary classi cation -feature tagging -permissible hyphen point -hierarchical representation -electronic dictionary -zero pronoun -induction model -molecular biology entity -recursive descent parsing -query -Japanese text -frequency counts -document editing -sentence alignment method -quality assurance -maximum entropy -lexical transfer -constant multiplier -statistical sequence modeling -constraint network -packet assembler-disassembler -lexical analyzer -weak learning -trec corpus -CFG filter -time assignment -communicative expressivity -scope generation -complementary evaluation -conversational sequencing -lexical relation -compound noun interpretation -dictionary entries -chinese-english newswire text -storage allocation ~ -class-based language modeling -lexicase -first order formulae -meaning structure -concept conversion -structural correspondence -recognition improvement -dependency relation model -verb forms -open discovery -classification process -utterance planning -spectral normalization -object tracking -cohesiveness evaluation -do-it-yourself construction -multimodal information -automatic error-correction -search index -word co-occurrence mining -senonic modeling -patent map generation -relationship assignment -SMT -hierarchical taxonomy -names -speaker-independent recognition -secondorder optimization -mobile robot navigation -automatic sentence disambiguation -word alignment evaluation -belief ascription and inference -binary blog classification -euclidean distance -network knowledge representation -glencova pronoun resolution -contextual constraint -inheritance clause -island -kappa value -intelligence system -speech recognition -ltc weighting -knowledge communication -o\/information extraction -computer assisted translation -translation component -n-gram coverage score -order-sensitive string comparison -stochastic grammar -document selection -log-spectral representation -acoustic model adaptation -association-based word-aligment -english sentiment lexicon -associative similarity -selection statement generation -orthographically-based computer -f-structure -complete search -translation ambiguity -mention detection -single-best case -atns -protein tagger -computational problem -translation hypothesis -cooperative system dialogue -multi-lingual information processing -incremental sampling -one-vs-rest classification -window method -film summary creation -chart parsing algorithm -local encoding -lm -type raising -database entity -syntax-based constraint -disambiguation precision -interactive cross-language ir -document sulnmarization -bidirectional alignment -latent class -monte-carlo method -lambda-structures -lexieal access -clause-integrated analysis -unsupervised learning algorithm -word level -leaveone-out cross-validation -clause grammar formalism -empty category -example retrieval -recognition system \ -sbtg algorithm -english propbank data -stuttgart newspaper corpus -metonymy -word transliteration -scenario templates -iterative search algorithm -likelihood -pronoun-resolution module -lexical decay -learning algorithm -term subsumption -conversion method -main-verb detection -personal name disambiguation -source-to-target translation dictionary -chinese-english translation -noun phrase classifier -reference time marker -bottom-up left-to-right traversal strategy -thesaurus construction and maintenance -content-based evaluation -scientific writing -dynamic programming search -large-margin training -common noun modifier -ceptual graph formalism -tree alignment model -namedentity extraction -automatic feature extraction -resource management task -competency evaluation -dictionary expansion -hindi lexicon -class-based dependency model -soft feature selection -n-gram tagging -category transition -biomedical text processing -fixed alignment decoding -determiner choice -functional neurophysiology -programming process -bayesian network structure search -partialpwwing -transcript -fuzzy information retrieval -forward-pass search -knowledge representation -asp system -metagrammatical parsing -a statistical part-of-speech -pp constituent -neighbor classification -Arabic ' rich morphology -stratificational translation -ambiguity -content selection -machine lranslation -news article alignment -subsectional anaphora -statistical Mt system -mistake-driven learning algorithm -earley parser -inter-text entity coreference -metalanguage -meaning processing -gaussian mixture -machine dictionary -fsa-based system -dpsg -log-likelihood measure -spatial concept -target language -phrase finding -training data set -character and word error rate -syntactic description -text-categorization -name search -previous-best-hypothesis rejection -common noun phrase -cosine distance -multi-resolution detection -ontology forge annotation tool -inference rules -why2 tutorial dialogue system -wordnet sense -morphologic -inter-event relevance -dialogue act classification -jelinek-mercer smoothing -spatial knowledge -message extraction -parsing-based word clustering -predefined hierarchy -sentence simplification -finite-state cascade -noun countability -morphological analyzers -maximum spanning tree -translation system -logical relationship -discourse element -stochastic parse selection -clusters -coreference predictor -english news text -lexical induction -datum object -medical information retrieval -type identity -morphological analyzer1 -unsupervised lexicon building -topic identification algorithm -programming algorithm -adjectival modification -number\/person information -lexicon evaluation -lexieal knowledge -left-corner prediction -template-based gesture recognition -hybrid feature identification -ensemble selection -binary answer -grammar induction -world-alignment -translation setting -phrase-based decoding -on-line education -english-japanese Mt system -bit coding -off-the-shelf syntactic parser -formal speech -backing-off smoothing -stochastic finite-state transducer -graph structured stack -trainable translation -discourse level representation -tone -tile control structure -conceptual classification -objective system evaluation -parser implementation -dialogue move graph -multiple concept learning -treebank standard -f measure -graph search -domain-specific knowledge engineering -example-based translation -asr accuracy -nominal compound analysis -keyword-based search -vector analysis -logical formulae -sense reasoning -prepositional phrase modifier -machine transliteration and back-transliteration -lbr left-corner parsing -logical formulas -frequency profiling -wide coverage English grammar -parallelization -korean noun extraction -fragment detection task -conversational text -ocr software -parsing process -token segmentation -arabic word analysis -lexicon enhancement method -logical-form language -multiple word\/phrase choice -noun phrase termination -greedb search -information selection -predictor -clausal interpretation selection -speaker segmentation -summary fusion -language identification research -uncertain domain knowledge -word sense acquisition -garbage collection -manual annotation -real-time continuous speech recognition -black-box testing -pronoun resolution system -frequency-based weighting -toplc\/comment sequencing -rhetorical status classifier -street name recognition -lat corpus -noun phrases -n-gram vector -protein-protein interaction -korean morphological analysis -language understanding and modeling -template filling -coarse-grained frameset-tagging -syntactical parser -english lexicalization -bayesian grammar -prepositional phrase attachment -hpsg -~ calculus theorem -semantic interpretation rules -learning rate -x-bar schemata -pitch accent classification -class disambiguation -nonterminals -word aligner -cooperative communication -action planning -biotechnology -declaration reasoning -ie knowledge discovery -sequent calculus -weakly supervised machine learning -cfl parsing -2-stage pseudo-relevance feedback -finite transducer -tfidf-based ir -domain modeling component -noun extraction -lexical chain extraction -language acquisition problem -head-driven phrase-structure grammar -complex reasoning -english text processing -collocation analysis -linguistic analysis -hmm recognition -translation model -multi-pass recognition -template-based generation -evaluation procedure -post-processing -speak language corpus -enumeration algorithm -adult language processing -dynamic constraint -lexical method -model reestimation -breathiness -phonological change -bigram tagging -path -extra-linguistic knowledge -factoid question -automatic ranking -natural language search engine -subject analysis -polarity specification -dtw classification -corpus level evaluation -lexical extraction -decision list algorithm -gold-standard sub-corpus -authorship obfuscation -greedy feature selection -decision-tree method -negotiation phase -scfg estimation -rhetorical information -opinion recognition and extraction -incremental model selection -key words -grammar case -word-aligned corpus -document re-ranking -protein name tagging -decision-tree learner -ungrammatical phrase -sequence tagging -metaphor interpretation -encyclopedia generation -multi engine machine translation system -eindhoven corpus -ontology evaluation -mesh -structure extractor -approximate inference -score fusion -arithmetic mean -paragraph selection technique -action capturing -query specification -bootstrap -content projection -article routing -type-based navigation -stochastic role assignment -pseudo-disambiguation task -decimal classification -help-desk support -relational grammar -l-bfgs parameter estimation -paraphrase knowledge extraction -document model -symbolic computation -penn treebank tag -dictionary search method -map generation -evaluation scheme -categorial grammars -content-selection -pronoun resolut\/on -hierarchy generation tool -local word reordering -discourse module -report generation -transducer determinization and minimization -japanese discourse -noise insulation -constituent pruning\/grammar specialization -unlabeled dependency -pagerankw -knowledke representation -recognition application -semantic representation -probabilistic translation -partial verb phrase fronting -partial-match retrieval -chunk tag -text chunk -maximum entropy principle -semantic chunk analysis -tree-based model -coding -pause segmentation -method combination -np government -partial-parser -naive bayes classification -implicit spelling error -imperative case -finite-state transducer -automatic plot analysis -knowledge elicitation -conceptual graphs \ -text mining -src nonlinear minimization -lsa-based summarization -reverse indexing -tree-insertion grammar -aac-nlg system -gap threading -disequa corpus -programming interfaces -lt-xml -graphical encoding -japanese-english machine translation -specialized terminology -quantified term -acronym attachment -grammar execution -speech production -focus tracking -focus maintenance heuristic -cluster matching -computer-mediated communication -deep language processing -non-destructive transfer -academic writing -verb similarity -linguistic engineering -morphological process -automatic tagging -game theoretic -context-free chart parsing -message generation -commonsense entailment -mandarin tts -english language generator -pattern-recognition -mwe extraction -scanned-document content retrieval \ -computer usage -gre algorithm -named entity dictionary -direct translation -tile inference -ambiguous wordform -dependency grammar induction -claws tagger -posteriori probability -corpora extractor -mono-directional decoding -parameter reduction -chinese-japanese word alignment -automatic recovery -reverse index -iloxf unification -quantitative reasoning -automata minimization -continuous density hidden Markov models ( CDHMM ) -compound query -multilingual processing -string similarity matching -semantic network representation -vocabulary test -compound retrieval -multi-document smnmarization -set-theoretical function -maximization algorithm -descriptive representation -feature-based phoneme specification -named entity tagger -grammar extraction and training -statistical test -image clustering -cation-based grammar parsing -language interfaces -visualization -two-step transfer -multi-layer segmentation -feature structure subsumption -sense annotation -message passing protocols -information agent -lexicon smoothing -biology corpus -system building -chunk-based statistical machine translation model -language-independent named entity recognition -english-hindi word alignment -free-style sentence -leftmost derivation -hpsg parse selection -np extractor -semantic transfer -structured language model -sound-to-letter generation -syntactic\/semantic information -weighted voting -htrge corpus -dialogue structure coding -chinese syntactic parsing -phrasal term identification -natural-language information retrieval -system training and testing -lvc identification -tutoring dialogue system -distortion probability -lexical ontologist -kanji input -direction-selective chart -lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars -public opinion monitoring -language processing paradigm -recursion -active learning paradigm -ranking order -sense disambiguation algorithm -resource sharing and development -garbage collector -urdu text-to-speech -contextual reference -context-free phrase structure -pairs of words -search engine indexing -anaphorie analysis -rule matching -dependency formalism -lexical processing -tropical semiring -summarizer-by-extraction -natural language indexing -machine-aided translation -geo-spatial resolution -ngram language model -broadcast news data -modem hebrew -reinforcement learning -spontaneous speech input -tree-based learning examination -vocal tract model -f-measure -tile reasoning -accuracy-based evaluation -statistical disambiguation -fragmentary parsing -statistical disambiguatiou -graphical user interface -knowledge representation and inference -deduction proof -textual annotation -case-based learning -push-down automata -word similarity -rich query language -beam pruning -extractive method -pattern similarity -cf phrase structure -ontological annotation -distributional impact -competitive activation -ckip dictionary -discourse representation structure -stochastic language model -coastal zone management -paragraph generator -co-reference relation -translation method -word string -annotate scheme -turkish corpora -run-time -normal form derivation -quotation structure -case theory -named-entity recognition -factual question -language generation task -induction framework -dictionary querying -hypothesis-driven node projection -cyk-style chart parsing -query frame -interactive dialogue translation -rule-based error correction -latent semaaltic analysis -interlanguage theory -categorical grammar -likelihood approach -constituency parsing -parallel annotation -line break insertion -text understanding -summative assessment -hybrid indexing -sentence planner -orthogonal matrix -online learning algorithm -intonation theory -multimodal integration -imperfective verb -relational evaluation -document information -eca tagger -document processing -modern greek elimination principle -constraint-based grammar -adverbial meaning -fuzzy inference -european language identification -chinese language processing -german word lemma -system-to-operator communication -timit database -pas method -information integration -lambek parsing -prior probability -generalized case frame -information retrieval and classification -human-aided machine annotation -feature weight -greedy clustering -abductive reasoning \ -case-based reasoning -testing lhe role -korean parsing -syntactic properties -selectional preference acquisition -projection algorithm -electric engineering -pattern co-occurrence -dialogue analysis model -dictionary-building -plan recognition inference -bottom-up clustering -monolingual collocation -tp constituent -unsupervised component -ihe generation -text classifier -oov word detection -production environment -personal information storage -vocabulary independent phone recognition -event spotting -planning process -multilingual lexicons -query classification -plan recognition problem -wordnet domains hierarchy -document classification -lattice node -resource integration -domain concept tree -dependency treebank -nlg syntactic\/lexical realisation component -markov branching processes -n-gram construction -tdt corpus -pruning task -forwardbackward search -personalized search -left-corner information -self-organising adaptation -mutual correspondence condition -relational structure -markov independence -labeled dependency parsing -incremental interpretation -maximal joint likelihood estimate -type unification -buchart parser -referential expression -geometric interpolation -part-wise parallelism -propbank style annotation -parse-tree syntactic distance -boundary marker -sub-structure mining -reverse engineering -recall degradation -phrase polarity -muc-ii corpus -learning approaches -noun-noun compound -conditional word -web content -phrase-for-phrase table -dependency trees -model order identification -order acquisition -direct production -decode algorithm -probabilistic language modeling -information brokering and distribution -hand tuning -main verb group identification -ir system -word grouping -preference selection -mgti technique -isolated-word recognition -shallow discourse structure -information entropy -partial parse tree -ner annotation -string handling -term coupling -segment-based hmm ie -word co-occurrence -grammar development -fact extraction approach -software agent -phrase translation accuracy -supervised sense disambiguation -corpus segmentation -transfer-based machine translation -top-down parser -som training -candidate extraction -collection-driven concept-relation technology -partial match criterion -pp modifier -speech recognition systems -answerhood -evaluation tools -dynamic string alignment -lexicalization -homophone error -natural language q&a -recursive-seareh -summarization technology -taum-aviation -semantic net -pattern recognition technique -treebank annotation -language parsing task -discourse-related information -supervised learning approach -kpml -annotation set -spectral equalization -event term -constraint generation -machine-aided translation system -theory -variable-length coding -bayesian propagation scheme -diacritizer -bool_comb value feature -iterative parsing algorithm -generative grarrmaar -dialog act -feature-based parsing -transitive verb -unification matching -topic-probability -subject classification -authorship detection -fitted parsing -automatic webgenre tagging -c model re-estimation -itspoke -three-tiered processing -government-binding theory -interlanguage modification -active conformity -psycholinguistic modelling -grammar derivation -hub -document-level sentiment -context-free rewriting systems -weighted finite-state transducer -nonzero posterior probability -querytranslation -lexical discourse -coreference chains -automated information retrieval -fast reading -tmification algorithm -feature matrix -segmentation \ -decision-tree growing -graph toolkit -information extractionsystem -test corpus -head-context -u-st parsing -transcription -context model estimation -csj corpus -metagrammar -automatic term discovery -score sampling -presumption checking -spoken language generation -run-time adaptation -standard linguistic discourse processing -naturallanguageprocessing -flexional morphology -boundary-based error rate -prosodic phrase -statistical models -frequency method -recipe -conversational cue -input normalization -shallow parsing -grammaticallity -cooperative response -voice dialog systems -computer-assisted item generation -phonological dictionary -bilingual dictionaries -background speech -rwcp text corpus -file parsing process -classiflcation -ppattachment -authorship identification -complex-termform recognition algorithm -re-estimation procedure -computer-human interaction -two-stage parsing -untagged corpora -pre-pausal lengthening -animation generator -google api -world-wide web -tiger corpora -probabilistic information -concatenative morphology -bounded local optimization -spelling reform -randomize sentence-plan-generator ( spg ) -maximum matching -lexical conceptual structures -bibliographic corpus -verbal projection -grammatical relation information -lexical knowledge -waveform generation -question answering session -lr table construction -concurrent processing -wh-construal construction -speaker-independent resource management -domain model -prolog development -morphological decomposition -udm strategy -preference acquisition -word sense disambiguation performance -statistical word alignment -non-unification computation -sampling -gisting -form-oriented description -IE paradigm -lexical paraphrasing -word frequency model -fast parsing -non-deterministic parsing -data development -speaker-adaptation -parameter grounding -cross-system evaluation -grammatical formalism sug -wsd algorithm -segmented corpus -classification quality -n-type approximation -query creation -part-whole relation -bound anaphora -single layer training -pruning -text ellipsis resolution -null matching -identity mapping -alphabet -gender-dependent segment model -shallow linguistic feature -nl system -events -temporal organization -semantic non-compositionality -corpus alignment -Node-based inference rules -corpus-driven processing -unsupervised sense disambiguation -transtype -vector space classifler -syntactic grammar -model -similarity calculation mechanism -mi method -interactive disalnbiguation -speech recognizer -performance evaluation system -ne corpus -visual feature extraction -heuristic -accuracy\/efficiency trade-off -dynamic modeling -feature filtering -generative syntax -df search -chart parsing mechanism -predeterminer -incremental relaxation technique -natural language quantifier -manually-developed wide-coverage tag sequence grammar -semantic concordance -bottom-up shift-reduce parser -man-machine communication -local-statistics-based disambiguation -monostratal representation -modeling language acquisition -human reader -tree log-probability maximization -population method -taxonomic hierarchy -local discourse behavior -dependency-lengthlimited parsing -english infinitival -anchoredness -frame tree -document type description -hh-construction -repair theory -speech recognition and production -information representation and exchange -natural-language prccesslng -programming language -word choice -segmentation level -reference assignment -mean adaptation -shift-reduce-style parsing -formal grammar -entity subtype -polysemous class -mt-based search -real-world text -baseline measure -communication -phonological rule induction -lexicon-based word hypothesizer -document layout -probabilistic synchronous dependency insertion grammar -quantifier approach -summarizaton system -corresponding perceptron -sentence-structuring -flexible user customization -hierarchical phrase alignment-based translator -search task -multidimensional scaling -model clustering -government binding theory -nonmonotonic reasoning -verb inflection paradigm -classitication -systeln -specialized corpora -recognition tools -blast bit score -aspect marker -generative description -idiom -scc extraction -trained model -spoken language -smoothing problem -analyzer development -nucleus -shift-reduce parsing -semi-continuous learning -ambiguous word -japanese word extraction -direct optimization -language syntax and parsing -sublanguage -language interpretation process -nlg system -canonical form -polarity -call quality -wsd model training -occurrence probability -language processing systemae -automated essay scoring -pos tagging -syntactic ambiguity resolution -generating patent claims -aspectual marker -heuristic programming -turing machine -stem acquisition technique -word-forms analysis -neural network combination -max-margin alignment -domain vocabulary -exact word match -temporal event clustering -ltag grammar -xml representation -templatic morphology -segmentation -machine vision -utterance classification performance -matching semantic maps -neural network architecture -dictionary construction method -chart processing -single-tapping method -local constraints -ip detection -automatic word-clustering -feature generation -semantic role parsing -item detection -metropolis algorithm -lfg-dop -treebank parse -language realization system -cross-language morphology -coarse matching -american news corpus -lexical data base -substitution instruction -name match probability -tree-to-string alignment -stop-word removal -equipment modelling -word\/n-gram matching -automatic meeting understanding -decision-tree part-of-speech tagger -semantic autonomy -co-training-based paraphrase extraction -bootstrapping method -semantic dialogue units -case schemata -bigram feature selection -parallel beam-search parsing -telephone service -transduction -pola grammar technique -nmchine learning -tagger\/lemmatizer -psychometric testing -monotonicity restriction -np expansion -nmmory-based learning -chinese discourse treebank -term reweighting scheme -on-line parsing -sentence alignment program -definite noun phrase -natural communication -prioritized theorist -one-vs-rest scheme -psychological behavior -error recovery -ggnf definite grammar scheme -cue selection and placement -dependency-based parsing -document class -convolution tree -psycholinguistic work -regression mechanism -word-based trigram language model -ibm model -speech-based natural language understanding -terminological knowledge representation -rdf metadata repository -decision support -principal component analysis -near-duplicate detection -morpheme boundary discovery -linguistic template matching -8-fold crossvalidation -monolingual query -web-based extraction -tree description grammars -native-code compiler -trigram training -normal state implicature -rule-based system -language understanding technique -speech graffiti-grammaticality -word-distance estimator -tree automaton -single-document summarization method -broadcast news transcription system -english parse -speech analysis -interpolation scheme -feature-term logic -lambda abstraction -rceognition -multimodal user interface -context updating -feature description unification -region segmentation -question detection -generative grammar -branch-and-cut -question processor -edition distance -sample selection -named entity identification -cognitive psychologist -dispenser -silence -extractive summarisation -discourse coding -parametertuning -adaptive production system -linked chain model -infinitival clause -information pertaining -synonymy test -n-gram transliteration model -constraint satisfaction inference -web-based corpora -robust dependency parsing -ravenclaw dialog management -retrieval procedure -surface word information -catalog shopping -similarity between words -outside knowledge -similarity calculation -measures -linguistic processing -comparable , non-parallel corpus -chinese part-of-speech -domain-specific constraint -template fllling -graph transformation -essay evaluation -full parsing -combined classification -sensory context -backoff n-gram model -on-line activation -rule-based learning -answer prediction -morphology shape -frequency weight -speech segmentation -structural parallelism -pyml machine -key-word -inference type -taxonomic weighting -correction recovery -memory processing -spontaneous speech corpora -randomization testing -crosslexica -unlexicalized parser -bottom-up generation -automatic diagram design -semantic category \ -english spoken document retrieval -tile lexicon entry -non-deterministic backtracking -text classification category -sequential morpheme extraction -information retrieval technology -parsing speech -query enhancement -part of speech tags -structural reasoning -abstraction morphism -pronoun disambiguation -grammatical structure -character-based indexing -contextual spelling correction -relation type classification -latent semantic analysis -predictive left-corner parser -fixed sentence translation -interactive speech understanding -instruction generation -cognitive science program -secondary storage -probability estimate -lp formulation -projection principle -kana-to-kanji translation -error analysis -automatic parametertuning -ontology research -bottom-up junction selection -text-to-speech synthesizer -semantic inference mechanism -slmulatlon -linguistic pattern recognition -wh-questions -crf feature induction -handtagged corpora -island parsing -magnitude estimation -logical information -pornography filtering -temporal reference -reading machine -input understanding -word candidate -heuristic selection process -name searching -re-estimation -word lookup -naiveoptimaldecode -supervised method -automatic machine translation -gnome annotation -order variation -td-psola diphone synthesis -surface structure tree -learning strategy -model selection -language interpretation problem -word-class generator -corpus-based learning -feature weights -single sentence summarisation -language instruction generation -electronic translation -translation-model estimation -distance optimisation problem -reason maintenance -phoneme-to-text conversion -example-based machine translation -queue reordering -dialogue evolution -dichotomizer -verb-based grouping -macro-averaging -natural language generator -inflected forms -canonical reduction -xslt-based annotation integration -generation framework -signal processing -nallsation analysis -word tagging -association score -semantic transfer mt -nl-expression -ssm recognition -translators -concept generalization -claws tag -natural language tools -speech segmentation algorithm -forest unpacking -grammatical theory -fidditch parser -hybrid text classification -multi-lingual toolkit -agent interaction pattern -constituent structure -majority class baseline -biomedical information -syntactic class -tile slot -posterior probability estimation -concept-to-speech generation -front-end design -greedy training -signature generation -ifametonymy recognition -morpho-syntactic variation -computer science research -segmentation processing -coherence analysis -boosted decision tree -spoken dialog systems -pundit -parser state -text structuring -anaphor resolving -multi-dimensional classifica -gate document manager -morphological category -multi-cost alignment -superarv -word shape tagging -syntactic chunking -multilingual speech -ipa notation -narrative natural language -lexical analysis tool -two-level morphology -topic tracking -japanese technical term -performance evaluation method -phrase attachment -semantic lexicon induction -quantification -medical corpus -user modeling system -energy posture -sentence comprehension -technical terms -unit selection algorithm -lexicalized training -lfg rule -hmm viterbi training -meeting processing -decoder parameter -summation model -decision tree model -java library -distribution-based pruning -morpheme identification -event identification and analysis -phonotactic information -textual structure -transducer training -dependency tree node -part-of-speech tagging system -sentence translation -frequency indicator -sentence understanding -recognition platform -variant-enhanced smoothing -psycho-narration -linearisation grammar -constituent tree -waveform concatenation -english phrase structure -term subjectivity -document modeling -anaphora tree -bilingual tree loss function -accusative case assignment -worst-case parse time complexity -multi-stack search algorithm -supervised learning problem -add-lambda smoothing -speech channel -gradient reranking -information retrieval\/extraction -utterance meaning -member sequential selection -lexicalized learning -delaunay refinement -zero-width negative lookahead assertion -real-time spoken language translation -document cluster -fast match -relation disambiguation -noun phrase generation -linguistic deduction -distributed processing -document assignment -word translation and transliteration -information-theoretic clustering -programming language standardization -ensemble method -termination condition -semantic case -back-transliteration -biomedical domain -6-fold cross validation -phrase-based statistical machine translation method -reflexivity -visualization method -evaluation algorithm -semantic construction -linear model -fact extraction -tree transcription -top-down rule -speak language understanding -left-to-right processing -phoneticization algorithm -question formation -weighting -generalized parallel backoff -atis ( air travel information system ) domain -nonlinear warping -parsing paradigm -cascaded finitestate parser -ontology markup language -short-answer reading comprehension -editing operation -time-synchronous viterbi-style beam search -discriminative approach -computational control -computational grammar development -sequential tagging -source sentence -programming interface -fixed word order -extensional reference -sentence compression tool -recursive scoring -hypothesis testing -lexical ambiguity resolution -tig parsing -disarnbiguafion -temporal event analysis -stepwise feature selection -neural network training -feature percolation -clustering analysis -computational approach -real-time computer-based ~ nforrnation retrieval -ferret -definite description resolution -equipment maintenance -cluster evaluation -c-structure\/f-structure pair -word recognizer -language-generation -retrieval performance -rule-compilation -linguistics -untagged text -segmentation ambiguity -indexing -segment duration normalization -analogical transfer -arabic text categorization -corpus preparation -automatic learning -human knowledge -nondeterministic derivation -harmonic sieve -redundancy elimination problem -processing platform -unsupervised open-text word sense disambiguation -gibbs sampler -complex noun -handwriting recognition -discourse-marker identification -suffixation rule -discourse processing algorithm -full-form lexicon -segment-wise discriminant function -term formation -induction -turkish morphology -telephone shopping -information availability -generative diagram design -dialogue clarification -hardware search engine -paragraph analysis -noun analysis -multimodal ambiguity resolution -man-machine collaboration -Word Identification -multi-word alignment -group identification -feature preprocessing -lexico-syntactic template -automatic document summarization -biomedical resource -syntactic template -language classification -temporal term weighting -morphosyntactic mapping -intonation -two-phase semantic role labeling -casual speech -narrative text -production rule -supervised bootstrapping -earley-style parsing -subsequential transducer -finite-state parser -discourse relations -lexico-semantic information -technical term -polynomial time solution -mandarin chinese -pair identification -polarization -verb selection -data redundancy -parameter re-estimation -relational data base -hangeul-hanja conversion -semantic categorization -element selection -channel theory -semantic analyzer -n-best chunker -heuristic plan recognition -noun similarity -ontological mediation -modifier-modificand relation -output realization -dialog manager strategy -alignment selection -multi-learner bootstrapping -polynomial time induction -switchboard telephone speech -expert domain knowledge -owl lite -object alternation -formal language -computer speech -grapheme-based speech recognition -double negation -parsing method -document boundary -log-odds ratio -automatic query translation -deep syntactic parse -dialog management -dirichlet distribution -inferences principle -elementary tree -multiparadigm programming system -local clustering -paragraph relevance -hypothesis -local area network -chinese prosodic phrase prediction -script generation and retrieval -expression pattern matching -spoken language research community -antonymous adjectives co-occurrence -swedish syntax -dialogue history -connected word recognition -symmetric conditional probability -reading assistance -medline search tool -probabilistic entailment detection -lisp machine -syntactic tree -tree-structured translation -empty element recognition -discourse segmentation -generalized phrase-structure grammar -weightmg -transitive graph -chinese part-of-speech tagging -constraint programming -meaning-text theory -limited-domain speech translation -bultreebank project -thesis statement identification -supervised document classification -discriminative language model -time-synchronous search -ngram modeling -language transfer -opinion summarization -legal text hierarchy -viterbi-style beam search -topic modelling -top-down tree automata -domain cross-validation -dutch pronunciation -term processing -dictionary consultation -feature convention -long-form validation -network transformation -system evaluation -augmented context-free grammars -programming matching -linguistic realization -language switching -pyramid evaluation -word trigram -conversion technology -fuzzy quantifier -tree induction -information filtering -unsupervised tagging -definite description -hou algorithm -ensemble learning -tile description -lexical change -cataloguing -semantics research -sri language modeling -metrical encoding -gaussian mixture model -interlingual mechanism -model training -training and test data -collection-driven concept-relation -tree grammars -slot grammar framework -word log-likelihood -text-input error correction -task-efficacy evaluation -paragraph representation -winnow method -note-taking -lexico syntactic pattern -text normalization -noun compounding -speech recognitio n -margin algorithm -conceptual domain -frame element classification -verb-object pair -japanese word-dependency tree -intersentential ellipsis -context conditioning -model probability -ontology induction -user modeling component -lemmatiser -analyser -parse tree path -igtree algorithm -gazetteer -structure assignment -similarity match -word lattice search -metadata building -tile boolean expression -predicative argument -ontology-based information extraction -multi-level analysis -list marker -heuristic matching -human query formulation -smoothing -intention -spontaneous speech-to-speech dialog translation -caseframe notation and parsing -bosnian -linear time search -meaning-level representation -bag-of-words method -coupling -bp detection -speaker role identification -multilingual link detection -shortest matching -cluster validation -linguistic information -unfold\/fold transformation -information extraction task -decision tree -ace relation detection -word segmentation and pos tagging -domain-dependent knowledge -nlp pruning -search request translation -phrasestructure parsing -closure principle -dictionary-making -pgf-inspired parsing -model bootstrapping -speaker utterance -clustering model -empirical results -bilingual parser -chronological information -plcg parsing -variable elimination -corpora training -linguistic knowledge base -bayesian smoothing -parameterization -optimization criterion -linear context-free rewriting -indaxation -dynamic-programming-based beam search -multivariate gaussian mixt ~ -list re-ranking -time switching -english law -grammar development environment -thesaurus induction -text indexation -reduction rule application -medline -technical dictionary -candidate parse -chinese retrieval -Paul -function word identification -bayesian combination -lexical context -presentation manager -pairwise alignment -computer-based indexing tool -public domain software -k-class classification -analysis cost -state-based training system -discourse entity -anaphoric relation -htk toolkit -n-gram frequency analysis -finite-state approximation -word set base representation -information worker -multi-level transfer -military theory -dt training -memm-based word segmenter -etiology -noun expansion database -conll-x -prepositional modifier -computer architecture -speech perception -topic spotting -rule completion -phrase labeler -communication theory -instance-based surface realization -sparse sequence alignment -ambiguity packing -feature type analysis -part-of-speech -statistics-based translation -dialog system development -np bracketing -supertag path -abbreviation resolution -wsd model -biography classification -data augmentation -parameter optimization -natural language proce -interactive information processing -ill-formed input -disambigualion -automated rule generalization -cky-like parsing -wordnet taxonomy -sentiment word -human-human corpora -network communication -semantic frame -ontology population method -word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) models -feature -language-independent form -loglinear model -transcription labeling -dative adjunct -verb form information -inference control -vocalization -copular verb -string-based modeling -tree projection -nb learning -japanese speech recognition -bottom-up parsing -co-occurrence frequency counting -early-type parser -byblos system -mutual information modeling -target domain -parameter selection -information bit rate -reliability analysis -supervise training datum -shift-reduce model -example selection -computer system -linguistic analysis tool -sentential complements -phrase ordering -type checking -knowledge acquisition and integration -iterative acquisition -joint probability -triphone cooccurrence smoothing -restoration procedure -bllip wsj corpus -intermediate representation level -lexical segmentation -unigram method -finite-state acceptor -latent relational analysis -statistical tagging -domain-oriented tlisamblguation -automatic categorization -coreference resolution performance -sdcn -relational databases -message -annotation framework -prosodic model -common noun classification -program interfaces -dt construction -sentence splitting code -message coherence -clause intonation -named entity translation -transmission-line parallel-processing -japanese segmentation -plan-recognition -language training -semantic correction -entity scoring -grammar approximation -synonym acquisition -fighter aircraft environment -croatian -sing unification -word sense annotation -semantic ambiguity resolution -weight-selection -terminological entry -supervised clustering -functional role -document relevance -lexicon acquisition and maintenance -speech recording and playback -block alignment -lexicalized sub-tree -verbal predication -learning domain -document relevancy -morphological analysis -lexical generalization -phrase labeling -randomized algorithms -interactive manipulation -event actor -dual scaling -skimmer -kuhn-munkres algorithm -tree -eigenvalue-hased decomposition music -pragmatic information -relative distance -fine-grained named entity classification -example-based verb sense disambiguation -semantic dependency net -thematic closeness -system integration -telephony banking -k-best parsing -recommender -knowledge acquisition bottleneck -word-to-word translation -meta-level grammar -syntactic variation -visual display -email speech act -interaction requirement -echo-cancellation procedure -speech recognition device -semantic domain -grammatical function ranking -translation system evaluation -context-free grammars -data-driven reasoning -conversational system -vertical search -wordnet sense-tagging -gender classification -text analysis program -embody conversational agent -human-robot interaction -recognition framework -cross-language text retrieval -parallel projection -normal-form parsing -rule specification -word matching -rocchio correlation -transcription engine -document vector -word order typology -automatic paraphrasing -vocabulary growth -acyclic transducer -confidence score -descriptive language -anaphora annotation -adnominal phrase attachment -sequence analysis -pipelined natural language generation -system development and debugging -text-classification learning -error classification -multi-field extraction -trump representation -termination criterion -morphologic recognition assistant -nrrc corpus -rule-based phrasing -grammatical constraint satisfaction -surface-word-based matching -sensedisambiguation -language identification algorithm -language parser\/generator -kullback-leibler divergence criterion -story link detection -similarity score -morphological variation -monolingual speech retrieval -graph construction -attitude revision -automated natural language analysis -planner -t-test output -ambiguity resolution -customer support -logic -semantic constraints -miscommunication -sequential classi cation -sub-topic correspondence -telecommumcauon -semi-automatic transformation -error correction -interpolation technique -sesame framework -optimization strategy -text generation research -topic determination -unsupervised evaluation -subtask labeling -text routing -monotonic reasoning -automated evaluation -deep language analysis -bilingual terminology compilation -entailment pair classification -schmm re-estimation -lexical semantic verb classification -logic programming \ -fragment extraction -toolkit -corpus-based natural language processing -verb-level negation -mutual-information -encoding scheme -depth-first backtracking -language-independent editing -parsing engine -text dictation system -adaptive training -stimulus manipulation -author-supplied sectioning information -event structure metaphor -tile distance -predicate-argument extraction -ioncl-distance movement equation -superficial parsing -structured string-tree correspondence -text classification \ -word-sense disambiguation algorithm -model training and testing -domain-specific prosody -speaker identity and gender -speech coding -giati monotonization -context similarity estimation -lexieal choice -forward search -underspecified discourse representation -hypo legal reasoning system -error rate estimator -entropy-based algorithm -temporal relationship -multilingual alignment -text processing system -lancaster-oslo\/bergen corpus -predictive analyzer -task-dependent knowledge -hypothesis reordering -rule-based interactive query modification -multivariate standardization -mi-ngram modeling -entity extraction -small training corpora -structural ambiguity -activity decay scheme -horizontal error detection -automatic reasoning -n-gram language modeling -entropy estimation -linear search -extraction paradigm -symbolic machine learning -semantic validation -term similarity -abstract translation -filter transducer -contra-indexing -best-first probabilistic chart -essay explanation -schema definition -direct projection algorithm -vmm learning -equational theory -pos sequence -humanhuman dialogue -paraphrase acquisition -length distribution -document-aligned corpora -route description generation -semantic-based transfer -monotonicity condition -syntactic and semantic expectation -textbook -adaptive disambiguation -ontological primacy -network deduction rule -adjunction argument -human language learning -template-driven utterance generation -witten-bell back-off -reasoning model -indexings -models -personal pronoun -annotation-projection -goi-taikei japanese lexicon -application programming interfaces -lemmata -markov model estimation -gelfand-ravishankar-delp expansion-pruning -statistical indexing -kullback-leibler divergence -language parsing technique -close bracket predictor -synonym matching -speech synthesis device -depth-first strategy -set partition -appearance similarity -monotone search -dynamic programming parsing -spoken-language parsing -word identification -word recognition algorithm -lhc processing flow -japanese-to-english machine translation -machine translation training -automatic construction -attribute extraction -context-group discrimination -automatic hypertext construction -memory-based learning -word-based approach -x-bar syntax -template coreference -data coding -intelligent tutoring system -language discrimination -web-based machine translation -hanja correspondence selection -directinterpretation -phrase expansion -tense compatibility -morpheme segmentation -agent processing -mergesort -quality judgment -penn chinese treebank -arda aquaint project -english np chunking -knowledge building -argumentative sentence -level assessment -map estimation approach -recognition language model -mln parameter estimation -summarization component -inflection identification -back-off algorithm -single phase alignment -textual inference -embedded clause -semi-automated extraction -global syntactic analysis -information sources -back-off smoothing -maximally-efficient discourse-processing -protein information -intra-sentential anaphora -trilingual alignment -binary sentiment -text-to-speech synthesis -principle-and-parameters language framework -question-answering human\/computer interface -chinese characters -document\/document comparison -history-based parsing approach -marker identification -word category prediction -corpus creation -occurrence restriction -monitoring -lexicographic information -acquisition procedure -automatic population -case insensitivity -file management -edit operation -ordered hierarchy -name phrase matching -stochastic tagging -redundancy-based correction -cue identification -speech repair -cf language recognition -scope disambiguation -machine learning methods -disambiguation knowledge -semantic argument parsing -structure alignment -tutoring -distribution-based pruning method -associative knowledge -feature structure-directed generation -hpsg derivation -phrasal smt -terminology compilation -top-down clustering -propagation algorithm -citationcounting -decausativization -minipar dependency parser -Arabic-English translation task -child language acquisition -language models -semiautomated knowledge-extraction -xml markup -increlnental translation -pattern detection -lattice manipulation -automatic abstraction -dna sequence matching -gene tagger -hindi translation disambigation -suffixes -syntactically-informed statistical machine translation -context feature -dialogue macrogame theory -formal query language -lexical-cohesion and conversational feature -large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition -ular inference -technical corpora \ -lambda-abstraction -text summarization evaluation -machine translation aid -name association -dialogue corpus -collaborative annotation -description language -learnability -syntactic position -web-oriented technology -head nod -instant messenger -character-based tagging -subcategorization information -textual units -mathematical modeling -discourse task -speech model -matrix factorization -levenshtein automaton -deconvolution -word fragment -message queuing -signal compression -correspondence extraction -opinion detection and analysis -word segmentation -grouping process -attribute-value structure -uniform feature weighting -typography -list training -annotation markup language -categorial selection -maximum match -argument -statistical natural language parser -conflict resolution -user-controlled search -hownet -reference identification -entity extractor -american english -proof building -edr corpus -nearest-neighbour classifier -crf model -static language modeling -cancer classification -natural language processing systems -syllable -automatic speech recognition technology -language technology -cepstral energy -production rules -computational technology -semframe -feature subset selection -structure determination -compositional method -summarization method -file searching -semi-automatic evaluation -similarity method -evaluation metric -logical form representation -sign translation -relational database -unlabeled dependency accuracy -chi-tfidf -quantifier shuffling -patent claims -isolated word recognition -implementation technique -discourse structure -charniak sentence parser -entity hierarchy -multilingual text generation -dictionary analysis -modified standard orthography -fixed-arity term unification -sense discrimination -test phase -database record -partial flattening -knowledge-building -parametric model -nist scoring -morphological tokenization -predicate selection -natural language engineering -database construction -lattice decoding -hypothesis selection -speech graffiti grammaticality -max-max reranking -text-to-scene conversion -status classifier -deep case relationship -arabic ocr -serialization -japanese ontology goi-taikei -left-recursion -bilingual lexicography -keyphrase -sub-supertype information -non-projective dependency -case-marking -corpus-based surface generation -lexical ambiguity -trainable classifier -rlsc regressor -text corpora -text tagging -query building -lexicon-based representation -venir -speech recognition task -genie english generator -gradient descent search -pronunciation training -dialogue performance -hanquery search engine -web retrieval -generalized composition grammar -parse-tree analysis -loss estimation -intensional logic -bilingual training corpus -parsing-as-deduction -smalltalk -beam search method -data-driven approach -lfg parsing architecture -discourse planning -polarity-tagged corpus -functional composition -answer ranking and re-ranking -ranking method -chronological ordering -paragraph extraction -Explicitation -expression recognition -opinion monitoring -f-1 measure -advanced speech recognition -part of speech tagging -HBG -conditional probability strategy -brute force search -translation evaluation method -rankboost -frequency estimation -multimedia information -memory-based tagging -tdmt ( transfer-driven machine translation ) -proper name -stratified sample -phrase mapping score -event sequence expression -hypothesis generator -user interaction -transformation-based tree -hypothesis scoring -multimodal utterance -kernel computation -topic grouping -structural specification -knowledge-based processing -english proficiency measurement -summary response generation -communication framework -incremental procedure -text-understanding system -natural language comprehension -vector similarity assessment -right-hand side -cross-language understanding -unsupervised approach -sign detection and translation -kernel density estimation -subdialog processing -ltag representation -tree transducer -interagent communication language -case frame tree -graph embedding -italian all-words sense disambiguation -multi-lingual text -decision-tree tagging -terminology detection -entity disambiguation -structural repetition -acronymattachment -speak language system -rotation estimation -phrase disambiguation -emacs -mention detection and recognition -treebank parsing -speech error correction -rhetorical-based summarization -atn parsing -adaptive planning -input string -translation mining -backtracking-based parsing -subtree-depth _ -sensetagged training -noun compound disambiguation -language retrieval -utterance selection -triplet-based hierarchical graph clustering -word sense disambiguation ( wsd ) -tbl training -bilingualdictionary -medical corpora -document retrieval evaluation -concatenative speech synthesizer -syntactic structures -prepositional phrases -language interface architecture -text re-generation -bonferroni correction -time adjunct -topicorganized corpora -interpolated kneser-ney smoothing -noise adaptation or mitigation -string kernel -topic definition generation -pattern abstraction -statistical terminology translation -parallelism -foreign language -interaction design -automatic mention recognition -ifsa segmentation -linguistic realizer -treebank grammar -entropy formulation -gap-threading -intensional meaning -automatic documentation -natural language classification -morphosyntactic description -serial decomposition -dependency determination -stem translation probability -head wrapping -parameter tuning -tree-based predicate-argument recognition -model rescoring -simultaneous interpretation -event network -automatic word clustering -style accuracy -lexicon merging -english suffixation -feature space -ne recognition performance -typed feature logic -unit function -focus shifting -human interference -phrase structure grammar -wsd program -sequential machine -character error rate -numerical stability -tag parser -protein names -morphological agreement -tutoring dialogue -fine-grained scoring system -rhetorical relation -opinion entity extraction -dependent-context -translation choice method -shallow knowledge engineering -english spelling model -recognition software -email-specific summarisation -value grouping -tree-bank -search1 engine -verbal dialogue act -v-fom cross-validation -lexical type database -text-to-text alignment -gui builder -linguistic expression -system-initiated clarification -automarie subjectivity recognition -headline generation evaluation -nl parsing -context-free languages recognition -semantic knowledge representation -generative lexicon theory -speech recognition technology -scheduling dialogue -language disambiguation -automatic summarization -natural language access -query completion -sbar structure -language and speech processing -referent -thai ocr -phonetic research -semantic-head-driven generation -word domain disambiguation -batch testing -evaluation function -subcategorization acquisition -two-level rule -chart-based search -microplanning -list extraction -estimation algorithm -top-down deduction -speech mining -cue phrase disambiguation -external knowledge -user interface -syllabification task -content based information retrieval -one-to-many translation -computer-aided language learning -sentence fusion system -domain feature ranking -back-propagation -linear-time chart parsing -definition analysis -task-based evaluation -biomedical entity recognition -window-based segmentation -symbolic classification -parsing research -belief noise -customization -knowledge management -document understanding -key phrase -modeling dialogue -recognition assistant -type structure -termlist translation -acquisition task -pattern definition -distance parsing -fragment processing -lexicography -interactive paraphrasing -language model building -parser reranking -language disambiguation task -penn treebank tagset -weak classifier -pronoun anaphora -galton-watson -path-elimination -syntactic catconstruct tree -relation ranking -tnt tagger -unsupervised stemmer -gr extraction -dialogue schema -text realization -weighted bipartite matching -inferential theory for natural language presupposition -chinese segmentation -supervised harvesting -twa dataset -pivotal construction -named entity detection -discourse attachment -empty tree -network evaluation -incremental concept formation -automated natural language processing -speech toolkit -lexical bigram -text-to-speech system -structured query translation -semi-automatic human-machine dialogue simulation -discourse annotation -web search -summarization evaluation research -active\/passive sentence voice -scope preference -structure manipulation -error minimization -error mining and detection -approximate search -morphology discovery -term assignment -extrinsic evaluation -web page collection -feature engineering process -gene names -distributional learning -context reduction -word vectors -hash coding -significance filter-ing -stack-based model -segmentation corpora -single character location -subject\/object extraction -dcg compilation -control flow -term alignment -system training -explicit topic information -decoding procedure -fledback query processing -internet movie database -spelling-error correction -relation attribute -efficient grammar compilation -penn treebank style corpora -penn discourse treebank -syllable combination -error character -conversion procedure -user browsing -cross referencing -chunk parser -keyword analysis -decision tree approach -inconspicuous collocate -text indexing and query -learning environment -interactive relevance feedback -syntantic mismatch -semantic chunking -contour -document-level answer retrieval -soft clustering -real-valued feature -left-to-right surface-based elementary unit identifier -synthesized speech -selectionist learning -subtype classification -semantic pattern -language modeling knowledge -lexical relation discovery -relative clauses -single article summarization -translation precision -semantic category -16-fold cross validation -human language -document detection -pronoun choice -parse score weight -tile transformation -xml markup system -language processing engine -unbalanced class distribution -ontologyalignment ormatching -translation disambiguation -common sense knowledge -probability distribution -treebank training -cooccurrence-based method -sense approximation -open source environment -cross-lingual validation -un-normalized confusion matrix -decision tree learning -on-line translation -novelty detection -lexeme acquisition -tagging task -pcfg parsing -confirmation management -word or semantic error rate -cluster transcription rule -lsa research -bag of words -multivalent pdf extracttext -candidate extraction pattern -distributional similarity -colloquial speech -indefinite noun phrase -optical character recognition -intelligent planning assistant -candidate term -left-recursion elimination -knowledge organization -equivalence determination -lexicalist parsing -processing approach -word type alignment -argument cluster coordination -expression evoking -phone-based recognition -language processing\/understanding -lexical database system -cluster recovery -feature derivation -source-expressesopinion relation extraction -nouns -recursive structure -ellipsis restoration -sentence parsing and understanding -system architecture -comparable corpus -human judgment -darpa naval resource management -local alignment -animacy recognition -hill-climb -phrase-based indexing -rhetorical structuring -grosjean corpus -abbreviation -speed-based evaluation -syntactic phrase structure -acceptproposal message -tree elaboration -data retrieval -linguistic filter -essay assessment -plot-comparison -multi-reference word -data accumulation -rule-based inference -harvesting -data collection initiative -content planning -discourse-relevant purpose -language understanding and generation -natural language querying -backoff model -information model -human speech -expert system explanation -pircs retrieval -understanding module -conversation system -elliptical fragment -function labeling -sprint -relationship information extraction -automated reasoning -left-to-right parsing -text categorisation -selection algorithm -direct induction -unified medical language -bilingual term extraction -category selection -irregular orthography -discriminative modeling -broadcast news -question types -null grammar -text classiflcation -hypernym-labeled noun hierarchy -language query system -semantic label -linguistic pre-processing -blackboard architecture -unsegmented dialogue-act annotation -language question parser -dictionary definition -cky chart parsing -head-driven strategy -breadth-firs % parsing -presentation agent -time to solution -count-based feature selection -database curation -alignment method -hill climbing -grammar network construction -anguage understanding -hand-crafted knowledge -dynamic programming procedure -cluster selection -semi-supervised training procedure -speech part classification -automata toolkit -information state -lexical coverage -parser -argument-adjunct interpolation -discourse marker lexicalization -rst-based planning -pcfg model -trie construction -keyword weighting -prague dependency treebank -table row recognition -multilingual coreference resolution -x-schema-based inference system -extractive summarization -tile distortion model -semantic representation matching -ctb dataset -disjunction elimination -acyclic finite state automaton -lexical parsing -nonlocal checking -indefinite noun -computational system -japanese text retrieval -data systems -qristal -semiautomatic annotation -relational database management -language processing software -acoustic-phonetic component -answer completeness and uniqueness -n-gram model -structure recognition -positional indexing -parallel texts -f-measure training -viterbi generation -lalr table building -definitional question answering -multi-modal lnteraction \ -temporal relation determination -thesatmm construction -relation extraction method -functional grammar -discourse level taggingtool -pragmatics processing -speech indexation -text genre detection -learning approach -word sense selection -gazetteer lookup -nlp\/language engineering -white noise -text categorization lnethod -smt translation -spoken dialogue corpora -pitch accent recognition -cmu communicator -backtracking procedure -automatic mt evaluation -tree structure -svm model -orthographic transcription -guage translation -company name recognizer -java servlet -stylistic adjustment -web searching -grammatical complexity -finite state modeling -probabilistic lexical tagger \ -background knowledge -ontology representation -lalr table generation -probability modeling -korean chart parser -subset construction determinization -software system -finite state translation -topical significance -basenp recognition -interlingual machine-translation -global selection -discriminative named entity recognition -description generation -transliteration similarity approach -thai ocr research -max-margin estimation -dpocl planning -intelligent information retrieval -maximum-entropy parsing -word level alignment -knowledge component -temporal expressions -utfification function -opine -complexity generation -text searching -causal reasoning -kullback-liebler divergence -thesaurus generation -machine learning software -explicit domain knowledge -case-based machine translation -semantic classification trees -japanese parsing \ -statistical part-of-speech tagger -codeword-dependent neural networks -2-d shape recognition -sense selection algorittun -language\/codeset recognition -move -word correction -lisp object system -igtree decision tree -modelling algorithm -hierarchical phrase alignment -hypothesis test -annotators -bidirectional decoding -hierarchical lexicon -authorship recognition and verification -segmental clustering -dialogue progression control -japanese analyzer -biorat evaluation -markers\/selection restriction -expectation-maximisation -nlachine translation -node reduction -minimalism -noun phrase length -case frame induction -machine translation pipeline -lazyboosting -path consistency -single error rate -genre identification -symbolics lisp machine -language dialog interface -large-vocabulary cross-language information retrieval -euroword-net -meeting summarisation -word processing -countrywide communication -translation probabilities -human-system interaction -instance bootstrapping -monte carlo parser -syntactic form -n-best weight estimation -pen-path length -utterance generation -language processing toolkit -cobweb -transition probability -iterative beam search -feature term extraction -phrase extension -structured stack -compiler technology -linear combination -multimodal communication -structures discovery -biology entity identification -machine evaluation -linear algebra -operational semantics -semantics resource construction -viterbi algorithm -conslituent boundary parsing -lexical realization model -head-driven bottom-up -ocr-based text acquisition -phrase tagging -indefinite noun phrases -rating classification -subgrammar extraction -cue words -church-gale alignment -pattern generalization -text structure pattern -fitness-based selection -hybrid method -word-based matching -accuracy -bootstrap sampling -v-fold cross-validation -semantics analysis -bracketed d-tree representations -system-building -sentence length model -segment -paragraph-based alignment -enever obstacle detection -frequencies method -text-structuring -continuous understanding -dialogue control -audio\/video search -fact -average interaction time -cfg parsing -relativization -pen-based gesture input -damsl -subset mining -semantic interpretation -sentence length and perplexity -clbigram -inquery retrieval system -daikou-reference -data recorder -da discrimination -table building -event detection -relaxation labeling -lattice construction -ebl learning -k-means clustering -25-fold cross-validation -target language synthesis -illocutionary act -phrase type -non-literal aspect of communication -listener -email summariser -discourse action -tree-adjoining grammar ( tag ) -speech recognizer training -darpa communicator -text-snippet extraction -hierarchical ontology -multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation -recall-enhancing -french word -redundant information -correlations -bilingual lexicon -bitext -langnage processing -parameter adaptation -document identification -deterministic finite state automata -virtex aspect choice -message-to-speech -graphical access -distance score -phonetic alphabet -settheoretic inference -computer system architecture -inter-rater comparison -statistical cooccurrence -tagged term polarity -best-first alignment -svm algorithm -statistical model -probabilistic classifier -entropy training -interactive dialogue -inter-cluster edge weight -da mixture modeling -reasoning algorithm -information retrieval measure -keyword matching -answer typing -hardware -handcrafted knowledge -learning methods -path alignment -system synchronization -chunk tagging -syntactic relation -generating training examples -user training -bilingual sense disambiguation -semantic analysis -summary-based alignment -automatic word pronunciation -interactive entertainment -grammar checker -search service -non-deterministic fusion -global optimization -finite state pattern -pitch control -practical grammar development -vpe detection -section identification -associative unification -confusion probability table -morphological disamblguation -information retrieval model -directory assistance -binary relation extraction -german-to-english translation -large thesaurus -generalized contextual grammar -type nominal_object -intransitive verb -domain-independent knowledge management -sense disambiguation system -frame analysis -plural expression -text skimmer -quantification information -representation technique -adverbial modifier -nominal position -co-occurrence patterns -text categorization system -text clustering -binomial likelihood function -dictionary-based understanding -mit atis system -gene name -interlisp spelling correction -cross-validating -concept identifer -differential weighting -twolevel morphology -reuters-21578 standard document collection -training set -true error rate -query modification \ -rule generator -topic presentation -average precision -parser construction -grid topology -hypernym -formal reasoning -recognition error correction -cross-language resource -anaphoricity determination -linear extrapolation technique -bigram clustering -linguistic decoding -assert parser -shallow text generation -order identication -marker passing -man-machine dialogue system -smoothing technique -letter coding -convergence -label sequence learning -biomedical information extraction -context-dependent phonetic model -Human-Machine Communication -corpus matching -conll-2003 data set -rhetorical status selection -threshold selection -distribution -morphological analyzer\/generator -chinese bracketing -model definition and estimation -flexible control strategy -sense tagger -model theory -domain modelling -owl dl -english language dictionary -mathematical knowledge -word-aligment -cluster centroid -japanese-english conversation translation -unknown word extraction -internal tree structure -notational simplicity -anaphoric chain -partial parsing -Arabic word segmentation system -unknown word processing -atomic event extraction -transition information -concept-to-text generation -phrase disambiguation method -resource sensitivity -standard keyword-based information retrieval -idiom recognition -term weighting statistical assignment paradigm -selection model -unknown-word boundary identification -morpheme level -domaindependent lexical classification problem -logical grammars -clause resolution -syntactic word alignment -buckwalter morphological analysis scheme -ac corpus -generic speech recognition -tagging -phonetics-to-text translation -best-first chart parser -bagged tree model -sem-tag -head percolation table -vocabulary source -approximation -adverb attachment -prolog programming -context tracking -1000-word continuous speech recognition -verb class -phrase break detection -grammatical processing -hmm-based combination -reference resolution -transliteration english translations -human natural language production process -machine hyphenation -grammatical role information -slot type -query processing -multivariate clustering -structure sharing -distortion-based decoder -shallow text analysis -sentential subject -computational theory -topic assignment -corrective training -contradiction detection system -text representation -parsing models -semilinearity -graph-based semi-supervised relation extraction -communication environment -chinese-english information retrieval -the chart parsing -aggregation information -mutual reinforcement -object detection -adjective senses -cross-sentence merging -synchronous corpus -language theory -language generation technique -clustering smoothing -spoken-language translation -indicator clustering -user profile -anlt grammar -link grammar parser -portuguese parser -french understanding evaluation -metaphorical phraseology -topic labeling -unit of translation -cost-based abduction -generalized ellipsis resolution -text planning process -dynamic decoding -cross-language question-answering -translation search -text content representation -dialogue translation -one-dimensional search -conceptual graph acquisition -semantic attribution -computer-science tenniuology -spatial description -document descriptor ( keywords ) -adaptive leaming -chomsky normal form -turn-taking -exact matching -subjectobject identification -search engine analysis -multi-phase compilation -language processing system -textual dimensionality reduction -situation handling -hierarchical smoothing -minimal dfa -glass box evaluation -sfst -functional generative description -graphical interaction -penn treebank -categorial structure -comparable corpora -feature appropriateness -syntactic phrase indexing -manual word classification -nlg natural language generation -node-based inference mechanism -chart management -search system -stochastic optimization -speech summarisation -co-occurrence retrieval -neighbor clustering -word-based evaluation -customization tool -discourse relation classification -short messaging service -dialogue quality -word type -article extraction module -serial integration -sequence labeling -genre-specific corpora -negative clause -alignable sentence table -associative processor ( aps ) -accent type -type identification -ogi multilanguage telephone speech -backgrounded information -n-gram matching -automatic compound retrieval -speech event structure -text-to-text generation method -incremental annotation -disambiguation -stopword filtering -american english timit -hector corpus -role prediction -arabic sense tagging -synonym expansion -pharaoh training -word dependent substitution costs -case analysis -textual unit -constituent structure tree -document highlighting -features combination -noun-phrase extraction -modeling translation -semantic model -metaphor comprehension -empiricist induction -step-wise treatment -automatic essay grading -automatic language processing -unlexicalized training -thesaurus discovery -voting -statistical translation modeling -keywords -language identification -implementation -natural language environment -language generation process -word formation pattern -naivedecode -computational text analysis -head-driven parsing -automatic text mining -em-based clustering -greedy selection -cryptography -text detection -parser adaptation -tic-tac-toe pruning -dependency analysis -summarizaton -textual clustering -knowledge structure -island-driven parsing -distributional generality -cast3lb treebank -resolution\/term generalization -human annotation performance -ace task -part-of-speech set -clustering paradigm -shot analysis -class-based smoothing -similarity-based grouping -shake-and-bake translation -paired-comparison -senses of a word -noun-phrase identification -headline summarization -greedy parsing -terms -wordnet package -prosodic behavior -multimedia articulation of answer -subject determiner type -monte carlo algorithm -markov model -lexical knowledge acquisition -lemmatizer -tf.idf-weighting -incremental algorithm -parsing ill-formed input -smoothing method -dependency case -linguistic-and-templates system -reversibility problem -file parsing -answer selection modules -sentence boundaries -user-centered design -linguistic input -plan expansion -index-based annotation -garbage collection procedure -vocalized corpus -adm\/rdm classification -rule generalization -language learning model -person name extraction -phonemic analysis -itg parsing -sentence separation -noun phrase anaphora -non-ambiguous pronoun use -passive verb -polysemous words -natural langufige -lexical substitution -channel normalization -acronym generation -blog writing -relational matrix -terminology structuring -subcategonzation scheme -metagrammar compilation -dependency relation -knowledge source combination -phrase segmentation -domain-independent knowledge representation -unification-based lexicon -phone language model -phrase attachment disambiguation -grammar-based language teaching -speech recognition performance -sense-tagged corpora -path indexing -semantic pattern acquisition -error-driven machine learning -rule-based postprocessor -Japanese bunsetsu -organizational framework -wave manipulation -unification -review helpfulness ranking -morphemes -multilingual annotation -clause-like unit boundary -language-specific lexicalization -discourse marker tagging -narrative pattern -discourse genre -phrase-table smoothing -slot grammar parser -hyponym extraction -mnfiation mechanism and interpretation -metathesaurus retrieval -context vectors -acoustic roodcling -behavioral specification -information access dialogues -taggers -message understanding conference -subword-based tagging -knowledge scenario -expression processing -sequence modeling -illustration -non-neural network -verb clause -modularization -greedy heuristic -human language learn process -probabilities -bag-of-word representation -unsupervised clustering -processing mechanism -template formation -segmentation \/ -recognition evaluation -n-gram language identification -collaborative discourse -probabilistic lr parser -deterministic shift-reduce parsing -output variant generation -average-link clustering algorithm -subsumption checking -grammar\/lf development -decoder -kl-one dialect -resource acquisition -parser optimisation -electrical engineering -constructional meaning -character recognition \ -pronominal resolution -computing -greedy word alignment -interactive help -automatic keyword indexing -germanic european1 languages -definition-question-answering system -computer vision system -multi-label classification -phrase parsing -biological sequence analysis -wordnet similarity package -character code -lf alignment -semantic constraint matrix -log-linear feature combination -model estimation -signature collapsing -trigram -levin verb index -n-best list extraction -item response theory -automatic error detection -empirical justification -matlab code -predicate -multiple news summarization -infbrmation theory -automatic syllabification -lexical category information -entries -viterbi beam -benchmark corpus -pcfg parser -link assignment -noun modifier -annotation editor -text encoding initiative -likelihood parameter -role projection -scf structure -confusion network -word alignment -feature-based pronunciation model -text processing program -syntactic acquisition -polysemic information -eliza -support-vector machine -story understanding mechanism -linear deduction -weighting method -training set size -n-place predicate -prosody-based identification -natural speech -sequence model -verb subcategorisation -automatic grammar induction -compound noun identification -software testing -named entity corpora -mt evaluation -context matching -language generation problem -diacritization error rate -syntagme nominal -chinese information retrieval -subjectivity -processing simulation -opportunistic planning -manufacturing -bottom-up extraction -expansion ellipsis -eter estimation method -information status assignment -lexiccr-semantic rule -sentence level -relevance measurement -statistical word-to-word translation model -temporal interpretation -syntactic statement -feature vector -word alignment and annotation -machine learning -bottom-up grammar development -thoughttreasure -language analysis system -connectiouism -chinese-english text -full first-order logic -constituency schema -topic -morphology analyzer -phrase -density function -multi-document graph -redundancy -lta-based gramnlars parsing -one-versus-rest method -translator system -knowledge base design -phrasal pattern -english dictionary -logic programming language -adaptive language modeling -functional hierarchy -information retrieval framework -principal eigenvector computation -entity transliteration -speech synthesis system -english-japanese machine translation -dual perceptron -knowledge representation technique -anaphora comprehension -language-independent bootstrapping -conjunct -dialogue interpretation -BU recognition system -cb-parsing -online parsing -spread vowel -dative case -user interface design -mixture trigram model -text categorization and clustering -question answering system -lc parsing -scoring tool -parallel distributed processing framework -arabic morphology -dynamic generation -prccesslng device -application building -lcxical disambiguation -desktop publishing software -domain -naive bayes -intuitive user interface -question formulation assistance -syntactic feature -phone-modelling -knowledge-based parsing -phrase coreference resolution -np\/pp translation -similarity estimation -human inter-coder reliability -known word segmentation -tokenisation -semantic constraint -axioms -care -parameter tying -speech recogntion -text chunking problem -matrix factorisation -general-purpose chunking -grammatical category -recall evaluation -gemini parser -biterm model -morphosyntax -assisted learning -purposive discourse -checker -assessing mutual knowledge -macro-noun phrase -hpsg principle -free text -d-tree -tag reduction -association table -full parsing \ -computation model -term alignment and extraction -object disambiguation -engineering\/configuration management -linguistic features -television -data estimation -information retrieval and extraction -query expansion and translation -alignment computation -conceptual interlingua -browser -noun knowledge base -presupposition detection -structured feature -string addition -cross language retrieval -attention shift mechanism -best-first generation -text retrieval method -dialogue patterns -subsyllabic structure -notational brevity -ibm speech recognition -grammatical agreement -phoneme-based speech recognition -classification criterion -k-nn method -machine translation performance -gemini nlp system -stochastic approximation -language learn experiment -mandarin chinese \ -single-view bootstrapping -branch algorithm -controlled parsing -text meaning -tree construction -type similarity -probabilistic analysis -neighbor graph -topic expansion -data reuse -action item -error-correction -optimisation problem -context-based word-error correction -tsr tree -lexical classification -synthetic speech -lint structure unification -umls specialist lexicon -string searching -stylistic variation -role selection -transformational part-of-speech tagger -multi-stack search -ambiguity type -penn tree-bank -approximate relation matching -de-inflection -sequence segmentation -id3 algorithm -sentence compression problem -domain communication knowledge -denotational variation -chinese information processing -pattern generalisation and scoring -predictive information -submanifold -bitext map -verb group identification -collocation -linguistic -arc-eager parsing -complex mixed initiative dialogue -top-down refinement -large speech corpora -collocation identification and extraction -breadth-first parsing -dative restructuring -psychological research -search time -europarl corpus -manual sense disambiguation -news story segmentation -order transformation -text engineering -deterministic data-driven dependency parsing -prosodic pattern detection -translation equivalence -verbal modifier -n-gram-based completion -unigram scoring -viterbi alignment -question\/answer process -pushdown store automata -terminology \ -site selection -video index -classifler reflning -hidden markov model -inferential ability -perceptron training -style trigram model -clustering-level accuracy -human checking -sequential parser -multi-level learning -arabic\/english transliteration -assembly language -stochastic context-free grammars -speech act processing -statistical language modeling -location analysis -tree substitution -text information -lexical entailment -similarity table -structure matching -non-statistical indexing -rules -interactive online classroom -large corpus -chinese word-segmentation -document type definitions -tipster joint venture corpus -aggregation mechanism -sentence alignment task -manner-class information -joint training -winnows -conjunct identification -identifyingsimilartext acrossmultilingual corpora -pattern production -pennsylvania treebank -k-nn estimation -japanese-to-english semantic transfer dictionary -oltline parsing -tipster collection -word boundary identification -ltag supertag set -ngram -statistical training -discourse-level understanding -text-based input -topiccategory -lexical and syntactic feature -compiler construction -human name recognition -retrieval track -naive back-off algorithm -logical language -propbank parsing -dutch literature -statistical language model -word sequence length -proof assistant -compositional translation estimation -indirect evaluation -noise model -hyperarticulation -named-entity recognizer -conceptual hierarchy -word list modification -word-processing software -proof net -mission planning -part-of-speech recognition -linear derivation -text-phoneme conversion -server-side script -infixation -compositional phrase -systemic classification -greedy decoding -instance selection -argumentation mark-up -co-operative interaction -morpho-lexical probabilities -chinese electronic dictionary construction system -digraph theory -classical supervised machine learning -dl learning -object case relation -japanese information retrieval -elliptical expression -discourse comprehension -role determination -active learning algorithm -computer-generated test -medical named-entity recognition -spoken language applications -computer training -written communication -atms-style parsing -video-conferencing -personality classification performance -natural language database -edit-distance technique -statistical modelling paradigm -probability grouping -caption generation system -english-japanese translation process -clause alignment -gene name normalization -content selection model -expository convenience -semantic processor -inductive decision tree learn -incremental feature selection -wordnet usability -phonological modification -data sparsity -grammar traversal -machine translation task -computational discourse research -possessional modifier -clause comparison -constraint-based phonology -fluent phrasing -text-independent speaker verification -broad coverage parser -clinical management -nominal modification -limiteddomain speech recognition -empty path -reduced conjunction -right-to-left decoding method -function composition -perceptron -interactive question answering -schema tree -incremental linear deduction method -non-coastituent coordination -pruning confidence -stepped-level interactive machine translation -phrase referent -terminological research -109-speaker training set -co-occurrence-based classification -n-gram match -dictionary creation -argumentation theory -Head Grammars -recursive clause -ptb parsing -attachment resolution -pattern matching and deduction -open-text disambiguation -split-and-translate quality -confidence calculation -conditional model -speech retrieval -inflected surface form -augmented phrase -nearest-neighbor clustering -phone-based model -backwardchaining -active constraint -itg decoding -sentence recognition -word vector weighting -cumputatioual morphology -iterative process -knowledge analysis -10-word windowing -hmm induction -kas search -keyword-driven speech recognition -pattern representation -assignment method -network generation mechanism -hierarchy -significance score -phonetic alignment algorithm -source-to-target word transliteration -japanese-english transliteration -class-based estimation -candidate classification -classification-based generation -statistical sequence -topic signature acquisition -corpus model -speaker recognition -part-of-speech tagger \ -nacsis test collection -action detection and tracking -svm-tok tokenizer -tease acquisition -quantitative information -tree homomorphism -paragraph mapping -category assignment -dictionary rule -word-senses -corpus-based natural language understanding technique -response generation -typicality distribution -cross-field bootstrapping -lexicon-extraction -person name disambiguation -one-pass identification\/classification -programming language theory -vnsa learning -style detection -hmm-based speech recognizer -statistical language modelling -interpreter -speech api -u transfer -prosodic assignment -information research -two-phase alignment -sentence retrieval -text visualization -incremental parsing method -maximum likelihood segmentation -memory search -timex recognition task -feature weighting -broad-coverage sense tagging -rhetorical structure tree -hypernym classification -french translation -incremental plan recognition -speech recognition benchmark -word learning -model induction -two-step cluster process -corpus datum -why-question -context construction -dialogue grammar -preposition classifier -schema -extralinguistic reality -duration information -pronoun generation -semantic treebank -lexical analysis -dialogue service -semantic inference -edge matching -viterbi -bottom-up shift-reduce parsing -idiomatic expression -nlp systems -generalisation accuracy -semantic web applications -textual metadata -information searching -semantic relation analysis -one sense per collocation observation -ontology integration -linear space -punctuation generation and capitalization -computational research -binomial test -answer caching -speech indexing -verbal root -special grammar usage -clue alignment -modeling decision -semantic feature dictionary -complete graph -language understanding \ -inheritance mechanism -theory-based translation -sequence database -unit graph -semi-supervised information extraction -automatic language identification -layer training -dictionary-definition -language communication -antecedent identification -indicator morpheme -constraint-solving -machine translation \ -endangered language data -name detection -lexicon learning -argument graph -dcg grammar formalism -festival speech synthesizer -multiple-term frequency calculation -language labeling -french text -February '92 test sentences -ambiguity handling -digit recognition -korean partof-speech -reference tracking -hybrid clustering -bilingual mutual information clustering -template reasoning -np generation -coindexation recovery -automatic switching -linguistic tree -Korean phonological knowledge base system -lexical structure -language detection -bidirectional grammar design -treebank wsj corpus -suffix truncation -corpus building -clitic pronoun -training material -tile parsing process -dimension reduction -fuzzy logic -glass-box smoothing -head sorting -maxent classifier -automatic correction -surface pattern -sentence-ordering -genia corpus -penman sentence generator -classification trees -syntactic parser -wall street journal text -pdt learning -dependency tree -machine reasoning -slot expansion -dialogue act annotation -conditional probability model -non-verbal modality -viterbi-style approximation -tract model -mixture modelling -tile chunker -backoff language model -constituent structure \ -translation quality -inventory management -type lattice -treetransformation -multimodal interactive disambiguation -dictionary search -pronoun resolution -topical analysis -semantic dialogue -rate reduction -pattern recognition system -one-pass decoding -english-japanese translation -guided assembly -text understanding system -answer construction -lexieal information -multilingual generation -vpe resolution -statistical text categorization -visually-grounded language learning -centroid method -unsupervised parameter estimation -neural learning -cluster membership granularity -customizable information extraction -prioritization -mt technology -scientific discovery -gender discrimination -verb groups -intractability -algebraic characterization -automatic compilation procedure -goal-directed bottom-up processing -CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system -normalization model -framenet corpora -multi-word expression extraction -stem -local phrase extraction -lcs composition -spoken-language system -head-driven parsing \ -umls -large feature space -semantic processing -noun phrase bracketing -anaphora resolution -word classes -messaging -reranking task -relevance extraction -broad-coverage parsing -network representation -word sense discrimination -dutch letter-phoneme conversion -computing infrastructure -speech recognizer performance -arabic orthography -plural formation -link prediction -propogation -optical storage -blue book corpus -nonverbal behavior -dynamic programming algorithm -language generator -belief modelling -lauguage processing -on-line dialogue -language typology -cumputer -n-gram text categorisation -feature selection algorithm -opinion detection -path searching -omega ontology -sphinx ii speech recognizer -np realization -table interpretation -scoring dependency structure -sentence splitting quality -morphology tool -xtag -atng-based analysis -benefactive alternation -lrc algorithm -automated ontology alignment -word recognition output -np chunking -rule-learning approach -garbage text identification -ai planning -syntax correction -naive bayes system -sentence processing -phonological rule -expression generation -ambiguous reasoning -modeling discourse -patr formalism -neural-net\/expert-system -collocational substring -natural language inference -metaphoric language -redundancy detection -mulrinomial distribution -linguistic modelling -benchmark ontology -automatic constituent analysis -automatic closed caption alignment technique -surface syntactic structure -context-sensitive inference -video mail -structure inheritance -similarity definition -speech acts -rule ordering -randomized selection -d-theory -low-level feature detection -japanese dialogue analysis -binary tree -neighborhood pruning -empty node restoration -multiple document summarization -parsing-based ne rule -corpus-based language modeling -language representation and processing -phrase break -statistical approach -loco c model re-estimation -syntactic processor -sub-network -parser module -generation function -rewrite-rule rule-compilation -rule-based approach -summarization systems -grammatical coverage -information control -type subsumption hierarchy -order identification problem -large vocabulary speech -extended wordnet project -user utterances -word-based 5gram language model -context-free language parsing -semantic filter -me modeling -finite state transducers -plr parsing -l.exicai-fuuctional grammar -bilingual knowledge bank -morphological analyser -inductive generalisation -chinese-to-english smt model -speech corpora -constraint satisfaction -speaker ' gaze information -modeling vagueness -likelihood estimation -mt architecture -sentence detection method -collins-based acquisition -combing unstructured text -construction determinization -morpheme decomposition -chart parser -high-frequency word -small-sized training -idiomaticity -sentence translation rule -chinese web -sense linking -task-oriented and goal-directed dialogs -pattern-matching technique -noun complements -inter-reviewer agreement -conceptual knowledge -google search engine -entailment modeling -hierarchical bayesian n-gram model -collocationextraction -phrase resolution -natural-language text -rhetorical status -thai synthesis system -content structuring -metaphor processing information -inference component -english term constituent -scoring scheme -automatic corpus analysis -polynomial-time search -grammar calculus -inforrnation retrieval -k-nn classification -scientific computing -conversational language modeling -syntactic rule -watermark -correct translation rate -network activity -yarowsky algorithm -chinese unknown word extraction -information filter -av extraction -alignment loss function -category description language -derivations -complexity analysis -text phrase -dacluster -frame instantiation -forward pass -hmm path -memory-based sequence learning -sense disaznbiguation -lexical error recovery -phrasal position -prosody prediction -clause splitting tool -code optimization -modern cantonese -qlf resolution -hierarchical smoothing procedure -natural-language understanding -svm-light-tk software -culture -exercise generation -nominal phrase -key term extraction -mle thresholding -statistical topic classification -summary creation -full regression -bilingual concordancer -annotation inconsistency -gene expression programming -inverse document frequency -acoustic modelling -eisner algorithm -synthetic combination generation -mutual information score -openccg realizer -circuit repair -partial path feature -software engineering -machine translation framework -phonotactic automata -pronunciation determination -databases -transition probabilities -sentence-based alignment -feature expansion -classification-based representation -understanding component -social network -database engineering -multiword lexical unit identification -noisychannel modeling -automated information extraction -dependency phonology -document creation -permutation tree -word-classification -phrase\/rule extraction -translation lexicon extraction -verb inflection -argument-value selection -translingual distributional word clustering -nyu proteus project -identification\/classification -recognition phase -explicit frequency -diagnostic procedure -corpus benchmark tool -phonetic search -domain kernels -contextual features -greedy segmenter -transposition -speaker-adaptive speech recognition -acoustic sentence segmentation -relative feature focus -componential analysis -subject recognition -keyword extraction -topic recognition -syntactic structure analysis -cyrillic script -uniform scoring -spotter -mtu n-gram model -code instrumentation -ppcfg -lexicon description -tabular context-free recognition -incremental compilation -rescoring -relation classification -non-application-specific corpus -gesture composition and decomposition -simulation-based language understanding -fuzzy syllogism -tf \* idf -revision-based generation -temporal relations -database management systems -human-human dialog -discriminative classification technique -example-based reasoning -parser improvement -word-by-word basis -lexical polysemy -japanese-japanese ir -finite automata -document rceognition -term distillation -context modeling -class membership -administrative terminology -cross-language information retrieval -automatic rule-learuing procedure -maximal matching -news summarization -hill climber -s-stemmer algorithm -finite state composition -relation extracting -codebook adaptation -web research -coherence resolution -hybrid representation -maximum entropy system -word sense translation -decision-based learning -multimedia document generation -context-dependent information -inference framework -personal name -language wderstanding -shallow text processing -udp packet-loss -rule-based post-processing -bigram acquisition -substring table -auto-assignment function -artificial neural networks -concept validation -maximum-entropy modeling -dialogue decision process -bootstrapping -best-first strategy -computer programming -chinese natural language processing -raw text -binary features -grammar organization -svm-based system -incremental parser -cyber space -story boundary prediction -space grammar -processing time -web spider -sense information -localized processing -level ordering -syntactic testing -refining technique -chinese dependency parsing -acoustic-to-lexical mapping -reference answer -dictionaries -feature ranking and weighting -ambiguous transducer -polynomial time generation -statistical nlp -name-name coreference -semantic feature structure -online travel planning -glossary extraction -sentence alignmelit -manual treebank annotation -phrase-representation -language database interface -supervised metonymy recognition -clir method -information flow -grid representation -tool development -dynamic programming estimation -standard decision tree -grammar training and parsing -lexical cohesion -word-based word-formation -category-learning -auto-tutor -russian-english translation -hierarchical strategy -disjunctive feature -common noun coreference -proposition bank -cross-document coreference analysis -lexical item encoding -obliqueness hierarchy -common name extraction -likelihood estimator -dynamic bayesian networks -suboptimal search -probabihstic tagging -grid computation -synthesizer -activity creation -http post -traditional document retrieval -co-occurrence filtering -dependency-based parse accuracy -speaker attitude -relation determination -presuppositions -web site -strategy learning -spokenlanguage understanding -grammatical form -nlp-based electronic clinical monitoring system -english phrasing -rst computing -bilingual clustering -top-down automatic word-classification algorithm -statistical japanese dependency parser -indexation algorithm and framework -dependency parser -associated event information -modelling -voice recognition -converstional speech -minimal recursion semantics -term variation management -feature structure representation -wordsense discrimination -high-level ontology -Spanish -validation -computational linguist -intonational phrase detection -action representation -issue detection -first order theory -danish translation -feature-value vector -annotated surface structure -explanation generation -argument recognition -noise reduction unit -categorisation -sense disambiguation accuracy -automatic role detection -k-medoid partitioning -structure-learning -network encoding -feature types -natured language processing -semantic markedness -paninian grammar framework -computational phonology -wsj corpus -regular expression development -coordination conjunction -model checking -discourse analysis -entity processing -monological view -discourse information -corpus coverage and quality -companion parsing -repetitive grouping -ranking model -tile translation -coefficient -attribute identification -document vectors -boolean lattice -classifier training -markov window -outermost dependency -herbrand interpretation -constituency-based parsing -caption alignment -automatic segmentation model -ontology look-up -speaker-independent training -thesaurus generation task -iterative language model -parser recovery -multigen summarization system -syntactic coherence -discriminative parsing -arpa atis corpus -semantic role system -lnternet access -rhetorical function -unweighted parsing -uniform-cost search -analysis model -adaptive modeling -twoqevel grammar interpretation -intelligent text processing -topicalized matrix subject -sentence generation model -metonymy resolution -sense disarnbiguation -language quantifier scope -multiset-ccg -speech annotation -dependency-directed hacktracking \ -machine learning algorithms -non-sequential classifier -disjunctive entry -dp matching -term normalization -conversation translation -domain-specific automatic term recognition -chinese question answering -surface word order -lvcsr system training -semantic agreement -interstratal mapping -language proccssing -mapping function -name entity recognition -language pairs -model mixing -intention-based segmentation -linguistic variation -phone recognizer -stochastic gradient optimization -regular expression search -cognitive perspective -intellectual property -stress pattern -head movement constraint -template creation -semantic score function -phone classification -japanese text generation -discourse parameter -bayesian approach -factored modeling -linear-time clustering -propbank -voting mechanism -tex t processing -data preparation -multi-stage lattice parsing -relation identification -compound noun detection -resonant tunneling -term recognition system -noun phrase segmentation -unicode character set -two-level morphology model -wsj development set -automatic semantic class prediction -corpus-based estimation -dictionary-based method -belief system -leave-one-out method -knowledge acquisition process -subjectivity classification -senseval-3 training set -decision-tree learning -lexical head pruning -iso linguistic annotation -word sense tagging -text cohesion -sentence structure -non-em optimization -ne-time tag -scopal resolution -default sense selection -alignment task -verb group description -documentation production -word recurrence -relevancy recognition -noun construction -projective parsing -automatic concept acquisition -list construction -unique hash anagram -decision tree representation -query expansion -name resolution -larnbek calculus -compound disambiguation -generic text summarization -best-first shift-reduce -Markov probability -average retrieval times -unsupervised segmentation -order similarity -automatic discrimination -auxiliary verb system -termdiscovery -seed -njfun -probabilistic spectral mapping -nal position -co-occurrence matching -computer-assisted language learning -modelling approach -linguistic model adaptation -guided search -translator -concept association -tag strategy -location description -syntax -acronym recognition -word counting -english ner -breadth-first search -phonetic similarity model -matrix instantiation -information extraction systems -global feature weighting -language-based information -tiler -frequency distribution -semantic reasoning -island-based parsing -czech national corpus -synonymy resolution -truth maintenance -appointment scheduling -quantifier scoping -inside-outside expectation maximization -mini-computer -paraphrase representation -spanish-to-english translation -name translation -statistical dependency parsing -chinese-english language pair -scheduling process -answer ranking -segment contiguity -significance analysis -inductive learning algorithm -artificial identity -two-stages translation model -blackboard-based parsing -art extraction -inheritance network representation -problem-solving dialogue -head-oriented approach -argument case-slot -dependency lattice -evaluation guideline -rule schema -french-to-english translation -hybrid fsa-guided constraint processing -english alphabet-to-korean alphabet conversion -label propagation -functional programming language -japanese handwriting -semantic query expansion -semantic role labelling -answer pattern acquisition -image-based summarization -string position evaluation -recognition network -speech synthesis literature -noun classification -statistical patxem recognition -term translation extraction -k-fold cross-validation technique -word-based compression -modeling information-seeking -syntax-based machine translation -configurational language -keyword-based information retrieval -information management system -context-based morphological disambiguation -story generation -evaluation measure -document representation and retrieval -grammar model -mixed-initiative dialog -backtransliterator -lmi lisp machine -acquired sense rank -least-errors recognition -sentence-tree pair -low level recognition -chinese corpora -full natural language understanding -content-oriented categorization -unlabeled training set -pronoun interpretation -context free grammar -contextual boundedness -declarative approach -tree-treuis search -linguistic-rule induction -closed-loop learning -left-right centering -attribute sequence -top-down derivation -language teaching -model learning -statistical classification -thesaurus enrichment -subject field coder -ccgbank -bounded search -unit separation distance -term discovery -orthographic mapping -autosegmental theory -learning machine -non-determistic automaton -candidate collocation -tense selection -character -translation training -inference rule -translation pruning -template matcher -greedy symbolic learning algorithm -empty node recovery -part of speech -lexical association procedure -carmel-tools interpretation -descriptor score -ontological structure -text browser -caseframe -word model -term-list translation -speech intention understanding -word sentiment classifier -dom framework -glr parsing -category theory -unannotated text collection -training dataset -model parameter -intra-subject correlation -lifer parser -meanings -query optimization -data representation -symbolics lisp -information-gathering -generation-based optimization -recursive reference resolution -incremental refinement -question answering systems -vp deletion -thread summarization -database interface -selection method -flash memory -morpho-syntactic parsing -representation scheme -apple pie parser -tiger annotation scheme -approximation reranking -crf estimation -classificatio n -manual evaluation -mean distance function -short query retrieval -tree-building -speaker adaptation ( sa ) -condition probability -sextant relation extraction -phonetic association -computational knowledge -finite state -wordsmith tools -corpus-based grammar -pattern learning -semi-supervised classication -subjective evaluation -case retrieval -subjective sentence classifier -modeling coordination -root-node finding -multilevel bootstrapping -msa treebank -unification systern -semi-supervised rating -japanese-english sublanguage-based machine translation -chunk parsing research -human annotation -root-finding -prosodic phrase boundary -tree anchoring -terminology retrieval -phrase weighting -paraphrase recognition -evaluation service -is-a taxonomy -cpa-derived featureset -predictive answer indexer -vocabulary agreement -fsm -lexical specification -nmltilingual generation -language pedagogy -word query translation -zipping compression -temporal anaphora resolution -information possessor -transformation rule application -pmm model -text-organization -flexible dialogue management -telephone interpreting -lexical influence -search problem -on-line word recognition -sentence scoring -information browsing -mbr decoding -subcategorization -word-formatives grammar -domain lexicon -syntax-based translation -concurrent execution -word-context-dependent phone-modelling -dutch verb-particle -japanese book reading -collocation-based filter -web-based indexer -english-japanese transliteration -discourse labeler -boolean model -sense discriminator -paragraph segmentation -salesman problem -pragmatic reasoning -air travel database -idiom detection -tree-based order model -supervised classi cation -cross-document structure -machine processing -microphone array -named entities -legacy-document normalization -xml document -automatic annotation procedure -trigram analysis -compound formation -storybook corpus -plan optimization step -name form and modification -parallel training corpora -ds tree -community metadata -local segment contiguity model -oneto-two channel probability -relationship recognition -automatie hypothesis selection -incremental graph generalization -anaphoric processing -lexical choice -decision ~ tree -bootstrapping cycle -online dictionary -risk minimization classification -creative thinking -top-down language processing -parallel marker-passing -hidden markov models -modelling word-meanings -Synchronous dependency insertion grammars -supervised tagging -linear complexity -supervised learning system -non-linear planning -learning vector quantization -summary browser -depth-first parser -uni cation -bayes estimation -phone-string classifier -word corpus -supertag -chinese homophone disambiguation -document feature -memory storage -transcription editor -keyword retrieval -discourse modeling -scrambling -fragment interpreter -tense resolution -interleaved generation -existontial quantification -unannotated text -english-vietnamese parallel corpus -surface constituent -symbolic architecture machiue -statistical parsing -pitch -limited inference mechanism -pattern engineering -listing -acquisition interface -machine annotation -corpus-based classification -hdag kernel -context extraction -grammar teaching -modifier structure grammar -entailment judgment -longsentence splitting -distributed simulation -phrase-based model -domain plan -language response generation -categorial grammar \ -sentential context -mark-up language -tacitus -interactive discourse -binary rule formalism -Natural Language Processing -romanian-english alignment -dialog management architecture -logic-based machine translation -muc-6 evaluation -human performance -phonological representation -topic statement -metamodel -spoken dialogue performance -knowledge sharing -finite clause -feature elimination -derivation -defensible deduction -object-attribute elaboration -unification-based grammar formalism -question-answering system -topic\/focus information structure -coupled parsing -list algorithm -classifier prediction -one-againstthe-rest classification -constituent combination -general-purpose NLP components -kpca -top-down parsing algorithm -kalman predictor -accurate boundary determination -fragment analysis -advanced question answering -automatic sign detection -word tag disambiguation -sgml stream -string manipulation -static analysis -directory assistance system -gazetteer information -finite-state automata -response strategy -topics -template expansion -automatic threshold selection -knowledge base -alignment error rate -syntactic role determination -automatic thesaurus generation -homograph disambiguation -adequacy desideratum -left-to-right search -kodiak representation -certainty conditions -boas knowledge elicitation -newspaper storey -similarity-driven transfer system ( simtran ) -rating -semantic maping -time sequence scoring -sentence identification -underspecified relation -dice -cause-effect information -client\/server architecture -claim readability -segmentor -binary branching -block analysis -human judge -noun phrase syntax -interface notation -speech recognition errors -maximum likelihood method -informatio n presentation -word-level model -semantic class -case frame instantiation -evidence combination -gaussian mixture approach -semantic representation language -acronym matching -ltag formalism -mt system building -textual genre -crosslingual bootstrapping -web sampling -phrasestructure grammar -phrase recognition and reduction -partial disambiguation -phrase induction -entity recognition module -annotation representation -normal-form derivation -Japanese homophone error -graph-walk -terminology derivation -speech repair correction -corpus-based question-answering system -misclassification cost -log-entropy weighting -class-based selectional preference acquisition -recursive theory -ne discovery -human short term memory capacity -simr bitext mapping -probabilistic model -iterative expectation-maximisation -maximum entropy classifiers -essay score -probability theory -naive bayes approach -linguistic language processing -supervised mode -sense-filtering -automatic verb classification -ontology language -collocational information -gpsg-based generation -xml processing -automated natural language understanding -classifier-based parsing -conceptualization -word-sense disambiguation -structure inference -psychological machinery -temporal subordination -statistical nlg systems -temporal information extraction -ibm models -word similarity measure -selection restriction -forest construction -encapsulation -heuristic word identification -transformation-based parsing -phrase-based translation model -pp attachment disambiguation -length frequency -centroid clustering -mutual information method -feature inconsistency -wordnet -natural hmguage processing -topicalisation -soft science research -syntactic substitution -prepositional modification -grammar analysis -sequential corpus processing -speech -model-based learning -discriminative model -question template builder -moe-mandarin dictionary -automatic alignment -city university corpus -noun case frame -hand-crafted grammar -tap-xl automate analyst ' assistant -deep generation -optinfization -local syntactic similarity -constituent boundary prediction -speech recognition \ -nfl translation -contextual processing -countability learning -opinion determination -frameset tag -line array microphone -idiosyncratic variation -chunk-based statistical machine translation -lexicon design -speech recognition m -speaker activity -mitkovs knowledge-poor pronoun resolution -probabilistic language model -semantic similarity detection -network-based learning -interactive translation -language parsing system -linear time -grid -aspectual classification -multimedia delivery -summary sentence generation -adjective block -server -dynmnic programming -concept identification -human annotators -categorization task -sentence-by-sentence translation -matching -dop estimation -look-up tool -instructional software -accent classification -ridf value -gtamtnar processing -indexicality -correction method -reference translations -approximate maximization -shallow syntactic parsing -principal training -natural language generation system -trigrmn model -constraint grammar -segmentation method -nlp architecture -call classification -cross-validation procedure -construction determinisation -back-o distribution -error detection -phrase\/rule extraction technique -bracketed corpora training -situational information -wordnet-based approach -relevance determination -conceptual clustering -memory-based machine -formalisms -character string generation -verb clustering -recognition precision -nondeterministic parsing -feature-graph unification -scope underspecification -extraction process -bunsetsus -citation -testing data -USR -synonym-based substitution -digital signal processing -context free rule -keyword selection -backoff system -multi-cost expansion -approximation model -structure unification grammar -textual ellipsis -sequence grammar -wsj-trained reranker -lexical coding -text revision support -resource-based criterion -base noun phrase -parallel beam-search -reeursive unification -active clause pattern -topic-probability estimation -factoid question answering -selection statements -Chinese natural language processing -answering corpus -cosine measure -process management -noun group -japanese language -semantic category information -chinese character-to-pinyin mapping -sound planning -anaphora resolution and acquisition -rapid adaptation -graph structure -transformation graph -definiteness marker -local phrase re-ordering -compositionality -panel display -sentence fragment -passage retrieval -language definition -punctuation mark -query ambiguity resolution -n-gram retrieval -relevance tagging -wordnet similarity -tagging tool -case-marker -search tool -interpretation rule -partial correctness -natural language text -discriminative clustering -surface parsing -structural mark-up -renyo form -intonational phrase boundary -multi-document information extraction -computational lexicography -affective classification -xtag grammar -classification tasks -context-based discourse processing -detailed world knowledge -classification techniques -semantic relatedness -linguistic segment -low level extraction -paraphrases -automated knowledge acquisition -smr translation model -parameter adjustment -word-to-word translation model -english non-parallel newspaper corpora -text generation project -dialogue-based system -learning semantic lexicons -atis benchmark -structure analysis -temporal feature modification -genetic algorithms -training process -phoneme-based speech recognizer -restricted dialogue -finite-state machine -paragraph -clique problem -reflexivization -annotation viewer -computing machinery transactions -mapping table -bottom-up chart processing -noun matching -predictive ability -research topic -hmm segmentation -linguistic constraints -markov modelin -automatic feature selection -error detection and categorization -contour type -smt search -term bank -naive bayes classifier -syntactic and pragmatic analysis -black-and-white representation -ai research -question-answer validation pattern -syntactic preference -idiomatic language generation -similarity thesaurus -cochlear processing -word-for-word translation -scene graph -off-line processing -local normalization -predicate-argument model -partial candidate solution -english orthography -sense predication -pattern generalization and scoring -continuous observation hmm -lambek theorem -selective projection -plural detection -linguistic expressions -la structure interface -spanish subword lexicon -p p attachment -target sentence -mechanical translation -korean tagging -feature translation -inter-paragraph structure -information retrieval tasks -finite alphabet -speech translation application -natural language grammar -statistical sense resolution -superarv structure -multi-document analysis -voice-mail message -intentional stance framework -recursive concatenation -document orient preference set ( dops ) -festival text-tospeech system -pseudo-likelihood estimation -speech-like monological multisentential text generation -lazy copying -english syntax -category model -sentence-level syntax -margin-based learning -inner product -temporal information processing -mutation-error hypothesis -z learning -incremental history-based probability model -legacy-document -self-organizing map -sense tagging -linguistic classification -web-based document -best-first search -fast-search recognition -rule discovery -resolution table -attributed-based classifier -is-a hierarchy -recognition module -morpho-syntactic markup -phonemisation -local spelling correction -information visualiser -clef corpus -dialogue participant -general-purpose reasoning -multimodal interaction -pos pattern method -LSA-based , cooccurrence-based and dictionary-based methods -prosodic feature -large-vocabulary recognition -orthographic probability -substring substitution -performance enhancement -hyperlinking -phrase structure trees -hpsgs -recall-based evaluation methodology -1-to-n cardinality -mean normalization -story understanding system -diagnostic system -referential continuity -semantic understanding -word segmentation ambiguity -exemplar-based classifier -automated transducer inference -rule formation -baseline model -grammatical compilation process -multiple variant corpora -pronunciation quality -adaptive speech application -telephone-speech classification -bitterlemons corpus -np extraction -tf\/idf -word longevity -unsupervised induction -language generanon -Canadian Hansard -image classification -speech vector -content-based segmentation -document ranking -prononinalization -object identification problem -alignment technique -bfp algorithm -unlabeled parsing -hyperlink navigation interface -dialogue tag scheme -treebank style -test-knowledge -spoken story summarization -symbolic authoring -np structure -knowledge representation system -n-best training -prolog predicate -emission model -parameter smooth -co-occurrence feature -subjectivity analysis -german word order -temporal referent -surface reference disambiguation -kernels -constraint parsing -nl research -parsing approach -manual pattern construction -switchboard training corpus -typing-algorithm -wordsense disambiguation -fitted parse -temporal relation markup -speech act type -probabilistic classification -node migration -length normalization -dimensionality reduction technique -synonym class indexing -library classification -entropy classification -knowledge-based programming -discourse -non-probability sampling -language-model context condition -line-search method -purpose -generation task -similarity model -automatic word-extraction algorithm -text categorization algorithm -thai ocr error correction -bottom-up processing -english verbs -phonetic similarity -ipdcn -dictionary data -answer pattern extraction -polynomial-time parsing -thematic-role assignment -data-driven decision-tree induction -technology transfer -link-creator -automatic reading -term scoring -low-frequency forms -discipline -ontology database -case information -tile parsing -source-channel model -prepositions -supervise and unsupervised method -variable-length semantic pattern -derivation trees -medline database corpus -kernel function -document clustering and retrieval -attachment site selection -word pair similarity -pattern-based translation -unigram smoothing -argument structure and aspect -4-gram back-off lm -grammar relaxation -language generator architecture -child language development -syntactic learning -vector space interpretation -lexical priming -discourse-aware citation indexer -grammatical features -rapid tool integration -multimodal fusion -group recognition -symbolic differentiation -feature projection technique -sense modeling -inference model -thesaurus generation and pseudo-disambiguation -verb constituent -open-domain question answering capability -approximation algorithm -coherence assessment -senseval-2 noun -wordnet lexicon -proof editor -constraint -compound verb phrase -processing tasks -japanese morphological analysis -corpus error detection -pp-attachment disambiguation -keyword insertion -dutch language -linguistic mechanism -sentence boundary dismnbiguation -view factorization -question translation -identification of paraphrase -word morphologizer -term constituent alignment -one-hot coding -predicate argument -web-based training -text search -web information -subcase analysis -unification-based generation -closed-world authoring -grammatical input -qnestioning-answering -model complexity -word segmentation performance -numerical accuracy -information independence -rule development -domain modeling -analytic mapping solution -predicate calculus notation -english name recognition -resampling -monotonicity requirement -textual representation -parser-acquisition -dependency pattern -recursive stress assignment -stream-based information -tree substitution grammar -server application -priori -aac word prediction -tense formation -context-free classification -rulc compiler -automatic question-answering system -canonical correlation -selectional preferences -iwslt evaluation -grammatical environment -named_entity -broad-coverage translation -sense class determination -dialogue construction -concept-value recognition -discourse combination -semantic chunker -reasoning process -dialogue structure -subjectverb -meta-data -factoring -maximum entropy parameter -greedy agreement -database retrieval -unknown word morpheme -regular polysemy -image-based retrieval -abbreviation identification -linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge -scripting language -english-farsi medical dialogues -chains algorithm -user-defined translation -class indexing -subjectivity recognition -instructional discourse -compression modelling -syntactic\/semantic analysis -real-time document processing -phrase attachment algorithm -calendar management -top-down prediction -comparison module -tdlr grammar evaluation -stochastic context-free grammar \ -noise elimination -message handling -interfacing system -monologue text -testing corpus -memory-based learning algorithm -new word acquisition -parse tree use -multi-word term extraction -binary schema -bayes text classification -type construction -dependency-based representation -discriminative large-margin online learning -constraint-relaxation -linguistic object -sense discovery -fusion classification -preposition attachment -monotonic interpretation -functional control -end-to-end machine translation -tagged text -lexical-head constraint -grapheme-phoneme conversion -mapping algorithm -lexicon extraction -penalty factor -bioscience text normalization -smt lexicon -inductive generalization -planrecognition -text genre classification -cognitive science -graph alignment -name extraction -microphone speech recognition -automatic pattern discovery -forest -mle reestimation -lexical modeling -subject identification -baseline sentence planner -shallow language processing -ellipsis handler -pronominal reference -best-first clustering -semi-automatic tagging -biomedical corpora -estimation method -sentence-boundary disambiguation -learning natural language -surface level -codebook -smt modeling -functional unification lexicon -error chaining -linear plmming -portuguese language -speaker-independent phoneme classification -viterbi inference -editing assistance function -predicate-argument structure annotation -communication strategy -recognition procedure -automated news analysis -bilingual word disambiguation -tagging process -continuousspeech recognition -local context -spatial analysis -bootstrapping process -bayes classifier -long jump distance -lexical acquisition system -multilingual text library -spectral probability distribution -remote microphone -word sense disaznbiguation -network computing -temporal reference resolution -adaboost classifier -segment boundaries -tlisamblguation -optimality theory -lexicon development algorithm -topic-related summarization -rhetorical text planning -asynchronous message passing -approximate word match -map inference -dependency notation -language-model context -cascaded induction process -knowledge represe -projective dependency tree -frequency-based sampling -metonymy recognition -rule set -data storage -interface design -deep sentiment analysis -neighborhood density effect -word-length feature -on-line encyclopedia -domain-dependent text segmentation -word segmentation task -suffix handling -syntax-based translation model -english ne recognition -software program -multiclass learning -node unification -beam size -incremental description refinement -type ambiguity -class-based approximation -language-processing -disambiguation method -synonym finding -prosody transplantation -acoustic attribute -system deployment -word-for-word glossing -likelihood value ~ -topic selection -theme intersection -indicative function -spectral-based clustering technique -learning methodology -baum-welch reestimation -multi-word translation -thematic role assignment -language search engine -utterance classification -information extraction tasks -phrase syntax -keyword-based clustering -quality-monitoringproblem -rule-base chunking -target sentence generator -positive and negative examples -stochastic japanese morphological analysis \ -c-value based term extraction -request -event representation language -parse record -graphs -weighted abduction -tltf term weighting -message planning -learning rate parameter -trigger selection -syntactic functions -inferential processing -european monetary system -questionnaire scoring -paragraph length -korean generation -medical language understanding -term collection -trainable text skimmer -approximation error -accusative preposition -prosodicphrase grouping -expectation maximization algorithm -tile generator -corpus selection -lexical cohesion information -neural-network -large-scale information retrieval -tree overlapping -probabilistic sequence classification -sequence boosting -history representation -srl system -human world knowledge -semantic role tagging -query phrase -word similarity measurement -comparable bitext -phoneme recognition -surface-cue-based resolution -reduction operation -discourse structure analysis -genonlc ttmm -pattern -corpus frequency -ccrs -word alignment performance -sense dismnbiguation -synchronous tree substitution -document categorization -verb description -time series -detection algorithm -orthogonal non-negative matrix factorisation -named entity clustering -topic ambiguity -functional anaphora -sense disambignation -agglomerative vector space -transfer lexicon -la structure -terminological classification -jttpanese dependency analysis -domain-specific cue -head-word -information environment -karta karaka -summarization system -lexical disjunction -automated process -pattern acquisition algorithm -proper noun -example-driven search -relative relation resolution -chunk identification -dialogue acts -regression -query vector -pagerank random-walk -frame induction procedure -probability distribution matrix -prosodic feature normalization -unification process -word categorization -reporting -graph-unification -incomplete parsing -syntax-based statistical machine translation system -word formation -progressive-search -distributivity -generalized ellipsis -sublanguage translation -language type -bigram language modeling -dictionary matching -head-operator detection and discrimination -finite state control -grammar parser -countability prediction -title-driven name recognition -multilingual instructional text generation -pruning tcchnique -linguistic description -resolution theorem -semantic change -P-CFG -select-a-kibitzer -maximal enzyme activity -human involvement -korean-english dialogue machine -features-based learning -lr-like parsing -context-free generation -rulelearning mechanism -database generation -function tagging -domain-specific knowlegde -morpheme sequence -argumentative dialogue -concept-category relation description -regression testing -chinese language model -monetary sense -various information access -text organizer -noun category -rst analysis -monolingual ir system -inheritance hierarchy -concept relaxation -retrieval engine -sense detection -discourse structure theory -automated phonemization -sentence-hood -top-down serial parsing -committee-based sample selection -muc-3 evaluation -automated training mechanism -heuristic clustering -constituent boundary -graph traversal -machine translation test -cross-document coreference algorithm -subcategorization frame recognition -personality classification -statistical sampling -genia-corpus -mobile phone -meaning processing and understanding -story comprehension -monolingual , unannotated text -machinelearning -coding system -rcg -constraint satisfaction and enumeration -semantic compositionality -inflection rule -chinese words -case disambiguation -coherence relation assignment -frame construction -forward chaining -mental lexicon -candidate scoring -constructional interpretation model -segmental k-means algorithm -document element identification -ivebayestextclassification -model growing -abstract generation -muc-7 ne -language morphology -dynamic model -recursive case analysis -heuristic learn -named-entity -chart design -rst tool -block unigram model -protein name extraction -test-score semantics -silence modeling -interactive grammar development -english translations -non-iucremental search -semi-supervised relation extraction -uncertain inference -markup vocabulary -Japanese revision support system -pattern extractor -operative selection -quasi-newton optimization -multi-pass recognition scoring -ner evaluation -stringtransduction-based morphology induction -word alignment accuracy -english dataset -honorific -logfile evaluation -closest-first clustering -bottom-up recognition -metaphorical expresion -bound estimation -mandarin audio indexing \ -automatic named entity tagger -document clustering -sequence kernel -data-driven learning -text frequency -heuristic optimization -verb senses -unsupervised learning -monolingual generation -acronym acquisition -bilingual dictionary -new word learning -isomap -classification problem -non-indexing parser -domain restriction -language resources -contextual information -prosodic classification -english text -markov modeling -discriminative disambiguation -learning model -hypertext authoring -word sense disarnbiguation -two-stage parsing approach -resolving pronominal anaphor -sparse-matrix multiplication -string segmentation -feature identification -text simplification -japanese ne -owl language -target learning -vtw reestimation -memory-based pp attachment -paraphrase selection -entity translation algorithm -lexical content -platform development -rule sampling -large-scale parsing -role annotation -topic classification -minimum constraint propagation -deterministic table-driver parsing -edit region identification -cut-off feature selection -k value -link direction information -modeling speech -term aggregation -database research -viterbi decoder -speech component -polynominal-time parsing -transfer rule -multilingual news summarizer -chart construction -discourse updating -commercial system -linguistic formalism -vector retrieval -unigram mixture model -multilingual information -Japanese -complexity -semantic context -medline search -thematic assignment -alpino treebank -conversation focus detection -speaker clustering -tile gate system -network construction -sequential model -incremental relaxation -completed parse -bottom-up chart parsing -synonyms -synonymy -lexical fixedness -bigram collocation extraction -situated language acquisition -maximum-entropy-based model -dialect identification -fe identification -parallel training corpus -large-vocabulary system -conversational interaction -automatic text generation -blind deeonvolution -technical documentation -linguistic corpus -semantic class disambiguattion -implementing dynamic programs -ltm network -multi-pass rescoring -document fusion -compultational linguistics -similarity extraction -constraint relations -likelihood training -frame determination -disambiguation task -word rebuilding -medical terminology -lfg theory -morphosyntactic ambiguity -sentiment mining -sub-tree counting -lexical regularization -generalized metaphor mappings -extraction system -focus model -machine hanslatiou -dialogue system -confusion matrix algorithm -lexical chaining -paradigmatic information -terminology management -xces annotation -clause identification -speech summarization system -collaborative planning -word pronunciation -vector-based language processing -domain driven disambiguation -entity recognizer -sentence-level syntactic structure -statistical translation model -pruning method -bilingual glossary -discrimination-based learning -parsing-based optimization -speech tagging -adverbial modification -micro averaging -phrase-chunker -relative error reduction -lattice format -model order evaluation -multiperspective question-answering -tim lexicon -computer simulating -factored language modeling -local focus information -type alignment -tree unification -local knowledge -inforrnatlon storage -telecommunications research -word-based alignment -arabic text analysis -finite-state modeling -curry-howard isomorphism -temporal information annotation -tagging model -global parameter optimization -merriam-webster pocket dictionary -word segmentor -turkish syntax -automatic translator -japanese text -belief reasoning -online assessment system -syntactic-semantic argument -mesh smoothing -bigram model training -wsd annotation -volitional motion -summarisation research -lucid common lisp -structual disambiguation -evaluation measures -tei standard -lexico-semantic underspecification -user-system interaction -parameter tracking -textual entailment pattern -cepstral vector -structural feature -mass storage device -structure identification -call optimization -categorization problem -syntactic predicate argument -turntaking -corpus-based generation -lamp test switch -unigram language modeling -pragmatic processing -lexical semantics -degree adjective -semantic infomation -skilled user -constituent coordination -category detection and resolution -probabilistic connection matrix -computational habitability -tile storage -knowledge-based algorithm -lvcsr -stem identification -summarization content units -approach -non-probabilistic evaluation -pronoun interpretation algorithm -statistical parse disambiguation -ie processing -speech recognition component -brown corpus -evaluation cycle -paf kernel -multi-party discourse -training corpus -model parameters -orthographic normalization -event classification -conditional markov model -phrase-based machine translation -dynamic machine translation -part-of-speech tagging -cognate matching -chinese language -spelling corrector -summanzatlon -u ~ 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classifier -character coding -lexical look-up -phoneme -named-entity extraction -background corpus -empirical risk estimation -second language acquisition -root dissection -cross-serial word order -word inflection -stochastic disambiguation -node -program writing -statistical weighting -system evaluation technique -annotation schemes -mapping rules -frame element identification -french\/english language identification -generation scheme -data-acquisition -minimal attachment principle -parser benchmarking -combined training -language structure -access control -combinatorial dictionary -rf modeling -adjective -paninian -name name search -phrase type category -knowledge-based automate acquisition of grammar -phonetic\/orthographic comparison -texl meaning representation -intelligent essay assessor -computer-produced text -tagging system -context-free grammar parser -multi-layer perceptron ann -metaphor understanding -well-nestedness -database query applications -simultaneous clustering 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disambiguation -knowledge source inference -acquisition algorithm -name normalization -common sense reasoning -human-machine dialogue -batch learning -subtype detection -text interpretatio n -complex multi-modal dialogue system -hand-crafted template-based generation component -transformation-based learning -cluster method -tableau calculus -syntactic paraphrase -document matching -superclass declaration -english-japanese dictionary -sentence-level subjectivity classification -independent continuous speech recognition -formal structure -categorization -classification-based generation framework -english-to-chinese transliteration -nonterminal -tree-cut -topological dependency -syntactic structure annotation -English word -dp-based decoding -phrase-structure grammar development -probabilistic new word detection -graph-based generation -classification-based lenrning -korean parser -token error rate -ie system -surface realisation -dictionary disambiguation -array -transmission encoding -subject-predicate agreement -multimodal content-selection -context-independent verification -humor recognition -data-driven query relaxation -search results -collocational proportion -bootstrapping approach -relevance filtering -patent document -phrase-answer ranking -n-gram-based segmentation method -verbalization -ocr system -multi-lingual summarization evaluation -parallel sentence -language understandlng system -locative expression generation -text expansion -semantic representatio ~ -cascaded classifier -one-sentence-one-topic sentence -feature selection process -resourceintensive deep-processing mt -long-distance dependencies -derivational equivalence -source language word -structural transfer phase -generative capacity -semantic tagging -backing-off estimation -answer\/question translation -partial parsin g -english intonation -segmental structure -at&t communicator system -cfg category -topsense algorithm -automatic evaluation metric -topic-detection -story rewriting -statistical co-occurrence analysis -nlp -nlu -trec-style evaluation -first-order model -bilingual lexica -chinese corpus -english analysis -structure generation -invocation -regularization parameter -word extraction technique -discourse marker disambiguation -index representation -feature collection -keywords indexing -feature instantiation -word-rooted expansion -drs formalism -bayes decision rule -difference-list threading -applied computer science -training system -n-gram genotype disambiguation -alignment selection method -lexical tree -text-and-speech -empty category prediction -discriminative parameter estimation -subtopic structuring -word-formation -compositional alignment -multi-level answer resolution -divide-and-conquer approach -large-scale grammar development -word definition -data visualization -run-time performance -grammar optimization -template identifier -signal detection -name spotting -adaptive determination -model acquisition -pinyin coding -newspaper style detection -modeling technique -probabilistic inference process -record keeping -linguistic framework -assumption-based truth-maintenance system -video retrieval or summarization -mwtu recognition -multi-layer perceptron -feature list -quantifier movement -compositional parsing -web browser activity -semantics principle -page classification -wordalignment -similarity-based smoothing -hard feature selection -parse-tree -lexical cross-relations -dynamic preference assignment -hypernym filtering -3-way name discrimination -tipster evaluation -alignment algorithm -abstract machine -graph unification algorithm -stochastic search mechanism -150m word corpus -vlsi design -ace baseline -spontaneous speech recognition -genetic programming -ss unitication -unambiguous syntax -web server -german newspaper text -semantic-grammar parse tree -vowel -wrapper induction -electronic content authoring -edge counting -fisher kernel -query expansion\/modification -synthesiser -english basenp -unsmoothed phonetic bigram model -parser system -space search -ne -jtag selection -noun phrase processing -corpus bootstrapping -question-based dialogue management -sentence-boundary detection -automatic classification -ebmt system -probabilistic context-free grammars -cross-domain language modeling -indexing engine -euphony process -call center -posterior distribution -frame semantics -linear structure -supervised cross-validation -lexicon model -inanimate-cause -two-pass transfer -first order unification -sentence boundary disambiguation -human tutoring corpora -knearest neighbor -knowledge engineering effort -controlled vocabulary -entailment pattern -type hierarchy -lexical aggregation -progol -non-exact selection -individual user -split-and-merge search -phonetic classification -task completion score -feature type -model context -nlp applications -feature structure unification -nt parsing -system testing and debugging -iterative estimation -form-based induction -statistical database 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-kana-kanji translation -grounded parameter -scmantic type -racing -statistical sentence generation -tags -language modelling -isi rewrite decoder -tokenziation -spontaneous speech -xml schemata -ellipsis processing -phrase referent resolution -function word lemmata -hierarchical direct acyclic graph ( hdag ) kernel -message classification -interlinear -text-processing technology -event-based extractive mutli-document summarization -chunk type -translation direction -shallow parse -term variant extraction -prosodic phrase prediction -eigenstructure computation -kana-kanji converter -graph-based clustering -learning system -syntax-based pronoun resolution -picky algorithm -semantic typing -model structure -acoustic segmentation -consistency modeling -chart-parsing -mt-based retrieval -episodic memory -verbal inflection -environment normalization -transcribed input -monte carlo disambiguation -inverted index -structural event detection -linguistic methodology -homography -mst algorithm -word analysis -fragment combining -english composition -analysis method -large-scale text processing -thematic segment -intra-sentence segmentation -ambiguous words -pointwise mutual information -query composing -logical schema -facerecognition -control structure -modality analysis -syntactic collocation -expert system shell -confidence boosting -net deduction -local multisequence alignment -thesaurus updating -semi-supervised bootstrapping -oil-rdfs ontology -chinese tokenization -concepttml sematltics -discretisation -large scale grammar -decision tree base approach -reestimation -muc corpus -machine modeling -style -table extraction -eye movement -record extraction -recognizing textual entailment -variant selection -ner tagging -model-theoretic coreference scoring -tile definition -HDAGs -two-layer indexing -hierarchical structure -transformation learning -anaphora resolution system -unit clause -semantic role classifier -hyponymy extraction -grammar design and development -noninteractional monologue -p p attachment ambiguity -inter-coder agreement -dm identification -metaphorical use -cooperative answering -comparative processing -user interfaces -part-of-speech information -pc-kimmo-v2 system -naive bayes classifiers -german language -part-of-speech trigram -declarative expression -authorship verification and recognition -belief revision -item derivation -semantic generalisation -parse structure -unlabeled instance selection -meta query language -categorial grammar grammar induction -heuristic segmentation -segment identification -learning mechanism -discourse parser -sennheiser close-talking microphone -vector-based clustering -tree bank tags -spelling correction method -subject inversion -list induction -slot labeling -non-terminal symbol -exemplar-based learning -wrapper induction approach -dialogue generation -bracketed corpora -second language teaching -multi-lingual summarization -xml-based generation -rule-based method -multi-agent question answering -human-like dialogue -linear kernel -no-grammar recognizer -protein interaction extraction -task-related plan -treebank corpus -task-oriented language learning -sentence combination -exbert system interface -supervised\/reinforcement learning -okapi algorithm -category cooccurrence restrictions -model pruning -chunk grammar organization -brill tagger -linear regression model -push-down mechanisn ~ -bidirectional grammar generation system -partial-data model -intonational stress -real-word error correction -word data -pool sampling -dialog control -broad-coverage parsing system -pagerank sense disambiguation -hand-coded direct-transfer -semantic description -compounds -sense disambiguation problem -relational query language -thematic vowel -treebank -verb discovery -pos class -relative clause modification -translation target language -chunking model -inflection -attribute-value pair -structure induction -tree-growing -cascaded markov models -lexical sparsity -property inheritance -transfer learning -unit clause analysis -bitext mapping -logical analysis -french inflection -table-driver parsing -sequential storage -constraint interaction -text abridging -effective communication -parse filtering -dependency unification grammar -scalable text summarization -track data set -concept-to-speech -standard data-driven decision-tree induction algorithm -data selection -bandpass-filtered telephone speech -office automation -legal summarisation -multi-linguism -abbreviations recognition -entity assemblance algorithm -text access \ -back-off estimation -latin alphabet -knowledge-based generation system -multi-class classification problem -context -conversational speech -comlex-lfg mapping -n-pron resolution -member selection -snippet retrieval -science literature -co-occurrence principle -binary relations -spurious ambiguity -chart entry -tge -spoken dialogue -informationseeking query -discourse model -american national corpus -java -atomic feature selection -tile representation -computational linguistics annotation -nite automaton -detection time -disambiguating word -recognition grammar -multivalued feature -discourse annotation tool -word-error correction -feature matching -recogniton -training resource -grammatical marker -iterative expectation-maximization approach -grammatical role -orthography -frequency analysis -conceptual processing -ranking rule -chaos parsing -beam search -knowledge filter module -language underslanding -boundary identification -language knowledge -grammar \ -virtual learning -grammatical inference -viterbi algorithm \ -vp formation -language decoder -inference algorithm -f-description solution -semantic collocations -incremental process -automated thesaurus discovery -non-transitive differentiation -domain knowledge acquisition -morphological features -interactive communication -language recogniser -competitive grouping -data exchange -dialogue summarization -word sentiment classification -rewrite system -functionalprogram -syntactic function assignment -subcategorization frame extraction -regular expressions -maximum-likelihood -dependency parse -paraphrase corpus -subcategorisation frame -arabic treebank -snap natural language processing -data extraction -dependent vocabulary -semantic distance -description unification -text classication -self-supervised learning -syntactic ambiguity -lexical head -answer selection -speech generation and comprehension -tfs representation -context unification -text analysis or generation -prolog unification -constraint handling -multi-level parsing -automatic ewluation -metarule application -voice technology -distance function -model size -dialog -noise filtering -mnemonic text -selectional constraints -abnormaliteiten -adjacency relationship -large-vocabulary speech recognition -lvc classification -parsing interface -memory-based learning method -context window -output-distribution adaptation -rhetorical action -trigram language model -conceptual graphs -pen-based interaction -spoken language research -biological sequence -query generation -base phrase identification -pronoun production -semitic languages -subjectivity summarization -cognitive dissonance -statistical significance -back propagation -rule activation -spomaneous dictation -parse tree kernel -tree pruning -susanne corpus -compound nominal -phonological research -system development -singular-value decomposition -association measure -translation engine -bracketed corpus -vp ellipsis -cut-off criterion -automattc summanzauon -deductive reasoning -dictionary automata -verb frame -end-user -time recognition -pronunciation extraction -retrieval model -modular parsing -augmented rgraph construction -redundancy evaluation -automatic speech synthesis -silnulated annealing -shallow chunk -syntactico-semantic analysis -entailment computation -qc system -ontological generalization -event information -cky-like chart parsing -topic classifier -optimalization -utterance intention inference -grammar adaptation -childes database -coherence scoring -name analysis -topic boundary recognition -rounds-manaster-ramer calculus -x-bar theory -question-answer ing -temporal anchoring -subtopic boundary -pos information -web documents -japanese language processing -untensed representation -pronunciation scoring -lhe problem learning -pdt construction -open source license -shortest-distance -knowledge induction -incremental approach -english-to-asl mt -iterative learning -feedback engine -translation score -binary segmentation -retrieval technology -pglr-based syntactic analysis -cross-lingual information retrieval -image understanding -forward-predictive forward function composition rule -technical terminology -cross-validation experiment -japanese compound noun -event representation and resolution -structuralist -parsing algorithm \ -run-time optimization -sharedplan -lazy incremental copy graph unification -video summarization -vowel articulation -montague semantics -temporal expression -speech research -discovery learning -lexical meaning -syntactic constructions -real-time search -conectionist network -unsupervised probabilistic answer type model -tribayes -gibbs sampling -syntax-to-syntax transfer -pseudo-rule -user model -supervised rule induction -data-oriented processing -morphological change -frequency score -suffix morpheme -xml-application -tile chunking -portioning -vp rule-pattern -data-processing -collocation pattern -linguistic pattern -document summarisation -human gene name -determiner-np agreement -phrase structure parser -language modeling approach -random guess -heuristic parse model ( hpm ) -template relation -obstacle detection -sentence ordering -syntactic knowledge -semantic synonym -syntactic categorization -user satisfaction -rule-based sentence planner -similarity scoring -discourse topic -selectional restriction acquisition -human transliterator -errorreduction learning -relevance ranking -coordination analysis and disambiguation -lenrning -webgenre tagging -linguistics-based pruning -transformational grammar -semantic translation -computerresponse selection algorithm -proposecut -boyer-moore search -polarity filtering -temporal processing -kuhn-munkres -distributional classification -ontosem text processing -vocabulary learning -user satisfaction model -memory-based classifier -domain recognizer -out-of-vocabulary rate -multiclass perceptron -restrictive premodification -name discrimination -adaptive learning -automatic term acquisition -data-extraction -ontological relation extraction -semantic type checking -noun groups -inductive logic -rule expansion -parse tree selection -mit fast parser -finite state formalism -model-based adaptation -word processor -automatic word spacing -parse tree -rule invocation -tokenization implementation -document classification and retrieval -cxalnple-based disambiguation -cue occurrence and placement -word-alignment task -definite reference resolution -syntactic evidence -computer architecture and system -recording environment -noun indexing -translation candidate -recursive algorithm -s6gmentation -language analysis -logical representation -first-order class grammar -training corpora -subword clustering -computational overhead -multilinguality -tree-adjoining grammar \ -tile attribute -feedback behavior -bottom-up analysis -lenguage processing -average silhouette value -constituent alignment -head transduction -source selection -waveform coding -chinese text indexing -non-deterministic parsing choices -trigram model -semantic language model -probabilistic output -languagc undcrstanding -unification grammar framework -glossary item -tree indexing -termclustering -ssm training -automated text generation -individual marker -korean language engineering -path building -large-vocabulary speech -syntactic composition -lemma -classification error -target text -context-based translation -failure of reference -trigram tagger -personal learning -repair correction -phrase-representation summarization -histogram comparison -cl\/nlp -example-based machine translation null -linguistic work -dialogue move tree -web-based answer -queries -morphological analysis nlodel -classifier-based deterministic dependency parsing -document categorization \ -simulated annealing -binding algorithm -syntactic equality -greedy pruning -dla -ccg parser -combined selection -phrase acquisition -language question-answering system -speech repairs -biomedical annotation -idf matching -term weighting scheme -query tree -bottom-up active chart parsing -sub-language -functional dependency parser -undirected graph -thresholded marker-passing -descriptor selection -transformation-based tagging -linguistic data consortium -intonation modeling -entry comparison -arabic ir -lr parsing strategy -hindi -domain relevancy -concept discovery -adverb placement -unsupervised sentence extraction -german text processing -similarity extension -unknown word identification -parse reranking -augment case marker system -incremental language generation -data-oriented parsing -template element -lulowledge engineering -parsed corpus -sequence processing -semantic idiosyncrasy -patent map -knowledge acquisition -translation test set -polynomial time approximation -constrainl propagation -chunk parsing -parameter-crucial learning -man-machine interaction -information theory -transformational theory -english parse tree -disambiguation model -vowel restoration -interlingua -lexical agreement -information extraction processing -style analysis -frame alignment -multiple marker occurrence -frameset tagging -normative model -two-stage recognition -head word -heuristic parsing model -term-based ir -narrow classification -system response accuracy -distribution modeling -bayes risk decoding -adjunct attachment -dependency information -inference-based parsing -inheritance principle -reverse translation model -forward-backward training -qlf contextual resolution component -subject\/verb agreement -speech summarisation system -extrasentential meaning -english telephone speech -semantic feature -information security -markov model theory -language portability -interactive search process -hypertext mark-up language -fragmentary syntax -tone realization -temporal specification -adaptive text extraction -parametertuning method -progressive training -acoustic model training -subject-to-subject raising -relation tagging -speaker-normalization -robertson\/spark jones weight -prepositional phrase -backchannel feedback -recall-precision graph -language generator module -wsj treebank -tile archilecture -parser design and implementation -interlingua-based translation -multimodal calendar management -visuolinguistic ezplanation planning -distribution clustering -maximumlikelihood -anaphora resolution mechanism -english word pronunciation -wh-question -event description -dependency analyzer -perceptron learning -world ontology -knowledge-representation -word tokenization -interactive web search -threshold pruning -radial basis function -sentence-by-sentence basis -grammar testing and debugging -pseudorandom number generator -recognition engine -optimal integer programming -entropy regularization -spoken dialogue design -verbal position -cross-linguality -nl processing -parsing strategy \ -extensional equivalence -word deletion -linguistics framework -parsing evaluation -semantic equivalence relation -date detection -decision tree classifier -unmasking procedure -phone string classification -entailment probability estimation -predicate-argument -regression line adjustment -distributed speech processing -entropy-based machine translation -syntactic construction -state-specific language model -asr transcription -analogical modeling -il-based approach -verb subcategorization -frequency estimator -clir test collection -dialog systems -title summarization -inflectional morphology component -phrasal model -edge deletion -sentence fusion -subgrammar -annotation transfer procedure -extraction template -disjunction-processing -word sense division -ordinal regression problem -bayesian decision theory -simplex classification -type collection index -natural language understanding -supervised probabilistic pronoun resolution -phonetic representation -training method -namcd entity -classification research -sentence generation -broadcast information service -uniform probability -tagger model -diagnostic tool -discourse connectivity -labial transition -dictionary generation -statistical machine translation system -classification scheme -dynamic-programming parsing -sentence boundary -source-language -error estimation -category compatibility -long sentence segmentation -document storage -aligned document -functional unification grammar -class-based grammar -intrinsic evaluation -multi-system integration -n-gram selection -name entity recognizer -classification -attribute relation graph -bayesian logistic regression -information retrieval system -statistical organization model -feature map model -conversation-focus detection -textual information -nilc corpus -word transfer -error correction software -sources of information -rdf-schema -annotation approach -lnorphology analysis -letter-to-phone conversion -local learning -automatic chinese language processing -closing utterance -concepts -natural-language processing -chinese nouns -trainable approach -tree growing -story segmentation -context similarity -celex database -variable-length semantic pattern induction -open-domain question answering -feature construction and selection -paraphrase probability -disambiguation tool -personal pronoun resolution -feedback cleaning -equivalence testing -human speech perception -two-stage classification -beam search pruning -grammar hypothesis -knowledge transportation -agenda-based scheduling parser -head feature convention -feedback -entity disambiguation and clustering -name length -svm computation -caseframe parsing -anaphora structure -semantic authoring -lexical rules -atis0 test set -tense inflection -zoning -em-based word alignment -natural language learning -log-linear estimation -interactive natural language access -tree-transducer -expert-system knowledge acqtfisition -error metric -retrieving multimedia -constituent analysis -modular pattern acquisition -cutoff pruning -biology entity -nl consultation system -accent placement -index-based training -role-determining process -atn -flame-synchronous beam search -symbol manipulation -packing method -sentence chunking and parsing -scatter\/gather document clustering -hierarchical knowledge -engllsh-japanese machine translation -nominal coreference -summarization process -answer validation -hypothesis formation -user habitability -exhaustive coindexation -random walk -phrasal integration -morpho-syntactic structure -parsing re-ranking -syntactic generation -subcorpus -question categorization -controlled experimentation -singular common noun phrase -computer-assisted translation -binary branching trees -alignment information -personalisation -georelevance -text similarity -kneser-ney smoothing -corpus-based induetion -gradient optimization -rm corpus -region finding -tipster architecture -dialogue system development -semantic-head-driven generator -semi-supervised classification -acoustic noise -categorial treatment -statistical surface generation -single-pass clustering -automatic keyword extraction -verb phrase fronting -genonlc hmm -multi-stack decoding -acoustic recording environment -french sentence -sequence training -probabilistic reasoning -content selection and generation -nooj grammar development -single-sentence realization -shortest-path -cross-validation method -system-user interaction -corpus querying -visual logic -sister-head relationship -transportable understanding mechanism -qa framework -system repsonse -token recombination -English sentence -spoken dialogue system -image categorization -chinese constituency parsing -ie-based question analysis -compound bracketing -many-to-one relationship -syntactic projection -modification pattern -language data -non-peripheral extraction -collocation network -subtree search -skip-and-fit recovery -incremental generation -topology -slot filler detection -exical cohesion -question analysis -summarization evaluation -grammar format -genre-specific reference resolution -rule schemata -maximum likelihood estimate -special-effects generator -maximum a posteriori estimation -technical vocabulary -parse-based evaluation -disambiguation algorithm -domain entity -syntactic phrase -screen anaphora resolution -comparative summarization evaluation -translation lexicon -tagging-system -hand-tagged corpora -parameter settings -vector-space engine -bilingual tree alignment -input -japanese natural language processing -heuristic estimation -linguistic tools -unsupervised relation disambiguation -monte carlo analysis -wordaligned corpus -seed selection -letter-to-phoneme conversion -finite-state morphology -attentional mechanism -summary sentence identification -segment-based information -independence metropolis-hastings -semi-supervised algorithm -syntactic parse -computational linguistics teaching -frame disambiguation -relational programming -functional grammar unification -fast matching -dialogue state identifier -automated language analysis -dico database -penn tag set -uncertainty-based strategy -text-based dialogue -gb parsing -language learning and processing -antonymy information -semantic parallelism -open domain -similarity judgment -circus system -japanese grapheme-phoneme alignment -real-time dialogue understanding -reductionistic parsing -dialogues -goal recognition -tokenisation routine -tile structure -dynamic programming recognition -synchronisation -semantic value -form-based resolution -dialogue datum -isolatedword recognition -concept tagging -distributional clustering -correspondence-guided parsing -decision-tree generation -rule compiler -visual input -dynamic optimization -noun hierarchy -backpropagation learning -n-gram error detection -hypergraph parsing -named entity disambiguation -speaker-independent test set -pitch height and range -non-parametric switching technique -classification hierarchy -cross-corpus application -word vector similarity -upenn chinese treebank -ambiguity-management -pronoun resolution algorithm -loss approximation -cross-linguistic knowledge induction -grammar maintenance and revision -verb sense -document retrieval engine -tree insertion grammar -Korean -cross-speaker model -chunghwa corpus -linguistic discourse model -text classification task -wordcompletion system -fragment combination -fully-automatic pronoun resolution -optimization algorithm -parsing mechanism -wordnet hierarchy -pagerank -hyponym discovery -bigram collocation -word sense dismnbiguation -feature structure manipulation -syntactic filter -optimisation algorithm -tobi annotation scheme -single-document summarization -tagging performance -id3 decision tree -javox -modeling vowel duration -metaphor processing -semantic-head-driven generation \ -word stem -word sense disambignation -chinese parsing -grammar formalism -messsage extraction -apsg parsing -error-driven transformation-based learning -parameter-estimation -planning-based architecture -np saturation -paradigmatic morphology -path search -german morphology -lexical frequency -computational terminology -automated hotel reservation -prosodic nmrking -ppm model testing -natural-language prccesslng device -alignment template -web query -words classi cation -ordered list -telegraphic text -slot grammars -text-image editing and reproduction -all-word language model -paraphrase matching -cluster coordination -paragraph marlter -greedy stepwise search -ne tagger -chinese parser -world-knowledge -model reduction -attenuated delta vector -virtual disk -asymmetric textual entailment recognition -local coherence -decision tree algorithm -tractable recognition -analogical modelling -stem weighting -how-to guide -knowledge creation -source channel model -elsnet resource -restaurant retrieval -agreement -conversational implicature -text-based tutoring system -case linking -tree transformation\/detransformation methodology -spoken language translator -viterbistyle beam search -vector expansion -concept selection -english-chinese translation -style checking -dag-construction -leave-one-out cross-validation -annotation experiment -distributional class -generalization tree -c\/nc-value method -nasalization -stochastic region contraction -likelihood ratio -english phone string -answer candidate -dcg induction -data processing -linguistic mapping -tutoring system -dialogue component -focus tracking \/ -word link extension -translation pair -transcription error -training anaphoricity -recursive wrapper -typicality -multi-strategy parsing -search algorithm -pattern ambiguity -ripper rule induction -relative clause -demonstrative expression -proof scoring -document browsing and access -discourse plan -ne recognizer -essay scoring -political science -topic continuity -humour-generation -stress -conceptual representation -spatter parsing -document information retrieval -correct-prefix property parsing -character indexing -search tree -hmm state feature -k-nearest neighbor classifier -texttiling -learn algorithm -alignment-scoring technique -connectionist parser -character generation -synchronous tag -deep thought project -large-scale grammars -affix list -weighting scheme -feature reliability -language acquisition -jsing cross-validation -answer marking -boundary ambiguity -automatic programming -communication language -node deletion -trauslation -abstract anaphora -logical reasoning -synonym dictionary -word identification and lexicalization -tag model -minimally-supervised learning -computer hardware -symmetric learning -disjunctive unification -word construction -opinionated language -information manipulation -training -game detection -machine readable dictionary -situation theory -information search -clause -accuracy rate -argumentative categorizer -information retrieval and summarization -tree method -automatic stochastictransducer induction -matching process -np planning -structures -tlink extraction -salaam tagging -phrase boundary prediction -summarization redundancy evaluation -speaking style -radical indexing -reference planning and aggregation -lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar -selective pruning -pos tagger -association procedure -nominal interpretation -co-occurrence counting -phonetic mapping model -orange evaluation -propositional logic -shortest-path finding -graph connectivity -verb argument -scored dependency graph -multilingual corpus -logical metonymy -czech morphology -automatic humor recognition -process model -textual entailment system -practical dialogue -document annotation -viterbi parse -meaning-based similarity -linear program -sf identification -twig knowledge-acquisition system -latent semantic -slot -non-formalized case frame -categorisation ability -cd representation -test material -semantic annotation -vector-based classification -mobile , intelligent agent -speaker-independent continuous speech recognition task -syntactic features -pitman-yor language model -scientific text -target vocabulary -chi-squared value -mobile robot -relevance theory -acoustics-based caller id -sentence formation -lexical categories -e-mail system -online perceptron -polynomial approximation -noise reduction -system debugging -car navigation -annotate datum -dp-match driven transducer -second order context -structural recognition -top-down filtering -n-best re-ranking -dynanfic lambda calculus -sentence level evaluation -string comparison -evaluation framework -domain-specific noun -parameter-free smoothing -grammar framework -adaptive text compression -natural conversation -nlpr-ti corpus -voice quality estimation -comparative anaphora -re-estimation smoothing -mass-market deployment -ungrammatical input -deleted-estimation interpolation -linguistic intention -bidirectional parsing -tag context -lterative clustering -name-variation generation -large constituent inhibition -exceptional case marking -levenshtein edit-distance -textual similarity -category acquisition -meeting summarization -class labeling -btec corpus -relation path alignment -word n-gram model -lcs-marine -heuristic initial word identification -controlled language -constituency information -stepwise search -negative relevance feedback -semantic compatibility -sql query refinement -discourse construction -graph-based centrality -morpho-syntactic parser -sense classification -backoff smoothing -hri dialog management -tree adjoining grammar -chinese unknown word identification -surveillance -phonemic utterance -italian-english speech translation -human machine interface -thematic system -pronominal interpretation -inverted indexing -noun-phrase chunker -text-based classification -system development and tuning -error-driven training -voice dialing and messaging -temporal references -information access dialogue -local grammar formalism -automated article generation -dependency structure analysis -nger parsing -word alignments -turn duration -punctuation information -morphological knowledge -structure building -focusrelevant prosody -perceptron algorithm -earth observation systems -complete parse -transfer event -term distribution modelling -automatic checking -database query translator -terminology phrase extraction -non-pronoun resolution -parallel computer -chinese grammar induction -contextual spelling -likelihood estimate -phonological rules -data compression -lattice pruning and parsing -gtadual approximation -parsing accuracy -pipelining -logic-based parser-acquisition -nl understanding -subject-verb number agreement -co-occurrence algorithm -dictionary-based word segmentation -perceptron-like splitting -constraint propagation -sentence prediction -preclassified training corpus -kana-kanji translation system -japanese compound -inultidilnensional parsing -trigram-based classification -morphological processing -10-fold validation procedure -predicate focus -synonymous word extraction -preposition interpretation -automatic thesaurus construction -spoken dialogue systems -case-analysis module -training cor pus -noise removal -lfg f-structure -semiring -word memorization -language understanding process -tagset -hmm-based continuous speech recognition -ftp server -technologies -specialised interpreter -domain scoring -block reordering -annealing search -bottom-up parse -eigenvector -transfer module -word recognition -disanabiguation -word sense model -adjective classification -spoken natural language -graph-based optimization -documentstructuring -confusion probability -dynamic language model combination -table searching -distributed agent -supervised majority classifier -lazy expansion -energy posture shift -dominance graph -hierarchical phrase analysis -natural language production -flat-based classification -user-needs analysis -english writing -natural language query -linguistically sophisticated representation -matrix inversion -binary split -semantic verb classification -lexical-cohesion -film summary -phrase level classification -maximum likelihood estimation -language model ( lms ) -character-based bitext mapping -spoken document retrieval -cooccurrence statistics -class-dependent interpolation -nontermination problem -unigram -verb hierarchy -identiflcation -headed clustering -phrase construction system -tree node -atn recognition -phonotactic grammar -configuration management -epistemological status -company name parser -giati technique -english query -noun compound bracketing -collocational expression -pos distribution -typed unification -method -syntactic parallelism -summary decomposition -rule-based and example base machine translation module -syllabic writing -requestors -icophone vi -grammar compaction -language-independent lookup code -expression approach -iterative scaling -spatio-temporal event\/situation structure -d-patr -automatic information extraction -knowledge unit -structural isomorphy -scf distribution -lexical word -cosine distance measure -learning corpora -uailication -many-to-many word alignment -ds translation -automatic sign translation -partial parser -partial parses -subtree discovery -generic dialogue functionality -class identifier -interactive question-answering ( q ) system -formal morphology -lr table generation -italian grammar -Russian -cp generation -in-degree -typed feature -rough-grained disambiguation -temporal inference -alignment extraction -writing system -phrase membership -system response generation -multimodal command -grammar acquisition -kernel calculation -onstraint propagation -multi-modal error -tutorial dialogue -context generalization -sentence classification -ambiguous sentence interpretation -theoretical computer science -grammar testing -light-tk software -sgml parser -microsoft word97 thesaurus -parsing-based method -verbmobil corpus -cky algorithm -application program interfaces -speech translation system -lexical functional grammar -glass-box -syntactic model -broadcasting -linguistic interface -minimum distance parsing -tree search -dependency forest model -statistical spelling correction -human gene identification -dependency recovery -discourse planner -multilayer perceptrou network -examining summarization -intonational analysis -unbounded process -mixture modeling -discourse units -world model -phonological constituent -dynamic programming alignment -noisy-channel model -speech repair identification -saliency map -summary selection -hierarchy generation -hierarchical disambiguation -labeling -selection accuracy -mistake-driven learning -phonemic utterance specification -relation analysis process -string alignment -k-score -partialparsing -text generation and understanding -unified lexicon -automatic natural language understanding -nn algorithm -structure creation -phrase-structure grammar -normalized word duration -multext-east project -mention detection task -argument structure -WSD models -wisconsin corpus -cross-document information fusion -computer communications -natural-language -knowledge processing -thai language -entropy-based learning -multi-sentence text -bio coding -example-retrieval ( er ) -query-translation -speech decoding -alternation detection -syllables -sense ambiguity -subject position -relations extraction -phonetic similarity algorithms -vp-ellipsis resolution -adjective attachment -contents-oriented retrieval -post disambiguation analysis -electronic essay rater -game theory -incremental optimization -catalog retrieval system -pronunciation tool -subjectivity scoring -semi-supervised training -itg biparsing -genonic hmm technology -object-oriented parsing -class name -factorial hmm -stochastic parsing -russian dictionary -language processing task -anaphoric resolution -syntactic score evaluation -anaphoric type identification -phoneme sequence -black-box evaluation -proper noun category -speaker normalization -local trees -spatial meaning -crf training -parameter selecting -lattice computation -language understanding problem -task-oriented dialog -dynamic-events memory -test collection construction -maximum-likelihood procedure -linguistically-oriented text processing -sign expansion -feature set -plan-based model -approximate subcategorization scheme -pof mapping -frame knowledge -presentor focus -voted perceptron algorithm -modular bootstrapping -weighted difference method -sentence interpretation and generation -parallel text alignment -laplace smoothing -miscommunications -grammar-specific documentation -part-of-speech trigram model -multi-domain dialogue system -on-line parsing algorithm -genelex -paraphrase thesaurus induction -cross-language information projection -serial parsing -modeling toolkit -word sequences -language understandhlg -lattice search -utterance feature -multilingual similarity detection -ontology extraction -training algorithm -lexicon extension -precision measure -text-independent speaker identification -linguistic competence -debris parsing -twolevel morphology tool -interface -table lookup -phrase detection -natural language expression -syntactic phrase parsing -cognitive modeling -self-extending phrasal lexicon -constituent-building -unification-based grammar parse -chart re-estimation -coreference expression -primitive decomposition -cognitive\/psychological effect -computer animation -sentence generator -translation rule -guided-search alignment -regular expression pattern -clitic placement -screen armphora resolution -data base generator -lexicon induction -time warping -automatic subjectivity analysis -multimodal interface -entity recognition component -corpora translation -phone banking -imperfect string recognition -dependency recognition -pointer slot -optimization -nonmonotonic unification -linguistic meaning -relation discovery -word alignement technique -head-driven generation approach -inductive rule learning -id3 learning -single classifier -integer programming -multimodal drawing tool -latent-class clustering -hybrid parsing -chinese morphology analysis -annotation analysis -feature bagging -nl plan inference -alignment evaluation -common ground -sri decipher speech recognition -cooperative strategy -agglutinating language -adnominal ending -uncertain inference framework -vector creation -strand classifier -garden path -discriminative training -boundary placement -semantic network -ccg annotation -state tying -message aggregation -electronic dictionary construction system -context-dependent method -parse algorithm -typographical error correction -satisfiable assignment -clause restructuring -content evaluation -cache-based language model -maximum approximation -descriptive discourse -heuristic method -limited-dommn multilingum applications -concept lattice -sequential analysis -subordinate clause -witten-bell smoothing -pos extraction -distribution matching -grapheme-to-phoneme conversion -language corpus -discriminative framework -unknown word feature -foot feature principle -probabilistic approach -query refmement -dictionary\/ontology alignment -supervised learning algorithm -string-based evaluation -sequential learning -smt system -binary term weighting -selective sampling -paraphrase learning -web-based translation -likelihood identification -iterative search -full coreference resolution -passive subject -metric learning -informative sample selection -parsing strategies -repair -english\/spanish test corpus -topological structure -node filtering -maximum likelihood reestimation -tree-bank grammar -soft similarity measure -verb acquisition -data-driven tagging -subgraph -decidable satisfiability -noisy channel model -segment-based language identification -contextual ltering -deductive closure -single encoding -automatic spelling correction -dependency theory -landmark selection -latent-semantic analysis -segment size distribution -semantic expressiveness -skimming -chinese language corpus -meaning-oriented analysis -ksi prolog -kana-kanji conversion -speaker change -sense acquisition -mic modelling -lazy parsing -discriminative reranking -textrank keyword extraction -mathematical notation -hard constraint -rose repair -chinese-english word alignment -score combination -combination method -moderate scale corpora -temporal signature -lexical decomposition -human-ranked sentence plan -oracle -system-knows-baseline -classific ation -sentence-detection mechanism -keyword spotting -memory-based parsing -spatial cohesion -reparameterization -parser switching -locational information -model-theoretic scoring -chunking tree -matrix multiplication -prenominal negation -verb inversion rule -abduction -deterministic tree-building -query refinement -thesanrus look-up -constituent identification -phonological description -hmm technology -corpus-based approach -content-based search -5-fold cross validation -compiler theory -bayesian word segmentation -error propagation network -morpheme-balanced training corpus -multilingual document retrieval -morphological database -optimal pruning -machinetranslation -computer use -shortcut search -sgml transducer -alignment accuracy -natural language user -manmachine interaction -human language knowledge -tree matching -hamming distance -head noun -propagation network -tmrec test collection -coreferential relation -estimation-maximization training -heuristic interpolation -word-classification system -elementary textual unit boundary -phonetic speech retrieval -japanese word processing -opinion -co-training -lexical collocation -probabilistic models -automatic supertagging -column constraint -mt engine -text encoding -summarization quality -speech communication -structural underspecification -conversational speech corpus -eojeol corpus -speech translation task -spelling language model -portability -bio-security -machine translation module -applied natural language -japanese text categorization -generative model -segment boundary -task-oriented corpora -distributed computation -efficient parsing -prototype implementation -irregular meaning -spoken discourse -general-to-specific feature selection -word class distance -word-class information -multidocument news summarization -string processing -rule interpreter -spectral cluster base approach -answer projection -out-degree -polynomial time -negation -uncertainty sampling -web ontology language -backing-off distribution -chain length -navigational assistance -clause boundary determination -meaning representation language -dynamic language modeling -topic identification and slot-filling -speech recognition system -ne alignment -pragmatic component -governor algorithm -key stroke -explicit confirmation -eigen decomposition -language parsing process -event map -a spoken dialog -search technique -function words -background information -document coherence -dictionary entry parser -discourse marking -ordinal regression -chat-80 -pass generator -linguistic concept -application-oriented text generation -acoustic normalization -sense discrimination and attachment -supervise learn -column recognition -light-stemming algorithm -ie problem -string similarity evaluation -metaconversation -direct anaphora resolution -naive bayes inducer -nonterminal category -data type -japanese mt -expert\/domain novice -computer-mediated education -phrasal parsing -programming method -syntactic transfer -translation-related knowledge -lexical class -spoken dialog system -unification-based parsing -unigram language model -link analysis -language acquisition and learnability -syntactic role system -interactive clarilication -supervised training -database access query -text editor -finite verb -system evaluation and analysis -sequential classification -translation aid -term frequency equation -cfg phrase structure -dialogue system evaluation -tile parsing ambiguity -verbal information -topic choice -manual thematic role assignment -semantic verification -syntactical structure -classifier combination accuracy -morpheme boundary -swedish grammar -phrase break prediction -five-fold cross validation -class-based model -language comprehension -maximum-entropy markov models -link detection -srilm smoothing -syntax-based propagation -paragraph level retrieval -device -transliteration -stress annotation -break detection -case-frame information -two-step talker-location -lexicon word segmentation -parallel parsing -largevocabulary speech recognition -pause -person name recognition -word-extraction algorithm -text correction -speech recognition technique -resource translation -training datum -english-to-japanese treelet smt -grammar extraction and parsing -information retrieval task -context-free parsing algorithm -express-doubt discourse -content analysis -planning system -scene fade-to-black detection -glass-box evaluation -asr system -unannotated corpora -word-based translation model -group-average unsupervised agglomerative clustering process -balance match operation -dialog act processing -expectation-maximization approach -information ordering -list lookup -verbal argument structure -distance clustering -data-collection -source identification -knowledge-rich abstraction -spectral graph transducer -node raising -tree reconstruction -structured syntactic knowledge -ambiguity reduction -collection index -protein entity classification -underspecified semantic representation ( USR ) -part-of-speech tagging \ -pigeonhole principle -candidate selection phase -brevity penalty -suffix derivation -datalog -top-down splitting -n-ary classification induction -likelihood reestimation technique -gr calculation -goal identification -question classifier -reflexive and transitive closure -spontanous speech -average inter-coder reliability -word tag -msl completion -character formation -re-uni cation -language processing applications -conditional random field -tense\/aspect structure -continuous speech recognizer -europarl corpora -modeling granularity -weighted sum -mathematical formalism -mathematical model -imbalanced data set -human expert knowledge -sense pruning -score normalization -unknown word model -phrase analysis -phrase coreference -spoken email -circus parser -classification component -lexical preferencing -semantic template -weighted transducer -abstract reasoning -word-recognition -group average clustering -document structuring -lattice -text extraction technology -literature-mining -french-english training set -computer generation -word-by-word translation -relative evaluation method -constraint grammar framework -data complexity -statistical retrieval -head-driven lattice parsing -compound extracting -decision tree design -decoding\/translation -system response -natural-language discourse -left-most derivation -cluster algorithm -aligner to segment -vector dimensionality reduction -similarity-based language modeling -symbol -compound words -case analyzer -semantic features -viterbi search -navigation\/information retrieval -linguistic behavior -sense disambiguation research -speaker-independent ( si ) training -ltag derivation tree -morphological analvsis -statistical categorization -concession -asr technology -document collection -translation speed and quality -inside-outside reestimation -collaborative similarity calculation -surface processing -boundary determination -news transcription -pagerank + lesk -standardized stochastic language model -spatial reasoning -wsd evaluation -question-formation -marker-based alignment -microelectronics fabrication -systems engineering -machine translation system -constituent creation -baseline system performance -tinite-state recognition -multinomial model -lexical resource integration -sentence condensation or simplification -exponential time lower-bound -interface generator -kasami-younger -translations extraction -transcription standard -semantic expression -non-dss unilication -constraint satisfaction problem -computational linguistics domain -navigation interface -generalize lr parse -query relaxation -parallel text -bigram model pruning -anaphoral resolution -classifier system -Mt evaluation -chinese homophone -disjunction -best-first parsing -roman alphabet -chunk combination -discourse material -rule -dp-based search -statistical modeling framework -prosody assignment -second-language proficiency -natural language modelling -combinatorial pattern discovery -parse space pruning -omission detection -search refinement -declarative clause type -statistical modelling -artificial intelligence literature -acoustic information -obligatory contour principle -automated corpus analysis -compression process -high energy posture -addressee detection -matlab -morpho-syntactic information -trainable segmentation -multi-party conversation -floppy disk drive -language processing evaluation -conversational context -japanese translation evaluation -local edge-detection -primary occurrence restriction -word behavior -minimum-distance parsing -top-down processing -monolingual capitalization model -vp-ellipsis -knowledge-base access -modular design -rule testing -semantic control -natural language sentences -tile bootstrapping -metonymic verb -collocation extraction and mining -clausal complementation -c-command principle -plausibility judgement -structural substitution -dependency relationship -contrast relation -scenario template -automated scoring -split parsing -system-produced summary -expression extraction processor -heuristic path search -canonical correlation analysis -direct transfer -dependency pointer -bottom-up system -context-based automatic term clustering -token synthesis -search depth -cascaded chunking -scene generation -restoration subdialogue -maximum decay ratio -laser printer -semantic abstraction -word -text information extraction -verb sense disambiguation -communication knowledge -word-order model -natural language system -copula verb -recursive segmentation -abstracting system -british national corpus -clause boundary recognition -xml processing paradigm -unsupervised word alignment component -semantic derivation -gpl compiler -terminological processing -context tying -local classification -triphone clustering -unknown-morpheme estimation -decomposition program -thread-safe uni cation -case-based legal reasoning \ -parameter estimation -sentence-by-sentence parsing -automatic role assignment -transitive closure -feature determination -text-block recognition -speech understatnding -judgement elicitation -hypertextual grammar development -phonetic contrast -nunation -supervised fusion -break -lexicon lookup -episodic retrieval -first-order predicate logic -search corpus -linguistic system -recognition inference -naive bayes techniques -soft sense disambiguation -intra-clause disambiguation -document structure analysis -automatic language-processing -shallow information retrieval -sammie system -entailment challenge corpus -appointment scheduling dialogue -syntax and semantics -bitext mapping and alignment -human understanding -entity recognition systems -head pruning technique -sv training -pluggable dialog strategy -hepple-style feature\/modality -loopy belief propagation -part-of-speech lagging -help-desk -global multiclassifier accuracy -dimensionality reduction -query-based sentence retrieval -automatic essay assessor -discriminant analysis -local maximum -robust parse capability -utterance understanding -error-pruning method -complexity prediction -dialog manager software -coherence relation nuclearity -pronunciation component -int-n selection -knowledgefree combining -fulltext chunker -personal names -typed input -monolingual corpus -row recognition -language-based information search -english-chinese corpus -feature representation -man-machine dialog -domain-independent lexica -multi-lingual coreference resolution -anaphoric referencing -czech grammar checker -linear tape system -indexer -rhyme pattern -natural language question-answering -pitch variability -transliteration process -concept taxonomy -claws system -deep-linguistic grammar -word termination -transcription reconstruction -evaluation process -automatic recognition -machine text summarization -speech production and perception -wildcard -textto-speech -candidate recognition -contour computation -transliteration approach -optimum termination condition -iterative enhancement -shape recognition -parse forest creation -statistical processing -word alignment algorithm -ptm triphone model -speech recognition\/synthesis -all content words -knowledge engineering technology -question similarity -computer-based natural language processing -screening -non-monotonous search -lexical structuring -ga-like transfer -conative alternation -boundary prediction -event identification task -mathematical topology -coreference clustering -feature sets -viterbi criterion -path-based reasoning \ -spoken dialogue tutoring -rst-style text -addressee determination -story pair similarity -leave-one-out resampling -unseeded clustering -verb subcategofization -k-nnfp -string match -clustering algorithm -clitic rules -word co-occurrence calculation -speaker-independent speech recognition -morphological rules -trigger word detection -preprocessor -visual imagery -structural annotation -lexical reasoning -word fragment detection -multilingual retrieval -conversation analysis -tree-dop -system performance and usability -sentence mapping -argument-initial position -real-time speech recognition -structured programming -class-based probability estimation -categorim grammar -entity detection and tracking -pircs retrieval system -semantic expansion -morphology induction -representation framework -speech corpus -combinatorial subcategorization -loss-based decoding -beam search solution -lexical resource construction -mi-trigram modeling -extraneous background noise -tag assignment -mimic dialogue -system engineering -robust machine translation -word abnormaliteiten -comlmtational linguistics -resource management task \ -speaker change detection -evaluative arguments -interactive lexicon extension -text acquisition -constructive learning environments -supertagging -linguistic structuring -opinion expression extractor -pd sequence -relational discourse analysis -uniform-cost edit distance -robust language processing -surface form -korean-to-japanese machine translation -automatic retrieval -tomatic term dioscovery -exact inference -morpheme-level model -posteriori estimation -penn treebank corpus -intermediate representation language -word confidence estimation -discourse memory -statistical surface realization -relaxation-ranking retrieval -iterative pruning -pitch accent placement -evidence combining -case frame information -solaris -edit-distance calculation -stress assigment -pronominal accessibility -np form determination -sentiment terminology -performance modelling -document annotation project -elliptic sentence -korean nominal compound analysis -trainable text processing -cost assignment -spoken language corpus -parameter learning -language knowledge base -traveling-salesman problem -morpheme processing -significant word order -lexical stress -parsing interpreter -topic tracking evaluation -sample inspection -frame uniformity -penn treebank tag set -case-persistence -document viewing -semantic classification hierarchy -lcs database -numeric weighting -meta-knowledge -analytical function assignment -boundary-determination -content selection step -spoken output synthesis -perceptron-like ordinal regression algorithm -architecture machiue -multimodal interactivity -structure representation -speech-tospeech translation -object discriminatiou -type disjunction -subsumptlon ordering -topicalization -repository -marketing -ne tagging -interpolation algorithm -em algorithm -association-based word-alignment -oov morpheme processing -re-scoring -hierarchical classifier -description logics -reference speaker selection -japanese named entity identification -leart ~ ing -word translation disambiguation -overlapping clustering -term variant -ibm viavoice engine -mining biological semantics -dialogue strategies -speech event frame -dependency structure acquisition -tree adjunct grammars -anaphoric expressions -discourse understanding -decision-tree pruning -verb lexicon -manual editing processing -svm-based recognition -path collection -relaxation-ranking passage retrieval -Czech -whole-document bleu maximization -tag assigment -relation assignment -optimisation -target language sentence -abstract -word editing distance -headword prediction -gender main-streaming -contextual resolution component -semisupervised learning -pinyin-to-character conversion -clause-level annotation -surface-level matching -translation dictionary -svms-based chunking -text-plan input -gapping -correspondence-based transfer -coreference scoring -sash construction -probabilistic translation model -word order similarity -multilingual query -dialogue system architecture -focus-based pronoun resolution -edr english corpus -automatic summarisation research -numerical optimization method -semi-automatic summarization system -LSA-based and the cooccurrence-based word vectors -muc information extraction -programming implementation -training rerank -error-driven rule pruning -classification system -document processing and analysis -discourse-level structure -name suggestion -integrated information management -svm-light -subtrees -semantic role labeler -framenet training -hmm post-processor -thesaurus building -semantic role identification -distance measure -sentence segmentor and tokenizer -question reformulation -probability re-estimation -topic detection and tracking task -translation accuracy -perplexity -locuslink -dtg recognition -single term indexing -domain-dependent knowledge base -temporal connective selection -first pair part -mapping process -synchronous parsing -performance evaluation -parser comparison and evaluation -dynamic combiner -character representation -phonological interpreter -mt-specific search -ratio-based rule selection -fixed-point arithmetic system -two-step clustering -constiluonl boundary ixusing -tile production -agent paradigm -discourse relation -multi-level language checking -formal concept analysis -speech recognition corpus -bunsetsu type -theoretic parsing -data annotation -n-gram modelling -english word recognition -post-transfer error detection -bilingual corpora -human gene normalization -independent text categorization -semantic tableau -abductive logic programming -IBM models -pauses -temporal adverb -verbal context -patxem recognition -chinese language modeling -distributional analysis -empirical Mt research -feature structure formalism -answer re-ranking -linguistic database -interactive television -chinese word segmentor -rgraph -lexical tagging -annotation -bipartite network -chinese sentence generation -semi-automatic ontology construction -language query processing -sentence interpretation -sentence-semantic transfer -numerical prediction -japanese spelling -spatial contiguity principle -bunsetsu identitication -postpositional case particle -spoken dialogue management -discourse analysis system -probabilistic inference -majority classifier -partof-speech -tree induction system -content-based information -corpus-based question-answering -gb-based parsing -interlingual translation -lm pruning -alignment database -multilingual name search -wordform-based model -man-machine dialogue -language processing performance -density measure -efficient computer-computer collaboration -constrained decoding -back-propagation algorithm -quantitative expansion -phrasal production -spanish corpus cast3lb -free natural language text -paragraph retrieval -vectofized processing -data handling -conceptual structures -weight-updating learning -context information -complete-link clustering -domain-driven partial language analysis -japanese term identification -telephone network -procedural grammar -length norrealization -training instance -text-to speech -computer-sitnulated learning -constraint graph -stochastic chart-parsing -syntactic theory -sentence level translation -selection-restriction violation -gramlnar learning -candidate filtering -contrastive stress assignment -high-quality translation -classical vector model -co-occurrence count -word window -bigram decoding -unix operating system -query-relevant summarization -sense distinctions -unsupervised training -multisequence alignment -motif-based user interface -automatic sentence compression -video tracking -semantics -boundary identification approach -bottom-up design -object-oriented design -grammar inference -keyhole recognition -knowledge acquisition methodology -word strings -concurrent markup -speech analysis tool -resolution problem -deictic noun phrase -hyperonymy -wsi algorithm -paraphrase extraction -triplet model -entity merging -grammar writing -syntagmatic information -word-level ambiguity -kaplan-montague theory -fmeasure -continous speech -semantic similarity measure -factoid identiflcation -database indexing -annealing algorithm -parametric estimation -coreference clusterization -word features -psychobiology -sign detection -didactic utilization -diacritic restoration -festival textto-speech system -telegraphic text compression -phrase structure -wilcoxon test -incremental learning method -deterministic parsing -query generation component -paraphrasing technique -cross-lingual fertilization -verb-level -deep semantic structure -tipster gazetteer -automated tagging -partial pattern tree -feedback-directed optimization -nearest neighbors -reference annotation schemata -information structure identification -model estimation and re-estimation -np annotation -mmr-based feature selection -grammatical deduction -speech recognition framework -semantic vector -good-turing estimation -dialogue move -speech recognition and generation -analyzer -kpca model -term-document matrix -class distribution -back-of-book indexing -part-of-speech tags -cky recognition -statistical qa -technical solution -te recognition -edict dictionary -knowledge bases -bottom-up parsing algorithm -aspectual representation -sequence-processing -graphsearch -learning -contextual similarity -boundary labeling -effective grammar size -work flow development -distributional soundness -adjacency principle -human-computer dialogue -machine learn approach -automated classi cation -anaphoric annotation -monolingual sentence alignment -large-scale generation -statistical pronominalization -finite-state models -multi-lingual corpora -intonational contour -ilp-based branch-and-cut -morpho-syntactic analysis -decision tree method -supervised machine learning -top-down disambiguation -shortestpath -susy -thematic decoupling -linguistic discourse processing -smoothing techniques -model building -sentence modality identification -english verb sense -editorial assistance -international phonetic alphabet -cl ustering -adaptive strategy -name classification -contextual focus -left-corner strategy -multi-lingual query generation -directed search -syntactic rank -underspecification -stability measure -drs construction principle -f-score performance -corrective modeling -muc-3 corpus -english-japanese translation system -lexical functional grammars -constraint processing -guided marker-passing -subversion -text retrieval system -grapheme-to-phoneme trmascription -linguistic phenomena test -orthographic variation -word-based computer speech -stw conversion -name recognition and reduction -annotated training corpus -ga text planner -intrinsic system -grammatical representation -pushdown automaton -cepstral-mean normalization \ -large-scale lexicon -spanish parsing -context-free parsing -linguistic annotation -named entity task -geometric distribution -statistical inference -vector-feature similarity -multilingual machine translation -class agreement feature -dialogue translation technology -expectation-maximization algorithm -questionnaire -semi-automatic acquisition -nmltimodal subcategorization -word error correction -tile filtering -bp chunking -nl text understanding -lexical decoding -system development and evaluation -graph cutting -bilingual word alignment -complementation -weighted perceptron -binary categorization -expression matching and substitution -evaluation strategy -processor -grouped voting -context resolution -k-fold cross-validation -numerical optimization -linear kernel function -keyword-spotting \ -automated accentuation -positive polarity -one-sided minimum-weight edge cover -verb raising -dictionary classification -humor recognition or generation -sentence condensation system -disambiguation process -polynomial-dine recognition -non-deep pattern matching -posterior -grammatical information -spontaneous speech processing -low-dimensional feature -semantic coherence -clause-like unit identification -mbt tagset -hidden Markov models ( HMM ) -location normalization -mt systems -tree classifier -greedy search algorithm -smnmarization -multi-tier mapping -speech form -representative corpora -canonical syntactic function -semantic coding -medical dictionary -solution search -vq design -dialect comparison -bottom-up documentstructuring -lexical search -feature-description language -lsa-weighted voting -syllable-word segmentation -local phrase reordering -alignmelit -morphological parsing program -text categorization -morphological analysis program -discourse treebank -automatic treebank conversion -human processing -paraphrase template -iob annotation -recursive partitioning -speech generation -wordfreak annotation tool -stylistic norm -likelihood maximization -twoto-one channel probability -predicate structure extractor -compound prediction -n-best list re-ranking -data fusion -summary grading -computational learning -noun-adjective agreement -add-one smoothing -statistical corpus-based natural language understanding -related-term database -terminology learning -search control -asymmetric clustering -batch processing -pattern generation mechanism -language generation and summarization -indices derivation -mt reranking -english lexicon -vacuous quantification -annotation representation methodology -parameter selection procedure -genre detection -structure disambiguation -sound separation -cepstral-filtedng -kontext anaphor resolution -n-gram-based evaluation -human-human collaboration -subjective human judgment -maximum entropy qa -bilingual lexicon extraction -length-based or translation-based criterion -kanji-recognition -matching rule -intelligent testing -language-processing application software -summarization corpora -author attribution -phrase-to-phrase alignment -small-sized training corpora -assessor -non-projective dependency graph -spanish parser -candidate selection method -atn grammar development -unsupervised method -decidable satisfiability problem -clause level stress -language selection -exact parsing -agreement-based selection -pilot system -alignment software -word-for-word conversion table -annotation checking -power law distribution -truth-value -plan tree -model section -predicate calculus -cle one-anaphora resolution -conditional maximum entropy -classifier ensemble -topdown generation -lexical strata -meeting recording -em learning -interactive design -taxonomy -documentpair -altavista model -verb phrase deletion -transcribed switchboard -lexical level -statistical measure -learning problem -transducer-based learning -performance ratio -phonological input -linking -feature subset evaluation -monolithic grammar -grammar-based architecture -uni cation-based grammar -passive item -quantitative chart design -viterbi path -word alignment task -thcsaurus generation -event -audio recording -syntactic\/semantic grammar -decision theory -correspondence-based translation -identipscation -ositional phrase -language parsing -linguistic antecedent -prediction algorithm -unsupervised learning method -entity extraction system -semantic schema -head switching -productmoment correlation coefficient -significance assignment -grammar normalization -noun phrase -english-to-japanese machine translation -semantic class identification -temporal information -quintus prolog -unit selection search -perceptron network -intonational phrase -errordetection technique -database administrator -translation -markov modeling approach -word sense -probabilistic word-lattice parsing -speech processing -ns analysis -abduction-based system -spellchecker -eye tracking -composite localisation -sentences -feature agreement -automatic grammar extraction -probabilistie modeling technique -psycholinguistic justification -disfluency modeling -network training -simultaneity -cluster-based indexing -confidence prediction -entity\/relation recognition -acoustic model combination -large text corpora -parametric embedding -genitive case -pathway discovery -automatic text understanding -morphological ambiguity problem -lexicon creation -context free language -nl translation -statistical prediction engine -transfer process -communicator dataset -minimum match -orthographic information -graph clustering -tense translation -language localisation -informationextraction -machine translation evaluation -phoneme distance -treebank construction -querying -periphrastic inflection -parsing technique -u-ldm parsing -language grammar -foreign words -answer analysis -phrase recognition -cluster number estimation -levenshtein edit-distance function -bottom-up dynamic programming parsing -locative phrase -template-induction -local disambiguation -clarification behavior -computer speech recognition -human-computer communication -text to speech -pattern extraction -sentenceextractor -categorization technique -speechto-speech translation -iterative prototyping -ontology matching -english translation evaluation -multi-modal information -type selection and analysis -synchronous tree-adjoining grammars -chinese dependency analysis -type theory -adaptive sequencing -wfst optimization -target language corpus -tense form -abbreviation extraction -japanese dependency parser -multimodal fission -pronominal reference resolution -dialogue -language processing -local ambiguity reduction -channel noise -classifier matching -word-based representation -logical equivalence -pfst induction -phrase selection -parser failure -transcriptions -processing stream -speech recognition equipment -n-gram score -document interpretation -tasc algorithm -supertagging probability distribution -intelligent system -interleaved method -context-based scoring -learning-based translation -finite-state language model -baseline -temporal expression interpretation -collocation model -plural noun phrase -adjunction analysis -question , passage , and answer level -topic interpretation -semantic networks -petri net formalisms -link extraction -graph algorithm -annotator -automata-based theorem-proving -supervised system evaluation -multiple inheritance -token classification task -frequency list -expectation-maximization -information systems -database -discriminative training \ -collective noun -context-free grammar induction -lexical gap -set comparison -term constituent -classifier construction -graph-based inference -word-based statistical language model -document structure -spoken dialogue corpus -multilingual text classification -chinese term extraction -organizational scheme -corpus annotation -jointly-trained single statistical parsing model -computational generation -common-sense reasoning -label matching -overt topicalization -response selection -commonsense reasoning -language information -bipartite matching -chain structuring -mutual bootstrapping -inference enhancement -concept formation -real-time parsing -term selection -analysis technique -information transmission problems -advanced information technology -stochastic derivation -word-based language model -asr\/telephony server development -written language corpus -frombilingualcorpora -information browsing and navigation -clm answer selection -constraint-satisfaction -data model -theme classification -chinese word tokenization -annotation evaluation -block -lambda structures -document language model -lexicalisation -annotator accuracy -english compound -statistics -subtype detection and characterization -automatic term expansion -cf search -japanese case marker -mark-up standard -book keeping -unbounded rule head -trace-filler co-indexation -antecedent selection -lexical entry selection -interannotator reliability -unannotated text corpora -colored unification -treewalk -lexicon evaluation method -translation model estimation -identification process -bidding management -text passage -key phrase extraction -relational algebra -resolution process -pronouns -human-machine communication -mixed-initiative dialogue -coreference corpus -lexico-semantic knowledge base -structure -medical vocabulary -graph-searchlng -reinforcement training -machinereadable corpora -ellison one-level phonology -wsdc model -deterministic classificatio n -situation type determination -extraction problem -graph-based method -key term expansion -argument presentation -co-occurrence analysis -knowledge resource -proposition -delta-likelihood -text recognition -data consortium -learning subjective nouns -acoustic noise analysis -formal semantics -pragmatic theory -optimal ambiguity packing -rule extraction -move-tagged abstract -unbounded dependency -micro planning -unsupervised acquisition -extraction-based summarization -speech enhancement algorithm -letter-substitution -ppm word segmentation -recognition search -automatic lexicon enhancement -knowledge-based inferen c -cat algorithm -entry selection -pos smoothing -contextual complexity -history retention -signature completion -context-sensitive spelling-error correction -tiger corpus -conditional generation -class assignment -field compatibility -standard arabic-english translation task -document sharing -hierarchical clustering -unsupervised learn algorithm -subpredicates -soft vector quantization -computer-based retrieval -dialog context -discourse marker lexicon -duration module -topic extraction -structural analysis -cyk-table-driven interactive relaxation parsing -information subsumption -entity reference resolution -addressee -semantic hierarchy -speech understanding system -random weighting -grammar notation -language processtug -random generation -conceptual graph -patternmatching -sentence detection -speaker adaptation -decoder algorithm -model switching -unlabeled dependency identification -inter-process communication -belltree -paragraph-based summarization -singular value decomposition -maximum-weight bipartite -word-sense determination -computer communication -lexical resource -intention recognition -csr corpus -ward linkage -performance modeling -tree drawing -computational natural language learning -stemmer -testing speech -attribute selection -processing module -most-frequent-sense baseline -string unification -cf parser construction -text generation system -direct anaphora -indexing scheme -digital video information -free indexation algorithm -truth-maintenance system -grammar compilation -insertion grammars -wittgenstein -multi-level resolution -multimodal referent specification -online completion -domain identification -child-directed speech -lexicon-free indexing -frame description -spontaneous dialogue -noisy translation lexicon -unification grammars -predicative noun -english argument identification -language ambiguity -large margin training -lambek proof -argument matching -spell checking -hand-crafted rules -lexicon generation -multilingual text alignment -document level opinion -world wide web -t-structure -maxent conditional probability model -language understanding modeling -bracketing -named-entity task -morphological dismnbiguation -unification-based transfer -chinese sentence parsing -measure -continuous-speech -automated authorship attribution -feature combination -fastus reference resolution -gr parsing -selection learning -sound wave manipulation -semantic subcategorization -np constraint -bilingual text alignment -selective concept extraction -classification accuracy \ -matching algorithm -computational linguistics ontology -feature clustering -tree-cut extraction method -pseudo-disambiguation -word graph compression -noun interpretation -quality -fulltext information retrieval -category size -corpus evidence -morphological comparison -induction process -humorous effect -interactive personal translation system -case ellipsis -metalinguistic knowledge -arabic-english -mandarin chinese hownet -constraint feature induction -need -bitext mapping algorithm -metonymy interpretation -lexical acquisition algorithm -segmented discourse representation -document coreference -grammahcal processing -non-destructive unification -multilingual text processing -graph partitioning -word-dependent substitution costs -selection strategy -context size -topic-focus identification -two-stage search -preference modeling -keyword labeling -grammar writer -spoken translation -lexical relations -dialogue cooperativity -air traveler information -continuation rise -human behavior -cognitive model -glossary identification -state-bound indexing -topological dependency grammar -abstract sentence -topic boundary identification -re-estimation algorithm -semantic parsing -schwa deletion -quantified noun phrase -utterance structure -candidate-wise classification -language evaluation -hierarchy match -applicative expression -terminological information -statistical sense disambiguation -meaning representation and analysis -pattern matcher -annotated test collection -baseline results -supervised back-off -sentential distance -generative diagram -noun countability detection -paraphrasing -long distance dependencies -suffix tree -dynamic programming technique -pen treebank -finite-state machinery -knowledge base search -quadratic time -ontologies -computer virus recognition -statistical feature selection -propositional content -germanet -selectional restriction rules -lfg construction -contour principle -document summarization -interactive learning -glossary -hidden understanding model -node splitting -letter mapping -factored pruning -grammar evaluation -gidlp parsing -automatic natural language processing -enron corpus -structure analyzer -p-name extraction -non-indo-european language -computational language analysis -guided propagation networks -reference disambiguation -stochastic generation -base-np detection -head-and-tail matching -cross validation -probabilistic access function -document object model -polymorphism -singledocument summarization -tagging scheme -essay grading -pearson correlation coefficient -misrecognition rate -communicative acts -pattern generating -weibull distribution -linearisation -argument realization -noun-phrase analysis -kpca training -compound recognition and bracketing -synonymy detection -reversible letter-to-sound\/sound-to-letter generation -coordination -tree cutting -selective relaxation -mixture models -ontology creation -speech act tag -perspective-taking -ltag framework -graph uni cation -Dynamic Hierarchical Phrasal Lexicon ( DHPL ) -telegraphic sentence construction -rapid parser development -paragraph-based approach -intrinsic testing -svm light -machine translation model -relevance weighting -gold standard -input word form -specificity determining -logical definition -word co-occurrence analysis -semantic matching -discourse-tagged corpora -morphology learning -vowel harmony -tag mapping -np- and non-np-antecedents -approximate string matching -cr classification -constructive type theory -gene expression -czech-english translation -5-fold cross-validation -elliptical clause -index detection -zero-pronoun -relation subtype detection -nonverbal communication -rough alignment -semi-automated feature collection -system description -language understanding and production -template\/pattern matching -automata-based grammar -cscl parser -morpho-semantic generator -bibliographic information -nonconcatenative morphology -ewluation technique -marginal training -load balancing -networking -predictive power -pos tag -lexicalized tree grammars -interactive speech-based e-mail system -standard korean processing -constraint-based parsing -selectional preference information -acoustic-pbonetic mapping -event anaphora -discourse structure recognition -menu-based debugging -lexicological research -ordexing -quantification problem -statistical significance testing -parallel data -tritag model -barriers theory -joint probability model -structure computation -phone conversation -neural net -language morphology induction -liklihood -concept grammar rule -canned corpus -imperfect recognition -dictionary definition analysis -variable metric optimization -extended horn clause rule -blockfinder -precision computation -similarity -lexicon theory -datalog database -parametric fragment-length cost function -axie creation -unification method -mt-based paraphrase technique -segments -query-focused summarization model -teaching -near-duplicate document -hebrew processing -cyk parsing -head-lexicalization -feature selection method -overspecificity -self-organizing grammar inference -dutch -artificial agent -technical text -distributive interpretation -signal proceasing -biotechnology information -hp-top kernel -weakly supervised learning algo null -conditional random fields -model parameter estimation -chart-based parsing framework -speaker-independent continuous speech recognition -semantic extraction -empty string -tile tagging -sentence extraction system -development environment -linguistic knowledge acquisition -corpus-based acquisition -assertionlevel proving -unsupervised tagging system -dialog control logic -reasoner \ -statistical grammar -trainable synthesis -template matching -context sensibility -context-flee phrase -anthropology -program generation process -event recognition -tree-trellis search -linguistic granularity -relative-frequency estimation -quadratic kernel -pattern construction -oov word extraction -rst tree -syntactic and semantic information -word seuse disambiguation -lexicon symmetrization -quantitative linearization -verbal and nonverbal grounding act -term weightmg -modern hebrew -vowel duration -human-computer interface -completion rules -factoid analysis -inside-outside estimation -froln structural information content -dictionary term translation -transliteration modeling -strength of potential antecedence -structural translation recognition -czech-english dependency treebank -multilingual terminology -word lattice -semantic role prediction -automated translation -scf determination -tagalog -list-based decoding -error reduction rate -semantic content -translation memory -multiple-sequence alignment -smr reordering -human parsing -backoff lattice -weakly supervised learning -psycholinguistic analysis -enea corpus -semantic synthesis -named disjunction -packed parsing -target word -answer -control mechanism -idus ( intelligent document understanding system ) -email summarisation service -verb acquisition \ -speech system -sluice typing -dialogue act prediction -cooperative question answering -translation problem -representation language -large corpora -similarity measures -entity name classification -tractability criterion -random projection -reestimation algorithm -interactive query modification -oaussian distribution -scoring -microphone selection -linear classifier optimization -extensive semantic knowledge acquisition -syntactic word class -japanese processing -uncertain knowledge -sail interfacing system -high-performance speech recognition -facsimile machine -grammar -query optimisation -software composition -documentary database -maximum point dispersal -phrase structure acquisition -statistically fitted rule-based model -sld resolution -wp identifier -scope prediction -tile processing -weight optimization -NLP -acceptance testing -name entity identification -particles -semantic dependency graph -relaxation technique -markup framework -human tense annotation agreement -aspect combination -linear threshold -structural description -multilingual coreference -genonic hmm -proper name discrimination -concept-like information -natural language technology -full-text information retrieval -prolog implementation -subject grouping -text stream preprocessing -syntactic valency -history-based learning -robot planning -locative inversion -idiom-based machine translation -classification approach -unsupervised document classification -underspecified feature structure -contextsensitive spelling correction -perceptroninspired reranking -gtm f-measure -database collection -reader identification -discourse models -touch typing -corpus-level relation -linguistic expressiveness -wcp extraction -semi-automatic dialogue annotation -arabic optical character recognition -question classification -phoenix parser -applicative programming -annotation analysis and evaluation -nlg evaluation -try-and-error-based conversion -approximate associative tree matching -evaluation architecture -nlp component -speech recognition problem -alignment-based method -distributed event simulation -path-based rule -local maxima -speaker-dependent training -French sentence -icc-mail -image-based character search -linguistic environment -cross-language projection -entity classification -japanese dependency parsing -segmentation bakeoff -vector-space system -term candidate extraction -mt development -graph theory -knowledge representation method -entropy maximization -relation detection task -dialog module -written language technology -assistance system -retrieval method -character bigram model -synergistic knowledge discovery -digital museum framework -nforrnation retrieval system -unknown-word boundary -distributed calculation -pronominal noun -bag generation -perceptual processing -syntactically-oriented parsing -table lookup mapping -english-chinese bitext -minimization classification -vector machine learning -regular expression matching -automatic word categorization -role detector -cross-language information access -lexicalized tree grammar -intensional concept -maximum entity -agenda-based chart parsing -probabilistic processing -intellect lexicon -dialogue management mechanism -ellipsis resolution mechanism -strategy adaptation -classification-based parsing -syntactic constituent -lexicase parsing -parsing table -topic scoring -cluster preference -derivation structure -domain information -korean analysis -centering-style generation algorithm -text-to-phoneme conversion -letter-to-sound\/soundto-letter generation -automatic error handling -true probability distribution -discourse-level processing -scope resolution -speech datum -qalc question-answering system -clustering-based smoothing -computational literature -modality -digital video library -rhetorical parsing -tagging research -back-quote notation -pp interpretation -head-driven bottom-up generation -parse technique -bilingual text corpus -extraction technique -presupposition resolution -transduction model -particlehood -signal process -grammar specialisation -tts system -lexical subcategonzation scheme -sentence -natural language texts -transfer dictionary -surface contact -candidate -hierarchy construction algorithm -flesch-kincaid measure -automatic projection -signal energy -factual information -stylistic control -mt system evaluation -noun class generalization -parallel marker-passing scheme -news audio -knowledge refinement -tree modification -hypernymy -recognition corpus -automatic book indexing -analogical learning -voice transcription -cfg extraction -smoothing parameter -electronic transfer -memory-based learner -constituent ordering -dictionary building -keyword query expansion -functional word -domain-specific ontology -paragraphs -cross-partition clustering -cognitive psychology -file handling -human-machine interactions -linguistic approach -biography summarization system -product development -majority voting -verb phrase modification -ranking system -recursive auto-associative memory -syntactic tag -emotional speech analysis -vector comparison -monolingual speech -context-dependent summarization -heterogeneous information -complex-termform recognition -context-free paining -parsing -syntatic parsing -itg probability -fluent generation -meeting transcription -logarithmic search -ph corpus -dirichlet allocation -ranking correlation -np detection -chinese text retrieval -linguistic categorization -message retrieval -language generation and synthesis -theoretical framework -sentence-transduction -morphological variant -text editing -deduction approach -unihan database -word order -finitc-state analysis -model processor -propbank project -language model score -backoff -korean morphology -morphological analysis \ -very-large-vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition -network architecture -grammar rule indexing -search space -language processing component -emotion modeling -automatic abstracting -descriptive text understanding -feedback model -entity class -statistical clustering -conditional independence -neuroscience -argument classification -fipstag -stem model -triad structure -content-oriented metadata -action item detection -qualia relation -explicit rejection criterion -summarisation system -unlabeled text -lexical material -weight vector -key word extraction -information detection -technique -two-way translation -cky generation -pronunciation software -network inferencing -metrical tree -annotation layer -human language processing -word-choice -verb-subcat frame -comparable bootstrapping -production behavior -sd type ambiguity -vocabulary choice -scalable natural language understanding -penn treebank test set -delta function -concept learning -unknown word translation -high-performance question classification -sub-story identification -list indicator -tf-idf weighting -quantifier scope -translation model reestimation -context-driven disambiguafion -categorisafion -french -word-based classification -language processing method -pie parser -at&t communicator -pretonic segment -lexicographic abstraction -statistical po tagger -nr-reading -sequence union -speech signal processing -grammar induction approach -model-based segmentation -evaluation data -dialog ellipsis -repair meta-communication -automatic measurement -affixal morphology -web consortium -japanese grapheme-phoneme -order restoration -predicate-argument recognition -belief model -finite-closure hypothesis -source dependency parse -applied linguistics -functional programming -symbolic translation -meaning analysis -conventional lookup -indexing\/knowledge base building -information access -index term weighting -segmentationand recognition -snr-dependent cepstral normalization -noun phrase identification -bayesian modeling -text collection -antecedent-likelihood theory -polynomial time ccg -computational biology -marker insertion -inter-language distance -automated style analysis -sentence similarity -post-order linearization -personal pronouns -vector space modeling -entropy parameter estimation -text-generation -q -orthographic case information -np-topicalization -cluster-based language model -corpus tagging -exhaustive classification -clustering technique -xp chunk -cue detection detection -semantic generalization -automatic alignments -xrs transducer -definate noun phrases -character sequence -government binding -tile interpretation -candidate translation -inflectional information -language variation -co-occurrence frequency estimation -lexicalized parser -gender identification -generation architecture -flexp -automatic collocation extraction -retrieval process -language understanding and reasoning -queryrelevance -sgt blackwell -definite determination -ontology maintenance -cubic kernel -string-tree correspondence grammar -parallel parsing method -information characterization -sentence level alignment -feature-rich decision-tree -news story text -speaker-independent chinese dictation system -unknown sense detection -syntax-based decoder -human-human spoken dialogue -lexical category -sentence classifier -intrasentential coreference -japanese analysis -computational framework -subject raising -inter-human agreement -on-policy monte carlo -encyclopedia britannica -inter-subject correlation -sense learning -word-lattice search -sparseness problem -multilingual text authoring -bio-ner -relation resolution -causal verification -self correction -iterative feature selection -discriminative classifier -query translation device -computerized dictionary -null clustering -named entity recognition -srl classification -taxonomic activity -suffix array-based datum structure -bleu score -computation overhead -extraction algorithm -topic analysis -output generation -non-extractive summarization -context models -question answer test -word order variation -lcfrs\/mcfg -german syntactic generation -baseline clustering -on-line problem detection -word category information -non-english ( Arabic ) stemmer -nugget-based scoring -linear categorial deduction -parallel translation generation -phrase chunking -deduction structure -mer training -verb class discovery -discourse level analysis -compression ratio -multi-step matching -topic identification task -cfg chart -propositional learning -wavesurfer -domain-specific text processing -components analysis -domain-independent topic segmentation -benchmark test material -negotiation dialogue -sentence-level restructuring -froff -parsing task -ditransitive verb phrase -grammatical function -composition rule -frequency adverbial -ranking -lexicalist prediction -dictionary entry -re dataset -human communication need -conjunction -ccmplling -statistical learn model ( slm ) -semantic form extraction -error reduction -blind evaluation -automatic annotation -meta-learning -graphalignment -classification performance -su detection -nn compound -senseval-3 Chinese lexical sample task -grammar transformation -document translation -parse ranking -quality monitoring -specificity measuring -discourse tagging -parser output -phrase aligner -combinatorial optimization -td parsing -agglomerative clustering -parsing algorithm -domain-specific summarization -search\/optimization -automatic analytical function assignment -finite-state structure -annotation schema -annotation scheme -similarity assessment -generalisation -pdp-8 machine language -pronunciation dictionary -plink selection -rule representation -tree selection phase -constraint grammar formalism -trec-7 -inter-cluster distance -string match and recency -template structure -management of uncertainty -pronou n resolution -speech representation -data encryption -edit distance extraction -text-based emotion -semantic chunk segmentation -phrase structure analysis -cluster -data capture -path finding -nlp community -unsupervised classi cation -language quantifier -automated essay grading -large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition technology -web search engine -positive weight winnow -markup -stockholm-umeps corpus -prosodic information control -chinese treebank annotation -chunking-based dependency analysis -character tagging -monte carlo approximation -human-human conversation -topic variation -dynamic interpretation theory -disambiguation procedure -deduction method -mixed-initiative system -bandpass filter -relative clause attachment -hebrew text -syntactic rules -nonmonotonic operation -log-linear models -syntactic decomposition -blog classification -acquisition technique -hpsg grammar framework -viterbi optimization -prop-bank\/treebank -answer credibility -definite clause grammars -recursive kernel -context pattern induction -incremental parsing -running time -phrasal prominence -nlp technology -word transposition -measuring -morphological disambiguation system -bootstrapping morphological analyzers -meeting scheduling -scientific knowledge -right-node raising -constraint unification systern -frame representation language -contextual analysis -wordsense -node structure -10-fold cross-validation -lexical chain -genitive phrase -named entity annotations -machine translation project -tiered tagging -hierarchical information visualization -lexicalised feature encoding -subject ellipsis -decode -stem acquisition -class-based word alignment -word structure -automatic anaphora resolution -maximum likelihood estimator -anaphor resolution -proof reduction -dictionary-based word-segmentation -web-mining -conceptual association strategy -statistical ambiguity -motion-capture implementation -geographic name disambiguation -word boundaries -named-entity recognition and classification -cascaded disambiguation -absolute discounting method -baum-welch training -dfa minimization -word pair -language processing architecture -answer collection -clause structure -chart-like parse -character writing -modal verb -hyper-linking -weight search -signal amplification -language discourse -german syntax -unambiguous representation -translations -axiom extraction -sound-letter generation -broadcast news transcription -heuristic search -wsi -map estimation -feature encoding -processing methodology -reltypes -phonemic baseform -n-gram backoff -seeded clustering -disjunctive feature structures -word suffix tree -time-waiping function -englishprime word alignment -french parser -text-based language processing -questionanswering -nominal prefix -call-center question database -knowledge acquisition component -english-chinese transliteration -f-score -compound recognition -ibm modeling -iterative extraction -lexical mapping -simultaneous segmentation -template-filling -resolution technique -unrestricted newspaper text -support vector classifier -sentence-structure -unified distance matrix -high-accuracy word-level alignment model -natural language ambiguity -parsing flexibilities -tree learning -phrase-based translation approach -blank space -pronotm resolution -query-formulation -language generation \ -call routing -mt system development -nonlinear planning -product rating -cubic time -binary phrase structure -wrapper -correlation clustering -unification-based constituent analyzer -semantic relations -chinese named-entity -parallel sentence selection -icsi meeting corpus -in-situ quantification -linear-threshold function -cascaded transducer -nominal compound -predicate logic -bidirectional dependency network -korean compound noun -sentence text generation -recognition systems -complex term -adjoining grammar parsing -scheme comparison -domain ontology extraction -csr -word alignment tool -automatic dialog modeling -default reasoning -non-constituent conjunction -corpora collection -phonemic transcription -limited domain semantics -markov model speech recognition -bilingual language modeling -idiomatic structure -k-means -semantic integration -pp-attachment ambiguity resolution -tural language processing -retrieval -parameter estimation and inference -term translation mining -abstract move -java speech api -statistical Mt architecture -interlingual representation -multi-modal communication -generation system -pearl parser -example-based decoding -paragraph selection -automatic terminology acquisition -lexical tuning -monte carlo integration -interannotator agreement -category unification -glc parsing -noun phrase analysis -multi-stage parsing -reference word string -error-reduction learning -hindi decipherment -semantic ambiguity -syntactic semantic treebank -adjacency pair information -text-based emotion prediction -cross-database retrieval -simulation technique -user initiative -subgraph isomorphism testing -bilingual parse -resource building -n-bin classification -phonological acquisition -qlf construction -word-breaking -noun phrase resolution -terminals -query-assertion -out-of-domain corpus -logic formulae -iterative dynamicprogramming -deep parsing -goal expansion -morphoclassification -sentence condensation -tile annotation -tagging-like metadata detection -probability distributions -information science -lexical-functional grammars -detransformed maximum likelihood -digital learning -cooperative model -propbank corpus -mbsl scoring -conditional probabilities -broad-coverage parser -dp-based monotone search -feature information -recursive trie traversal -grammar factorization -dialogic interaction -semantic distance calculation -aggregation rule -rule-based anaphora resolution -corpus-based knowledge acquisition -seed formation and germination -interactive natural language system -advertisement management software -wordnet project -tree format -direction finding -foreign word -locality preserving projections -german thesaurus -sense-disambiguation -word-indexing -event identification -verb diathesis -instance generation -tiger treebank -augmented phrase structure -keyword association -role assignment -kl divergence -data detection -probabilistic decision-tree -rule formalism -information gathering translation -dependency transducing -active chart parser -sysconj system -phrase-based decoder -finite-state translation -relation -multipurpose information -evidence combiner -entity oriented parsing -backtracking -constituent order -a classifier-based parser -morpho-syntactic feature -incomplete inference -binary comparison -typed feature structures -rosana occurrence identification -agreement rate -recognition error rate -best-of-breed paraphrasing -german text corpora -part-ofspeech -augmented transition net -stratified sampling -dynamic programnting -active chart parsing -information content -sentence punctuation -tile discourse context -flat panel display -sentence realization component -dictionary definitions -beam search algorithm -dependency transduction -domain-independent summarization -boolean constraint satisfaction -robust sign detection -paper-based documentation -word-clustering -nondeterministic top-down backtracking parsing method -semantic and pragmatic -maxent -linear discriminant -lecture segmentation -pitch accent type -regression tree -speech model integration -natural-language database -tagger implementation -lazy copying unification -nist evaluation metric -word category -multiplication rules -recall enhancing -tex ~ representation -case assignment -stochastic context-free grammar -chinese text categorization -restrictive parsing -csr corpora -novice user -interpolation estimation -spelling-correction -string-alignment -lexicalized statistical parsing model -non-linear parsing -context clustering -inference technique -approximate matching -entailment acquisition -medical dictation -noisy speech -incremental inference -ebmt software -noun chunking -interaction cycle -orthographical mapping -partial traceback -index lookup -f-structure annotation -semi-automatic bracketer -style clustering -ideographic translation -gesture-speech alignment -note taking -dictionary broadcasting -kanji-kana character -dialogue annotation -regex method -ldd recovery -misclassification error -name entity extraction -automatic chunking -framenet frame -microphone adaptation -word error rates -wall street journal corpus -text documents -n-best feature inclusion -post-ocr error correction -tagger training -question handling -bia -dialogue planning -discourse proposition -paraphrase scheme -training example -automatic training -inflected form -cognitive -similarity measure -inter-lingual translation -database query paraphrase -translator productivity -ne task -key-to-key scoring -conceptual structure -graph pruning -answer fusion -context modification -syntax tree -linear extrapolation -accent restoration -content identification -text extraction -shallow processing -pronouncer -synset -information extraction and segmentation -part-of-speech tag sequences -tile agenda -symbol acquisition -subsumption architecture -treebank ii corpus -feature comparison -japanese parsing -lexicai head -cepstral domain -madcow ( multi-site atis datum collection work group ) -drosophila -pronunciation -logix environment -nlp-based indexing -subject-dependent co-occurrence neighborhood -xml format -taskoriented spoken dialogue processing -environment protection -palatalization -dynamic programming -schwa alternation -isotonic regression -english translation -speech translation model -weak learning algorithm -multilingual extraction research -hard constraint relaxation -cross-lingual question answering -human conceptualization -generalize metaphor -gopubmed term extraction -task manager -lexicon enhancement -semantic role analysis -broadcast news type -unit agreement ratio -answer detection -pos-annotation -classification-based nlp -pruning strategy -programming approach -event focusing -cd-rom -syntax model -bilingual alignment -right-branching structure -parse time -hypothesis verification and selection -term-recognition system -function word -ete database -best-first search algorithm -rule-based training -interface environment -preference learning -tdt-inspired language modeling -decomposition -parsing module -co-articulation -name anaphora -tree traversal -englith-to-japanese translation -thai key prediction -sumnlarization ftmction -statistical approaches -morpheme ordering -resource management ( rm ) corpus -feedback learning -dialogue act detection -ontology building -back-tracking -semantic type\/sort -mulfinomial distribution -boolean filter -co-occurrence frequency -structured information -lexical accommodation -grammatical categories -add-k smoothing -tree augmentation -feature type selection -training data corpus -probabilistic grammar -non-metrical scaling -unlabeled corpora -feature selection scheme -transportable english-language interface -non-terminal frontier node -dynamic programming method -data sparseness -defeat rules -automatic method -polarity sensitivity -grammar coverage problem -prosodic information -sentence tagging -part-of-speech tagging task -text-dependent speaker identification -rule translation -ltag parsing -korean news -answer sentence identification -tides processing -unification categorial grammar ( ucg ) -morphological parser -translation candidate collection -discourse generation -position-free unknown morpheme handling -word vector -contextual elimination -unknown morpheme handling -abstract ontology -data generation -temporal logic -local cohesion -semantic web -target language generation -k-nearest-neighbor -semiring-weighted deduction -neural network -feature unification -computer research -Non Verbal and Multimodal Communication -decision tree building -verb modifier -recognising textual entailment -back-off translation -free-style sentence translation -language processing technique -search\/learning -single word clustering -nooverlapping clustering -plural reading -chinese language lexicon -argument extraction -vocabulary extraction -summarising system -transitivity -systemic linguistics -terminological help -free text processing -data-classification -learning-based coreference -glass box -recognition score -hpsg parser -system learning -output quality -compound word identification -prefix trie -non-pronominal noun -concurrent uni cation -classification task -dag -rapid speaker adaptation -machine interpretation -semidirectional lambek grammar -word capitalization -word lattices -probability category -natural language front-end -audio feature extraction -human annotate text -low-dimensional feature space -discourse phenomenon -definition language -festival speech synthesis -phonetic ambiguity -lfg -belief propogation -rule-based fragment interpreter -connectionist representation -term-based document representation -constituent parsing -multisequence alignment algorithm -dictionary definition matching -me chunking -maximum similarity -entropy calculation -similarity threshold -acyclic finite state automata -finite state parsing -inference method -factor analysis -attribute-value pairs -language generation system -context dependency -human annotated frame element -scenario analysis -real-time grammar processing -textto-speech system -test data set -correlation matrix -gaussian environment classifier -text segmentation and compression -decidable calculus -local classification model -grammar specialization -statistical natural language -foreign language proficiency -visual programming -diphone coverage -shallow-parsing -negra -multi-party dialogue -phrase-marker -left-to-right beam search -pspl lattice -multi-word candidate -dictionary modification -binary relation -soft clustering algorithm -term indexing system -summary alignment -auto task completion -transfer phase -terminological database -biomedical text mining -headed string -kakari-uke analysis -english\/japanese transliteration -model creation -voting- and arbiter-based combination strategy -hownet construction -class-based approach -stable ' formalization -thematic role information -gb theory -local context analysis -word senses -miscue detection -syntactic parsing re-ranking -content determination -sense-tagging -time-honored learning -grammar leaning -anonymous ftp -prefix substring -assembly code -comprehensibility -audiovisual content analysis -pen-based gesture -co-training algorithm -spoken dialogue processing -text -natural-language expression -spanish language -cross-validation -diagram summarization -training criterion -definite grammar scheme -ntimit database collection -communication verb -prolog program -assignment probability -guessing-rule induction -prototype system -protocol analysis -beam -computational modeling -pronunciation classification -hypernym extraction -translation lexicon acquisition -model construction -hpsg grammar -large-margin training technique -morphological disambiguation -subject-verb relationship -shallow feature generation -speech recognition agent -break index coding -chinese human name recognition -morphological structure -multi-lingual translation -accent prediction -definition matching -generic dialogue management -metropolis acceptancerejection -meaning-representation language -global visualization -document summarisation\/presentation -continuous recognition -morpheme discovery -charniak parser -probabilistic agenda-based chart parsing -five-fold validation -syntactic coding -annealing optimization -question-answer matching -image segmentation -pic training -statistical selection -compile-time -direct transcription -nlg community -near-term extraction technology -finite state grammar -annotation system -observational learning -robust risk minimization -candidate answer -corpus extraction -viterbi-like parsing algorithm -lexicon entries -unsupervised information extraction -video content -parser-reranker -relation mapping -morphological analyzer -expert knowledge -giza -tokenization -handwriting -user search -tag formalism -dialogue architecture -computer-based discourse analysis -entailment identification -video retrieval -robust analysis -feature extracton -skeleton parsing -hyperonym problem -factorial analysis -word-aligned translation -lr automata -cantonese speech -normal form -advisory dialogs system -large labeled training corpora -linguistic theories -region contraction -rate estimation -machine-translation -cross validation method -network building -lexemic grammar -scoring script -right-to-left decoding -shallow generation -machine translation processing -statistical methods -entity identification -opinion corpus -resource development -phomeme recognition -probabilities calculation -morphophonemic level -ccg gold standard -corpus-based tuning -crawler -graph-based extractive summarization method -user expertise -constituent boundary marker -paragraph numbering -tree-based modeling -human communication -state-labeled automata -abstracts reader -on-demand information extraction -knowledge engineering -noise -chinese corpus analysis -cass parser -robot navigation -cast3lb tag assignment -concreteness -phrase structtire -category hierarchy -cooccurrence smooihing -term distribution -object-oriented simulation -generic object recognition -phrase indexing -cross-language information gathering -knowledge-based reasoning -stochastic tree-adjoining grammar -feature normalization -push-down transducer -sequential optimization -speakerindependent speech recognition -modular communication -quantitative analysis -conversation management -syntax-based statistical machine translation -context-sensitive document glossing -unrestricted algorithm -template generation software -inter annotator agreement -recognizing contextual polarity -statistical machine-translation -statistical pattern recognition -editing -phological analyzer -operating system -dialogue length -semi-automatic extraction -dependency tree search -phrases extraction -term ranking -discourse understanding accuracy -capitalization restoration -data sharing -recall-oriented alignment -cfs subset evaluation -speech dialogue translation -voting scheme -target languages -direct association -boundary disambiguation module -subcategorisation frame extraction -semantic interpretation component -idiom recognition and translation -dynamic-programming search -unsupervised neural network learning -evaluation method -complement-predicate relation -categorial unification grammar -translation memory \ -heuristic combination -relevance calculation -orthographic search -f-structure mapping -semantic role chunking -well-nestedness constraint -hmm estimation -syntactic constituents -grammar checking -dialogue situation -graphical interface -shallow preprocessing -data-driven bottom-up automaton -metadata access -distribute message-passing infrastructure -pitch measurement -psycholinguistic experiment design -discrete observation system -case role assignment -sense disambiguator -penman text generation -task-oriented dialogs -computer documentation -servlet -natural deduction -metropolis-hastings algorithm -generative probabilistic optical character recognition ( ocr ) model -empirical noun compound interpretation -parse state -raw text corpus -synonymous collocation extraction -time mapping -attribute recording -quantifier inheritance principle -acquisition process -hispanic surname assignment -re-training -language engineering system -transition network parser -relation recognition-process -scatter storage -grammar processing computation -ocr research -graphic summarization -linguistic hypothesis -root word recovery -cf rule -corresponding training -part-of-speech distance -human translation -terminology acquisition -glossary item normalization -accentual phrase boundary -temporal structuring -entropy-based example selection -kappa test -rapid annotation -interactive question-answering -symbolic knowledge representation -name dialing -tutoring spoken dialogue -Mt output -confusion model -verb group recognition -turn segmentation -language classification task -predictive parsing -lasie approach -muc-style coreference resolution -muc-11 database -statistical addressee identification -wordnet mapping -knowledge construction and maintenance -target language realization -translation model training -static parsing -frame parsing -domain independent acoustic model -sentence variant -concept-based seeds -intersystem comparison -pragmatic inferencing -human-based translation -slant grammar calculus -semantic tractability -plural disambiguation -spectral-based clustering -grammatical fi'amework -rhetorical classification -predicates -chunk detection -me training -contextual word -hypotheses -broad-coverage natural language processing -katz back-off bigram estimation -sentence boundary detection -correlation -xtag system -discourse representation -seed words -interpretation -dictionary induction -error identification -c-value method -topic language model -grammaticality -non-monotonic reasoning -bilingual adaptation -online inquiry-based learning -incremental resolution -word-context-dependent word model -sort lattice -phrase composition -d-tree grammar -multi-class classification -example-based classification -segmentation-independent engineering -mbt pos tags -phrase translation -phrase reference -voice input facility -matrix language -computational lexicology -communications satellite -cky-algorithm -logistic regression model -category tagging -dialogue systems -corpus processing and analysis -auxiliary tree -contextual translation model -declarative knowledge -convolution tree kernel -training data -movement equation -infinitive expression -lazy evaluation -switchboard corpus -overlapping speech -domain-independent analysis -supervised segmentation -noun-phrase chunking -single reference translation -regression model -combination pattern matching -probabilistic term logic -polythetic coding scheme -dictionary maintenance software -sgml-oriented architecture -corpus processing -esperanto -unsupervised word segmentation -machine translation session -psf extractor -english penn treebank -history-based parsing -technical corpora -automatic lexicon acquisition -n-best rescoring -emacs editor -decision list learning -preposition disambigua -linear-time recognition -unigram model -principle component analysis -segmental intelligibility -name transliteration -digital hardware -edit term -partial template extraction -language analyzer and generator -automatic indexing -indicative multidocument summarization -shift detection -full indexing -sentence-based learning -modular development -cutoff pruning method -natural language processing -word-sequence prediction -word occurrence vector -pronoun detection and resolution -compound error recovery -corpus study -word-aligned corpora -role identification -human-aided clustering -benchmark tool -sonle segmentation -geoscience research -bilinguallexicon -gesture recognition -gesture tracking -answer type -morphological ambiguity -english parser -coverage analysis -formal grammars -longest-match replacement -training size -phrase retrieval -hypothesizing -recognition technology -second language learning -variable selection -incremental construction -muc-3 testset -question answering -knowledge base paradigm -noun filtering -test data -simultaneous invocation -senserelate algorithm -dom transliteration -detection approach -style assessment -modeling relatedness -tagging naodule -stochastic processing -class information -case adjunction -english-like tokenization -dictionary production -empty category detection -multimodal spoken language corpora -lsa approach -phrase learning -n-gram weighting -network search -augment transition network -single-grammar model -glue language deduction -verb phrase constituent -comprehension -wordform model -semi-automatic video annotation -compatibility checking -index term generation -boundary event detection -answer generator -target word selection -corpus design -log-likelihood ratio -affixes -environment linking -agreement-based co-training method -nominative case assignment -unigram matching -maximum entropy model -language ambiguity resolution -depth-first parsing -language parser and generator -time expressions -intonational description -chinese collocation -font style information -difference method -sequence modeling problem -characters -automatic segmentation -relative pronoun -viterbi decoding -morpheme estimation -english language -supervised system -statistical parsing system -block-based parsing -unsupervised pattern learning -inference engine -question interpretation -maximum entropy learner -corpus linguistics -wordnet stemmlug -language terminology -tokenization system -paradise evaluation -system output -german information retrieval -component performance -syntactic regularization -expansion-pruning -redundancy elimination -marker dictionary -processing tools -combinatory logic -speaker variation -language processing module -maximum-likelihood estimation -multilevel annotation -left-dislocation -query construction -framenet -weight updating -statistical machine translation tool kit -model-based training -italian meaning corpus -speaker adaptive training -probabilistic prediction -key prediction -language acquisition \ -word alignment adaptation -unit path -bilexical parsing -multimodal reference resolution -phrase structure parsing -backoff approach -random condition -english verb classes -rcc interpretation -linguistic tagging -syllable-based channel model -conceptual relation -systemic-functional grammar -restrictive segmentation -query condition -feature induction -hypothesis translation -argument-medial position -linguistic modeling -shallow syntactic analysis -shake-and-bake generation -human intervention -path-based inference -infbrmation retrieval -instance-based learning -wordspace -text structure -nonconstituent conjunction -spoken query processing -tableau -incremental dependency parsing -domain dependence -structure parsing -word frequency estimation -categorical relationship -tag estimation accuracy -domain-independent generation -feature set selection -synthesis -phonetic interpreter -art classi cation -multidimensional parsing -prediction task -query spelling -maximum entropy word alignment algorithm -chi-square test -event simulation -statistical decision theory -syntactic realizer -transformation rules -formal description -interactive query construction -fifa algorithm -relevance assignment -incremental translation -rule-reduction algorithm -computational implementation -finite-state transducers -story segmentor -committee-based decision making -bibliographic search -project-based learning -computer-human corpus -texture resolution -relevance derivation -head selection -unigram topic -lexical knowledge representation -hill-climbing -word filtering -evaluation test -subtree-to-rule conversion -syntagmatic similarity -natural language generation -web audio content -parts-ofspeech -grammar interpreter -semantic specification -phrase structure grammars -bunsetsu identification -clause combination -anaphora resolution and classification -predictive clustering -xerox corpus -graphemic parsing -table recognition -atis material -expectation propagation -suffix stripping -verb distribution -human interaction with datum source -paraphrase learning and generation -acoustic-phonetic information -document processor -monolingual textual entailment recognition -alignment monotonization -sub-categorization information -rule notation -instant messaging -montague-style semantic construction process -chinese compound -reformatting -berkeley framenet project -sequential sampling -cross-lingual retrieval -syntactic analysis or parsing -quadratic clustering -discriminative language modeling -automaton -navigation -nantc coefficient -polynomial kernel -n-grams -telic event -q-learning -model size reduction -entity recognition task -tokenizafion -beam-search strategy -memory -corpus-level extraction -reference planning -word length correction -loglinear interpolation -mesh headings -non-recursive text segmentation -entity recognizers -deletedestimation interpolation -free text retrieval -clause segmenting -natural-language access -human judgments -modifier -typed l-calculus -tag-based parser -word meanings -term combination -iscourse understanding model -dialogue analysis -noise reduction algorithm -link grammar -inheritance -head-automaton parsing -programming platform -predicate-argument transformation -formal model -phrasal composition -satellite television broadcaster -automated deduction -structured object model -machine learn -cluster-based summarization -multicategory classification -positive quantifier -chartparsing framework -coreference information -image and text understanding -multilingual grammar engineering -timesharing -learning-based segmentation -passive voice -computer literacy -2-fold cross validation -role extraction -syntax-semantics communication -alembic part-of-speech tagger -lexicon handling -entity tagger -multilingual dependency parsing -environmental normalization -information presentation -affect-detection module -two-pass n-best search strategy -text analysis -integer linear programming -penn treebank ii -programming framework -lexical disarnbiguation -tag-based generation -tree processing -multi-speaker broadcast transcription -word extraction method -persian -definitional question -generation process -english-to-korean transliteration -combination generation -em-based smoothing -cfg formalism -lexical smoothing -phrase polarity extraction -sense induction -token surface form -orthographic representation -surface syntactic composition -scope ambiguity -computer assistance -data-oriented generalisation -knowledge representation task -reason-maintenance -iterative reestimation -intonation research -word form generation -information clustering -ethology -biomedical term recognition -bit line configuration -causative\/inchoative alternation -event analysis -interactive argumentation system -unidirectional parsing -speech recognition evaluation -argument structures -cg syntax -pcfg pruning -window-based context -rm benchmark -reference sets -hmm model -meaning lattice -proximity score -anaphora reference -knowledge-based language processing -test corpora -large scale nlp -maximum liklihood -sgml processing -thread-safe unication -glossary-based translation -mandarin chinese tone -lhip -art concept discovery -template matching technique -crosslinguistic parsing -chat-style communication -finite state automata -information-theoretic feature weighting -self evaluation -penn treebank-style phrase-structure -exception-based learning -g2p conversion -paraphrase -word sense resolution -mutli-document summarization -constraint-based control mechanism -music information retrieval -system testing -transaction dialogue -fragmentation method -grammatical tagger -speech-to-speech dialogue -human inference -human annotator -distinctive feature matrix -summarization evmuation -case slot instantiation -profile-based paraphrasing -stochastic output selection -satellite recognition -vector distance calculation -english-chinese bitexts -auxiliary verbs -lexical cohesiveness -multimedia interface -features selection -content selection algorithm -segmental phoneme -learning program -word prediction -euphony -analysis tool -finite state transducer -attribute-value logics -semantics-directed parsing -listen-communicate-show ( lcs ) -cultural knowledge -search parameter -syntax tree construction -stylistic analysis -coreference resolution system -structuration software -lexicon acquisition -bag-of-words approach -word frequencies method -general-purpose constraint -bootstrapping classification -hillclimbing -term extraction -large training -utterance -case-baaed learning -hmm-based recognizer -synthesis quality -ada-boost -noise cancellation -two-phase parsing -training sample selection -discourse processing and presupposition -data sparseness problem -information retrieval paradigm -natural language content -passage extraction -discourse representation structures -syntax structure generation -speak multiparty dialogue -recursive parsing -reference realization -cocompositionality -non-canonical bottom-up parsing -segmentation lattice -word boundary ambiguity -sm feature selection -phonological-rule induction -selectional restrictions -finite-state pattern -multiple-document summarization -scoring model -human dialogue -attachment site -concept representation -subgraph construction problem -specialist lexicon -mathematical proof assistant -close-talking speech -proper noun chain -written interaction -dederivation -context vector matrix -statistical morphological analyzer development -hypothesis space -lexicai-functional grammar -senseval-2 English lexical sample task -automatic speaker identification -MT evaluation techniques -semcor corpus -phrasal syntax -programming mechanism -maxent part-of-speech -frame schema -c-free transducer -web-based reranking -text lexicon -bag-of-morphemes modeling -ne identification -ppi augmentation -rule language -language information system -n-gram model training -local pattern-matching -particle -confidence estimation -batch selection method -object labeling -type coercion -morphology model -topic inference -tlabt extraction -plpatr recognition -word segmentation bakeoff -basic mapping -question-biased term extraction -link clustering -context-free grainmar -speech signal -lexical markup framework -oracle word selection -syntactic segmentation -pos tag information -translation ambiguity resolution -word types -stop word list -taxonomic name -5-gram language model -top-down recognition -acoustic edge-detection -disambiguation system -gratnmar processing -comparative evaluation -automatic term extraction -word recognition \ -modeling language -foreign language learning -similarity-based clustering -factual knowledge -recognition algorithm -spelling recognition -analytic process -biomedical term classification -jaccard coefficient -speak language system domain -broad-coverage grammar -dependency control mechanism -probabilistic natural language processing -segmentation work -id rules -verb sense information -domain selection -text meaning representation -semantic-oriented approach -finite state model -spoken dialogue agent -word-based translation -bi-directional alignment -fledback query -trainable decision tree -gestural interpretation -requirements analysis -ie pattern induction -begin tag -evaluation corpora -gaussian prior -plan generation and recognition -iga -keyword search -english wsd -n-best sentence hypothesis -lexicographer -weakly supervised learning algo -foreign language dictionary -transitivity alternation -rule sequence -representation formalism -dependency treelet translation pair -verbal subcategoriation -biology knowledge -simplified chinese -ethnologue -parser-based language model -Lexical-Functional Grammars ( LFG ) -electronic mail system -syntactic parameter -management systems -supertag disambiguation -domain-independent text segmentation -information extraction ( ie ) system -entailment relation acquisition -linguistic resource development -reordering -automated subjectivity tagging -term indexing -feature-unification -semantic compatibility model -network deduction -text generation and summarization -clean speech database -emotion recognition -root-based clustering -regular expression -coherence modeling -map algorithm -author corpora -extended context-free grammar -english name tagging -collective content selection -entropy probability model -language understandng -speech identification -automatic morphology induction -phonetic realisation -assertional box -zero-anaphora resolution -lexical co-occurrence -bilingual terminology acquisition -muc scoring -Arabic information retrieval -machine transliteration -statistical phrase-based machine translation -semantics-based feature selection -report processing -smalltalk compiler -optimal generalisation -discriminative word alignment -string-realization -fdf hardware -kappa coefficient -rgraph construction -case restoration -lexical stress placement -semantic relation inference -distributed sentence comprehension -media allocation -vocational blended training material -author identification -predicate modification -low-level printing -polynomial time parsing -wml translation -hard problem -morpho-syntacticai information -sense clustering -between-word coarticulation -audio processing -risk estimation -alignment indication -speaking rate -human-human communication -speech transcription -sphinx2 speech recognition -document analysis -referent graph -similarity detection -language processing chain -definite description interpretation -question type -maximum-recall parsing -syntactic relation matching -automatic semantic text processing -shimbun corpus -language ansaysis -sentence segmentation -verb meaning -environment adaptation -data acquisition -inter-sentence similarity -monte carlo simulation -graph edit distance -library database -realisation algorithm -retrieval subsystem -root-node finder -heuristic-based clustering -peak explanation -gold test set -two-step extraction -hybrid word\/phoneme -shallow language structure -feature description -nlp-based information retrieval -coding scheme -control strategy -syntactic compositionality -forward selection -computer algorithm -treebank conversion -generation -phrasenet -multilingual summarization -part tagger -off-line optimization -fnp segmentation -metric computation -pattern-nlatchhlg nlethod -syllable segmentation -authoring tool -two-step word segmentation -natural language input -vowel melody morpheme -speech recognition or parsing -framenet classification -document abstracting -phonological parsing -chart parse -attentional state -boolean matrix multiplication -posterior probability -glass-box testing -structure anmyzing -inverted relation index -document sets -nombank srl -distance calculation -linear optimality theory -isl meeting corpora -development cycle -unsupervised feature selection -constraint acquisition -functional structure -subject-object identification -thai speech recognition -spatial attribute -dialog coherence -phonetic expansion -automated syntactic analysis -projective dependency parsing -n-ary classifier -automatic text classification -report planning -drs resolution -type inheritance -pattern-based information extraction -1000-word vocabulary -automatic authoring -desktop search1 engine -semantic input structure -stochastic modelling -link extension -np-detection \ -unrestricted text-to-speech -n-best grafting -partial string match -word selection -annotation projection -real-world knowledge -czech speech recognition -estimation procedure -dialogue system design -plan-based discourse understanding -heuristic acceleration -first-order statistical grammar -shortest-distance algorithm -skewed class distribution -svm approach -spelling model -meeting segmentation -latent semantic indexing -constituency-based grammar -linear regression -classifier algorithm -translation process -semantic association -biomedical research -sentence corpus -descriptive adequacy desideratum -font -rule validation -automated review rating -name finding -causality -summary writing -interactive document summarisation\/presentation -plural inflection -sentence-alignment -fragment-and-compose paradigm -word prediction and verification -jose mercury corpus -turn transition -structure-sharing mechanism -syntactic graph -rank correlation -number agreement -syntactical information -intelligence -top-down scope information -string analysis -arc -non-linguistic knowledge -automated summarization -vector space representation -shock graph -man-machine understanding -beam-search -luw-eiw tradeoff -dictionary term lookup -word linking -vocabulary recognition -data summarisation -apa corpus -dialog act decoding -cue occurrence -cross-lingual identification -vowel-annotated text -context-independent approximate word match -discourse annotation process -language unigram frequency -military logistical transportation planning -document reranking -nominals -dependency reconstruction -phrase termination -unsupervised dependency parsing -abstraction summarization -tiffs strategy -gemini natural language processing -full-text indexing -binning method -voice editing -focus detection -systematic research -ltag grammar extraction -genitiv -route planning -type parser -semantic conjecture -functional analysis -rst-based parsing -multi-participant dialog -domain-specific thesaurus -lexical-syntactic form -annotation aide -analysis -edge -language processiug -pos tagging problem -island processing -sense translation -unification technique -whole-part relation -interlingua representation -sc prediction -language processing technology -clause modification -n-best parsing -surface utterance -synonym set -unpacking parse -multiple predicate learning -theorem -english dependency -iterative reading -foundational ontology -catalan -emotional expression -english ie annotation -nl database -distributional similarity scheme -syntactic unit -prosodic modelling -culminated process -lexical chains construction -grammar-based bracketing -asr error correction -chinese news categorization -supervised model -resource-frugal approach -german corpus -similarity computation -syntactic category -two-stage packing\/unpacking -entity coreference -rhizomatic environment -rule-based loanword extraction -word count -optimal strategy search -coreference classifier -cutoff -probabilistic segmentation -interactive text retrieval -synchronous treeadjoining grammar -naturm language -sentence-level discourse structure -macro debugging -svm implementation -English sentence structure -inversion procedure -mhz pentium processor -cyclic structure -user relevance feedback -statistical ranking -citizen-to-administration interaction -sentence level stress -distributed grammar development -dg paraphrasing -verbal predicate -context vector -stack-valued feature -line splitting and justification -pseudoword-based evaluation -explicit word boundary -word classification -context processing -3d animation renderer -meronym -entailment -geographic information -object class -reasoning mechanism -speech interaction -maximal answer -grammar maintenance -1-nearest neighbor cbl -mixture order -bioscience text -field extraction -segment retrieval -definition generation process -automated question answering -event generation -k-means training -recursive-search -reading comprehension -query-dependent summarization -natural language software -counting scheme -information mapping -natural evaluation -standard arabic -participant role detection -lr table -corpus windowing -belief propagation -boolean matrix -errordetection -statistical system -adaptative statistical language modeling -term-formation -ccg category -machine learning techniques -multi-article summarization -xtag english grammar -term translation -randomized graph-clustering -bi-directional parsing -em bootstrapping -n-gram estimation -cover search -inquery system -the document understanding -stein method -document clustering and projection -infoprmation distribution -linear ordexing -comlex -deep lexical acquisition -x_bar -hebrew treebank -boundary recognition -part-of-speech induction -english candidate translation -sentence tokenization -back-off parameter -citation information -audio indexing -wsj tagging -plagiarism detection -pos bigram -personal experience -learning schema -word association -automatic performance evaluation -lexical dependency parsing -syntactic categories -silnulatcd annealing -openwindows calendar manager -multitiered nonlinear morphology -ie pattern acquisition -stream-based information retrieval -lexicalized structure -short answer analysis -typeface selection -lemma-tag representation -linguistic string parser -formal theory -linguistics-based technique -speech synthesiser -function parsing -prefixspan pruning -syntactic frame -tag sequence grammar -czech corpus -approximate string match -penn-treebank -linguistic feature -sense assessment -korean sejong treebank -n-best word segmentation -functional unification grammars -tag disambiguation -character clustering -background knowledge development -temporal expression analysis -mental model -tag -stochastic tree-to-tree transducer -noun classifier associations -spread activation -topic indexing -extraction evaluation -logic-based grammar -similarity metrics -m-th order Markov chain model -backtracking parsing -nonhierarchical clustering -constituents lexicon -tree adjoining grammars -crawling -sentence ambiguity -speech recognit -waripiri -word meaning -hypertext navigation -discourse-level inference -analysis assignment -segmentation tool -subject drop -turbulence signal -type induction -generalization hierarchy -probability redistribution -wordtranslation -probability reranking -argument identification performance -similarity-based estimation -training samples -statistical phrase generation -selection operator -randomization test -question segmentation -tile neuro tagger -probabilistic optical character recognition -corpus-based research -translation table -information extraction -language interpretation and understanding -real-time speech understanding -automatic text processing -relation detection -spelling checker -motif detection -heuristic test selection -dictionary -visual processing -language generation program -sentence-plan-ranker ( spr ) -training scoring -phonological information -kernel pca model -separation margin -ntcir1 tmrec test collection -focus assignment system -discourse referent -fiat matching -conversation -ne phrase extraction -anaphora planning -monolingual ucg -n-gram language model -linear order -unification-based lexicalism -automatic conversion -noun sequence extraction -synthetic noise -weka -beam-search parsing -global phrase extraction -accent -ace entity detection -partial tagger -client-server communication -spanish-english training corpora -syntactic level -sentence parsing -map training -incremental grammar -lpc synthesis -summary coherence -language processing space -finite-state grammar induction -em gaussian initialization -bayesian subnet -constituent -bmm checking -pragmatic meaning -arabic text -generative modelling -progressive meaning -genetic progranmfing -top-down comparison -bilingual bracketing -anaphora resolution algorithm -goi-taikei ontology -kolmogorov complexity -aspectual corpus analysis -wsd neural network -principled learning -beam search recognition -propositional representation -probability density function -gaussian mixture models -pitch tracking -cortmo telecommumcauon -word adjacency information -aligned parallel corpus -retrieval query -generalised iterative scaling -error identification and recovery -long distance constraint -expression searching -subject-verb inversion -analogical translation -two-fold cross-validation -set membership -language interpretation -word sense disamblguation -parallel text processing -opennlp package -logical formula -pruning threshold -documentation generator -multi-engine machine translation -cache -markov modelin g -enquiry processing -adverb type information -exp-loss function -interoperability -words -linguistics research -appropriate compression model -classification accuracy -graphical representation -annotation support -ccg realization -asr stop-list -verb class ambiguity -word dictionary -japanese ellipsis resolution -semantic role detection -tree deletion -distribution-based clustering -lexical chains -sql query -phonotactic model training -rst discourse treebank -information-extraction -bottom-up local multisequence alignment -string edit distance -well-formed substring -atis treebank -case role value -concept definition \ -feature covariation -context articulation -e-k alignment -inter-annotator agreement -activity decay -sinica corpus -causative-inchoative alternation -kb server -parallel bilingual corpus -formal language notation -inference path -conditional expression -sense annotation algorithm -confidence scoring -spoken language dialogue -greedy algorithm -pruning performance -lexical cohesion recognition -template translation model -objective translation -case-slot gapping -mixture weight adaptation -tagging algorithm -semantic head-driven generation -segmentation problem -model integration -constraint prvpagation -rule pattern -lexical chain algorithm -querycollectionlndex -natural language processing applications -hard-clustering -reading comprehension system -corpus refinement -case grammar -query translation -definite clause grammar -error localization -noisy channel -hits induction -speaker identity -contextual search -linguistic option evaluation -chart parsing -wsd evaluation methodology -object-oriented modeling -nuance toolkit -representation technology -table addressing -event identification model -web pages -meaning representation -titech corpus -qa process -entity-oriented language definition -paradigm extension -human judgement -search pruning -weighted automata -syntactic relationship -cross-document coreference -genre classification -lexicon pruning -sentence disambiguation -saturation -glcm parameter estimation -context-free language recognition -free-running text -sequential computer -text structure similarities -probability reestimation and interpolation -corpus-based supervised machine learning -searching -preposition -m-gram decoding -leaf -combinational logic -pashto -annotation graphs -multilingual document authoring -selnantic-based transfer -inferring finite-state -automatic coreference resolution -pp alignment -error recovery handler -reference model -nlp knowledge base -probabilistic finite-state -cml optimization -formal logic -loose segmentation -automatic corpus correction -annotating information structure -intercoder agreement -graph unillcation -protein name recognition -semantic role label -cross-language analysis -similaritymeasure -functional surface word -foreign language training -content-model-based summarization -sentence-level anaphora -generalized hebbian algorithm -information mining -cross-language resource projection -rule-learuing -fine-grained scoring -human reader scoring -goodness-of-fit test -training text -domain ontology -element bracketing -evolutionary computing -guided search idea -coordinate conjunction -sparse data problem -finite state machines -kernel evaluation -term subset coupling -decision list -monotonic translation -pp-attachment ambiguity -tikhonov regularization -fluent communication -bitext word alignment -large-scale treebank-creation -clusters identiflcation -coarse word sense -category level -text-based information retrieval -full-text document retrieval -rule implementation -proper noun ontology -extra-linguistic communication -dialogue modelling -grammar processing +knowledge editing +lfg lexicon lookup +homomorphism +general-to-specific learning +spoken document categorization +multilingual information exchange +arabic stemmer +constraint propagation algorithm +token processing +IBM Models 1-2 +semi-supervised learning +simultaneous speech +theoremhood +phonetic-based scoring +slot-filling schemata +time complexity +standard grammar textbook +principled feature selection +iexical acquisition +svm classifier +dynamic splitting +structure-sharing +cascaded chunking parsing +pre-discourse meaning +bottom-up approach +bigram distribution modelling +korean language +case particle +subject-object relation +dependency parsing +prosody +stochastic model +addressee prediction +domain-independent question answering +categorisation research +referent disambiguation +phrasal analysis program +parser-based approach +word-extraction +relation matching +ohsumed dataset +finite-state dependency parser +distributional analysis \ +knowledge storage +likelihood reestimation +projection +kpca-based model +look-ahead probability +automata induction +language generation +feature-value pair +source language text +knowledge representation structure +regression trees +phrase-based statistical machine translation +word reordering problem +multi-document fusion +semantic grammar +microsoft speech recognition +phrase clustering +gear rule-writing language +incremental acquisition +accident modelling +topic suspension and resumption +interactive query +metadata detection +ontology-based inference +past participle +topic shift detection +text summarisation system +information extraction and retrieval +multiple-output conversion +statistical alignment +speech tag +large vocabulary speech recognizer +vector normalization +pragmatic interpretation +term classification +parameter pooling +reuters corpus +speech act identification +learning module +phoneme string +tim sentence +chi-square statistic +length-based sentence alignment +discourse deictic anaphora +database lookup +term derivation +trec evaluation +statistical parser +phrasal reordering +subcategorization category +regularization framework +caseframe network +Japanese patent claim sentence +noun prediction +muc-5 joint-venture domain +lfg parsing +transformation scheme +concurrency +best-first clustering coreference +sequential rule application +interlanguage level models +quantifier logic +record linking +comparative study +atis corpora +linguistic knowledge customization +lambek calculus +learning techniques +data-intensive knowledge management +tree-adjoining grammar parsing +mixed initiative interaction +conjugate gradient search +entity-oriented parser +feature selection and extraction +word detection +lexical choice process +auditory-type modeling +syntactic mismatch +coherence model +parsing scheme +identification task +long terminal repeat +tile word graph +electronic mail +english corpus +chinese lexical +tree path +corpus-based training +semantic computation +verb attachment +lexemic syntax +functional evaluation +document collections +entity recognition +document representation +compound analysis +sense identification +feature selection criterion +expectation maximisation +knowledge-based categorization +natural dialogue +japanese corpus +binary classiflcation +segmentation dictionary +pattern recognition +feedback selection +real-time translation +automatic speech processing +muc task +symbolie learning +communicative goals +interactive clarification +resource sensitive logic +market basket analysis +udrs construction +shortest-path extraction +embedded programming +main clause +discovery system +beamsearch +finite-state transducer inference +segmental neural nets +rasp-based feature extraction +literal type +constraint satisfaction \ +morphology analysis +thematic structure +lambda conversion +homophone +language parsing and generation +nominalization +supervised learning schema +probability recomputation +basenp chunking +genus term +flat classification +knowledge-based machine translation +maximum entropy approach +heuristic parse +mean-shift region segmentation +concept-based analysis system +top-down parsing +top-down algorithm +multi-lingual information summarization +baum-welch forward-backward training +text-tospeech +out-of-vocabulary word recognition +pronominal anaphora resolution module +skeletal syntactic structure +network graph +rule-based translation system +cross-document coreference resolution +poisson distribution +finite-state tagging +top-down classification +exhaustive parsing +iterative design +treebank transduction +object oriented programming +one-anaphora resolution +semantic index +multilingual query interpretation +fragmenter module +modern standard arabic +shift-reduce parser +me modeling framework +unconstrained optimization +annotated newspaper text +perceptual map +word sense discovery +surface form restoration +phoneme recognizer +closed-set text-independent speaker identification +qa research +spoken lecture processing +concept abstraction +learning morpho-lexical probabilities +aggregation strategy +language understandin g +hearstpatternsforinstance-classrelation +scalar irrtplieature +encyclopedia text +hands-on training +ie method +data integration +list detection +syntactic priming +indefinite reference +dialogue context +constraint-based approach +qa system +basque +bilingual textalignment +ranking scheme +constraint-acquisition +representation schemata +syntactic transformation +English phrase +dataprocessing +symbolic manipulation +translation schemata +co-reference resolution +holder agreement +semantic reranking +word-trie +deductive restructuring +large technical text corpora +marker selection +quasi-destructive unification +statistical answer pinpointing +tense transposition +pattern generator +linear time algorithm +language generation and understanding +intelligent search +lc parsing algorithm +learning process +sequence matching +translation equivalent +preposition combination +hybrid disambiguation +communication device +candidateranking +cross-language processing +phrase combiner +gene ontology +genitive form +hinoki treebank +lexicologist +semantic role +message selection +scope bearing +damsl annotation scheme +chinese-english mt +performance enhancing +raising-verb adjunction +dictionary maintenance +loom knowledge representation +arabic ocr error correction +semantic language modeling +words recognition +instance extraction +grammar-based recognition +honorific genitive case marker +e-k transliteration model +mediated priming +acoustic signal +domain-independent text categorization +syntactic conversion +english part-of-speech +statistical parsers +cfs unification +distance extraction +ranked candidate list +hpsg parse disambiguation +parameter-independent learning +statistics-based alignment +context-free recognition +context understanding +natural language disambiguation +information extraction system +relative frequency +phrase boundary detection +smt algorithm +phrase level +relation-sense selection +abbreviations +question answering and summarization +pronunciation competence +sentence ranking +component interchangeability +game playing +sgml mark-up +sequence decoding +thesaurus +citation extraction and analysis +pseudo-clefting +spoken interface control +sls development +covariance matrix ~ +natural language programming +annotated corpora +baseline performance +conjunction operator +treebank parser +user-initiated clarification +artiiicial intelligence research +n-gram feature selection +bigram training +word spotting +text summarization and synchronization +principle-based theory +linear function approximation +forward match +yasmet me package +topic detection +non-parametric switching +deterministic parser +key phrase expansion +structured query +narrative understanding +sublanguage extraction +candidate selection +head word selection +sentential conjunction +thematic cohesion +ontological semantics +static reordering +string similarity +phrase boundary heuristics +glos annotation +human\/machine interface +keyphrase finding +tm system +system dialogue act +keyword-based document retrieval +rule-based model +meta language +probability estimation +acoustic score +complex word +hungarian orthography +tone learning +constraint-grammar system +multilingual natural language processing system +forward-connection +sanskrit syntax +pruning bigram +sentential parsing +deep analysis +well-formed formula +candidate elimination +routine counting +kappa statistic +constraint compilation +sectioning information +japanese-to-english translation +left-context checking +news corpus +generation model +gene normalization +similarity function +event calculus +em training +commentary understanding +rating system +cue phrase information +ranking candidate +dependency grammar +cnn segmentation performance +perplexity measure +bagging +computational linguistics evaluation +entropy-minimization approach +loopy belief propogation +compound noun segmentation +cross-validation methodology +anaphora generation +unsupervised relation extraction +Mt +model adaptation +kl-one representation language +combinatorial lexicology +project-and-integrate learning +relational notation +scope-ambiguity +web page +psm adaptation +frame instantiafion \ +protein information resource +atn grammar +risk minimization principle +tableaux system +phrase identification +unification morphology +planning dialogues +sense resolution +japanese dependency +semantic lexicon +crfs +real-time signal processing +generative lexicalized statistical parsing model +text ellipsis +memory space +sentence compression +multex +verb class disambiguation +sentence processing mechanism +hpsg parsing +text grammar +segmenter\/tokenizer +hmm recognition system +tree-adjoining grammar +generation lexicon +rule construction +supervised alignment combination +concept hierarchy +word lemmata +conventional sense +sociolinguistics +solution synthesis +skeleton binarization +tile similarity +english cs-case-parser +context assignment +sentence-structure analysis +structuring +kanji information dictionary +synt-tag +word-trigram recognition +grammar coverage +minimal acyclic finite state automaton +phone recognition +structurally-induced aggregation +morpho-syntactic tagging +genitive marker +bionlp +k-medoids method +meeting context +lexically distributed grammar +data translation +information content induction +exact match +lexical rule application +accuracy calculation +learned qualia +terminal substring parse +system training and development +node projection +biomedical text +internet +addressee identification +text-level anaphora +headcorner parsing +exponential time +human-annotated corpora +context-free parser +prosodic phrasing +word recognition model +constraint agent +semantic text processing +question answering applications +word resolution +document pre-processing +linear interpolation +emotion +document-level classification +break prediction +grammar engineering +tableaux +ie evaluation +japanese-english translation task +unlexicalized parsing +image processing +frame evaluation +numeric relaxation +structural extraction +discourse knowledge +wordnet domains +question answering research +authorship verification +assignment procedure +multi-document summarization +word-sense disambiguating +preference resolution +gold-standard dependency structure +tree-structured search +information retrieval clusters +syntactic-semantic grammar +keyword-based query expansion +small vocabulary isolated word recognition +syntactic patterns +semcor +semanticmarker +annotated treebank +treebank evaluation +corpus analysis +buffer +news recognizer +noun phrase extraction +inference approach +prefix probability computation +hybrid naive bayes +shallow parser +sentence splitting +topic segmentation +user interface research +audio navigator +corpus-based language learning +generative morphology +foreign language tutor +multimodal categorial grammar +proficiency estimation +information infrastructure +translation selection +non-deterministic automata +coordinated conjunction +term specificity and similarity +prosodic feature extractor +higher-level dialogue structure +word hit +segment spotting +repair identification +existential quantification +attachment principle +category-driven processing +delexicalisation +abstract strncture +discourse marker usage +word formation rules +corpus-based natural language processing method +bfgs training +word perplexity +defeasible reasoning +number matching +chinese text processing +language resource utilization +lfg f-structure annotation +deranged type detection +semantic markers\/selection restriction +maximum-likelihood probability +inside-outside re-estimation +frame acquisition +data structures +bilingual corpora alignment +noun segmentation +rhetorical relations +proportional voting +translation prototype +dp algorithm +optimisation technique +situation semantics +peak detection +collocation probability +expert human translation +diphone synthesis +suboptimal n-best weight estimation +constraint solving +recursive replacement +text analysis and generation +ad-hoc retrieval +deductive-inference +keyword translation +cohesive knowledge +wordclass information +human parsing system +heterogeneousness +rhetorical structure theory +technology +advice generation +grammar generation +syntactic information +knowitall +information state structure +uniform resource name +exponential model +domain-specific vocabulary +sentence-extraction summarization +probability value +lexical expansion +biased sampling +holder detection +referent identification +corpus-level relation extraction +why2-atlas +automated theorem-provin ~ +joint decoding +class discovery +tagged corpus +automatic question answering +generator +clustering method +syntactic phrase generation +chinese named entity recognition +elr parsing +latent dirichlet allocation +optimization method +rule-based machine translation +transfer component +dl-em algorithm +target language string +phonetic query expansion +discourse level +clinical e-science +feature analysis +arabic-english named entity translation +path growing +one clustering +bidirectional translation +free word order +token frequency +inference system +smoothing weight estimation +bayes constituent combination +probability transition matrix +rule template +vietnamese word +subject extraction +robot motion +tree classification +diagnostic evaluation +description refinement +grammatical knowledge acquisition +unlabeled dependency parsing +rim analysis +content characterization +self-training +automated score prediction +example-based learning +tree bank +grammatical relations +lexical organization +fuzzy term matching +word generation +non-verbal cue identification +audio\/tactile access +example-based mt +syntactic head +sequence classification +parameter search +limiteddomain speech +log-linear training +winner-take-all mechanism +synchronous multistack search +qualitative user evaluation +two-pass decoding +caseframe-based parsing +broadcast news audio +dependency path +named entity extraction +restriction rules +computer security +summariesa +nonlinear kernel pca +neighborhood density +web-based computer-assisted academic writing +location information +music understanding +sub-tree +zero topic assignment +co-occurrence relation +parameterselection +decision-tree +translation equivalents +hypergeometric co-citation +genetic algorithm +tempmrary storage +corrective training procedure +terminology extraction +native from non-native language essay +transfer mappings +successive learner +disambiguation processing +caller id +mar support and development +semantic distance measurement +power law model +language matching +classi cation task +lcsr +keyboard input +unpacking approach +memory-based recollection +empty nodes +norm +final state +phonetic decoding +word discovery +unknown-word detection +relative frequency count +one-dimensional error minimization +linguists +phrase structure description +quantitative selection +noise deletion +substitutional similarity +classi er conversion +combined classifier +intelligibility +situation calculus +knowledgebases +sound learning +controlled language generation +t-oricnted grammar model +implicit dates recognition +semantic role annotation +si recognition +word-sense discrimination +left corner derivation +chart realization +lsa-based essay grading +dependency model +style classification +animacy\/gender recognition +synchronous parse tree +October '91 dry-run test set +collocation frequency +document representation strategy +random sele ction +phrase mapping +pattern pruning +prior +language annotation +arabic-english translation task +hierarchical framework +human language generation +general world knowledge +recogition +automatic semantic role labeling +time-series analysis +automata +essay assessment system +bunsetsu +case selection +categorial type +nomad +semantic knowledge acquisition +word pair grammar +co parsing +distance measurement +statistical decoder +word class discovery +inflectional variation +text annotation +continuous speech +stopword list +mit atis ( air travel information service ) system +hological analysis +biological sequence alignment +k-means style exchange +lazy learning +inter-class inertia +sentence clustering +english conversation corpora +rule-based machine +asr transcript +automatic text summarization +multi-level bootstrapping +semantic class information +second-language instruction +relation hierarchy +verifiable theorem-proving +keyword association ratio +generalized quantifier research +search technology +boundary detection \ +wsj dataset +test collection +language recognizer +pos-based model +penn treebank parsing +log-linear model +user interface toolkit +backoff translation +language engine +recall-based evaluation +bootstrapping technique +representation system +lexical resource management +armphora resolution +intelligent thresholding +language model selection +translation equivalent selection +entropy markov model +content-based indexing +graphical model +ps rule formalism +temporal structure +biomedical literature +backward-presupposition +context-based parser +data conversion +pitch range assignment +model interpolation +sentence-to-sentence alignment +feature detector +anaphora tracking +constituent boundary pattern +binary adjacency matrix +semantic classes +interclausal reordering +time map model +dialogue model +linguistic parser +automatic adaptation +bottom-up best-first probabilistic chart parser +multimedia application +morphology-based disambiguation +cognitive grammar +extra-sentential reference +loglinear +hebrew np chunks +bilingual correspondence +ontology-based approach +pronominal element +language production and understanding +mainframe computer +hierarchical lexica +static separation +heuristic solution +cfg compilation +web-based bootstrapping +semantic type consistency +constraint solver +paraphrase classification +semantic orientation extraction +parsing strategy +interactive processing +syntactic error correction +features extraction +named-entity detection +semantic equivalence determination +graph rescoring +overlapping clustering algorithm +phonotactic distance +arabic-english translation +laplacian eigenmaps embedding +dialogue modeling +document plan +first-pass matching +monolingual bootstrapping algorithm +object-oriented programming +n-best beam search +penman +benchmark system +two-stage modeling +hidden markov modeling +name entity +sitspec +entity types +metaphorization +svm ranking +llsf mapping +team scoplng +associative retrieval +synchronous context-free grammars +correspondence estimation +convex optimization +intersentential anaphor resolution +parsing technologies +constituent pruning +classifying tools +hmm-based model +affix +nested noun +partial instantiation +acoustic recognition +summary generation +sign model +online question answering +interpretation system +dialogue state +ss unification +good-turing smoothing +extraction application +conjoined noun phrase +collaborative planning model +estimation-maximization algorithm +instance pruning +two-step generation +automated parsing +rs tree +text compression +self-contained transliteration model +semantic rules +fuzzy set +automatic optimization +registered sentence retrieval +semantic tags +inactive chart +negation operator +iterative segmentation\/estimation +tree-based alignment +markov decision process +compound noun indexing +document browsing +sense disambiguation +interactive machine translation +a constraint-based approach +ne extractor +adaptation +english sentence +grapheme-based syllabification +speaker-independent continuous spelling task +named-entity labeling +microchip fabrication +between-language variation +concordance tool +contrastive stress +semantic inference approach +class tagging +input mismatch +n-best alternative transcription +statistical learning theory +transliteration model +left-coruer bottom-up parsing +rhetorical structure +eager unification +iterative development +word\/non-word disambiguation +wordclass tagger combination +statistical technique +semantic scattering +j-e translation +n-gram segmentation +binding +ovis grammar +natural language interpretation +knowledge representation scheme +signal-processing +database algorithm +accessing data +lexical feature +knowledge management system +word dependency +probabilistic lexicon +left-corner parsing +sentence comprehension and production +structural alignment +active learning +morphological analysis software +knn +maximum weighted bipartite matching +dynamic programming string-alignment +class determination +pairedness +sentence reduction +object-oriented implementation +distributed grammar +typographical errors +information gathering +da modeling +template construction\/instantiation +rhetorical rdation +smart search +evaluation task +chart walk +finite-state pattern-matching +non-contrastive negation +decision tree induction +tile derivation tree +well-formed sentence +non-parametric kernel +unrestricted text +partial grammar acquisition +horn logic program +automatical parameter selection +generative probability model +collaborative learning environment +source interval projection +dictionary construction system +attentional focus +probability interpolation +phrase linking grammars +feature-based test +feature structures +euroword-net top ontology +document-level evaluation +on-line documentation +extraction system architec +constrained summarization +blind deconvolution +multilingual information processing +thinking machines +verb string +answer mining +noun compound anmysis +stylistic information +language model performance +subject-verb disagreement +sl segmentation +distributive reading +cart-style decision tree +speaker ' intention +hobbs referent-ordering +dg-based evaluation +whole word morphology +clustering +worst-case complexity analysis +language-dependent knowledge +automatic recognizer +candc tagger +text-generation system +recognition memory +elman network +answering functionality +qualitative spatial constraints +metrical phonology +n-best paradigm +dialogue game board +earley state +text classi cation +domain interpretation +structure pattern +predictive question +back-propagation learning +text parser +char +essay assessor +context group discrimination +earley algorithm +tree-rewriting system +human-like learning +original document +structural search +meta-linguistic processing +structural weighting +manual translation +classifier-based parser +stochastic process +tile grammar +representative text corpus +character processing +algorithm +subject-based similarity +spontaneous scheduling task +turkish language modeling +intra-ontological similarity +sphinx-ii +web browser +detection rate +model learning environment +mh parsing +semantic relation extraction +constrained optimization +speech input +automatic parse-based evaluation +clustermg +communicative act +korean language processing +cg generation +ranking learning +dn detection +semantic research +magnitude estimation technique +statistical left-corner parser +cognate identification +ir engine +japanese dependency structure +semantic feature tagging +nlp analysis +word-to-word alignment +redundancy removal +nl analysis +maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation +q learning +gold standard test +query-focused single document summarization +surface-level analysis +processing paradigm +clarification dialogue +frame representation +confidence value calculation +model optimization +knowledge acquisition method +lightly-supervised text classification +language disambiguation problem +probabilistic chart parsing +linguistic phenomena +machinc learning +pattern notation +natural-language parsing +paraphrase generation +fact retrieval +character encoding +information-technology +term frequency +synonym resolution +headcomplement +interactive visual\/auditory annotation +computing machinery +all-words sense disambiguation +confidence +abduction framework +analysis grammar +induction learning +noun phrase parsing +web information extraction +ml estimation +network configuration +argument-final position +tree formatting +error repairing +history analysis +homographic noun class agreement +IBM statistical MT system +process +local model parameter +phrase smwture grammar +beam-search pruning +destructive unification +clause formation +voting system +translation rules +llp2 parser +unsupervised language acquisition +number-person agreement +pragmatic knowledge +class-based grammar lexicalization +paragraph clustering +lexical hierarchy +letter matching +semi-automatic lemmatization +pairwise clustering +name-matching +wordnet verb classes +japanese sentences +end-of-sentence detection +french corpus +robot +gr assignment +relative word order +automatic closed caption alignment +non-contiguous phrase +advertisement management +statistical natural language generation +nonlinear morphology +chart parsing system +Wall Street Journal treebank +parslng sy-stem +large german newspaper corpus +idiomatic text word +sentence reduction problem +semantic constraint projection +lfg annotation +adaptive string similarity +np definiteness +quantificational force +lexical unit +tie-up relationship +fkr-o knowledge representation +multimedia technology +domain-specific terminology +company name recognition +segment duration +syntax-based alignment +sentence voice +prediction technique +tree schema +grammar generation and evaluation +uncertainty correlation coefficient +weighted determinization +automatic speech recognizer +linguistic correctness +wordnet verb synsets +coreference annotation and resolution +orthographic structure +lexicalism +multi-document summarization task +hebrew corpus +hmm tagger +open source software +web graph +knowledge-intensive approach +systematic polysemy +semantic information +np coordination +non-disambiguated alignment +text modification +context model +semantical classification +quasi-newton optimisation +multinomial distribution method +title generation +structural model complexity +negative feedback +md error correction +coreference annotation +unsupervised wsd system +cantonese speech synthesis +sinhala grapheme-to-phoneme conversion +data set +probability parameter estimation +branching trees +likelihood-based clustering +reconstruction engine +event tracking +sister-head model +neural network generation +context-free chart-parsing +first hit +classifier-based generation +dictionary learning +atis +lexical prefereuce +multimodal understanding +mmlsd estimator +full-text machine translation +hmm csr +version maintenance and retrieval +cooper storage +hyponyms +technical writing +bracket predictor +hyponymy +fail-soft analysis +skolem function +translatiun system +analogical matching +address-believability +contrastive estimation +structure natural language datum +verb arguments +cky parsing +compound preposition +large database +organization names +widrow-hoff algorithm +language learning +tile concept hierarchy +compression corpus +iterative alignment +probability reweighting +conditional likelihood +symbols +general structure learning +discrete optimization problem +extraction systems +pronoun +frame +pharmaceutical news archive +cubic parsing +input analysis +constraint resolution +garden-pathing +relation selection +translation detection +discriminative re-ranking +iterative clustering +conexor functional dependency parser +lattice rescoring +syntactic parse tree +internet search +switchboard dialogue +alphabet-to-korean alphabet conversion +alias recognition +implicit confirmation +finite complementizer +tag restriction +lob corpus +natural lan ~ age analysis +definite noun +comparable document +thai character +dialogue initiative +geographical reasoning +addressee classification +re-ranking performance +word-spotting +tag matching +asian language text +mandarin speech recognition +information exchange +event category +message passing +analogical modelling algorithm +constraint violation +glr context-free parsing algorithm +query training +statistical learning +extensible multimodal annotation +parse datum +coherence +prolog definite clause grammar +finite state network +stochastic grammar induction +text type +coherence checking +frame structure +dependency structures +discourse act +parse reranking problem +boundary disambiguation +document linkage +ccg generation +thematic roles +semantic consistency +spoken language systems +identity uncertainty +multi-language named-entity recognition +knowledge management support +speech recognition hypothesis ( srh ) +unsupervised grammar induction +lexical query language +grammar development system +empty category recovery +semantic taxonomy +lexicalized content description +target string +patterns +euclidean space +concurrency of computation +mallet system +planning algorithm +airtravelinformationservice +supersort +linguistic phenomenon +predictive performance +concept search +grammar rules +hyponym acquisition +web +term selection and weighting +mt system +entailment detection +word relatedness +discussion summarization +single-sentence analysis +partsof-speech +classi er +evaluation metrics +target language text +candidate ranking +language genenttion and authoring +document manager +topic parsing +mwe detection +morphological synthesis +probabilistic parameter reestimation +language science +direct orthography mapping +tree structured stacks +negra corpus +statistical techniques +language model quality +generation grammar +xml terminology +pronoun resolution classifler +kyotodaigaku text corpus +recognition +lsa-based clustering +answering agent +metarules +selection rule +mixture weight estimation +role identification and classification +biology +context-free formalism +arabic corpora +search server +sentences composition +cross-language phoneme distance +adverb +part-of-speech prediction +log-probability maximization +relational hyperlinking +heuristic rules +constraint grammars +language model retrieval +isomorphic grammar method +multivariate analysis +japanese named entity extraction +modelin g +keyword-based concept detection +greedy merger +automatic pronunciation +audio browsing +word separation +ranking function +resource-light broadcoverage mt +danish dependency treebank +abduction-based natural language understanding +hiyan aishawi processing +loopback mechanism +voted perceptron +sense distinction +semantic cooccurrence +treten +identifier handling +bigram +complex feature structure +topological space +modality identification +mdl principle +tutorial dialogue system +management mechanism +linear discriminant analysis +automatic rule-learuing +verbal communication +set-valued indeterminacy +dutch language technology +text-to-text retrieval +syntactic corpus +frame matching +chunk information +transliteration candidate +head-argument-relation +lmr tagging +task performance +parser transferring +named entity prediction +discriminative hmms +gmm parameter +tree subtraction +supervised adaption +database search +entropy +presupposition projection +phrase-based unigram model +artificial language +cosubordination-based disambiguation +parser generator +summarizer +high-performance web-mining +text planning module +linguistic introspection +database management +large test data +noun resolution +monologue +fusion operation +language induction +quantitative evaluation +information space +dialogue act classifier +frame definition and annotation +anaphoric expression choice +weight learning +verb classes +selective alignment +internet archive +weighted-majority learning +easy parsing +unsupervised lexical category acquisition +ill huge learning corpora +database management system +semantic memory +word-counting +article generation +loss function +dependency graph +approximate parsing +regression algorithm +objective selection +idiomatic usage +phrase structure rule +segmental duration +property instance extraction +functional grammars +software module +concurrent , object-oriented natural language parse +boundary friction +qarla evaluation +blind testing +blocking +root node +paxt-of-speech tagging +image analysis and recognition +maptask corpus +unsupervised algorithm +tree transformation +contingent substitutability +sequential finite state device +retrieval system +kos framework +document content and structure +lexicology +lexical co-occurrence information +answer interpretation +duden grammar +learning-based coreference system +verb identification +credit card corpus +sense enumeration +post-translation expansion +multilingual cluster summarization +prepositional subcategorization +automatic paraphrase generation +multilingual text-to-speech system +word class information +word-based correction +first order logic +closed caption alignment +surface analysis +plan processor +score propagation +personal information database +noise compensation +rule-based mapping +discourse context +natural language sentence +english basenp chunking +markov random fields +questions answering +grammatical knowledge +large training corpora +right node raising +mce criterion training +dependency relations +text processing software +visual-haptic interface +discourse organization +resource management speech database +heuristic rule +arabic document categorization +stringent chaining +global transliteration modeling +spontaneous input +unsupervised speech mining +probabilistic recognition +document expansion +sitg parsing +semantic relation +role labelling +bell number +alignment probability +sense merging +dynamic programrrdng +verb mapping +augmented relational structure +semantic interpretation accuracy +statistical translation +verb stem +isomorphic grammar +type derived-word +relation-driven skimming +first-order reasoning +monolingual text generation +alignment learning +tag sequence probability +annotation effort +lvq algorithm +term-based retrieval +sentence decomposition +nugget-based assessment +lanfuaoe understandinf +focus marking +homonym +statistical speech recognition +group-rating matrix +discourse situation +reading tracking +index parsing +limited-domain speech +sentence boundary determination +tactical generation +logic notation +smoothing-by-similarity +log-linear ( maximum-entropy ) models +automatic answer selection +approximate reasoning +conscientiousness +two-level tree +automata construction +transformational grammar recognition +chinese constituent parsing +universal language +subjectverb agreement +relation markup +unix computer +chinese proposition bank +rule-learning +word-based indexing +batch selection +constraint information +word-collocation-based relaxation +knowledge engineering task +n-gram indexing +intonation contour +pv treatment +te task +morphotactic information +isomorphic derivation +theorem proving +information quantity +story-based adaptation +bayes system +human language performance +random access +morphological inflection +ml training +temporal segmentation +fast argument recognition +answerextraction +data-driven production +semantic information processing +post-parsing text segmentation +spelling correction +rule-based classifier +syntax-based statistical machine translation ( Mt ) +combinatorial optimisation +abstract derivation tree +concept expansion +markov kmguage model +class-based modeling +alignment template model +unsupervised system adaptation +term-by-term translation +non-numeric processing +informative discourse +extraction program +dialogue produclion +speech-to-text +committee-based sampling +system developer +quantitative expansion method +metaphor detection +screen switching +data-driven dependency parsing +accurate semantic role labeling +cross-lingual ambiguity +semantic web annotation +recurent conectionist network +character-based alignment +dialog-act recognition +cue phrase selection +statistical ambiguity resolution +dialog move generation +morphology shape rule +case structure +semantic acquisition +sentence-based keyboard input +discrimination procedure +pattern specification language +declarative\/imperative parsing +span edge +lfg-parser +truncated em +core module +joint intention theory +exact match accuracy +polar tree +observation system +caller identification +1-best training +citation processor +declarative rule +nonlinear principal component extraction +bottom-up chart generation +language thesaurus +conrinuous speech recognition +english-chinese language pair +good-turing method +word-translation lexicon +sentence summarisation +rule interference +morphological relatedness +pattern matehing +customized summarization +english framenet +maximum likelihood approach +event modifier +structural disambiguation +interpretation and generation of natural language +listener model +arabic processing +word categorization process +n-best reranking +www browser +random sampling +boost approach +tile translation system +multilingual information retrieval +mass noun +general chinese language processing +average precision metric +focus\/background determination +document context +translatiun +hmm method +semantic node +n-best phrase alignment +discourse state +hmm-based algorithm +adaptive dynamic programming +rule filtering +transformational generative grammar +indirect anaphora +logon Mt demonstrator +perplexity reduction +bracket alignment +canonical center retention +expressional type +rewriting environment +named-entity recognition system +history-based model +entropy parameter +rule-based tagger +pitch contour +entity clustering +tile context +boundary classification +discriminative learning +sense resolution \ +latinate morphology +paraphrase identification +lexical substitution task +synchrony networks +co-occurrence mining +noun chunk +role classification +conceptual physics tutoringsystem +headless clustering +intra-partition node similarity +knolwledge +spectral subtraction +theoretic measure +phoneme\/feature classification +derivation move +domain-specific pattern +probabilistic measure +pos pattern +query context vector +data production +temporal intensionality +dialogue behavior +substitution +statistical reasoning +text-to-speech conversion +emptycategory insertion +semantic link +content vector analysis +approximate randomization +knowledge classification +information processing model +seed derivation +variational approximation +mechanical inference +language engineering \ +modeling user satisfaction +spoken dialogue translation +entailment determination +optimal string alignment +tree-cut extraction +linear recency +figurative language +optimal static fusion function +parsing table construction +typed unification algorithm +support verb discovery +pattern induction +word segmentation problem +single character recovery +language model training +bottom-up realisation +gt rule optimization +ilingual legal terminology +cohesion +progressive search +spelling error +head-chart parser +first-order predicate calculus +concept +automatic evaluation +monolingual information retrieval +tag lattice parsing +phrase completion +subclass +html parsing +character-based chunking +correlation analysis +semantic role projection +cost-based evaluation +media conversion +syntactic annotation +tile expression +unit feature +lc grammar +rocchio algorithm +recursive-descent translation +grapheme +pcfgs +neighbour classification +expert system +offline evaluation +multi-threaded discourse management +automatic patternlearning +semantic categories +summary similarity +qualitative process theory +unification categorial grammar +psycholinguistics +uniformity measure +Japanese kanji-kana character +fixed-sentence translation +paragraph identification +event type network +supervised parsing +statistical machine translation ( smt ) +children language acquisition +sequence translation +metaphone spelling-correction +descriptive adequacy +linear mixture model +human-human-system interaction +incremental grammar development +source language recogniser +german-english verbmobil task +array microphone +English +message understanding +discourse structur +domain knowledge +character matching +statistical generation +unlabeled corpus +email message summarizer +vector space retrieval +template designing +nl generation +japanese sentence analysis +vector regression +press release corpus +definiteness assignment +information retrieval systems +information assurance and security +dp-based block alignment +information extraction engine +unification generator +inverse search +data management +viterbi training +text dictation +mobile telephone +graph matching +pronominal anaphora +natural language corpora +diphone concatenation +interactive speech enhancement +highly inflective language +information-sharing strategy +semitic morphology +term generalization +software sharing +asr task +word alignment links +news web site +adaptive confirmation +query composition +sense discrimination task +k-nn +text-to-image +lemmatisation +morpho-lexical analysis +dtg parsing +speech recognition quality +model development +extended wordnet +cepstral normalization +linear parsing +linguisitc knowledge +opportunistic search +air traffic controller +parsing system +conceptual model +english noun phrase +term specificity +complementary antonymy +version control +machine translation technology +cohesion constraint +darpa test set +size of the corpus +case frame transformation +argument boundary +logistic regression +win retrieval +language processing model +information retrieval \ +target language lexicon +infomagnets +pp-attachment resolution +machine generation +revision rule +bilingual sentence +programming paradigm +comlex syntactic dictionary +bottom-up filtering +syntactic realization +metacognitive activity +parallel composition +language family +abstraction function +network generation +memory allocation +context management +unknown-word boundary detection +minimum-weight edge cover +automatic sentence generation +supervised grammar induction +large-scale natural language processing +pos tag sequence +bp identification +transition +geometric pattern recognition +non-parametric statistical pattern recognition +historical reconstruction +constituency grammar +rina +multi-level architecture +human-robot communication +lu decomposition +sentential form +morpheme +conditional likelihood estimation +crf inference +bm algorithm +word reordering +inductive learning +binary feature function +idf-weighed word +wordnet database +automatic cataloguing +grammatical framework +edge weight +lexical subcategorisation +sgml document +arabic natural language processing +sense-tagged corpus +dictionary sense order +segmentation algorithm +restricted-domain question answering +centroid computation +hypernym discovery +metaphorical constrtlction +information conversion +ctb corpus +feanne-hased unification +scoring system +nuclear sentence stress +string parser +automatic annotation process +grammatical function information +metadata generator +mrr +title-based method +morphological generator +lazy merger +unification grammar +discourse understanding system +modern english +perspective identification +bead-driven generation +bottom-up chart parser +taxonomy learning +entropic chunking +speech-input\/sentence-detection +non-overlapping clustering +event clustering +forest classifier +sub-string matching +polynomial time training +weighted finite-state transducers +parameterisable applet +lingnistic description +tone learning and recognition +italian morphology +flybase +bottom-up knowledge discovery +linear factoring +finite-state parsing +dice coefficient +handwritten scripts data +english retrieval +rule sequence learning +scoring method +supervised machine-learning +compound word splitting +speech-to-speech translation system +language understanding and generation module +null determiner +similarity scores +index construction +language tools +animacy classification +referential miscommunication +ie-enhanced text browser +english-japanese article alignment +binary classification task +information synthesis +semantic phrase structure +unit boundary and marker-identification +viterbi reestimation +domain-specific knowledge +semantic sub-classification +local maximization +terminology translation +relationship identification +k-bfs search +sequence learning +pinyin +structural pattern recognition +encrypt ion +vagueness +entropy-minimization +ne recognition +beam factor +wordnet synset +finite set +score prediction +multilingual language technology +acoustic fast-match +large scale corpus +syntactic context +query zoning +sentence rescoring +np coreference resolution +speech recognition unit +speech recognition and synthesis +information retrieval functionality +word sense identification +annotated phrase-structure +transliteration lexicon +classifier associations +sentence-level discourse parsing +automatic question generation +word trigram model +semantic transfer dictionary +discourse parsing +tagger lexicon +data-mining +penn wsj test set +html document +email conversation +sentence level processing +part-of-speech mapping +surface grammar +deterministic computation +meta-language +text-to-text generation +knowledge manager +forward-backward search +word index search +multi-modal corpora +russian verb morphology +error rate estimation +chinese speech recognition +question answering ( qa ) system +online search +entropy word alignment +output +word boundary +ucfg recognition +pattern representa +word alignment process +rtn-based approximation +morphologizer +non-constituent coordination +associative tree matching +viterbi-like parsing +labeled corpora +network path +alignment models +contradiction detection +end-to-end dialogue system +signalprocessing +rna pseudoknot prediction +generation algorithm +file upload +orthographic similarity score +speech act classification +oiled ontology editor +statistics-based method +document coreference resolution +non-parallel corpora +context words +query-focused sentence extraction +topic detection and tracking +discourse markers +modular chart parsing +text segmentation and summarization +native language influence +foot formation +ten-fold cross-validation +gender agreement +processing technology +tcp\/ip-based communication +pstag algorithm +reranker construction +statistical alignment models +iterative augmentation +meeting corpus +binary classification +grammar editing +rule-based transliteration +agent animation system +morphonology +structure selection +word-based kernel +web service technology +term management +n-gram table +decomposition method +speech repair detection +audio comprehension +xml schema +syntactic analyzer +leaving-one-out technique +document exploration +query evaluation +transfer model +log-linear block bigram model +nlp application +boundary detection algorithm +data base environment +acoustic distance function +accurate comparison +cuc occurrence +information-based translation +word ordering +backoff model pruning +text rewriting +lattice pruning +information storage and retrieval +pos category +deficient estimation +english argument +synsets +answer finding +pda construction +statistical understanding +sentence annotation +principle-based parsing +iterative relaxation +bilingual word association +stochastic language modeling +plural noun +ir query expansion +threshold determination mechanism +domain knowledge representation +semantic +recognition quality +lexical translation +asynchronous language processing +beam-search decoder +term unification +communicational efficiency +likelihood ratio test +categorial calculi interpreter +error rate reduction +parser combination +logical form +cmu communicator system +sub-type tagging +node creation +sms text +n-best speech/language integration architecture +pattern ranking +bilingual text-translation alignment +category probability estimation +bottom-up merging +chart realisation +summarization evaluation method +name formation +cross-framework parser evaluation +xdg analysis +function tag assignment +inside-outside algorithm +corpus-based induction +learner +statistical characterization +multi-lingual document production +boolean vector space +non-cosine length norrealization +transfer-driven machine translation \ +text mining system +automated generalization +canned text +vector weighting +structural relation +dialogue interaction +topic signature +lexical sign +parallel corpora +translation systems +causative subject +interaction extraction +animation renderer +LFG +single-word translation +rule-learuing procedure +implicit reference resolution +semantic relationship +named entity +grammatic category +votedpercepton +automatic morphology +probability semiring +defensible reasoning +recognition component +incremental search +penn-ii treebank +augmented transition network +noisy input +context question answering +adjunct placement +name linking +file transfer +logic learning +topic deletion +word error evaluation +nearest neighbour classification +virtual computer +object topicalization +inverse index +optimization problem +position tagging +finite-state framework +wsj parsing +bilingual retrieval +access\/security control information +proficiency classification +concurrent parsing +prosodic structure +commonlisp +logic programming paradigm +text summarisation +multiple-keyword string matching +word alignment model +head detection +nikl classification +cf parsing +adaptive technique +discourse meaning +technology development and evaluation +bilingual lexicon compilation +repair processing +generation-analysis algorithm +automatic sense disambiguation +ycoe corpus +lexical retrieval +non-parametrfc sign test +german parser +set comparison technique +class splitting +auxiliary verb +definite clause grauunar +word-translation-learning procedure +state feature +multilingual word sense +gazetteer2 construction +arabic-to-english translation task +structure merging +approximate smoothing +subsumption relation +loglinear lexicon symmetrization +drag-and-drop task modeling +discourse function +statistical language learning +alignment precision and recall +deterministic shift-reduce parser +extraction pattern learning +metacommunication +dialogue translation system +nonlinear phonology +multi-perspective question answering +data communication +syntax-semantics interface +nextgeneration web +rule composition +non\/nteractive speech technology +upenn treebank +discounting smoothing +domain expert knowledge +intelligent tutoring systems +syntactic pattern recognition +chinese word extraction +combinatory grammar +morpho-syntax +category label +classifiers +decision-tree induction algorithm +alignment template system +discourse marker insertion +coreference recognition +concept to speech +translation models +causal relation +keyword query +incremental copying +sentence adverbial +ranking algorithm +proximity matching +speech signal feature +english-chinese parallel corpus +pos-class +visualization research +nlp evaluation +parse tree probability +shallow syntactic structure +real-time machine translation +technological watcher +linguistic annotation framework +network bandwidth and computation +shift-reduce-drop parsing +slot class +lexicon-based alignment +table lookup process +orientation extraction +stack-based parsing +discriminative classification +model-based method +world modelling +multimodal dialog +structure rule +tree-adjoining grammars +syntactic corpus analysis +text generation programming +lexica +class disambiguattion +morpheme graph embedding +unigram probability +laboratory evaluation +user-defined performance threshold +question terminology +statistical machine-learning +score calculation +determiners +profile building +texture resolution module +text construction +incomplete parse tree +syntactic cooccurrence +computational feasibility +noise rate +category matching +word synonymy +lexical parallelism +pre-filtering algorithm +graph-clustering +corpus correction +spoken language identification +morphological processor +linear-time parsing +rightmost sub-d-tree +discourse network +lexical occurrence +scalability +long-tail distribution +n-best paradigm \ +lambda term +line optimization method +speech language modeling +understanding +software technology +contextual knowledge +alias prediction +topical admixture +root category +dat recorder +dynamic recognition-knowledge +interactive search +interactive method +information gain +syntactic approach +treebanking +transfer grammar +phrase boundary segmentation +compositional semantics +dialog-specific discourse analysis +referent determination +probabilistic parsing engine +rhetorical description +speaker adaptation \ +grarnmar-checker +focus constraint +semantic expectation +multimodal ambiguity +modal logic +candidate evaluation +metadata description +propositions +document authoring +category unification and construction +adaptation testing +language resource +ipadic +textual entailment recognition +text retrieval +trend analysis +candidate terms +word speech recognizer +movement inversion +pairwise classification +neural network approach +nonhierarchical partitioning +text-to-speech +wh-determiner +model re-estimation +rule format +noisy channel modeling +composition +three-way match +program enhancement advisor +lexical entailment prediction +node restoration procedure +file structure and search +attachment disambiguation system +first translation strategy +human inspection +bitag tagger +corpus encoding standard +isomorphism testing +p-norm model +speech enhancement +computerized scoring +in-depth understanding +relative frequency ratio +partial listing +relation network +lexical memory +xml id\/idref mechanism +dialogue act recognition +kana-to-kanji conversion +multimedia summarization +web text +n-gram models +feature formalism +lopez distance +e-k transliteration +phoneme classification +phrasal concept +compound splitting +muc-7 information extraction +sentence production +ensemble combination +node marking +terminology +multilingual sentence alignment +metropolis-hastings +structured query formulation +argument identification and classification +corba interoperability +causal claim +parsing tree +battlefield visualization +concept detection +frame assignment +grammatical system +single sentence production +head-driven generation +text retrieval algorithm +keyword indexing task +semantic bootstrapping +independence assumption +background noise +exact-phrase query +lexical correction +automatic language acquisition +defining vocabulary +CMU's SMT system +boundary insertion +word order acquisition +markov branching +semantic graph +project murasaki +word discrimination +general-purpose natural language processing +occurrence frequency +function-free universally-quantified prenex formulae +heuristic interpretation +hybrid control +node similarity +length-based alignment +forward transformation +sub-syllabification +speech-to-speech translation +thai information retrieval +category-category relation +surface distortion +bmwe extraction +cf chart parsing +non-parallel corpus +topic coverage +treebank parse tree +statistieal transliteration +lmnsetsu identification +parameter reestimation +list constructor +compound word translation +machine-induced ontology +transition matrix +hidden markov +document-centric approach +spectral graph partitioning +natural language interface +speech-input\/sentence-detection mechanism +parse strategy +maximum-entropy tagging +nondestructive unification +dirichlet smoothing +top-down generation +kyoto university corpus +voice-input computer interfaces +syntactic grammaticality +deep parser +information retrieval and browsing +natural language processing tasks +text classification research +person names +target verb +biologically-inspired learning +evaluation technique +citation matching +information content method +universal resource indicator +ocher parsing +thematic role theme +global timing +temporal event +chain formation +word repetition +query collection +dewey decimal classification +near-synonymy +tag mapping algorithm +implicit intention component +rule acquisition +synonym extraction +mar support +spelling checking +variation case +sentence-based input method +tdt tracking +10-fold cross validation +corpora generation +nlg approach +arabic treebank project +word segmentation system +estimating trigger lm +research and development +clarification ellipsis +productive feature engineering +feature selection and post-processing +bilingual dual-coding theory +document management +syntacticsemantic parser +default sense extraction +theorem prover +greedy mapping +spoken language translation +feature category +identificatkm +stress placement +model combination +graph-based formulation +content-independent formalism +countability +entropy classifier +automatic content extraction +language model method +holder finding +lexicon building +machine sorting +finite state automaton +augmented-tfs unification +speech-driven retrieval +ontological property +disjunction model +linear frequency +filter optimization +rating-inference problem +parallel computing +eye gaze +automated text analysis +knowledge customization +rule selection +analogical speech translation +conceptual physics tutor +probability propagation +auditory processing +conditional loglinear model +plus-one smoothing +object-oriented scripting language +word proximity query +dialog modeling +linguistic engineering platform +English stemmer +object-pointing +non-dss unification +environment classifier +machine learnin g +information propagation +category merging +keyphrase extraction +encyclopedia +surface form word +noun phrase interpretation +language discourse understanding +log-linear and linear interpolation +decision tree learner +mdl-based generalization +term-based document retrieval +finite-state morphology tools +non-compositionality +spoken language interaction +definiteness\/indefiniteness +lr-parser construction +augmented-context-free generation +speech modeling +webclopedia +batch training +infurmation retrieval +augmented reality +refer expression +dis uency detection +graphic software environment +arabic root extraction +syntactic reordering +computational modefing +relevance weighting and selection +trigram decoding +automatic processing +lri parsing +natural language application +unification-based grammar +logical expression +iterative refinement +source document identification +expert-system +language dialogue understanding +timex +valency constraints +head pruning +error-tolerant recognition +testing set +affix removal +bayesian grammar induction +garbage collection time +ambiguity problem +text parsing +telephone directory assistance +decision making +left-to-right decoding +application-independent natural language generation system +dg implementation +intelligent systems +dialogue partner +voice input +sentence-aligned parallel corpus +machine learning algorithm +mathematical programming +similarity-based disambiguadon +word frequencies +ie task +mapping model +phonology structure +knowledge discovery +junction selection +user identification +logical structure +word graph generation +recognition search space +similarity identification +syntactic formulae +recognition system +example-based retrieval +lexicon compilation +auto-tutor system +language acquisition device +mappings +pattern-based machine translation +interactive database management +building discourse +grounding +nlp system architecture +statistical natural language processing +pp-attachment +role-labeling +tdt evaluation +unsupervised expectation maximization +human-machine dialogue simulation +cross-language question answering +coherence relation +earley-style parser +multiple-class concept +dialogue management architecture +mutual information estimation +natural language generation community +machine translatlou +confidence scores +collaborative bootstrapping +semantic feature information +discontinuous constituent +japanese-english language pair +deictic coherence +phonetic pattern dictionary +cross-language transfer +cue word disambiguation +equipment maintenance and repair +british english +all-path parsing +horn-clause logic +classification grid +lesson generation +transductive inference +multi-strategy parsing algorithm +cognate alignment +anaphoric pronouns +clustering space +x theory +large vocabulary speech recognition +computer keyboard +computational lexical semantics +binary relational calculus notation +skill level +noise-robust software +article selection +constraint transformation +finite-state language processing +interlingua specification +cfg recognition +bag generator +graph summarization +japanese text processing +estimation +relevance assessment +disfluency detection +classification category +bowers tag set +control theory +softtfidf +contextual appropriateness +nlp\/cl +manual tagging +answer re-ranking or elimination +automatic document categorization +controller +natural language parsing +parser generation +syllable recognition +well-formed text +dp search +term categorization +general purpose inference +derivational analysis +case suffix +sense ranking +syntactic bracketting +structure transfer +speaker +hyponym +basenp analysis +featnre structure +convolution kernels +statistical word-alignment +condition testing +domain-specific knowlegde acquisition +commonsense knowledge +classification \ +likelihood training method +phrasal verb +japanese-english translation +transliteration similarity +dependency translation +conjunction processing +plural anaphora +automatic content analysis +nested annotation +attribute-value unification +boosting algorithm +interpolation method +legal information +word order generation +analysis structure building +parse complexity +belief updating +parse selection algorithm +explicit word segmentation +semantic set +xquery +heuristic algorithm +xsl +rete pattern match +dialogue move classification +weighted average language model +full speech recognition +learning framework +linguistic compaction +case frame construction +feedback interface +multi-lingual dependency +discriminative ratio +lexical redundancy +forward transliteration +word sense ambiguity +text summarizer +ddd algorithm +extractive mutli-document summarization +k ranging +hmm acoustic word model +syntax control +chinese text +feature ablation study +automata theory +statistical decision tree +computer-assisted instruction +extraction analysis +news categorization +persistent storage +mixture training +speech dictation systemt +synthesis system +target-language representation +terminology building +optimality theoretic grammars +histogram +graphical annotation +lexical ilfformation +fast tree kernel +lexical\/semantic pattern +Chinese word sense disambiguation model +disambiguating prepositional phrase +word sense disambiguation +translation pattern +memory-based translation +real world knowledge +language translator system +user-modelling +parse selection +duration learning +intrasentential resolution +gene\/protein name recognition +topic\/focus identification +essay paraphrasing +cognitive modeling task +linear parsing time +conversational telephone speech +rule engineering +example-based sense-tagging +chunker-based preprocessing +manual scoring +pronunciation assignment +normalization process +corpus exploitation +boundary detection +khz rate +prediction uncertainty +fortran programming +morphological grammar +lvc detection +corpus modelling +system design +statistical summarization +automatic unification +cognitive neuroscience +shortest path +psycholinguistic evidence +word usage +detection method +lexical items +linguistic intuition +opinion extraction +macquarie thesaurus +automatic system +metaphorical meaning +lazy strategy +topical closeness +hybrid translation +corpus construction +incremental processing +multidocument summarization +copular pattern +multimodal parsing +probabilistic framework +verbal and nonverbal mean +superordinate substitution +conversational speech language +english cd-sr-parser +express-doubt discourse action +weighted abductive inference engine +boundary pattern +context subsumption +factor equation +combinatory categorial grammar +metadata +discourse segment status +assisted language learning +incremental chart-parsing +cross validation experiment +text scanning +iterative parsing +transcripts +dp alignment +parameter smoothing +anaphora resolution and production +morphological rule +path containment condition +tree conversion +proper noun categorization +tree generation +acoustic adaptation training +bottom-up left-to-right active chart parse +semantic analysis system +word substitution +interactive machine-aided translation system +recategorization process +block decoding +greedy set partition +probability function +acoustic matching +root +translation algorithm +category-derivation +regression task +summarization application +discourse constraint +language processing approach +log-linear modeling +machine-assisted translation +language model structure +optimization technique +linear second-order unification +lexical-functional grammar +expert\/domain expert +treebank conversion method +comma checker +alignment quality +mous corpus +verb phrases +plausible ranking +structure napping +surface structure generation +dynamicprogramming +innovation corpus +text preprocessing +spanish pronoun resolution +proof normalisation +lisp programming language +top-n recognition +model estimation and recovery +morphology module +dialogue act tagging +linguistic model +lexicalised dependency grammar +irregular inflection +syllable boundary +concept cluster +medium fluency speech +Mt system +news wire corpus +ontology learning +electronic information +summit recognizer +finitestate +arabic retrieval +sound unification +algorithmic analysis +knowledge engineering technique +recursive descent algorithm +extraction-based system +search query +linguistic programming +speaker group modeling +turing computing machinery +chinese-english sentence alignment +naturallanguage processing +type determination +lexical phonology +new word detection +weighted score +selection technique +autotutor cognitive modeling task +inverse docmnent frequency +plan recognition +noun paraphrasing +exhaustive search +parallel text mining +rule constraint +automatic lexicon evaluation +nominal analysis +mesh smoothing and optimization +perceptron hmm +svm-based voting +variant generation +lvscr transcription +feature selection mechanism +geographic distance +telecommunication +dynamic programing +stemmed chunking +gpsg parsing +automatic constituent alignment +relational analysis +polynomial-time translation +pst learning +unification-based approach +reestimation formula +shallow analyzer +slm training +speech information +cross-source agreement +set disambiguation +redwoods treebank +context-free rule +cognitive models +resource management +dialogue quality and efficiency +data collection +navigational information +modeling problem +connectionist +off-line parsing +connectionism +pinyin input +organizational and discourse strategies +abstracting +web-based question answering +semantic relaxation +syntactic execution +syntactic feature structure +graphical models theory +repair handling +term suggestion +reference failure +text database +subject\/object detection +semantics construction +bayes independence assumption +hmm model construction +cross-language ir +unrestricted natural language text +structured prediction +chinese information extraction +part-of-speech assignment +spoken language understanding +summary sentence decomposition +diversity extension +lexiease parsing +hebrew generation +high-performance tagging +logic form identification +splog filtering +query answering +single phone word +group average agglomeration +complementary smoothing +monologue segmentation +large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition +Chomsky ' minimalist program +unsupervised pattern discovery +data base query +pushdown automata +forward-backward parameter estimation +link detection system +normalization procedure +acoustic attribute extraction +inter-sentential anaphora +sgt smoothing +bit-parallel computation +attribute relation +classification tree +error checking +automatic synonym acquisition +lazy language learning +source-channel modeling +semantic verb class +record generation +active voice pattern +head transducer training +penultimate stress +one-vote majority rule +arabic wsd +construction grammar +ri algorithm +supervised tree induction +semcor data +tree-lowering +head transducer +structure of a sentence +broad-coverage syntactic parser +virtual reality +statistical text generation +pattern discovery +linear estimation +discriminative pruning method +person ne +class hierarchy +encyclopaedia +finite-state dialogue +direct parsing +style information +character insertion +transducers +numerical optimisation +probabilistic word segmentation +foreign language teaching +document format +model-selection +sentence analysis and generation +chinese-englisla machine transhltion +decisiontree +dynamic programming approach +expectationmaximization algorithm +coordinative ellipsis +participle agreement +pause detection +lr parsing algorithm +collaborative planning framework +link parser +structure\/feature percolation +science information systems +fixed parsing +sentence-level feature +log-likelihood distribution +marker location +asr output +multi-category classification problem +direction-assistance domain +switchboard evaluation system +training phase +natural prosody +question\/answering +voicexml development +scalable learning +morphological realization +large-margin learning +continuous density hmm +document text +word frequency analysis +svm learning +speaker-dependent speech recognition +communicative efficacy +multilayer search +dialogue acts annotation +grammar compression +travel arrangement corpus +document-level measure +qa system architecture +ontological knowledge +pp attachment resolution +mining task +intransitive motion +tree modification process +unbounded dependencies +taxonomy kernel +text categorzafion +unknown word tagging +mental transaction +non-standard encryption +inductive learner +anaphors +incremental production +sub-sentence extraction +tree-like representation +anaphora +frame learning +incremental minimization +expert system interface +structural model +n-gram-based segmentation +native interface +anaphoric expression +alignment model +acoustic-prosodic feature +frame-synchronous beam search +syntactic constraint violation +structure search +medical language processor +source and target language +greedy completion +elliptical case +data recovery +grammar compiler +amharic noun morphology +structured ka +complex sentence +psychological experimentation +local optimisation +automatic alignment algorithm +fast search +stop list +weighted n-gram model +seed term +cluster number +head-modifier structure +dependency type +entity category +definition match algorithm +west european languages +trigram indexing +compound noun formation +adjacency relation +error correcting +text length +string alignment\/comparison +tree-based learning +token alignment selection +phonotactio network +coarse-grained sense-tagging +vocational training +cross recording condition +fact knowledge base +leave corner parse algorithm +syntactic derivation +search strategy \ +grammar-based analysis +syllabification +route finding +synchronous grammars +sentence-detection +aspectual transformation +telephone quality speech +greedy search +stress prediction +stacked generalization +deictic information +bidirectional chart parsing +conceptual dependency theory +dialogue manager +margin training +word dlsamblguation +speech act interpretation +compositiouality +negative quantifier +hierarchical combination +lexical substitution \ +suffix trie construction +probabilistic tree-adjoining grammar +semi-automatic error correction +tree structures +answer\/question translation model +aligned sentence +manual indexing +word class hierarchy +commercial ir system +art text classification +browser interface +statistical evaluation program +phonological grammar +information security community +lexical model +infomaation extraction +tree formation +role disambiguation +joseph greenberg +computer program +network learning +1-gram word distribution +subject-verb agreement +match score calculation +fixed smoothing +polysemy +nbest rescoring +raw text corpora +constituent\/distituent information +multilingual document clustering +word distribution +prior distribution +unsupervised summarizer +monologue generation +multi-word expression +hand-crafted system +accent identification +affix redundancy +lexical lookup +parser evaluation method +dialogue tagging +high quality translation +tile corpus +stem generation +type shifting +character bigrams +computer vision +classifier stacking +non-verbal behavior +feature adding +assignment algorithm +linguistic hierarchy +treebank part-of-speech tag set +feature graph +sentence comparison +table mining +controlled document authoring +penguin principle +crf decoding +noun +bikel parser +hierarchical model +automated contact +discourse structure information +head-corner parsing +multiple neural network combination +parameter space learnability +natural languages +parse reduction +broadcast news corpus +crosslinguistic parsing research +viterbi parsing +heuristic symmetrization +contingency table +open test +english-language interface +speaker change information +output coding +out-of-vocabulary word +language interpretation agent +top-down backtracking parsing +structural index +context-sensitive spelling correction +single-pass complete link clustering +sub-structural alignment +language model automaton +spectral interpretation +nonhybrid disambiguation +grammar environment +adverb phrase +document weighting +english ibm4 models +answer resolution algorithm +phrase-pair selection +training efficiency +random sentence selection +chunking procedure +text segments +javelin system +domain-independent parsing +weblog classifier +verb diathesis alternation +term manipulation +mle reestimation algorithm +parallel tagging +denominal adjective +dialogue recognition +semi-automatic verb pattern generation +empty categories +segmentation process +sinhala syllabification +dependency kernel +sentence scope and structure +gene\/protein name annotation +unification procedure +machine classification +pocl planning +subject type-raising +linguistic nativism +query term +dialogue acquisition and tracking +processing strategy +interactive open-domain question answering +atis system +inexact string matching +language computation +null processing +performance +manual transcription +formulas +german text +dependency network representation +triphone smoothing +presentational relation +restricted parsing +lexical entries +synonym +idf df +document production +text-to-speech system \ +alignment model adaptation +graph transducer +lexical disambiguation +semantic patternmatching +sbar +cmu sphinx system +multimedia demonstration +left-toright maximal matching algorithm +damerau-levenshtein distance +acquisition scenario +kernel-based learning +constraint removing +topicrecognition +word information +probabilistic method +unsupervised alignment model +personal computer +vowel nucleus information +rule-based error corrector +affix-stripping approach +nl interpretation +lexicon system +signal visualization and annotation +spontaneous dictation +alternative marker +term recognition\/classification +equation solving +emotional speech +natural language question +speaker identification +multimodal language research +weighted finite state acceptor +dialog act classification +binomial distribution +surface representation +model modification +translation evaluation +vocabulary selection +entityspecific morphology +minor phrasing +lexicon management +numerical constraints +phonemic parser +constraint-propagation +tuning +screen management +error-driven approach +self-monitoring +active learner +switchboard-damsl +transducer probability modeling +space insertion +thresholding pruning +kappa +single clustering +fast mapping +domain-independent segmentation +diagram design +document translation system +discourse-marker-based hypothesizing +implicit ambiguity resolution +recognition errors +independent phrase chunking +human conceptualisation +corpus-based question answering +re-ranking +sentence similarity measure +graph reduction +incremental approximation +semantic type +japanese ideogram +tile lexicon +noun stemming +vocabulary size +tree clustering +cyk chart parsing +training ( reference ) speaker +keyword identification +ontology server +svd analysis +domain knowledge manager +membership ambiguity +processing load +one-pass search +edit-distance-based pattern generalization +diphone boundary detection +fsa intersection +finite state device +inflectional category +adjective phrase +greek language +recursive calculation +verb group +word\/phrase translation +biological entity recognition +syntactic structure +partial parse +dialogue understanding research +content words +example-based approach +commentary understanding and generation +opinion strength +automatic ontology matching +rosetta translation +query relevance +feature weighting or selection +vector space model +broad coverage parsing +k-neighbors +morpbological analysis +exponential loss function +reuters data set +air-traffic control +speak language understanding system +categorial lexicon +inter-categorial paraphrasing +word sense classifier +multilingual text +intra-sentential zero-anaphora resolution +lexical acquisition technique +surface realization | +case relation +semantic-oriented error correction +sn-mctag +graphic editor +unsupervised reestimation +automated speech recognition +human reasoning +functional aggregation +target language syntax +arabic-to-english machine translation +cmu informedia +multitarget generation +linear-time linearization post-process +digital library +semantic item +middle-out parsing +phrase concatenation +pitch accent prediction +corpus-based study +bayesian algorithm +dtw-based speaker adaptation +we11-formed output +polysemous word +phonetic transliteration +ontologyalignment +Japanese sentence structure +relevance scoring +ltag +boundary identifier +semantic preference +conditional probability distribution +grammatical-functional information +emotion prediction +categorical ambiguity +empty node resolution +computational corpus +vocoder +overlap ratio association measure +chart-based phrase structure parse +phrase boundary +recognition task +information provision +text understanding and learning +atr process +classification error rate +ne extraction +word sense interpretation +pattern-based interpretation +predictive annotation +risk minimization +rtf output +ar algorithm +parsing information +constituent boundary parsing +task-oriented evaluation +relation detection and classification +association principle +nwise-consistency +dative movement +part-of-speech tag +non-word error correction +speaker-independent phoneme recognition +gisting evaluation +word sense classification +rfm estimation +system-oriented evaluation +dialogue strategy selection +discourse macro structure +monolingual clustering +hybrid summarization +noisy channel spelling +system combination +statistical acquisition +spelling suggestion +frame semantics paradigm +deduction system +entity tagging +np head +semantic categorization problem +speech act +sequence scoring +multi-lingual text-to-speech +motor control +n-gram clustering +association strength +knowledge summarization +corpus-based evaluation +hpsg generation +multi-class classi cation +multiple-choice synonym test +automated indexing +affix analysis +adjectival subcategorization +bilingual text +sentence aggregation +hierarchical knowledge representation +semantic interpretation \ +nlp shell +consistency checking +recall +phrasing +english word-dependency +syntactic combiner +discourse history +middle eastern languages +new event detection +constraint-satisfaction inference +case notation +corpus marking +maps +flat-probability grouping +concurrent computation model +text retrieval application +sense disambiguation model +robust text analysis +classi cation accuracy +s-stemmer +fast tree-trellis +markov models +annotation technique +delta energy +tag sequence +ai search +symbolic logic +time-synchronous decoding +large scale corpora +dialogue efficiency +node-based inference +attribute-selection +corpus development +analogy-based approach +informatio n extraction +initial query construction +information storage +information retrieval engine +string match feature +memory-based approach \ +error-driven learning +unsupervised morphology induction +noun phrase detection +text categorization method +score assignment +interdisciplinary theory +continuous speech recognition +naive bayes networks +translation model induction +si modeling +sentence-clustering approach +probabilistic parsing +cyk algorithm +boundary classification task +shallow screening +confidence measure +training speaker +language understanding model +overt case marker +bigram pruning +optimization procedure +temporal extension +experimental results +automatic scoring +semantic knowledge base +information-theoretic similarity theorem +term acquisition +dynamic programruing +tease algorithm +wsj csr +bitext locating +state transition model +linguistic theory +hamming distance algorithm +debugging +named entity alignment +feature weighting and selection +relevance assessment evaluation +dictionary consulting +dictionar extraction +anaphoricity classifier +pattern acquisition +intercluster similarity +annotated dataset +ied kernel +webgenre +matrix permutation +data classification +alphabetic writing +humor-recognizer +chart +ne translation +comparative reconstruction +automatic discourse analysis +pairwise similarity measure +ne system +problem-solving process +decision-making process +domain disambiguation +grammatical type +syntactic parse-tree +set partitioning problem +clarification subdialogue +translation task +approach to transliteration +path value +multi-document generic text summarization +categorization learning +cascaded chucking +dag unification +broad coverage lexicon +dimensionality-reduction +lattices +phrasal alignment +null hypothesis +lexical discrimination +head-driven grammar evaluation +bag-of-word query model +open domain text +string matching +resource sharing +cluster identification +translation scoring +multilingual similarity +inflection system +inter-coder reliability analysis +syntactic completion +summanzatmn +word lattice parsing +quantifier raising +greedy optimization +dynamic-programming beam search +factorisation +annie system +nolem +mle channel model +grammar interpretation +tile model +english-portuguese translation +segmentation accuracy +manually sense-tagged datum +perceptual system +generalized lr parser\/compiler +parsability constraint +proof reading +logical model +event occurrence detection +unsupervised language learning +unsupervised attachment disambiguation +muc-5 evaluation +russellian theory +arabic segmentation system +nlp tasks +calculation mechanism +hansard corpus +statistical testing +automatic document abstracting +finite state machine +syntactic trees +document viewer and extraction +syntax theory +interlingua text +interactive text understanding +name matching +implicit selection +string similarity computation +common word lexicon +hebbian algorithm +scf extraction system +transformation rule +denominations +collocative meaning +auditory model +macintosh common lisp +monotonous speech synthesis +acoustic analyser +speech-act indirectness +tree representation +likelihood function +battle planning and management +acoustic modeling +noun identification +multi-party speech +parse disambiguation +randomization +timeml +proof presentation +dialogue module +interactive cross-language information access +accessibility factor +statistical smoothing +glossary construction +machine learner +letter-to-sound generation +formal language theory +local frequency count +Arabic +model estimation and decoding +scoring function +graph disjunction elimination +finite-state recognition +approximate randomization test +t-he dismissal +tagger generator +speech recogntion benchmark +dialogue evaluation +system user +asymmetric alignment +temporal reasoning +kaplan-kay +linguistic transfer procedure +ensemble interval histogram +search method +corpus harvesting +plausibility network +np-hard problem +decisionmaking +conflicts resolution +text categorization evaluation +leave-one-out cross-validation evaluation +hybrid technique +main verb identification +telephone communication +capitalization +cognate indentification +collective-distributive ambiguity resolution +probabilistic text categorzafion +text translation probability +project scheduling +boolean constraint +metaphor +evaluation methodology +sentence realization +category disambiguation +hybrid inferencing +unknown word recognition +oov handling +procedural categorisation +actor computation model +pdtb design +construction technique +rule learning +speech machine translation +bilingual lexicons +time-synchronous recognition +backoff bigram +stepwise translation +joint parsing +information need +speech recognition search +artificial corpora +pronominal binding +darpa resource management corpus +morphological information +word\/phrase alignment +metonymic inference rule +stochastic word tagger +dialogue agent +generative probability +lexemes +compound noun analysis +off-the-shelf machine translation +mwes +indexing mechanism +extrinsic evaluation method +monolingual paraphrase +cue phrase identification +plan-based dialogue understanding +literary analysis +linguistic anotation framework +restoration +question answering task +local dependency +eft-to-right parsing +speech prosody +opinionhood determination +phrase-tophrase alignment +numerical evaluation function +phonetic mapping +user-assisted search refinement +lexicon augmentation +ace corpus +knowledge inheritance and reuse +language modeling and parsing +frame-semantic approach +maximum-entropy model +syntax selection +morphological learning +independence model +tinysvm software package +grammatical encoding +map database +human intelligence +proof generation +knowledge-based natural language processing +pairedness determination +aspect marker presence +globalphone corpus +parsing technology +user satisfaction survey +srhs +finite-state transduction +knn classification +natural language analysis +high-compression summarisation +context uncertainty +phase alignment +microprocessor +sub-grammar +conjunction scope +feature discretisation +horn-clause theorem-prover +syntactically motivate phrase +manual intervention +geographical description +russian transliteration +tcc corpus +chunk phrase type +resource-rich language +document similarity +translation evaluation corpus +error diagnosis +post-mortem parsing +spoken-language understanding +penn wsj treebank +unrestricted text processing +atn compiler +english-korean transliteration model +cocke-kasami-younger parsing +link type information +deep text understanding +language understandlnu +markov alignment model +language understandlng +Multimedia answers +speech translator +first argument indexing +feature specification +acronym identification +phoneme error rate +paragraph formation +focus determination +identification module +speech and information retrieval +non-projective labeled dependency parsing +tile reduction +story identification +rank aggregation +levantine phonology +inflectional process +coherence rules +n-best search +training documents +feature-based unification grammar +extraction capability +learning task +likelihood estimation method +flat-depth grouping +log-linear combination +prosodic representation +informal spoken language +machine translation and interpretation +laplacian embedding +event sequence likelihood +statistical\/machine learning +node packing +hardware verification +automated text categorization +word conversion +parallel corpus +annotated text corpora +ravenclaw +parameter setting +user utterance +word-based clarification +control agreement principle +spectral clustering +expository text +automated tutoring +noun sequence +driver information +fixed alignment +instructional text generation +document sentiment +ellipsis reconstruction +computational discovery +non-deterministic search +temporal annotation +crosslinguistic parallelism +value expression +machine leaning +declarative representation +name identification +eigenvector centrality +fsm technology +pos tag feature +finite-state technology +grid-based line optimization +langauge processing +human language learner +coding module +morphological parsing +wordcompletion +suffix +tree induction algorithm +location name +multi-modal dialogue +monolingual dictionary +named entity corpus +english ne recognition method +atn parser +semantic tag +phrase ellipsis +recognition process +ambiguous segmentation +symbolic algebra +heterogeneous uncertainty sampling +np identification +ambiguity representation +thai-english language identification +morph +automatic query expansion +best-first agenda processing +annphora resolution +locality preserving indexing +transducer +network-based access +interactive planning +left corner parsing +pronunciation learning +svm-d +chinese speech ner +subject honorification +annotated sentence extraction +proper name recognition +compound extraction +hapax legomenon +story detection +rule-based traverse +depth-first search +thm annotation +knowledge structuring +deep understanding +surface generation component +unification approach +dialog manager +technical documenlatioii +full-text retrieval +dialog system +textalignment +rcgs +semantic analysis program +reversible grammar +search space pruning +unstressed vowel +structural transfer +person name match +segment classification +communicative meaning +parsing grammar +amendment-based evaluation +tile construction +idiomatic expressions +timeml annotation scheme +knowledge +abductive inference +information retrieval and storage +situation recognition +projection technique +tag set +word-processing +intelligent text retrieval +focus shift +evaluation experiment +speech recognition transcription +tsnlp framework +representation structures +local reordering +english-french lexicon +human scorer agreement +agglomerative method +manifold regularization +semi-automatic corpus analysis +predicative block +inferencing +thesaurus production +approximate text search +systematic ambiguity +predicate decomposition +maximum entropy framework +computer conferencing +compound noun +question answering evaluation +experimental setting +voicemail transcription +dimension expansion +high-frequency occurrence +unsupervised estimation +newspaper processing +phrase structure induction +similarity-based learning +nlp system development +paragraph insertion +ranking dependency +weight space +color change detection +semantic parse +head matching +conceptual inference +word handling +adaptive topic-probability estimation +speech act classifier +parser comparison +information redundancy +decision-tree induction +cross-entropy minimization +inductive dependency parsing +translingual retrieval +inductive-learning decision-tree +entailment recognition +morphological treatment +n-gram-based text categorisation +focus assignment +citation feature +language reception +grammar inducing +statistical t-test +naive bayesian +unidirectional grammar-based medical speech translation +prop-bank +contemporary english +computational inference +quality-based selection +parallel-processing +matrix vocoder +source language sentence +information annotation +wordnet senses +mt-based paraphrasing +short term memory +word compounding +numerical classification +seeds generation +component communication +communicative interaction +agile multilingual content workflow +event-based programming model +discourse segment tagging +speech recognition \/ +data structure +n-best list parsing +error detection and repair +subdialogue +incremental chart parsing +free text representation +syntactic sub-category +treebank tag set +retrieval systems +automatic knowledge extraction +hypertext construction +language learning and use +cost partitioning +identity check +gradual approximation +legal reasoning +text plan +automatic understanding +relative clause formation +bayesian belief network +system performance +pcfg estimation +speech synthesis technology +basenp identification +greedy learning +event-aligner component +c-k-y recognition +mail transfer protocol +roget ' thesaurus +text-translation alignment +speech stream +phrase category +indexation system +inference theory +interface algorithm +offline manual editing processing +finite state model ( fsm ) +statistical parameter estimation +automatic summarization evaluation +message processing +software configuration +problem solving +centering theory +mathematical expression +essay paraphrasing system +morphological component +distribution matrix +large reference corpora +intonation unit boundary +context sharing +hypemym +metaphone spelling-correction algorithm +distributional word clustering +grammar re-estimation +foreign language tutoring +information-based case grammar +case identification +bilingual lexicon construction +anaphor resolver +spelling-checkers +natural-language translation +one learning +pronunciation optimization +information retrieval community +direct recognition +inversion transduction grammars +levenshtein +application programming interface +compiler writing +argument positioning +direct modeling +correlational clustering +automatic query building +subcategorisation behavior +cp finding +hastiness +markov modelling +retrieval task +svms +dictionary-based term recognition +frequency-controlled pseudoword disambiguation +sentence-to-sentence translation +inachine learning +information organization +context-free constituent +tree-to-tree alignment +supervised relation extraction +tile prediction +binary splitting +central search server +semantic parser +data corpus +conversational intelligence +subword indexing +natural language +word form +phrase generation +incremental pruning +mapping method +automaton-based approach +levenshtein edit distance +incremental error reduction +lexical optimization +relevance feedback engine +japanese word segmentation +n-gram extraction +feature design +semantic determination +information-seeking discourse +probabilistic modeling approach +argument position +non-compositional interpretation +text-only feature set +bayesian clustering +variable-length mutual information modeling +probability density +compound interpretation +modeling dialogue processing +sentence processing and analysis +component inter-communication +trigram acquisition +systematic generalization +the discrimination capacity +supervised sense tagger +head feature principle +syntactic\/semantic parsing +interactive information discovery +word-correction +web mining +error-driven algorithm +confidence assessment +da recognition +systematic covariation +semantic evidence +upper-layer ontology +spearman rank correlation +two-step optimization +automatic term recognition +discourse segment +web-based english-korean machine translation system +real-time recognition +lexical recurrence +german inflection +word-net +agenda-based parsing +timeml timex3 standard +sentence-extraction +tree selection +text pre-storage +incremental adaptation +part-of-speech annotation +computer testing +graph compression +detection function +broadcasting corporation +top-down goal expansion +hypernym tree +left-associative parsing +cosine coefficient +computer technology +iterative-classification +suffix identification +linguistic theorising +k-nearest-neighbor classification +behavior analysis +lexical access +ipa mapping +token promotion +e-commerce +cue phrase +tokenization disambiguation +lcs calculation +coarse-to-fine analysis +f-structures evaluation +document preprocessing +computerresponse selection +word-classification algorithm +steepest descent search +channel modeling +bag-of-words and segment order-sensitive string comparison method +semantic priming +thematic marker +robust speech recognition +syntactic constituency information +frequency correlation +ner model +part-of speech tagging +sequence recognition +structure optimization +combinational ambiguity +information merging +parallel generation +manual query construction +computational algorithm +upward search +scopal polarity +interpretation rules +co-occurrence +muc scoring algorithm +ocr performance +statistical rule induction +morphological lexicon +referential expression generation +passage selection +fuzzy clustering +constraint relaxation +fine-grained pruning +foreign-name +representation format +nominal anaphor +online large margin learning +syntax-based resolution +asr language model +distance search +acronym extraction +boosting +external phrase-structure +document presentation +scoring metric +industrial information technology +upuc corpora +physical gesture recognition +one-against-all learning +text formatting +narrative discourse +acquisition software +metonymic language use +quantificalion +grammar-based generation +threshold determination +evidential reasoning +information delivery +corpus +on-line recognition +ambiguity-preserving translation +case-assignment +template construction +sense discovering +multiword expressions +off-line compilation +on-line learning +surface generation +bnc sampler corpus +n-gram +feature aggregation +discourse constituent +syntactical analysis +lm adaptation +hpsg-style feature +viterbi search algorithm +distance-weighted averaging +dependency parse tree +sentence composition +lambek sequent theorem proving +statistic +nomlex +comparison function +composite structure +concept unification +speech technology research +information linking +web-derived answer +large-vocabulary language modeling +linguistic index +probabilistic decision tree +goal skipping +statistical machine translation +foreground lexicon +lexical entailment criterion +ucego +generative programming +entity identifier +text matching +interpretation accuracy +geometric mean +hbm training +base noun +english meaning representation +velar harmony +model selection criterion +dependency modeling group +categorization scheme +clump generation +interface toolkit +database querying +discourse composition +document alignment +trw systems development +classifler +manual word alignments +dichotomy coefficient +rule-based phrasing algorithm +hyper-parameter estimation +interaction process +model smoothing +lr parser generator +term intersubjectivity +model refinement +structure of the sentence +surface realization +alignment combination +linear logic +np-detection +translation lexicon induction +bu-lc parser +statistical method +human transcription +forward-reasoning +attribute type +stochastic tagger +parse scoring +french-japanese dictionary +language engineering +english verb particle +dependency link +treebank randomization +headline generator +question-driven retrieval +training instance selection +ontology population +lazy unification +context-sensitive parsing +rhetoric-based planner +discourse structuring +universal grammar +non-parametric estimation +user-delined inheritance +island parsing research +preposition lexicon +top-down planning +trainable sentence planner +anchors +medical web search +simulated anneal approach +formalization +chunker +Spoken language translation +language grounding +discourse processing \ +automatic generation +grammars +baum-welch estimation +pathology +lexical information +identification accuracy +derivational affixation +instrumentation +topic marker +decision-making +query language +dynamic programming beam-search +monolingual selection +document gisting +tree splitting +lexical data-base +conditional estimation +structural translation +lexical acquistilion +latlice n-best algorithms +plan tracking +syntactic preference modeling +beam decoder +adaptive conceptual word sense disambiguation +evolutionary computation +post-modifying sentence adverb +overlap measure +ontology description +hmm-based alphadigit recognizer +break index detection +word transducers +maximum likelihood optimization +valency +biography generation +Slovak +syntagmatic relationship +selection mechanism +brown tagset 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selection +lexical frame +intelligent tutoring +dm-command +artificial intelligence projects +tense and aspect +phonetic similarity modeling +main verb +openccg surface realiser +semiautomated sconng +automatic speech transcription +part-of-speech tagger +name coreference +structural embedding +nn-based outlier detection +english-to-chinese translation +thai word segmentation +interpretation process +ner problem +idiomatic interpretation +mindnet +parse selection model +named entity classification +clause boundary +pause information +machine readable dictionaries +part-of-speech disambiguation +task identification +n-best voting +domain-specific extraction +corpus comparison +text interlingua +verbal head +theoretical calculation +informal writing +dictionary look-up +tomita parsing +ccg realisation +sentence position +grammar extraction and pruning +semantic knowledge-base +expectation evaluation +chinese word +Penn Treebank WSJ +phrase-based translation system +constructivist 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detection +verbal verification +sun microsystems +discourse-based summanzatlon +mml assumption +lexical\/syntactic selection +wordnet structure +interactive disambignation +semantic predication +sensibility judgment +combinatory categorial grammars +muc style extraction +lcflex parser +dialog structure +dependency-linked n-gram +decision trees +logical forms +ontoscore +classi cation +subset construction +post-translation document expansion +name recognition +vision system +trigger language model +lexical learning +kfold cross-validation +verb formation +pascal rte evaluation +lexieal well-formedness +morphophonemic variation +verb form +ogi multilanguage telephone speech corpus +model perplexity +finite-state mechanism +inverted representation +co-occurrence matrix +feature-based word grammar +paraphrase extraction and ranking method +non-symmetrical matrix +referential ambiguity +term dioscovery +block translation +topic adaptation +association measure performance +recapitalisation 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pattern +thesaurus construction +syntactic parsing +agent-based system +oral-reading recognition +non-projective dependency parsing +rhetorical parser +stack-based algorithm +conditional probability +cf grammar +temporal relation +audio retrieval +presupposition accommodation +term +japanese dependency analysis +cky chartparsing +language graramar +fixed-length summary +stochastic dependency parsing +classification technique +bitext space +system construction +table generation +hypothetical reasoning +language tutoring +transformation-based error-driven learning +top-down anaphora resolution +hmm parameter +index-based retrieval +vocabulary isolated word recognition \ +svm discrimination +multimodal meeting processing +extendable retriever +tv broadcasting +pagerank algorithm +task efficacy evaluation +acronym +multi-lingual generation +truth-qualified proposition +xml-based natural language processing +analysis engines +machine prediction +annotation specification +probability score 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+multipass search +conceptual dependency diagram ( cdd ) +entity machine transliteration +robust parsing +sentence extraction +error handling +name\/alias recognition +1-best recognition +methodology +clustering procedure +verb tag +chinese treebank +context-dependent modeling +collocation discovery +hard matching +frame scoping +text-to-speech technology +knowledgeacquisition +statistical mt +dialogue duration +morphological tagging +interface generation +mutual information filter +KPSG +subjectivity extraction +grammatical restriction +gaussian distribution +category identification +accent recognition +classifier combination +mutual knowledge paradox +syntactic feature generation +translation extraction +standard evaluation metric +stochastic matching +pronominal expression +window size +mass storage +disjunctive normal form +japanese ne extraction +dictionary construction +grammar translation +fsa utilities +compound disambiguation algorithm +german word formation +opposite effect 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interaction +markup language +automatic indexing problem +intersentential pronoun +lexical bootstrapping +muc-6 co training material +syntactic lexical-functional grammars +nearest neighbour classification techniques +multi-level translation +sociology +probabilistic pronoun resolution +german speech recognition +datebase +lattice structure +noun compound interpretation +paraphrasing\/circumlocution +parallel sentence extraction +log-likelihood ratio association +si corpus +conversational material +forward-chaining reasoning +tag estimation +iterbi +knowledge-based generation +word-lattice parsing +accusative case +discourse unit +kt-set test collection +discourse connective +annotated phrase-structure grammar +document smoothing +lit parsing +analytical question answering +paraphrase-oriented discovery +mesh training +bayesian ensemble +chinese-japanese alignment +speech recognition error +minor syntactic category +utterance segmentation +gpl runtime environment +attachment ambiguity +cross-linguistic observation +topical relatedness +da classification +script generation +sign recognition +noun phrase coreference +lexesp corpus +japanese mt research +incremental interpretation system +probabilistic search +machine translation ( Mt ) system +english text retrieval +dete dialogue management +computer text generation system +actor +automatic term clustering +computer science +summarization evaluation tool +denotation +sentential processing +speech recognition word and sentence error rate +segment tagging +disambiguation problem +test gold standard +fast parsing algorithm +inter-tagger agreement +parsingas-deduction +automatic topic clustering +tdmt +argument identification +case frame editor +word confusion network +svm regression +dimensionality +utility maximization principle +non-sgml database +clausal boundary ambiguity +newspaper language +template learning +data-oriented learning +svm-based chunking +keyword expansion +secondary stress +entity type +digital processing +logic-based grammar formalism +jointtesting\/cascaded-training +nominal apposition +unsupervised relation learning +corpus collection +term generator +graph-partitioning +gene name recognition +syllabic framework +user customization +feature measurement +error correction method +synonyms expansion +name lexicon +grammar code +systemic linguistic theory +part-of-speech-based criterion +concept acquisition +discourse popping +network analysis +tree edit distance +lexical features +semantic type compatibility +sejong treebank +alignment problem +token-based disambiguation +decomposition operator +iterative query formulation +collocation extraction +inter-sentential resolution +structured classification +logical analysis method +ir framework +induction algorithm +multistack search +reprise +if-then production +document construction +noun-noun similarity +answer extraction and ranking +rule scoring +written corpora +verb phrase +database collection and analysis +descriptor +simplex algorithm +natural language dialog +implicit feedback information +essay analysis +problemsolving +terms selection +axiomatization +satisfiability problem +nlp technique +quadratic-time alignment +linguistic-and-template hybrid system +rhetorical grammar +random walk optimization +spot +datr +timit corpus +logical well-formedness conditions +intelligent query expansion +phonetic scoring +human-human dialogue +fs matching +prosodic break +unsupervised word alignment +syntactic processing research +computatjional linguistics +machine-readable corpora +named-entity tagging +term filtering +auxiliary verb type +baurn-welch ml training algorithm +table boundary +triphone analysis +background model +spreading-activation +database relation +recombinative animation +greedy construction +z-score +nlp task +groningen +information dissemination +metrics-based evaluation +eornmon-sense knowledge system +noisy output +tabular parsing +machine-generated text +svdpack +supervised learning framework +experimental evaluation +frame attribute +minipar +partial theory +logic grammar +language determination +vector matching +interactive spoken dialogue +text quality +gnu public license +morphological form +phonemic representation +expectation semiring +histogram-based training +unsupervised technique +approximate training +bayesian model +pos error detection +belief ascription +collapsing +linguistic information processing +induction hypothesis +action represantation +goal freezing +support vector machines +technical translation +written discourse +collaborative negotiation +tree linearization +text pre-processing +feature relevance weighting +evolutionary feature selection +voice interactive system +subject preference +data construction +new word construction +unsupervised bootstrapping +automatic textual entailment recognition +cml treatment +automated service +decision-tree model +alignment procedure +transductive clustering +predict-support algorithm +underspecified chart representations +answer scoring +virtual reality environment +german-english word-alignment +rosetta translation system +electronic surveillance +index-based parsing +mean subtraction +two-class classifier postfiltering +COMPLEX +example-based syntactic transfer +markov transducer estimation +search strategy +mt formalism +entity indexing +adaptive statistical modelling technique +free text corpora +spoken tutoring +bilingual lexicon entries +instance-based approach +tile reader +confidence annotation +topic shift +lexicalist prediction technique +nonlinear optimization +lambda expression +tile summarizer +fully-automated evaluation +language understanding +lhe projection +phrase meaning +corpus-based parsing +genus sense disambiguation +ibl classifier +syntactic error +menu-driven interface +semantic structure +numerical gradient ascent +language parser +sentence meaning +initiative holder agreement +sign recognition and translation +constraint logic programming +language acquisition model +structured representation +janus speech recognizer +transfer rules +peripheral processing +conjugation form +tree insertion +summalization +natural language utterance +taxonomic similarity +speech-search algorithm +statistical estimation +adverbial phrase +acoustic model +edp algorithm +random sample +automatic query refmement +storage allocation +linear model regression +multi-style training +example-based learning approach +subtree-torule conversion +discourse tree +interlingua-based machine translation +lexical resources +terms extraction +language processing systems +deduction +expression +temporal inference engine +data mining +consensus translation +bottom-up grammar traversal +multi-dimensional scaling +verb final language +german generation +deterministic processing +context-free language +uniform distribution +sentence connectivity +ontology acquisition +corpus-based anaphora resolution +meta-bootstrapping +domain question answering +phonetic alignment +edit distance algorithm +concept extraction +ne recognition system +training time +identity operation +english vocabulary +statistical induction +word-based retrieval +anaphoricity determination system +transfer system +japanese morphological analyzer +non-perceptual knowledge +kenmorc knowledge acquisition +query analysis +probabilistic parse selection +unification algorithm +chance agreement +proteinprotein interaction corpus +non-application-specific corpus extraction +flat-size grouping +intentional structure +rule creation +multi-lingual information +statistical jttpanese dependency analysis +rule coverage +language generation and parsing +transducer approach +idl-based search +costs +czech-english statistical machine translation system +conversational structure +tense classification +genia +bayesian discrimination +answerfinder +extraction method +probabifistic parser +posterior-lattice indexing +incremental unification +language-model based search engine +language presupposition +propbank annotation scheme +recognition-time adaptation +topic recognition model +name recognizer +keyword indexing +question search +disjunctive entry condition +dialogue pronoun resolution +answer extraction +information visualization +iterative training +equivalent-word match +answer generation +semi-automatic simulation +manual entailment judgment +grouping +gpa training +html generation +part of speech information +im dialogue +vector learning +closure algorithm +speaker verification +reference translation +structural information +word boundary and stress +distributional analyser +verb number +nl application +interactive relaxation parsing +topic structure +annotated corpus +generative lexicon +speech recognition and understanding +lexical database wordnet +philosophical logic +english machine translation +learning-based coreference resolution +geopolitical entity +german corpus investigation +summarization procedure +grammar projection +posterior context model +chunk-aligned parallel training corpora +state automaton +generative phonology +estimate grammar rule +value weighting +spoken language input +sequence comparison +co-occurrence information +named-entity classification +agenda-based probabilistic chart parsing +fine-grained sense identification +machine learn technique +linear parser +e-k conversion +sentence plan +human language acquisition +heuristic strategy +trellis-based estimation +semantic role labeling +tree algorithm +n-way classification +cfg filter technique +dependency grammar \ +dynamic programming scheme +wordnet thesaurus +tipster corpus +accented english pronunciation +segmentation parsing +unlabeled parser +relative adnoun clause +self organizing map +grammar code system +automatic prediction +language model perplexity +vocabulary +identification model +slang +large vocabulary isolated word recognition +letter-to-stress conversion +word-level classifier +automate evaluation technique +beam thresholding +character dotplot +structure unification +unification framework +fragment finding +new stem acquisition +verbal adjunct +dops system +reasoning +contextual feature +non-parametric kernel estimation +list induction algorithm +rule-extraction +data-driven model section +domain-specific inference +loglinear analysis +predicate classification +classifler-based method +non-native speech +integrated natural language interface +eurowordnet interlingual index +path coreference +Korean Phonology Structure Grammar ( KPSG ) +discriminative pruning +human error analysis +similarity matching +machine translation quality +frequency smoothing +beam search strategy +nist score +derivation process +sublanguage analysis +summarisation evaluation +contextual sense disambiguation +ftag grammar +gender determination +trigram-based language identifier +transductive learning +compositional information +phrase-structure information +content\/function word classification +term detection +ldoce coding system +computational linguistics corpus +morphologicm analysis +natulal language processing +rule optimization +binary semantic class classification +hmm-based word-to-phrase alignment model +answer resolution +supervised treebank pcfg +fixed-length vector +syntactic function +english prosody +task management +semantic lexicon creation +naive maximum likelihood +cross-language word similarity +hypothesis generation +grannnar rule +numerical scoring +bounded matching mechanism +subtree pair +noisy training material +sentence representation +memm tagger +brazilian portuguese +marker occurrence +paramax speak language understanding system +arabic disambiguation +inductive reasoning +palsumm hybrid summarization +human cognition +concept clustering +text processing +parse +semi-automatic simulation technique +word-occurrence +similar sense dispersion +full text search +statistical chunking +morpheme extraction +statistical sense-disambiguation +local optimization +automated training +language understmlding +sense +corpus-based natural language understanding +discourse boundary type +terminology-based knowledge acquisition +patent retrieval +phonetic analysis +machine-learning +question parsing +biography collection +file accessing +term clustering +building discourse structure +full-text expansion method +mapping +boyer-moore algorithm +preprocessing +evaluations +argument composition +summarization +surface realizer +bilingual parallel corpus +remote sensing +likelihood decoding +lecture processing +type inference +interactive system +knowledge-representation formalism +real-time tracking +lexical alignment +inverted document frequency +cross-speaker recognition +structured learning +subsumption +viewpoint-based summarization +smmnarization +semantic dependency analysis +chinese-to-english translation +thc hest +valence theory +vowel lengthening +training sample ~ +automatic indexing system +direct error minimization +topic collection +linguistic entity +transformation-based indexing +morphological mlalyser +selectional preference +symmetric alignment +resource construction +graph theory algorithms +rapid text skimming +dynamic bayesian nets +linguistic knowledge +localization +lexicon provider +biomedical corpus +n-gram re-estimation +translation example +modeling power +argument relationship +language processing and\/or understanding +conneetionist language processing +histogram pruning +statistical sentence parsing +synonymy relation +weak learner +nondeterministic top-down backtracking parsing +meta-communication +rvm training +domain relevance extraction +multisentential discourse +english text categorization +dependency representation +generative modeling +predicate-argument structure +greedy segmentation +horn clause resolution +sound parsing +average gain ratio +chinese data entry +iterative hillclimbing +second-order-multiple-output conversion +cosine similarity measure +online communication +semantic formalism +iterative algorithm +discourse structure derivation +graph representation +thesaurus tree +determiner +tagged corpora +language dialogue system +sentence completion +automated japanese essay scoring +transitional probability +english pos-tags +wysiwym +case marking +web crawler and indexer +episodic logic +hierarchical interpolation +structured test suite +knowledge extraction +analogy +subtree swapping +frequency weighting +bayesian learn +mouse-sensitive simulated radar screen +data-directed rule +language understanding system +frame detection +communicative intercourse +automatic spelling +speaker-dependent recognition +communicative structure +markov random field +description tree grammars +pattern-based extraction +left-corner parsiug +annealing clustering +relational link +speech-to-speech machine translation +unsupervised text categorization +topic-independent recognizer +discourse parsing disambiguation +synchronization +modeltheoretic interpretation +text organization +full text indexing +text structure information +parse selection module +string translation model +folding route tree +linguistics-based knowledge +indexing accuracy +unsupervised sense clustering +fine-grained sense-tagging +analysis disambiguation +rule-based disambiguation +multi-document summarization system +language processing \ +search mechanism +defeasibility +graph-based ranking +speech technology +decision list induction +grammar recognition +context identification and characterization +grammar tutoring +code identification and conversion +snow architecture +language processing ~ +stack-based search +tag perplexity +path resolution +community +weighted constraint optimization +automatic pattern mining +collocational analysis +automatic text analysis +crl ne data +manual question classification +monadic first order logic +modal operator +text categorization problem +topicalised material +text-tophonemes tool +example-based tagging +corpora +training document +english morphology +expectation-maximization-based induction +linguistic adequacy +information states +english language model +aggregation framework +semantic space +stochastictransducer +lexical cues model +automatic question-answering +automatic summarization research +name transliteration procedure +description extraction +vector-valued utility function +dimensionalized space +interactive speech translation +controlled language mt +directed inferencing +class detection +rule-based processing +collaborative planning discourse +deterministic table recognition +Boolean conditions +voice synthesis +two-phase generation +terminological variation +mysql +parallel scheduling +adaptation paradigm +tree access +gnome corpus +word sense induction +syntactic analysis system +argument propagation +explanatory combinatorial dictionary +language modeling toolkit +connected-speech recognizer +web interface +support vector machine +feature discovery +automated language processing +text-segmentation +resource creation +upenn tag set +primary sample selection +greek genre classification +latent semantic space +wsi evaluation +knowledge representation and reasoning +weight thresholds +language navigation interface +top-down backtrack +information source +random-walk +chunking parsing +chinese text understanding +mean agreement score +non-pronoun resolution classifler +headline word selection +classification algorithm +baurn-welch ml training +multimedia fusion +classifier-based sense resolution +transfer machine translation +re-generation +non-hierarchical clustering +semantic role tagger +hybrid constituency\/dependency +parallel corpus-based grammar induction +syntagmatic structure +bible corpora +assembly system +linguistica algorithm +discourse connectives +retrieving +demonstrative pronoun +language engineering research +binary decision tree +entity normalization +parser induction +citation analysis +dialog corpora +length correction +lexical selection +lexical research +backoff smoothing technique +crossvalidation +voice control +full text understanding +scheme combination +activity tag +automated acquisition +aspect marking +dialogue processing +antecedent recovery +intelligent simulation system +human sentence processing +automatic text retrieval +formalism +category specification +bleu metric +feature projection +incrementm training +search engine +incremental learning +tolerance hierarchy +tabular representation +verb substitution +parsing extrammatical language +static disambiguation +abductive reasoning +essay +context features +spontaneous speech parsing +attribute propagation +language understanding task +inferences +classification rule +latent semantic kernel +tagger generation +speaker-adaptive training +opinion category +treelet phrase extraction +classi er combination +negative sample selection +long distance movement +syntactic structure prediction +cky-style parsing +english content word +psychiatric interview +patent watch +constraint-based parser +group-average clustering +montague grammars +sigmoid function +classification correction +bottom-up recursive stress assignment +weighted edit distance +asr\/telephony server +corpus-based data-mining +index +text generator +fsm construction +relevance-prediction +memory consumption +chinese gigaword corpus +bilingual education +agglutinative language +n-gram induction +thesatmm +phonological encoding +probabilistic disambiguation method +memory management +grammatical construction +computational dialogue +clause splitting +attribute joining +eijiro translation dictionary +inheritance network +collocation extraction \ +large collection analysis +dependency structure +instantiation +test set +topic evolution +lexical variation +mental state +grammar modification +factored extraction +stochastic search +chinese language nlp +fasil email summariser +face recognition +inter-rater agreement +unification grammar \ +topic exploration +pronoun case +memory-based reasoning +oracle translation +decision rule +nugget-based evaluation +answer retrieval +graph spanning +morpheme handling +linguistics data +grammar development platform +argument understanding +plan execution +non-compositional meaning +cas evaluation +citation similarity +multikey quicksort +selective confirmation +place name recognition +dialogue simulation +language model scoring +rule-based tagging +recognition accuracy +iterative procedure +language modelling and parsing +dialogue tutoring +korean speech +fuzzy maxent +comma +partial matcher +text comprehension +sentence compaction +single-link clustering +paradise evaluation framework +treelet translation +matrix decomposition +patent analysis +textual information retrieval +symmetrization +namedentity +pattern abstraction and combination +multidimensional markup +knowledge search +lexicon translation +english-to-korean text translation +prepositional phrase disambiguation +error detection and correction +generation method +parameter training +perceptron system +computer-aided semantic knowledge acquisition +word ngram modeling +data access +computer-based processing system +bilingual parallel corpora +discourse grammar +word correspondence extraction +grammatical constraint +knowledge mining +tag analysis +problem solver +automatic software composition +hindi-english sentence pair +particle sense classification +radio news corpus +smt model +example-based correction +datenbank-dialog +boundary segmentation +asian language +relation learning +noun clustering +spoken language processing +sundial dialogue +idiom processing +dialogue act +cluster reduction +phrase-based system +English understanding system +tm scanner +sentence scoping +viterbi-like decoding +traditional statistical language model +comma restoration +rewrite rules +syntactic score measure +language expression +cg-based learner +phonetic encoding +machine transl +coreference resolution +single pass parsing +connectionist network +xtragen +transducer determinization +adjunct +encyclopedic corpus +business correspondence +knowledge base construction +automatic sentence alignment +english disambiguation +language comprehension system +bayesian network classifiers +syntactic transduction +relational learning +treebank transformation +irex ne extraction +language model +surface sentence maker +forward-looking function +manual grammar development +adaptive dynamic word formation +wfst modeling +topical relevance +machine learning approaches +lexical evidence +speech data +likelihood hard-clustering +comparative analysis +recognition device +dictionary-based query translation +incremental disambiguation method +information-seeking +non-linear optimization +language modeling technique +probabilistic optimum filtering +superlative determiner +tree-dop parsing +stress test evaluation +langtmge processing +nist +np fragment +syntax formalism +phonological knowledge +cue phrases +standard cross-validation +japanese-english parallel corpus +explicit dates recognition +machine translation decoding +word class tagging +table analysis +cyc knowledge base +association formation +information management +word breaking +email +history management +first-order theory +natural language interaction +bilingual terminology extraction +document rank +testing corpora +error-correction rule +semiautomated annotation +positive sample selection +uniform algorithm +contextfree-grammar +automated surveillance +question-answer pair +synonym information +completeness coherence +incremental multilevel parsing formalism +minimum description length +javelin +multi-view co-training +multi-modal output presentation +likelihood-ratio +indirect chaining +domain detection +health corpus +conceptual dependency +typological classification +adjunction +ziff-davis corpus +alphabet-to-alphabet mapping +io-tree method +question decomposition +temporal preposition +parameter-independent learning algorithm +literate programming +sttk +learning technique +automated text summarization +machine translation and generation +grammatical formalism +atn formalism +sentence presupposition +anchor-text mining +word disambiguation +par-adise evaluation +epistemic matrix clause +similar document retrieval +local word context +domain-specific subcategorisation information +multilinguism +long distance analysis +sentence planning +annotation language +cost estimation +discourse segment model +document search +statistical information +machine translation approach +example extraction +communication management +parser portability +concordance +sparse matrix format +alignment system +subtree +medium-sized corpus +database application +binary search +detection task +real-time text retrieval +telephone-bandwidth speech +noun phrase recognition +shallow analysis +grammar learning +unsupervised extraction +word reduction +terminology construction +definite noun phrases +parse disagreement +visual perception +pre-tagged corpus +cross-corpora tagging +predicate relaxation +graph formalism +phrase bracketing +topic ordering +implemented anaphora resolution +directed alignment +perl script +linear sequencing +graph unification +semi-automatic annotation +uam treebank +arabic text chunking +partial syntactic analysis +ntaximunl entropy modeling approach +data analysis +statistical information retrieval +inference mechanism +question inversion +textual corpora +language generation research +nc interpretation +recogniser +word-sense tagging +theme\/rheme identification +statistical framework +semantic similarity calculation +pronoun resoultion +chinese translation +crossvalidation experiment +pattern analysis +concept retrieval +error recovery and tolerance +top-k lexical head pruning +link classification +appositive recognition +precision casting +pos estimation +performance comparison +parameter identification +large-scale natural language generation work +dialogue acquisition and tracking algorithm +phrase alignment software +scorin g +bottom-up translation +lexicon access +question-answering +spoken child language +adaptation schema +rate enhancement +nonlinear similarity measure +design and implementation +processing ill-formed input +probabilistic relaxation +packed parse forest +normalization factor +morphological wellformedness +speech normalization +type classification +pat-tree-based keyword extraction +dependency likelihood +korean-to-english query +tagging procedure +polynomial time decode algorithm +chinese sentence +information sharing +coherence-tree +binary heap +argumentative discourse +language understanding research +noun phrase reference +linguistic data +randomizedselection +dialogue machine translation +schema recognition +text framing +semantical framework +kanji +linear regression line adjustment +word n-grams +governing category +state-of-the-art learning-based anaphora resolution +hmms +leaming +supervised text classification +name entity ( ne ) tag +multilingual question answering +supervised pattern acquisition +distance metric +entity recognition and transliteration +agreement marking +natural language discourse +geology +cluster refinement +complementation pattern +spanish lexicon +frame recognition +top-down chart +subtopic segmentation +chinese prosodic phrase +error-minimization +dependency graphs +indices +simulation environment +feature-based pronunciation +text-based question answering +metadata harvesting protocol +hansards translation +rule pruning +keyword phrase +sentence-level knowledge +classifier learning +document storage and retrieval +sms text normalization +linguistic-analysis +scalar multiplication +dative alternation +post-ocr correction +phrase prediction +expression formalism +lookup algorithm +statistical modeling +information technology +adobe pdf +sfc representation +corpus-based collocation extraction +single feature structure +synchronous binarization +morphological theory +search effectiveness +association relation +action logic +semantic class classification +constrained model-space adaptation +feature structure +location name ambiguity +unsupervised disambiguation +hybrid logic +animation generation +world knowledge +dictionary-based answer +base np translation +speech recognition score +offline corpus processing +sensory system +acronym normalization +language processing tool +open compound registration +annotation process +key-word search +unsupervised stem acquisition +boundary information +hyperlinking component +minimal listing +vector-based information retrieval +text indexing +naivepropm +language model probability +ppa resolution +educational technology +partial matching +tile system +association for computational linguistics +general-purpose lexicon +post-prediction confidence estimation +compound sentence +radio control +lexical preference +topic-based text classification +linguistics literature +program operation +unification-based constituent +mutual information independence +language dictionary +typed lambda calculus +align multi-lingual parallel speech +gradient-based feature selection +bilingual bootstrapping +conditional distribution +treelet projection +decision tree learn +answer completeness +extraction tool +rule-reduction +review helpfulness +automatic translation system +model performance +external knowledge source +document recognition +document\/cluster representation +confirmation handling +named-entity identification +punctuation marks +sstc schema +near-term extraction +presupposition +constituent analysis system +language procossing +dynamic presentation +verbmobil speech-to-speech translation +classifier +fsa-guided constraint processing +kyoto university text corpus +cross-linguistic parallelism +network timit corpus +contextual model interpolation +sentence boundary recognition +query length +head clustering +knowledge base builder +chunk representation +comprehension model +constituent structure parsing +text-to-scene converter +linguistic evidence +chart realisation algorithm +language membership +digital broadcasting +conversion rule +verbal generator +hole semantics +annotation strategy +feature construction +verb construction +feature value pruning +reinforcement mechanism +deterministic finite state automaton +word boundary detection +guided assembly task +bilingual phrase +translation modeling +backing-off model +link resolution +speech-processing +interpersonal priming +vector space +retrieval time +pronoun matching +alignment adaptation +rule sets +pv identification +term recognition +inheritance descriptor +language manipulation +global-statistics-based disambiguation +answer sentence extraction +reduction strategy +speech transcription \ +f matching +language model modification +sentence alignment +temporal sequencing +universal quantification +noisy document summarization +parser evaluation +referential information +semantic parslng sy-stem +logic programming +bidirectional model +sentence boundary labeler +reference problem +svm-based important sentence extraction +probabilistic thresholding +machine translation method +pos disambiguation +word sense disambiguator +voice command +speech transcription technology +surface structure +multi-modal feedback behavior +wn synset +heuristics +symbolic reasoning +buckwalter lexicon +frequency calculation +frame determiner +modeling paraphrasing +arabic information retrieval +japanese\/english machine translation +frequency equation +english speech +plan reasoning +automatic genre identification +markov sequence +communication research +rmrs construction +sense similarity +utterance verification +statistical knowledge +m-gram language modeling +altificial intelligence +string transformation +word category probability +bigram estimation +multiword recognition +length constraint +rule-based pronoun resolution +query disambiguation +polysemous verb +numerical computing +concept representation and delimitation +nonlinear minimization +retrieval framework +language model pruning +discourse chunking +vowel-consonant pair +autonomous problem solver +the generative lexicon +language neutral meaning representation +software implementation +content authoring +direct matching +system organization +acoustic adaptation +prosodic combination +np chunker +automation system +speaker identification \ +finite-state relaxation +document frequency +hum tgt +tlisamblguation knowledge +artificial langnage +text-based sentence alignment +japanese text \ +bayesian network +distributional similarity method +trec @card@ and trec @card@ qa track +cross-linguistic knowledge +allomorphy +cascaded chunking model +knowledge representation \ +tree mining +plan construction +bidirectionality +local maximum condition +rule-writing +patent +punctuation +knowledge-based information retrieval +list rescoring +noun phrase grammar +syntax control method +rdf\/rdfs +genre analysis +norwegian +lexicon organization +inference process +statistical text-based sentence alignment +bag-ofwords model +real-time performance +logical-form equivalence problem +paper routing +two-fold cross validation +incremental generator +navigation effectiveness judgment +cognatecounting +swahili +frustration detection +machine translation systems +eliminative parsing +natural-language syntax +corpus-based grammar development +phone-string utterance classification +thai word +model training and decoding +content-model-based learning +language generation and interpretation +language indexing +corpus-based statistical sense resolution +syntactic coreference +discourse-tree rewriting +la generation +alignment generalization +standardization +scalable language analysis +terminology research +retrieval accuracy +arabic language +asynchronous message pass +significance testing +collective classification +pr05 corpus +terminology system +speech-inspired translation +language recognition +english question answering +xerox tagger +porter stemmer +discourse coherence and structure +oral communication +teaching language +summarization task +stress assignment +arabic word segmentation +deictic reference +centroid-based summarization +patternlearning +temporal relation information +search term +multicomponent architecture +summarisation +transition network +vietnamese language processing +text input method +murasaki evaluation +concatenative synthesis +transcription reconstruction system +phrasal matching +encoder +term extractor +temporal anaphora +multilingual lexical databases +processing model +geographic information systems +ontology-based knowledge +knowledge engineer +constraint learning +boolean query +interpretation schema +prosodic features +tabular recognition +hyperlinking system +dynamic bayesian framework +transfer-driven machine translation +wrapper-based feature selection +lisp implementation +summary evaluation +incremental understanding +phrase matching +native speech +dependency learning +supervised text categorization +schema-based approach +database-identification +feature-based statistical machine learning +automatic terminology +text-tagging +english subcategorization +datum +bottom-up algorithm +idiosyncratic formalism +language inflection +index terms +graph +segment order +semantic structure analysis +ne phrase translation +answer type determination +dictionary-based word vectors +hmm-based continuous speakerindependent speech recognition +annotation task +black-box smoothing +feature path +la language model +node recovery +technical domain +discourse management +variant extraction +semantic collocate +manual segmentation +semantic relationships +statistical dialogue act +re-sampling +labor-intensive system +dynamic grammar +english database query +multilingual document +opinion-sentence extraction +semantic prediction +word-reordering +query expansion and hyperlinking +lexical matching +syntactic search space +biomedical dataset +english-to-english translation +k-nearest neighbor +generative lexicon theory \ +break placement +binding theory +syntactic pattern +article extraction +lhc decomposition +ne detection +inference +classifter combination +mrd-to-ldb parsing +chartparsing +automatic model refinement +morpheme boundary marker +metagrammar compiler +lexicon incompleteness +tb annotation +language use +argument role recognition +parser acquisition +syntactic interpretation +content realization +grammar transduction +machine learning and classification +knowledge base editor +maximum subtree depth +higher-order distribution +viterbi-like word segmentation +error mining +labeler +NLP tasks +translation module +frequency redistribution +anaphor resolution mechanism +capitalization information +dag search algorithm +greedy approximation +automatic disambiguation +noise-robust tagger +spr +selection process +entity assemblance +substring +conceptlevel error handling +concept type discrimination +wordform +shift operation +language query interface +on-line training +distributed corpus annotation +avm notation +verb database +automatic extraction +instance-based classification +mmr-based feature +parameter spaces +head automaton grammar +seed sentence +compound expression +relational database technology +closed caption news +automated processing +tagger +automatic capitalization +function optimization +tree generalization +bilingual clustering algorithm +document generation +bootstrap resampling +associative anaphora +bilingual text corpora +case role extraction +structural locality +ldoce +language-independent selztence alignment +rule-probability estimation +database organization +tree alignment +path-based inference rules +set theory +lexicai acquisition +hmm system +top human-ranked sentence plan +phrase extraction algorithm +emotional prosody +distributional segmentation +er +lexicon development and evaluation +learning procedure +standard benchmark +datr theory +lms +language usage +probabilistic context-free parsing +topic chaining +concept acquisition framework +lambda +f-structures +polynomial time recognition +ltag extraction +anaphoric reference +news journalism +grammar-based parsing +ambiguity rate +backward-crossed composition +machine-supported concept validation +predicate calculus form +lexicon-based segmentation +character-to-byte substitution +template extraction +parse forest +template generation +tfr analysis +revision learning +phrase ellipsis resolution +genbank sequence identifier +training database +sentence-level model +named entity tagging +sub-sentential alignment +phrase table smoothing +spontaneous speech understanding +nonunit production probability +vocabulary reduction +load detection +underspecified sense +multi-language named-entity +automated sentence compression +motion capture +statistical data +binary classifier +user behavior +lsommbl +information system +speech source +sog representation +segmentation pattern +word collocation +cooccurrence smoothing +partial match +discourse ordering +object-oriented database functionality +sentence importance +rouge measure +passage scoring +ne bootstrapping +speech act analysis +standard classification task +definiteness behavior +ibm translation +np adjunction +hierarchical segmentation +single stage mdp +presentation operator +negative construction +well-formed substring table +pause duration +bayes model +ebmt +multimodal information presentation +semantic types +sentiment retrieval +fsm toolkit +coercion interpretation +correspondence-based approach +nli processing +sequential target activation +hxical information +verb classification +neural network framework +hapax legomena +sms normalization +vector matrix +spontaneous conversation +computational semantics +genetic engineering +vp attachment +phrase formation +digital loop carrier +context free grammars +tag parsing +multimedia transformation +collocation-based term extraction +voicemail +recursive adjunction +proper names +Slavonic language +recursion mechanism +linguistic bias cbl +noun-noun compounding 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+feature collecting +degraded speech +asl natural language generation +spoken language corpora +syntactic analysis +model generation +possessive-noun +forest model +bag-of-words feature representation +community building +c + + +lexicalized grammar +case-based classification +translation knowledge building +lexical weighting +sense granularity +case frame acquisition +heuristic model selection +language interpretation and generation +connectionist parsing +entry tagger +information retrieval +validation process +finite state approach +parts-of-speech +duration +language subset +ldd resolution +referent-ordering +speech act recognition +declarative sentence +mmar induction +entity-oriented parsing +spell checker +ocher function optimization +offline optimization +ontology +phrasal node +subsumption hierarchy +large document collection +syntactic bracketing +baum-welch algorithm +rhetorical tree +transition jamming +significance vector representation +atn formalism \ +language model 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analysis +grammatical category information +full machine translation +passive clause +parallel interpretation +gene information retrieval +dependency reparsing +text classification +subsymbolic processing +polynomial-time generation +text critiquing +low complexity prediction +symbolic processing +parallel processing +discourse expansion process +mssm algorithm +word extraction +hfformation mapping +grammar formalisms +spoken-document retrieval +mechanisms +english pronunciation unit +off-line constraint propagation +reasoning technique +speech command and control +phological analysis +automatic word correction +category-based grouping +translator training +language +suffix pronunciation +negative binomial +animacy hierarchy +sentence analysis +answer reranking and validation +feature-based approach +vocabulary indexing +kernel +surface level information +statistical parsing model +speaker ' utterance +sequential inference +document comparison +natural-language generation +f score +near-duplicate document detection +keypoint detection +dag search +bengali verb +environmental compensation +f-structure information +sequential correspondence +sentence reordering +frame element +feature modification +idf scoring +automatic thesaurus extraction +sub-structural alignment algorithm +weight decay regularization +definite anaphor generation +estimation process +text-to-speech engine +katakana +computational linguists +syntactic expression +multi-class recognition +contextual reference resolution +speaker-specific modeling +question representation +restrictive planning +speech summarization +tag recognition +large comparable news corpus +user ' informational goal +parallel principle +semantic underspecification +chinese morphology +noun phrase translation +hanzi-level majority voting +conversational analysis +on-line parser generator +transfer grammar learning +discourse category +online adaptation +constructive proof +stack decoder +speak dialogue system +query 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base +reading +coreference system +presentational coherence +polynomial complexity generation +breath detection +speech recognition software +morphological hierarchy +graph-based partitioning +best-frrst parsing +fitness value +hierarchical planning +software engineer +node admissability +forecasting +qlf transfer +speech recognition accuracy +data oriented parsing +broadcast transcription +tree kernels +map adaptation +score evaluation +tree-based prominence prediction +dictionary compilation +word informativeness +cky bottom-up chart-parsing +string recognition +hpsg parse +binary notation +single-neuro tagger +knowledge engineering tool +bilingual corpus +dictionary extraction +hierarchy acquisition +weighted voting scheme +combined learning +training and testing data +word segmenter +fast converging optimization +lexical cohesion-based approach +free indexation +mapping rule +keyword enumeration +transitive verbs +partial chunk +four-step supervised learning algorithm +simulation technology +transliterator +information scoring +cfar scoring +duration model +linear text segmentation +knowledge retrieval +verb detection +reservation system +human language assessment +language analyser +lfg c-structure +selection statement +lexical learning system +abductive equivalential translation +multi-pass search +extraction and conversion rules +tiers measure +english tree +latent tree posterior +typed feature structure +combined presupposition-ra +short answer extraction +web-based language processing +prosodic prominence +% summarisation ratio +np representation +tag information +word alignement +content understanding +corner derivation graph +development set +bitext alignment +morphological classification +verb pattern generation +lr parsing +computerized information retrieval +interpolation coefficients +semantic feature extraction +binary estimation +substructural logic theory +morphological segmentation +word level disambiguation +computer aid second language learn 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modeling +exact meaning +knowledge-based text classification +discourse marker selection +chronological ordering algorithm +noun categorization scheme +head-corner parser +language variability +morphological disambigua +minimalist grammar +gradability +video analysis +hmm re-estimation +average string length +corpus-based semantic knowledge acquisition +generalized iterative scaling +resource description +variable substitution +probability model +muc-3 +search +discourse-based summarization +gist preservation +rareas +lexical preproeessing +annotation graph query language +multilingual voice transcription +word sequence +intelligent message retrieval +dutch speech synthesis +hybrid neural-net\/expert-system +automatic rule generation +triphone +speech translation +automated speech processing +management software +semantic roles +csr ( connect speech recognition ) corpus +prepositional attachment +letter-counting +summarization evalua +stack-based decoding +paraphrase classification accuracy +aggregate analysis engine +multipurpose information management +pattern classification +decidability +function annotation +thematic continuity +conversational robot +array processor +lexical entry +algorithm development +named entity scorer +perspective shifting +model parameter optimization +semantic grouping +semantic disambiguation +maximum likelihood criterion +pattern-matching +qualitative evaluation +plan recognition process +government phonology +lookahead +boundary representation +bitext-based lexicon evaluation +discourse anaphora +nltk +theory generation +enunciative situation +intelligent training system +bag-of-features modeling +interlanguage phonology +inside-outside parsing +context modelling +interact ive multimedia +probability-directed chart parsing +comparative summarization +byblos speech recognition +lexicm +lexicon-based spelling correction +affixation +class probability +knowledge representation language +feature merging +token +logical inference +german-to-english transfer +vpe resolution system +part-ofspeech disambiguation +abstract grammar encoding +distance matrix +information fusion +spanish morphology +language resource discovery +domain-specific information +generative phonological approach +np analysis +evaluation paradigm +ne classification +tdag construction +anaphora resolution rules +sorted logic +disposition +possible translation +language processsing +partitional clustering +duration prediction +parsing history +direct projection +graph generation +multilevel parsing +automated summarization evaluation +multi-dimensional category model +conversational speech recognition +natural-language database interface +montague treatment +unification-based processing +letter recognizer +projective parsing algorithm +ontology comparison +nonlocal dependency recovery +syntactic network +discriminative alignment +automatic language analysis +rapid propagation +information representation +constraint logic +np conjunction +reversible generation +text categorization tool +explanation-based learning ebl +subcategorization class +frame identification +maximum likelihood training +readability assessment +annotation program +many-to-one mapping +japanese summarization +ccg supertagging +language evolution +tone classification +unsupervised letter-substitution +predictive parser +type detection +np-chunks identification +fragment detection +example-based rescoring +underspecified discourse +wsj corpora +nonstructural coherence +argument detection +verb-classification +dynamic dependency parsing +text-image editing +agglomerative mutualinformation-based clustering method +taxonomy induction +subject-verb phrase +textual coherence +interlingual machine translation +term-recognition +surface similarity measure +phonetic modeling +query modification +heuristic rule selection +information context +iterative expectation-maximization +construction bidding management +treegram-index retrieval +bilingual generation +procedural knowledge representation +standardisation +singular indefinite noun phrase +commandtalk +corpos analysis +acoustic mapping +winword +flow chart +contingency table model +iterative boosting +language-independent extraction +description logic +bibliographic information retrieval +plot comparison +linguistic unit +pourpre +alignment link projection +encyclopedic rules +similarity-based alignment +tagger combination +interfaces +continuation-type cue +lexical representation +domain-independent text analysis +schemata compilation +phrase-based translation framework +input text +dialectal speech +cluster similarity +cg-style disambiguation +slot-scoring rule +gaussian smoothing +word extraction procedure +discourse processing +balanced tree +basenp +bayesian learning +linguistic context +biuniqueness +large-scale fact extraction +data flow +queries-by-example +itg space +bpref evaluation measure +inflectional language +expectation maximization +corpus-based language processing +pp attachment +infomap ontology +information structure +bigram language model +hill-climber +syntactic distance +natural language syntax +cepstral mapping +phrase processing +unrestricted text parsing +ifs feature selection +transducer inference +dp-based search algorithm +knowledge structures +sicstus prolog +tag derivation tree +linguistic terminology +english translation candidate +soft constraint relaxation +two-stages model +basque wordnet +common facts database +dictionary access +sds performance modeling +hmm ie system +question-reformulation +word alignment computation +unsupervised learn approach +derivation tree +matrix clause +multiclass classification +m-parser +static knowledge +alignment +single document summarization +micro-averaging method +hybrid kernel +machine-readable dictionary +pre-encoded knowledge +trigram-based statistical language modelling +summarization model +hybridization +document image analysis +entity phrase translation +evaluation speech recognition +noun phrase chunking +computational complexity +toshiba english-japanese translation system +interactive graphical analyzer tool +automatic pattern acquisition +machine translation output +system portability +lemmatization +step-wise feature selection +neumann architecture +sentence organization +lexical paraphrasing knowledge +opinion expression extraction +logical evaluation +generative parameter estimation +lexical distance +per +ellipsis +computational search +mutualinformation-based clustering +discourse entities +online learning +interactive knowledge +knowledge transfer +similarity metric +probabilistic learning +neural networks +computer scoring +mp3 corpus +well-formed feature structure +stochastic speech recognition +l-bfgs optimization +pronominalisation +message routing +groupaverage clustering +maxent-tagged corpus +context-sensitive grammar +informant presentation +syntactic agreement +semantic similarity +linguistic development platform +category pruning +syllable counting +outlier detection +deterministic sentence reduction +syntax annotation scheme +chunk parsing approach +learning method +instructional text +controlled indexing vocabulary +language search +lexical association +stochastic estimation +style model +pst learning algorithm +predictive parsing technique +tile testing +automatic feature engineering +modern information science +frequency counting +automatic text categorization +text readability +threshold voting +sentence-aligned corpora +language l +token identification +attribute elimination +binary classi cation +feature tagging +permissible hyphen point +hierarchical representation +electronic dictionary +zero pronoun +induction model +molecular biology entity +recursive descent parsing +query +Japanese text +frequency counts +document editing +sentence alignment method +quality assurance +maximum entropy +lexical transfer +constant multiplier +statistical sequence modeling +constraint network +packet assembler-disassembler +lexical analyzer +weak learning +trec corpus +CFG filter +time assignment +communicative expressivity +scope generation +complementary evaluation +conversational sequencing +lexical relation +compound noun interpretation +dictionary entries +chinese-english newswire text +storage allocation ~ +class-based language modeling +lexicase +first order formulae +meaning structure +concept conversion +structural correspondence +recognition improvement +dependency relation model +verb forms +open discovery +classification process +utterance planning +spectral normalization +object tracking +cohesiveness evaluation +do-it-yourself construction +multimodal information +automatic error-correction +search index +word co-occurrence mining +senonic modeling +patent map generation +relationship assignment +SMT +hierarchical taxonomy +names +speaker-independent recognition +secondorder optimization +mobile robot navigation +automatic sentence disambiguation +word alignment evaluation +belief ascription and inference +binary blog classification +euclidean distance +network knowledge representation +glencova pronoun resolution +contextual constraint +inheritance clause +island +kappa value +intelligence system +speech recognition +ltc weighting +knowledge communication +o\/information extraction +computer assisted translation +translation component +n-gram coverage score +order-sensitive string comparison +stochastic grammar +document selection +log-spectral representation +acoustic model adaptation +association-based word-aligment +english sentiment lexicon +associative similarity +selection statement generation +orthographically-based computer +f-structure +complete search +translation ambiguity +mention detection +single-best case +atns +protein tagger +computational problem +translation hypothesis +cooperative system dialogue +multi-lingual information processing +incremental sampling +one-vs-rest classification +window method +film summary creation +chart parsing algorithm +local encoding +lm +type raising +database entity +syntax-based constraint +disambiguation precision +interactive cross-language ir +document sulnmarization +bidirectional alignment +latent class +monte-carlo method +lambda-structures +lexieal access +clause-integrated analysis +unsupervised learning algorithm +word level +leaveone-out cross-validation +clause grammar formalism +empty category +example retrieval +recognition system \ +sbtg algorithm +english propbank data +stuttgart newspaper corpus +metonymy +word transliteration +scenario templates +iterative search algorithm +likelihood +pronoun-resolution module +lexical decay +learning algorithm +term subsumption +conversion method +main-verb detection +personal name disambiguation +source-to-target translation dictionary +chinese-english translation +noun phrase classifier +reference time marker +bottom-up left-to-right traversal strategy +thesaurus construction and maintenance +content-based evaluation +scientific writing +dynamic programming search +large-margin training +common noun modifier +ceptual graph formalism +tree alignment model +namedentity extraction +automatic feature extraction +resource management task +competency evaluation +dictionary expansion +hindi lexicon +class-based dependency model +soft feature selection +n-gram tagging +category transition +biomedical text processing +fixed alignment decoding +determiner choice +functional neurophysiology +programming process +bayesian network structure search +partialpwwing +transcript +fuzzy information retrieval +forward-pass search +knowledge representation +asp system +metagrammatical parsing +a statistical part-of-speech +pp constituent +neighbor classification +Arabic ' rich morphology +stratificational translation +ambiguity +content selection +machine lranslation +news article alignment +subsectional anaphora +statistical Mt system +mistake-driven learning algorithm +earley parser +inter-text entity coreference +metalanguage 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reasoning +prepositional phrase modifier +machine transliteration and back-transliteration +lbr left-corner parsing +logical formulas +frequency profiling +wide coverage English grammar +parallelization +korean noun extraction +fragment detection task +conversational text +ocr software +parsing process +token segmentation +arabic word analysis +lexicon enhancement method +logical-form language +multiple word\/phrase choice +noun phrase termination +greedb search +information selection +predictor +clausal interpretation selection +speaker segmentation +summary fusion +language identification research +uncertain domain knowledge +word sense acquisition +garbage collection +manual annotation +real-time continuous speech recognition +black-box testing +pronoun resolution system +frequency-based weighting +toplc\/comment sequencing +rhetorical status classifier +street name recognition +lat corpus +noun phrases +n-gram vector +protein-protein interaction +korean morphological analysis +language understanding and modeling +template filling +coarse-grained frameset-tagging +syntactical parser +english lexicalization +bayesian grammar +prepositional phrase attachment +hpsg +~ calculus theorem +semantic interpretation rules +learning rate +x-bar schemata +pitch accent classification +class disambiguation +nonterminals +word aligner +cooperative communication +action planning +biotechnology +declaration reasoning +ie knowledge discovery +sequent calculus +weakly supervised machine learning +cfl parsing +2-stage pseudo-relevance feedback +finite transducer +tfidf-based ir +domain modeling component +noun extraction +lexical chain extraction +language acquisition problem +head-driven phrase-structure grammar +complex reasoning +english text processing +collocation analysis +linguistic analysis +hmm recognition +translation model +multi-pass recognition +template-based generation +evaluation procedure +post-processing +speak language corpus +enumeration algorithm +adult language processing +dynamic constraint +lexical method +model reestimation +breathiness +phonological change +bigram tagging +path +extra-linguistic knowledge +factoid question +automatic ranking +natural language search engine +subject analysis +polarity specification +dtw classification +corpus level evaluation +lexical extraction +decision list algorithm +gold-standard sub-corpus +authorship obfuscation +greedy feature selection +decision-tree method +negotiation phase +scfg estimation +rhetorical information +opinion recognition and extraction +incremental model selection +key words +grammar case +word-aligned corpus +document re-ranking +protein name tagging +decision-tree learner +ungrammatical phrase +sequence tagging +metaphor interpretation +encyclopedia generation +multi engine machine translation system +eindhoven corpus +ontology evaluation +mesh +structure extractor +approximate inference +score fusion +arithmetic mean +paragraph selection technique +action capturing +query specification +bootstrap +content projection +article routing +type-based navigation +stochastic role assignment +pseudo-disambiguation task +decimal classification +help-desk support +relational grammar +l-bfgs parameter estimation +paraphrase knowledge extraction +document model +symbolic computation +penn treebank tag +dictionary search method +map generation +evaluation scheme +categorial grammars +content-selection +pronoun resolut\/on +hierarchy generation tool +local word reordering +discourse module +report generation +transducer determinization and minimization +japanese discourse +noise insulation +constituent pruning\/grammar specialization +unlabeled dependency +pagerankw +knowledke representation +recognition application +semantic representation +probabilistic translation +partial verb phrase fronting +partial-match retrieval +chunk tag +text chunk +maximum entropy principle +semantic chunk analysis +tree-based model +coding +pause segmentation +method combination +np government +partial-parser +naive bayes classification +implicit spelling error +imperative case +finite-state transducer +automatic plot analysis +knowledge elicitation +conceptual graphs \ +text mining +src nonlinear minimization +lsa-based summarization +reverse indexing +tree-insertion grammar +aac-nlg system +gap threading +disequa corpus +programming interfaces +lt-xml +graphical encoding +japanese-english machine translation +specialized terminology +quantified term +acronym attachment +grammar execution +speech production +focus tracking +focus maintenance heuristic +cluster matching +computer-mediated communication +deep language processing +non-destructive transfer +academic writing +verb similarity +linguistic engineering +morphological process +automatic tagging +game theoretic +context-free chart parsing +message generation +commonsense entailment +mandarin tts +english language generator +pattern-recognition +mwe extraction +scanned-document content retrieval \ +computer usage +gre algorithm +named entity dictionary +direct translation +tile inference +ambiguous wordform +dependency grammar induction +claws tagger +posteriori probability +corpora extractor +mono-directional decoding +parameter reduction +chinese-japanese word alignment +automatic recovery +reverse index +iloxf unification +quantitative reasoning +automata minimization +continuous density hidden Markov models ( CDHMM ) +compound query +multilingual processing +string similarity matching +semantic network representation +vocabulary test +compound retrieval +multi-document smnmarization +set-theoretical function +maximization algorithm +descriptive representation +feature-based phoneme specification +named entity tagger +grammar extraction and training +statistical test +image clustering +cation-based grammar parsing +language interfaces +visualization +two-step transfer +multi-layer segmentation +feature structure subsumption +sense annotation +message passing protocols +information agent +lexicon smoothing +biology corpus +system building +chunk-based statistical machine translation model +language-independent named entity recognition +english-hindi word alignment +free-style sentence +leftmost derivation +hpsg parse selection +np extractor +semantic transfer +structured language model +sound-to-letter generation +syntactic\/semantic information +weighted voting +htrge corpus +dialogue structure coding +chinese syntactic parsing +phrasal term identification +natural-language information retrieval +system training and testing +lvc identification +tutoring dialogue system +distortion probability +lexical ontologist +kanji input +direction-selective chart +lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars +public opinion monitoring +language processing paradigm +recursion +active learning paradigm +ranking order +sense disambiguation algorithm +resource sharing and development +garbage collector +urdu text-to-speech +contextual reference +context-free phrase structure +pairs of words +search engine indexing +anaphorie analysis +rule matching +dependency formalism +lexical processing +tropical semiring +summarizer-by-extraction +natural language indexing +machine-aided translation +geo-spatial resolution +ngram language model +broadcast news data +modem hebrew +reinforcement learning +spontaneous speech input +tree-based learning examination +vocal tract model +f-measure +tile reasoning +accuracy-based evaluation +statistical disambiguation +fragmentary parsing +statistical disambiguatiou +graphical user interface +knowledge representation and inference +deduction proof +textual annotation +case-based learning +push-down automata +word similarity +rich query language +beam pruning +extractive method +pattern similarity +cf phrase structure +ontological annotation +distributional impact +competitive activation +ckip dictionary +discourse representation structure +stochastic language model +coastal zone management +paragraph generator +co-reference relation +translation method +word string +annotate scheme +turkish corpora +run-time +normal form derivation +quotation structure +case theory +named-entity recognition +factual question +language generation task +induction framework +dictionary querying +hypothesis-driven node projection +cyk-style chart parsing +query frame +interactive dialogue translation +rule-based error correction +latent semaaltic analysis +interlanguage theory +categorical grammar +likelihood approach +constituency parsing +parallel annotation +line break insertion +text understanding +summative assessment +hybrid indexing +sentence planner +orthogonal matrix +online learning algorithm +intonation theory +multimodal integration +imperfective verb +relational evaluation +document information +eca tagger +document processing +modern greek elimination principle +constraint-based grammar +adverbial meaning +fuzzy inference +european language identification +chinese language processing +german word lemma +system-to-operator communication +timit database +pas method +information integration +lambek parsing +prior probability +generalized case frame +information retrieval and classification +human-aided machine annotation +feature weight +greedy clustering +abductive reasoning \ +case-based reasoning +testing lhe role +korean parsing +syntactic properties +selectional preference acquisition +projection algorithm +electric engineering +pattern co-occurrence +dialogue analysis model +dictionary-building +plan recognition inference +bottom-up clustering +monolingual collocation +tp constituent +unsupervised component +ihe generation +text classifier +oov word detection +production environment +personal information storage +vocabulary independent phone recognition +event spotting +planning process +multilingual lexicons +query classification +plan recognition problem +wordnet domains hierarchy +document classification +lattice node +resource integration +domain concept tree +dependency treebank +nlg syntactic\/lexical realisation component +markov branching processes +n-gram construction +tdt corpus +pruning task +forwardbackward search +personalized search +left-corner information +self-organising adaptation +mutual correspondence condition +relational structure +markov independence +labeled dependency parsing +incremental interpretation +maximal joint likelihood estimate +type unification +buchart parser +referential expression +geometric interpolation +part-wise parallelism +propbank style annotation +parse-tree syntactic distance +boundary marker +sub-structure mining +reverse engineering +recall degradation +phrase polarity +muc-ii corpus +learning approaches +noun-noun compound +conditional word +web content +phrase-for-phrase table +dependency trees +model order identification +order acquisition +direct production +decode algorithm +probabilistic language modeling +information brokering and distribution +hand tuning +main verb group identification +ir system +word grouping +preference selection +mgti technique +isolated-word recognition +shallow discourse structure +information entropy +partial parse tree +ner annotation +string handling +term coupling +segment-based hmm ie +word co-occurrence +grammar development +fact extraction approach +software agent +phrase translation accuracy +supervised sense disambiguation +corpus segmentation +transfer-based machine translation +top-down parser +som training +candidate extraction +collection-driven concept-relation technology +partial match criterion +pp modifier +speech recognition systems +answerhood +evaluation tools +dynamic string alignment +lexicalization +homophone error +natural language q&a +recursive-seareh +summarization technology +taum-aviation +semantic net +pattern recognition technique +treebank annotation +language parsing task +discourse-related information +supervised learning approach +kpml +annotation set +spectral equalization +event term +constraint generation +machine-aided translation system +theory +variable-length coding +bayesian propagation scheme +diacritizer +bool_comb value feature +iterative parsing algorithm +generative grarrmaar +dialog act +feature-based parsing +transitive verb +unification matching +topic-probability +subject classification +authorship detection +fitted parsing +automatic webgenre tagging +c model re-estimation +itspoke +three-tiered processing +government-binding theory +interlanguage modification +active conformity +psycholinguistic modelling +grammar derivation +hub +document-level sentiment +context-free rewriting systems +weighted finite-state transducer +nonzero posterior probability +querytranslation +lexical discourse +coreference chains +automated information retrieval +fast reading +tmification algorithm +feature matrix +segmentation \ +decision-tree growing +graph toolkit +information extractionsystem +test corpus +head-context +u-st parsing +transcription +context model estimation +csj corpus +metagrammar +automatic term discovery +score sampling +presumption checking +spoken language generation +run-time adaptation +standard linguistic discourse processing +naturallanguageprocessing +flexional morphology +boundary-based error rate +prosodic phrase +statistical models +frequency method +recipe +conversational cue +input normalization +shallow parsing +grammaticallity +cooperative response +voice dialog systems +computer-assisted item generation +phonological dictionary +bilingual dictionaries +background speech +rwcp text corpus +file parsing process +classiflcation +ppattachment +authorship identification +complex-termform recognition algorithm +re-estimation procedure +computer-human interaction +two-stage parsing +untagged corpora +pre-pausal lengthening +animation generator +google api +world-wide web +tiger corpora +probabilistic information +concatenative morphology +bounded local optimization +spelling reform +randomize sentence-plan-generator ( spg ) +maximum matching +lexical conceptual structures +bibliographic corpus +verbal projection +grammatical relation information +lexical knowledge +waveform generation +question answering session +lr table construction +concurrent processing +wh-construal construction +speaker-independent resource management +domain model +prolog development +morphological decomposition +udm strategy +preference acquisition +word sense disambiguation performance +statistical word alignment +non-unification computation +sampling +gisting +form-oriented description +IE paradigm +lexical paraphrasing +word frequency model +fast parsing +non-deterministic parsing +data development +speaker-adaptation +parameter grounding +cross-system evaluation +grammatical formalism sug +wsd algorithm +segmented corpus +classification quality +n-type approximation +query creation +part-whole relation +bound anaphora +single layer training +pruning +text ellipsis resolution +null matching +identity mapping +alphabet +gender-dependent segment model +shallow linguistic feature +nl system +events +temporal organization +semantic non-compositionality +corpus alignment +Node-based inference rules +corpus-driven processing +unsupervised sense disambiguation +transtype +vector space classifler +syntactic grammar +model +similarity calculation mechanism +mi method +interactive disalnbiguation +speech recognizer +performance evaluation system +ne corpus +visual feature extraction +heuristic +accuracy\/efficiency trade-off +dynamic modeling +feature filtering +generative syntax +df search +chart parsing mechanism +predeterminer +incremental relaxation technique +natural language quantifier +manually-developed wide-coverage tag sequence grammar +semantic concordance +bottom-up shift-reduce parser +man-machine communication +local-statistics-based disambiguation +monostratal representation +modeling language acquisition +human reader +tree log-probability maximization +population method +taxonomic hierarchy +local discourse behavior +dependency-lengthlimited parsing +english infinitival +anchoredness +frame tree +document type description +hh-construction +repair theory +speech recognition and production +information representation and exchange +natural-language prccesslng +programming language +word choice +segmentation level +reference assignment +mean adaptation +shift-reduce-style parsing +formal grammar +entity subtype +polysemous class +mt-based search +real-world text +baseline measure +communication +phonological rule induction +lexicon-based word hypothesizer +document layout +probabilistic synchronous dependency insertion grammar +quantifier approach +summarizaton system +corresponding perceptron +sentence-structuring +flexible user customization +hierarchical phrase alignment-based translator +search task +multidimensional scaling +model clustering +government binding theory +nonmonotonic reasoning +verb inflection paradigm +classitication +systeln +specialized corpora +recognition tools +blast 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processing +single-tapping method +local constraints +ip detection +automatic word-clustering +feature generation +semantic role parsing +item detection +metropolis algorithm +lfg-dop +treebank parse +language realization system +cross-language morphology +coarse matching +american news corpus +lexical data base +substitution instruction +name match probability +tree-to-string alignment +stop-word removal +equipment modelling +word\/n-gram matching +automatic meeting understanding +decision-tree part-of-speech tagger +semantic autonomy +co-training-based paraphrase extraction +bootstrapping method +semantic dialogue units +case schemata +bigram feature selection +parallel beam-search parsing +telephone service +transduction +pola grammar technique +nmchine learning +tagger\/lemmatizer +psychometric testing +monotonicity restriction +np expansion +nmmory-based learning +chinese discourse treebank +term reweighting scheme +on-line parsing +sentence alignment program +definite noun phrase +natural communication +prioritized theorist +one-vs-rest scheme +psychological behavior +error recovery +ggnf definite grammar scheme +cue selection and placement +dependency-based parsing +document class +convolution tree +psycholinguistic work +regression mechanism +word-based trigram language model +ibm model +speech-based natural language understanding +terminological knowledge representation +rdf metadata repository +decision support +principal component analysis +near-duplicate detection +morpheme boundary discovery +linguistic template matching +8-fold crossvalidation +monolingual query +web-based extraction +tree description grammars +native-code compiler +trigram training +normal state implicature +rule-based system +language understanding technique +speech graffiti-grammaticality +word-distance estimator +tree automaton +single-document summarization method +broadcast news transcription system +english parse +speech analysis +interpolation scheme +feature-term logic +lambda 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model +on-line activation +rule-based learning +answer prediction +morphology shape +frequency weight +speech segmentation +structural parallelism +pyml machine +key-word +inference type +taxonomic weighting +correction recovery +memory processing +spontaneous speech corpora +randomization testing +crosslexica +unlexicalized parser +bottom-up generation +automatic diagram design +semantic category \ +english spoken document retrieval +tile lexicon entry +non-deterministic backtracking +text classification category +sequential morpheme extraction +information retrieval technology +parsing speech +query enhancement +part of speech tags +structural reasoning +abstraction morphism +pronoun disambiguation +grammatical structure +character-based indexing +contextual spelling correction +relation type classification +latent semantic analysis +predictive left-corner parser +fixed sentence translation +interactive speech understanding +instruction generation +cognitive science program 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+distance optimisation problem +reason maintenance +phoneme-to-text conversion +example-based machine translation +queue reordering +dialogue evolution +dichotomizer +verb-based grouping +macro-averaging +natural language generator +inflected forms +canonical reduction +xslt-based annotation integration +generation framework +signal processing +nallsation analysis +word tagging +association score +semantic transfer mt +nl-expression +ssm recognition +translators +concept generalization +claws tag +natural language tools +speech segmentation algorithm +forest unpacking +grammatical theory +fidditch parser +hybrid text classification +multi-lingual toolkit +agent interaction pattern +constituent structure +majority class baseline +biomedical information +syntactic class +tile slot +posterior probability estimation +concept-to-speech generation +front-end design +greedy training +signature generation +ifametonymy recognition +morpho-syntactic variation +computer science research +segmentation processing +coherence analysis +boosted decision tree +spoken dialog systems +pundit +parser state +text structuring +anaphor resolving +multi-dimensional classifica +gate document manager +morphological category +multi-cost alignment +superarv +word shape tagging +syntactic chunking +multilingual speech +ipa notation +narrative natural language +lexical analysis tool +two-level morphology +topic tracking +japanese technical term +performance evaluation method +phrase attachment +semantic lexicon induction +quantification +medical corpus +user modeling system +energy posture +sentence comprehension +technical terms +unit selection algorithm +lexicalized training +lfg rule +hmm viterbi training +meeting processing +decoder parameter +summation model +decision tree model +java library +distribution-based pruning +morpheme identification +event identification and analysis +phonotactic information +textual structure +transducer training +dependency tree node +part-of-speech tagging system +sentence translation +frequency indicator +sentence understanding +recognition platform +variant-enhanced smoothing +psycho-narration +linearisation grammar +constituent tree +waveform concatenation +english phrase structure +term subjectivity +document modeling +anaphora tree +bilingual tree loss function +accusative case assignment +worst-case parse time complexity +multi-stack search algorithm +supervised learning problem +add-lambda smoothing +speech channel +gradient reranking +information retrieval\/extraction +utterance meaning +member sequential selection +lexicalized learning +delaunay refinement +zero-width negative lookahead assertion +real-time spoken language translation +document cluster +fast match +relation disambiguation +noun phrase generation +linguistic deduction +distributed processing +document assignment +word translation and transliteration +information-theoretic clustering +programming language standardization +ensemble method +termination condition +semantic case +back-transliteration +biomedical domain +6-fold cross validation +phrase-based statistical machine translation method +reflexivity +visualization method +evaluation algorithm +semantic construction +linear model +fact extraction +tree transcription +top-down rule +speak language understanding +left-to-right processing +phoneticization algorithm +question formation +weighting +generalized parallel backoff +atis ( air travel information system ) domain +nonlinear warping +parsing paradigm +cascaded finitestate parser +ontology markup language +short-answer reading comprehension +editing operation +time-synchronous viterbi-style beam search +discriminative approach +computational control +computational grammar development +sequential tagging +source sentence +programming interface +fixed word order +extensional reference +sentence compression tool +recursive scoring +hypothesis testing +lexical ambiguity resolution +tig parsing +disarnbiguafion +temporal event analysis +stepwise feature selection +neural network training +feature percolation +clustering analysis +computational approach +real-time computer-based ~ nforrnation retrieval +ferret +definite description resolution +equipment maintenance +cluster evaluation +c-structure\/f-structure pair +word recognizer +language-generation +retrieval performance +rule-compilation +linguistics +untagged text +segmentation ambiguity +indexing +segment duration normalization +analogical transfer +arabic text categorization +corpus preparation +automatic learning +human knowledge +nondeterministic derivation +harmonic sieve +redundancy elimination problem +processing platform +unsupervised open-text word sense disambiguation +gibbs sampler +complex noun +handwriting recognition +discourse-marker identification +suffixation rule +discourse processing algorithm +full-form lexicon +segment-wise discriminant function +term formation +induction +turkish morphology +telephone shopping +information availability +generative diagram design +dialogue clarification +hardware search engine +paragraph analysis +noun analysis +multimodal ambiguity resolution +man-machine collaboration +Word Identification +multi-word alignment +group identification +feature preprocessing +lexico-syntactic template +automatic document summarization +biomedical resource +syntactic template +language classification +temporal term weighting +morphosyntactic mapping +intonation +two-phase semantic role labeling +casual speech +narrative text +production rule +supervised bootstrapping +earley-style parsing +subsequential transducer +finite-state parser +discourse relations +lexico-semantic information +technical term +polynomial time solution +mandarin chinese +pair identification +polarization +verb selection +data redundancy +parameter re-estimation +relational data base +hangeul-hanja conversion +semantic categorization +element selection +channel theory +semantic analyzer +n-best chunker +heuristic plan recognition +noun similarity +ontological mediation +modifier-modificand relation +output realization +dialog manager strategy +alignment selection +multi-learner bootstrapping +polynomial time induction +switchboard telephone speech +expert domain knowledge +owl lite +object alternation +formal language +computer speech +grapheme-based speech recognition +double negation +parsing method +document boundary +log-odds ratio +automatic query translation +deep syntactic parse +dialog management +dirichlet distribution +inferences principle +elementary tree +multiparadigm programming system +local clustering +paragraph relevance +hypothesis +local area network +chinese prosodic phrase prediction +script generation and retrieval +expression pattern matching +spoken language research community +antonymous adjectives co-occurrence +swedish syntax +dialogue history +connected word recognition +symmetric conditional probability +reading assistance +medline search tool +probabilistic entailment detection +lisp machine +syntactic tree +tree-structured translation +empty element recognition +discourse segmentation +generalized phrase-structure grammar +weightmg +transitive graph +chinese part-of-speech tagging +constraint programming +meaning-text theory +limited-domain speech translation +bultreebank project +thesis statement identification +supervised document classification +discriminative language model +time-synchronous search +ngram modeling +language transfer +opinion summarization +legal text hierarchy +viterbi-style beam search +topic modelling +top-down tree automata +domain cross-validation +dutch pronunciation +term processing +dictionary consultation +feature convention +long-form validation +network transformation +system evaluation +augmented context-free grammars +programming matching +linguistic realization +language switching +pyramid evaluation +word trigram +conversion technology +fuzzy quantifier +tree induction +information filtering +unsupervised tagging +definite description +hou algorithm +ensemble learning +tile description +lexical change +cataloguing +semantics research +sri language modeling +metrical encoding +gaussian mixture model +interlingual mechanism +model training +training and test data +collection-driven concept-relation +tree grammars +slot grammar framework +word log-likelihood +text-input error correction +task-efficacy evaluation +paragraph representation +winnow method +note-taking +lexico syntactic pattern +text normalization +noun compounding +speech recognitio n +margin algorithm +conceptual domain +frame element classification +verb-object pair +japanese word-dependency tree +intersentential ellipsis +context conditioning +model probability +ontology induction +user modeling component +lemmatiser +analyser +parse tree path +igtree algorithm +gazetteer +structure assignment +similarity match +word lattice search +metadata building +tile boolean expression +predicative argument +ontology-based information extraction +multi-level analysis +list marker +heuristic matching +human query formulation +smoothing +intention +spontaneous speech-to-speech dialog translation +caseframe notation and parsing +bosnian +linear time search +meaning-level representation +bag-of-words method +coupling +bp detection +speaker role identification +multilingual link detection +shortest matching +cluster validation +linguistic information +unfold\/fold transformation +information extraction task +decision tree +ace relation detection +word segmentation and pos tagging +domain-dependent knowledge +nlp pruning +search request translation +phrasestructure parsing +closure principle +dictionary-making +pgf-inspired parsing +model bootstrapping +speaker utterance +clustering model +empirical results +bilingual parser +chronological information +plcg parsing +variable elimination +corpora training +linguistic knowledge base +bayesian smoothing +parameterization +optimization criterion +linear context-free rewriting +indaxation +dynamic-programming-based beam search +multivariate gaussian mixt ~ +list re-ranking +time switching +english law +grammar development environment +thesaurus induction +text indexation +reduction rule application +medline +technical dictionary +candidate parse +chinese retrieval +Paul +function word identification +bayesian combination +lexical context +presentation manager +pairwise alignment +computer-based indexing tool +public domain software +k-class classification +analysis cost +state-based training system +discourse entity +anaphoric relation +htk toolkit +n-gram frequency analysis +finite-state approximation +word set base representation +information worker +multi-level transfer +military theory +dt training +memm-based word segmenter +etiology +noun expansion database +conll-x +prepositional modifier +computer architecture +speech perception +topic spotting +rule completion +phrase labeler +communication theory +instance-based surface realization +sparse sequence alignment +ambiguity packing +feature type analysis +part-of-speech +statistics-based translation +dialog system development +np bracketing +supertag path +abbreviation resolution +wsd model +biography classification +data augmentation +parameter optimization +natural language proce +interactive information processing +ill-formed input +disambigualion +automated rule generalization +cky-like parsing +wordnet taxonomy +sentiment word +human-human corpora +network communication +semantic frame +ontology population method +word sense disambiguation ( WSD ) models +feature +language-independent form +loglinear model +transcription labeling +dative adjunct +verb form information +inference control +vocalization +copular verb +string-based modeling +tree projection +nb learning +japanese speech recognition +bottom-up parsing +co-occurrence frequency counting +early-type parser +byblos system +mutual information modeling +target domain +parameter selection +information bit rate +reliability analysis +supervise training datum +shift-reduce model +example selection +computer system +linguistic analysis tool +sentential complements +phrase ordering +type checking +knowledge acquisition and integration +iterative acquisition +joint probability +triphone cooccurrence smoothing +restoration procedure +bllip wsj corpus +intermediate representation level +lexical segmentation +unigram method +finite-state acceptor +latent relational analysis +statistical tagging +domain-oriented tlisamblguation +automatic categorization +coreference resolution performance +sdcn +relational databases +message +annotation framework +prosodic model +common noun classification +program interfaces +dt construction +sentence splitting code +message coherence +clause intonation +named entity translation +transmission-line parallel-processing +japanese segmentation +plan-recognition +language training +semantic correction +entity scoring +grammar approximation +synonym acquisition +fighter aircraft environment +croatian +sing unification +word sense annotation +semantic ambiguity resolution +weight-selection +terminological entry +supervised clustering +functional role +document relevance +lexicon acquisition and maintenance +speech recording and playback +block alignment +lexicalized sub-tree +verbal predication +learning domain +document relevancy +morphological analysis +lexical generalization +phrase labeling +randomized algorithms +interactive manipulation +event actor +dual scaling +skimmer +kuhn-munkres algorithm +tree +eigenvalue-hased decomposition music +pragmatic information +relative distance +fine-grained named entity classification +example-based verb sense disambiguation +semantic dependency net +thematic closeness +system integration +telephony banking +k-best parsing +recommender +knowledge acquisition bottleneck +word-to-word translation +meta-level grammar +syntactic variation +visual display +email speech act +interaction requirement +echo-cancellation procedure +speech recognition device +semantic domain +grammatical function ranking +translation system evaluation +context-free grammars +data-driven reasoning +conversational system +vertical search +wordnet sense-tagging +gender classification +text analysis program +embody conversational agent +human-robot interaction +recognition framework +cross-language text retrieval +parallel projection +normal-form parsing +rule specification +word matching +rocchio correlation +transcription engine +document vector +word order typology +automatic paraphrasing +vocabulary growth +acyclic transducer +confidence score +descriptive language +anaphora annotation +adnominal phrase attachment +sequence analysis +pipelined natural language generation +system development and debugging +text-classification learning +error classification +multi-field extraction +trump representation +termination criterion +morphologic recognition assistant +nrrc corpus +rule-based phrasing +grammatical constraint satisfaction +surface-word-based matching +sensedisambiguation +language identification algorithm +language parser\/generator +kullback-leibler divergence criterion +story link detection +similarity score +morphological variation +monolingual speech retrieval +graph construction +attitude revision +automated natural language analysis +planner +t-test output +ambiguity resolution +customer support +logic +semantic constraints +miscommunication +sequential classi cation +sub-topic correspondence +telecommumcauon +semi-automatic transformation +error correction +interpolation technique +sesame framework +optimization strategy +text generation research +topic determination +unsupervised evaluation +subtask labeling +text routing +monotonic reasoning +automated evaluation +deep language analysis +bilingual terminology compilation +entailment pair classification +schmm re-estimation +lexical semantic verb classification +logic programming \ +fragment extraction +toolkit +corpus-based natural language processing +verb-level negation +mutual-information +encoding scheme +depth-first backtracking +language-independent editing +parsing engine +text dictation system +adaptive training +stimulus manipulation +author-supplied sectioning information +event structure metaphor +tile distance +predicate-argument extraction +ioncl-distance movement equation +superficial parsing +structured string-tree correspondence +text classification \ +word-sense disambiguation algorithm +model training and testing +domain-specific prosody +speaker identity and gender +speech coding +giati monotonization +context similarity estimation +lexieal choice +forward search +underspecified discourse representation +hypo legal reasoning system +error rate estimator +entropy-based algorithm +temporal relationship +multilingual alignment +text processing system +lancaster-oslo\/bergen corpus +predictive analyzer +task-dependent knowledge +hypothesis reordering +rule-based interactive query modification +multivariate standardization +mi-ngram modeling +entity extraction +small training corpora +structural ambiguity +activity decay scheme +horizontal error detection +automatic reasoning +n-gram language modeling +entropy estimation +linear search +extraction paradigm +symbolic machine learning +semantic validation +term similarity +abstract translation +filter transducer +contra-indexing +best-first probabilistic chart +essay explanation +schema definition +direct projection algorithm +vmm learning +equational theory +pos sequence +humanhuman dialogue +paraphrase acquisition +length distribution +document-aligned corpora +route description generation +semantic-based transfer +monotonicity condition +syntactic and semantic expectation +textbook +adaptive disambiguation +ontological primacy +network deduction rule +adjunction argument +human language learning +template-driven utterance generation +witten-bell back-off +reasoning model +indexings +models +personal pronoun +annotation-projection +goi-taikei japanese lexicon +application programming interfaces +lemmata +markov model estimation +gelfand-ravishankar-delp expansion-pruning +statistical indexing +kullback-leibler divergence +language parsing technique +close bracket predictor +synonym matching +speech synthesis device +depth-first strategy +set partition +appearance similarity +monotone search +dynamic programming parsing +spoken-language parsing +word identification +word recognition algorithm +lhc processing flow +japanese-to-english machine translation +machine translation training +automatic construction +attribute extraction +context-group discrimination +automatic hypertext construction +memory-based learning +word-based approach +x-bar syntax +template coreference +data coding +intelligent tutoring system +language discrimination +web-based machine translation +hanja correspondence selection +directinterpretation +phrase expansion +tense compatibility +morpheme segmentation +agent processing +mergesort +quality judgment +penn chinese treebank +arda aquaint project +english np chunking +knowledge building +argumentative sentence +level assessment +map estimation approach +recognition language model +mln parameter estimation +summarization component +inflection identification +back-off algorithm +single phase alignment +textual inference +embedded clause +semi-automated extraction +global syntactic analysis +information sources +back-off smoothing +maximally-efficient discourse-processing +protein information +intra-sentential anaphora +trilingual alignment +binary sentiment +text-to-speech synthesis +principle-and-parameters language framework +question-answering human\/computer interface +chinese characters +document\/document comparison +history-based parsing approach +marker identification +word category prediction +corpus creation +occurrence restriction +monitoring +lexicographic information +acquisition procedure +automatic population +case insensitivity +file management +edit operation +ordered hierarchy +name phrase matching +stochastic tagging +redundancy-based correction +cue identification +speech repair +cf language recognition +scope disambiguation +machine learning methods +disambiguation knowledge +semantic argument parsing +structure alignment +tutoring +distribution-based pruning method +associative knowledge +feature structure-directed generation +hpsg derivation +phrasal smt +terminology compilation +top-down clustering +propagation algorithm +citationcounting +decausativization +minipar dependency parser +Arabic-English translation task +child language acquisition +language models +semiautomated knowledge-extraction +xml markup +increlnental translation +pattern detection +lattice manipulation +automatic abstraction +dna sequence matching +gene tagger +hindi translation disambigation +suffixes +syntactically-informed statistical machine translation +context feature +dialogue macrogame theory +formal query language +lexical-cohesion and conversational feature +large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition +ular inference +technical corpora \ +lambda-abstraction +text summarization evaluation +machine translation aid +name association +dialogue corpus +collaborative annotation +description language +learnability +syntactic position +web-oriented technology +head nod +instant messenger +character-based tagging +subcategorization information +textual units +mathematical modeling +discourse task +speech model +matrix factorization +levenshtein automaton +deconvolution +word fragment +message queuing +signal compression +correspondence extraction +opinion detection and analysis +word segmentation +grouping process +attribute-value structure +uniform feature weighting +typography +list training +annotation markup language +categorial selection +maximum match +argument +statistical natural language parser +conflict resolution +user-controlled search +hownet +reference identification +entity extractor +american english +proof building +edr corpus +nearest-neighbour classifier +crf model +static language modeling +cancer classification +natural language processing systems +syllable +automatic speech recognition technology +language technology +cepstral energy +production rules +computational technology +semframe +feature subset selection +structure determination +compositional method +summarization method +file searching +semi-automatic evaluation +similarity method +evaluation metric +logical form representation +sign translation +relational database +unlabeled dependency accuracy +chi-tfidf +quantifier shuffling +patent claims +isolated word recognition +implementation technique +discourse structure +charniak sentence parser +entity hierarchy +multilingual text generation +dictionary analysis +modified standard orthography +fixed-arity term unification +sense discrimination +test phase +database record +partial flattening +knowledge-building +parametric model +nist scoring +morphological tokenization +predicate selection +natural language engineering +database construction +lattice decoding +hypothesis selection +speech graffiti grammaticality +max-max reranking +text-to-scene conversion +status classifier +deep case relationship +arabic ocr +serialization +japanese ontology goi-taikei +left-recursion +bilingual lexicography +keyphrase +sub-supertype information +non-projective dependency +case-marking +corpus-based surface generation +lexical ambiguity +trainable classifier +rlsc regressor +text corpora +text tagging +query building +lexicon-based representation +venir +speech recognition task +genie english generator +gradient descent search +pronunciation training +dialogue performance +hanquery search engine +web retrieval +generalized composition grammar +parse-tree analysis +loss estimation +intensional logic +bilingual training corpus +parsing-as-deduction +smalltalk +beam search method +data-driven approach +lfg parsing architecture +discourse planning +polarity-tagged corpus +functional composition +answer ranking and re-ranking +ranking method +chronological ordering +paragraph extraction +Explicitation +expression recognition +opinion monitoring +f-1 measure +advanced speech recognition +part of speech tagging +HBG +conditional probability strategy +brute force search +translation evaluation method +rankboost +frequency estimation +multimedia information +memory-based tagging +tdmt ( transfer-driven machine translation ) +proper name +stratified sample +phrase mapping score +event sequence expression +hypothesis generator +user interaction +transformation-based tree +hypothesis scoring +multimodal utterance +kernel computation +topic grouping +structural specification +knowledge-based processing +english proficiency measurement +summary response generation +communication framework +incremental procedure +text-understanding system +natural language comprehension +vector similarity assessment +right-hand side +cross-language understanding +unsupervised approach +sign detection and translation +kernel density estimation +subdialog processing +ltag representation +tree transducer +interagent communication language +case frame tree +graph embedding +italian all-words sense disambiguation +multi-lingual text +decision-tree tagging +terminology detection +entity disambiguation +structural repetition +acronymattachment +speak language system +rotation estimation +phrase disambiguation +emacs +mention detection and recognition +treebank parsing +speech error correction +rhetorical-based summarization +atn parsing +adaptive planning +input string +translation mining +backtracking-based parsing +subtree-depth _ +sensetagged training +noun compound disambiguation +language retrieval +utterance selection +triplet-based hierarchical graph clustering +word sense disambiguation ( wsd ) +tbl training +bilingualdictionary +medical corpora +document retrieval evaluation +concatenative speech synthesizer +syntactic structures +prepositional phrases +language interface architecture +text re-generation +bonferroni correction +time adjunct +topicorganized corpora +interpolated kneser-ney smoothing +noise adaptation or mitigation +string kernel +topic definition generation +pattern abstraction +statistical terminology translation +parallelism +foreign language +interaction design +automatic mention recognition +ifsa segmentation +linguistic realizer +treebank grammar +entropy formulation +gap-threading +intensional meaning +automatic documentation +natural language classification +morphosyntactic description +serial decomposition +dependency determination +stem translation probability +head wrapping +parameter tuning +tree-based predicate-argument recognition +model rescoring +simultaneous interpretation +event network +automatic word clustering +style accuracy +lexicon merging +english suffixation +feature space +ne recognition performance +typed feature logic +unit function +focus shifting +human interference +phrase structure grammar +wsd program +sequential machine +character error rate +numerical stability +tag parser +protein names +morphological agreement +tutoring dialogue +fine-grained scoring system +rhetorical relation +opinion entity extraction +dependent-context +translation choice method +shallow knowledge engineering +english spelling model +recognition software +email-specific summarisation +value grouping +tree-bank +search1 engine +verbal dialogue act +v-fom cross-validation +lexical type database +text-to-text alignment +gui builder +linguistic expression +system-initiated clarification +automarie subjectivity recognition +headline generation evaluation +nl parsing +context-free languages recognition +semantic knowledge representation +generative lexicon theory +speech recognition technology +scheduling dialogue +language disambiguation +automatic summarization +natural language access +query completion +sbar structure +language and speech processing +referent +thai ocr +phonetic research +semantic-head-driven generation +word domain disambiguation +batch testing +evaluation function +subcategorization acquisition +two-level rule +chart-based search +microplanning +list extraction +estimation algorithm +top-down deduction +speech mining +cue phrase disambiguation +external knowledge +user interface +syllabification task +content based information retrieval +one-to-many translation +computer-aided language learning +sentence fusion system +domain feature ranking +back-propagation +linear-time chart parsing +definition analysis +task-based evaluation +biomedical entity recognition +window-based segmentation +symbolic classification +parsing research +belief noise +customization +knowledge management +document understanding +key phrase +modeling dialogue +recognition assistant +type structure +termlist translation +acquisition task +pattern definition +distance parsing +fragment processing +lexicography +interactive paraphrasing +language model building +parser reranking +language disambiguation task +penn treebank tagset +weak classifier +pronoun anaphora +galton-watson +path-elimination +syntactic catconstruct tree +relation ranking +tnt tagger +unsupervised stemmer +gr extraction +dialogue schema +text realization +weighted bipartite matching +inferential theory for natural language presupposition +chinese segmentation +supervised harvesting +twa dataset +pivotal construction +named entity detection +discourse attachment +empty tree +network evaluation +incremental concept formation +automated natural language processing +speech toolkit +lexical bigram +text-to-speech system +structured query translation +semi-automatic human-machine dialogue simulation +discourse annotation +web search +summarization evaluation research +active\/passive sentence voice +scope preference +structure manipulation +error minimization +error mining and detection +approximate search +morphology discovery +term assignment +extrinsic evaluation +web page collection +feature engineering process +gene names +distributional learning +context reduction +word vectors +hash coding +significance filter-ing +stack-based model +segmentation corpora +single character location +subject\/object extraction +dcg compilation +control flow +term alignment +system training +explicit topic information +decoding procedure +fledback query processing +internet movie database +spelling-error correction +relation attribute +efficient grammar compilation +penn treebank style corpora +penn discourse treebank +syllable combination +error character +conversion procedure +user browsing +cross referencing +chunk parser +keyword analysis +decision tree approach +inconspicuous collocate +text indexing and query +learning environment +interactive relevance feedback +syntantic mismatch +semantic chunking +contour +document-level answer retrieval +soft clustering +real-valued feature +left-to-right surface-based elementary unit identifier +synthesized speech +selectionist learning +subtype classification +semantic pattern +language modeling knowledge +lexical relation discovery +relative clauses +single article summarization +translation precision +semantic category +16-fold cross validation +human language +document detection +pronoun choice +parse score weight +tile transformation +xml markup system +language processing engine +unbalanced class distribution +ontologyalignment ormatching +translation disambiguation +common sense knowledge +probability distribution +treebank training +cooccurrence-based method +sense approximation +open source environment +cross-lingual validation +un-normalized confusion matrix +decision tree learning +on-line translation +novelty detection +lexeme acquisition +tagging task +pcfg parsing +confirmation management +word or semantic error rate +cluster transcription rule +lsa research +bag of words +multivalent pdf extracttext +candidate extraction pattern +distributional similarity +colloquial speech +indefinite noun phrase +optical character recognition +intelligent planning assistant +candidate term +left-recursion elimination +knowledge organization +equivalence determination +lexicalist parsing +processing approach +word type alignment +argument cluster coordination +expression evoking +phone-based recognition +language processing\/understanding +lexical database system +cluster recovery +feature derivation +source-expressesopinion relation extraction +nouns +recursive structure +ellipsis restoration +sentence parsing and understanding +system architecture +comparable corpus +human judgment +darpa naval resource management +local alignment +animacy recognition +hill-climb +phrase-based indexing +rhetorical structuring +grosjean corpus +abbreviation +speed-based evaluation +syntactic phrase structure +acceptproposal message +tree elaboration +data retrieval +linguistic filter +essay assessment +plot-comparison +multi-reference word +data accumulation +rule-based inference +harvesting +data collection initiative +content planning +discourse-relevant purpose +language understanding and generation +natural language querying +backoff model +information model +human speech +expert system explanation +pircs retrieval +understanding module +conversation system +elliptical fragment +function labeling +sprint +relationship information extraction +automated reasoning +left-to-right parsing +text categorisation +selection algorithm +direct induction +unified medical language +bilingual term extraction +category selection +irregular orthography +discriminative modeling +broadcast news +question types +null grammar +text classiflcation +hypernym-labeled noun hierarchy +language query system +semantic label +linguistic pre-processing +blackboard architecture +unsegmented dialogue-act annotation +language question parser +dictionary definition +cky chart parsing +head-driven strategy +breadth-firs % parsing +presentation agent +time to solution +count-based feature selection +database curation +alignment method +hill climbing +grammar network construction +anguage understanding +hand-crafted knowledge +dynamic programming procedure +cluster selection +semi-supervised training procedure +speech part classification +automata toolkit +information state +lexical coverage +parser +argument-adjunct interpolation +discourse marker lexicalization +rst-based planning +pcfg model +trie construction +keyword weighting +prague dependency treebank +table row recognition +multilingual coreference resolution +x-schema-based inference system +extractive summarization +tile distortion model +semantic representation matching +ctb dataset +disjunction elimination +acyclic finite state automaton +lexical parsing +nonlocal checking +indefinite noun +computational system +japanese text retrieval +data systems +qristal +semiautomatic annotation +relational database management +language processing software +acoustic-phonetic component +answer completeness and uniqueness +n-gram model +structure recognition +positional indexing +parallel texts +f-measure training +viterbi generation +lalr table building +definitional question answering +multi-modal lnteraction \ +temporal relation determination +thesatmm construction +relation extraction method +functional grammar +discourse level taggingtool +pragmatics processing +speech indexation +text genre detection +learning approach +word sense selection +gazetteer lookup +nlp\/language engineering +white noise +text categorization lnethod +smt translation +spoken dialogue corpora +pitch accent recognition +cmu communicator +backtracking procedure +automatic mt evaluation +tree structure +svm model +orthographic transcription +guage translation +company name recognizer +java servlet +stylistic adjustment +web searching +grammatical complexity +finite state modeling +probabilistic lexical tagger \ +background knowledge +ontology representation +lalr table generation +probability modeling +korean chart parser +subset construction determinization +software system +finite state translation +topical significance +basenp recognition +interlingual machine-translation +global selection +discriminative named entity recognition +description generation +transliteration similarity approach +thai ocr research +max-margin estimation +dpocl planning +intelligent information retrieval +maximum-entropy parsing +word level alignment +knowledge component +temporal expressions +utfification function +opine +complexity generation +text searching +causal reasoning +kullback-liebler divergence +thesaurus generation +machine learning software +explicit domain knowledge +case-based machine translation +semantic classification trees +japanese parsing \ +statistical part-of-speech tagger +codeword-dependent neural networks +2-d shape recognition +sense selection algorittun +language\/codeset recognition +move +word correction +lisp object system +igtree decision tree +modelling algorithm +hierarchical phrase alignment +hypothesis test +annotators +bidirectional decoding +hierarchical lexicon +authorship recognition and verification +segmental clustering +dialogue progression control +japanese analyzer +biorat evaluation +markers\/selection restriction +expectation-maximisation +nlachine translation +node reduction +minimalism +noun phrase length +case frame induction +machine translation pipeline +lazyboosting +path consistency +single error rate +genre identification +symbolics lisp machine +language dialog interface +large-vocabulary cross-language information retrieval +euroword-net +meeting summarisation +word processing +countrywide communication +translation probabilities +human-system interaction +instance bootstrapping +monte carlo parser +syntactic form +n-best weight estimation +pen-path length +utterance generation +language processing toolkit +cobweb +transition probability +iterative beam search +feature term extraction +phrase extension +structured stack +compiler technology +linear combination +multimodal communication +structures discovery +biology entity identification +machine evaluation +linear algebra +operational semantics +semantics resource construction +viterbi algorithm +conslituent boundary parsing +lexical realization model +head-driven bottom-up +ocr-based text acquisition +phrase tagging +indefinite noun phrases +rating classification +subgrammar extraction +cue words +church-gale alignment +pattern generalization +text structure pattern +fitness-based selection +hybrid method +word-based matching +accuracy +bootstrap sampling +v-fold cross-validation +semantics analysis +bracketed d-tree representations +system-building +sentence length model +segment +paragraph-based alignment +enever obstacle detection +frequencies method +text-structuring +continuous understanding +dialogue control +audio\/video search +fact +average interaction time +cfg parsing +relativization +pen-based gesture input +damsl +subset mining +semantic interpretation +sentence length and perplexity +clbigram +inquery retrieval system +daikou-reference +data recorder +da discrimination +table building +event detection +relaxation labeling +lattice construction +ebl learning +k-means clustering +25-fold cross-validation +target language synthesis +illocutionary act +phrase type +non-literal aspect of communication +listener +email summariser +discourse action +tree-adjoining grammar ( tag ) +speech recognizer training +darpa communicator +text-snippet extraction +hierarchical ontology +multi-lingual speech-to-speech translation +recall-enhancing +french word +redundant information +correlations +bilingual lexicon +bitext +langnage processing +parameter adaptation +document identification +deterministic finite state automata +virtex aspect choice +message-to-speech +graphical access +distance score +phonetic alphabet +settheoretic inference +computer system architecture +inter-rater comparison +statistical cooccurrence +tagged term polarity +best-first alignment +svm algorithm +statistical model +probabilistic classifier +entropy training +interactive dialogue +inter-cluster edge weight +da mixture modeling +reasoning algorithm +information retrieval measure +keyword matching +answer typing +hardware +handcrafted knowledge +learning methods +path alignment +system synchronization +chunk tagging +syntactic relation +generating training examples +user training +bilingual sense disambiguation +semantic analysis +summary-based alignment +automatic word pronunciation +interactive entertainment +grammar checker +search service +non-deterministic fusion +global optimization +finite state pattern +pitch control +practical grammar development +vpe detection +section identification +associative unification +confusion probability table +morphological disamblguation +information retrieval model +directory assistance +binary relation extraction +german-to-english translation +large thesaurus +generalized contextual grammar +type nominal_object +intransitive verb +domain-independent knowledge management +sense disambiguation system +frame analysis +plural expression +text skimmer +quantification information +representation technique +adverbial modifier +nominal position +co-occurrence patterns +text categorization system +text clustering +binomial likelihood function +dictionary-based understanding +mit atis system +gene name +interlisp spelling correction +cross-validating +concept identifer +differential weighting +twolevel morphology +reuters-21578 standard document collection +training set +true error rate +query modification \ +rule generator +topic presentation +average precision +parser construction +grid topology +hypernym +formal reasoning +recognition error correction +cross-language resource +anaphoricity determination +linear extrapolation technique +bigram clustering +linguistic decoding +assert parser +shallow text generation +order identication +marker passing +man-machine dialogue system +smoothing technique +letter coding +convergence +label sequence learning +biomedical information extraction +context-dependent phonetic model +Human-Machine Communication +corpus matching +conll-2003 data set +rhetorical status selection +threshold selection +distribution +morphological analyzer\/generator +chinese bracketing +model definition and estimation +flexible control strategy +sense tagger +model theory +domain modelling +owl dl +english language dictionary +mathematical knowledge +word-aligment +cluster centroid +japanese-english conversation translation +unknown word extraction +internal tree structure +notational simplicity +anaphoric chain +partial parsing +Arabic word segmentation system +unknown word processing +atomic event extraction +transition information +concept-to-text generation +phrase disambiguation method +resource sensitivity +standard keyword-based information retrieval +idiom recognition +term weighting statistical assignment paradigm +selection model +unknown-word boundary identification +morpheme level +domaindependent lexical classification problem +logical grammars +clause resolution +syntactic word alignment +buckwalter morphological analysis scheme +ac corpus +generic speech recognition +tagging +phonetics-to-text translation +best-first chart parser +bagged tree model +sem-tag +head percolation table +vocabulary source +approximation +adverb attachment +prolog programming +context tracking +1000-word continuous speech recognition +verb class +phrase break detection +grammatical processing +hmm-based combination +reference resolution +transliteration english translations +human natural language production process +machine hyphenation +grammatical role information +slot type +query processing +multivariate clustering +structure sharing +distortion-based decoder +shallow text analysis +sentential subject +computational theory +topic assignment +corrective training +contradiction detection system +text representation +parsing models +semilinearity +graph-based semi-supervised relation extraction +communication environment +chinese-english information retrieval +the chart parsing +aggregation information +mutual reinforcement +object detection +adjective senses +cross-sentence merging +synchronous corpus +language theory +language generation technique +clustering smoothing +spoken-language translation +indicator clustering +user profile +anlt grammar +link grammar parser +portuguese parser +french understanding evaluation +metaphorical phraseology +topic labeling +unit of translation +cost-based abduction +generalized ellipsis resolution +text planning process +dynamic decoding +cross-language question-answering +translation search +text content representation +dialogue translation +one-dimensional search +conceptual graph acquisition +semantic attribution +computer-science tenniuology +spatial description +document descriptor ( keywords ) +adaptive leaming +chomsky normal form +turn-taking +exact matching +subjectobject identification +search engine analysis +multi-phase compilation +language processing system +textual dimensionality reduction +situation handling +hierarchical smoothing +minimal dfa +glass box evaluation +sfst +functional generative description +graphical interaction +penn treebank +categorial structure +comparable corpora +feature appropriateness +syntactic phrase indexing +manual word classification +nlg natural language generation +node-based inference mechanism +chart management +search system +stochastic optimization +speech summarisation +co-occurrence retrieval +neighbor clustering +word-based evaluation +customization tool +discourse relation classification +short messaging service +dialogue quality +word type +article extraction module +serial integration +sequence labeling +genre-specific corpora +negative clause +alignable sentence table +associative processor ( aps ) +accent type +type identification +ogi multilanguage telephone speech +backgrounded information +n-gram matching +automatic compound retrieval +speech event structure +text-to-text generation method +incremental annotation +disambiguation +stopword filtering +american english timit +hector corpus +role prediction +arabic sense tagging +synonym expansion +pharaoh training +word dependent substitution costs +case analysis +textual unit +constituent structure tree +document highlighting +features combination +noun-phrase extraction +modeling translation +semantic model +metaphor comprehension +empiricist induction +step-wise treatment +automatic essay grading +automatic language processing +unlexicalized training +thesaurus discovery +voting +statistical translation modeling +keywords +language identification +implementation +natural language environment +language generation process +word formation pattern +naivedecode +computational text analysis +head-driven parsing +automatic text mining +em-based clustering +greedy selection +cryptography +text detection +parser adaptation +tic-tac-toe pruning +dependency analysis +summarizaton +textual clustering +knowledge structure +island-driven parsing +distributional generality +cast3lb treebank +resolution\/term generalization +human annotation performance +ace task +part-of-speech set +clustering paradigm +shot analysis +class-based smoothing +similarity-based grouping +shake-and-bake translation +paired-comparison +senses of a word +noun-phrase identification +headline summarization +greedy parsing +terms +wordnet package +prosodic behavior +multimedia articulation of answer +subject determiner type +monte carlo algorithm +markov model +lexical knowledge acquisition +lemmatizer +tf.idf-weighting +incremental algorithm +parsing ill-formed input +smoothing method +dependency case +linguistic-and-templates system +reversibility problem +file parsing +answer selection modules +sentence boundaries +user-centered design +linguistic input +plan expansion +index-based annotation +garbage collection procedure +vocalized corpus +adm\/rdm classification +rule generalization +language learning model +person name extraction +phonemic analysis +itg parsing +sentence separation +noun phrase anaphora +non-ambiguous pronoun use +passive verb +polysemous words +natural langufige +lexical substitution +channel normalization +acronym generation +blog writing +relational matrix +terminology structuring +subcategonzation scheme +metagrammar compilation +dependency relation +knowledge source combination +phrase segmentation +domain-independent knowledge representation +unification-based lexicon +phone language model +phrase attachment disambiguation +grammar-based language teaching +speech recognition performance +sense-tagged corpora +path indexing +semantic pattern acquisition +error-driven machine learning +rule-based postprocessor +Japanese bunsetsu +organizational framework +wave manipulation +unification +review helpfulness ranking +morphemes +multilingual annotation +clause-like unit boundary +language-specific lexicalization +discourse marker tagging +narrative pattern +discourse genre +phrase-table smoothing +slot grammar parser +hyponym extraction +mnfiation mechanism and interpretation +metathesaurus retrieval +context vectors +acoustic roodcling +behavioral specification +information access dialogues +taggers +message understanding conference +subword-based tagging +knowledge scenario +expression processing +sequence modeling +illustration +non-neural network +verb clause +modularization +greedy heuristic +human language learn process +probabilities +bag-of-word representation +unsupervised clustering +processing mechanism +template formation +segmentation \/ +recognition evaluation +n-gram language identification +collaborative discourse +probabilistic lr parser +deterministic shift-reduce parsing +output variant generation +average-link clustering algorithm +subsumption checking +grammar\/lf development +decoder +kl-one dialect +resource acquisition +parser optimisation +electrical engineering +constructional meaning +character recognition \ +pronominal resolution +computing +greedy word alignment +interactive help +automatic keyword indexing +germanic european1 languages +definition-question-answering system +computer vision system +multi-label classification +phrase parsing +biological sequence analysis +wordnet similarity package +character code +lf alignment +semantic constraint matrix +log-linear feature combination +model estimation +signature collapsing +trigram +levin verb index +n-best list extraction +item response theory +automatic error detection +empirical justification +matlab code +predicate +multiple news summarization +infbrmation theory +automatic syllabification +lexical category information +entries +viterbi beam +benchmark corpus +pcfg parser +link assignment +noun modifier +annotation editor +text encoding initiative +likelihood parameter +role projection +scf structure +confusion network +word alignment +feature-based pronunciation model +text processing program +syntactic acquisition +polysemic information +eliza +support-vector machine +story understanding mechanism +linear deduction +weighting method +training set size +n-place predicate +prosody-based identification +natural speech +sequence model +verb subcategorisation +automatic grammar induction +compound noun identification +software testing +named entity corpora +mt evaluation +context matching +language generation problem +diacritization error rate +syntagme nominal +chinese information retrieval +subjectivity +processing simulation +opportunistic planning +manufacturing +bottom-up extraction +expansion ellipsis +eter estimation method +information status assignment +lexiccr-semantic rule +sentence level +relevance measurement +statistical word-to-word translation model +temporal interpretation +syntactic statement +feature vector +word alignment and annotation +machine learning +bottom-up grammar development +thoughttreasure +language analysis system +connectiouism +chinese-english text +full first-order logic +constituency schema +topic +morphology analyzer +phrase +density function +multi-document graph +redundancy +lta-based gramnlars parsing +one-versus-rest method +translator system +knowledge base design +phrasal pattern +english dictionary +logic programming language +adaptive language modeling +functional hierarchy +information retrieval framework +principal eigenvector computation +entity transliteration +speech synthesis system +english-japanese machine translation +dual perceptron +knowledge representation technique +anaphora comprehension +language-independent bootstrapping +conjunct +dialogue interpretation +BU recognition system +cb-parsing +online parsing +spread vowel +dative case +user interface design +mixture trigram model +text categorization and clustering +question answering system +lc parsing +scoring tool +parallel distributed processing framework +arabic morphology +dynamic generation +prccesslng device +application building +lcxical disambiguation +desktop publishing software +domain +naive bayes +intuitive user interface +question formulation assistance +syntactic feature +phone-modelling +knowledge-based parsing +phrase coreference resolution +np\/pp translation +similarity estimation +human inter-coder reliability +known word segmentation +tokenisation +semantic constraint +axioms +care +parameter tying +speech recogntion +text chunking problem +matrix factorisation +general-purpose chunking +grammatical category +recall evaluation +gemini parser +biterm model +morphosyntax +assisted learning +purposive discourse +checker +assessing mutual knowledge +macro-noun phrase +hpsg principle +free text +d-tree +tag reduction +association table +full parsing \ +computation model +term alignment and extraction +object disambiguation +engineering\/configuration management +linguistic features +television +data estimation +information retrieval and extraction +query expansion and translation +alignment computation +conceptual interlingua +browser +noun knowledge base +presupposition detection +structured feature +string addition +cross language retrieval +attention shift mechanism +best-first generation +text retrieval method +dialogue patterns +subsyllabic structure +notational brevity +ibm speech recognition +grammatical agreement +phoneme-based speech recognition +classification criterion +k-nn method +machine translation performance +gemini nlp system +stochastic approximation +language learn experiment +mandarin chinese \ +single-view bootstrapping +branch algorithm +controlled parsing +text meaning +tree construction +type similarity +probabilistic analysis +neighbor graph +topic expansion +data reuse +action item +error-correction +optimisation problem +context-based word-error correction +tsr tree +lexical classification +synthetic speech +lint structure unification +umls specialist lexicon +string searching +stylistic variation +role selection +transformational part-of-speech tagger +multi-stack search +ambiguity type +penn tree-bank +approximate relation matching +de-inflection +sequence segmentation +id3 algorithm +sentence compression problem +domain communication knowledge +denotational variation +chinese information processing +pattern generalisation and scoring +predictive information +submanifold +bitext map +verb group identification +collocation +linguistic +arc-eager parsing +complex mixed initiative dialogue +top-down refinement +large speech corpora +collocation identification and extraction +breadth-first parsing +dative restructuring +psychological research +search time +europarl corpus +manual sense disambiguation +news story segmentation +order transformation +text engineering +deterministic data-driven dependency parsing +prosodic pattern detection +translation equivalence +verbal modifier +n-gram-based completion +unigram scoring +viterbi alignment +question\/answer process +pushdown store automata +terminology \ +site selection +video index +classifler reflning +hidden markov model +inferential ability +perceptron training +style trigram model +clustering-level accuracy +human checking +sequential parser +multi-level learning +arabic\/english transliteration +assembly language +stochastic context-free grammars +speech act processing +statistical language modeling +location analysis +tree substitution +text information +lexical entailment +similarity table +structure matching +non-statistical indexing +rules +interactive online classroom +large corpus +chinese word-segmentation +document type definitions +tipster joint venture corpus +aggregation mechanism +sentence alignment task +manner-class information +joint training +winnows +conjunct identification +identifyingsimilartext acrossmultilingual corpora +pattern production +pennsylvania treebank +k-nn estimation +japanese-to-english semantic transfer dictionary +oltline parsing +tipster collection +word boundary identification +ltag supertag set +ngram +statistical training +discourse-level understanding +text-based input +topiccategory +lexical and syntactic feature +compiler construction +human name recognition +retrieval track +naive back-off algorithm +logical language +propbank parsing +dutch literature +statistical language model +word sequence length +proof assistant +compositional translation estimation +indirect evaluation +noise model +hyperarticulation +named-entity recognizer +conceptual hierarchy +word list modification +word-processing software +proof net +mission planning +part-of-speech recognition +linear derivation +text-phoneme conversion +server-side script +infixation +compositional phrase +systemic classification +greedy decoding +instance selection +argumentation mark-up +co-operative interaction +morpho-lexical probabilities +chinese electronic dictionary construction system +digraph theory +classical supervised machine learning +dl learning +object case relation +japanese information retrieval +elliptical expression +discourse comprehension +role determination +active learning algorithm +computer-generated test +medical named-entity recognition +spoken language applications +computer training +written communication +atms-style parsing +video-conferencing +personality classification performance +natural language database +edit-distance technique +statistical modelling paradigm +probability grouping +caption generation system +english-japanese translation process +clause alignment +gene name normalization +content selection model +expository convenience +semantic processor +inductive decision tree learn +incremental feature selection +wordnet usability +phonological modification +data sparsity +grammar traversal +machine translation task +computational discourse research +possessional modifier +clause comparison +constraint-based phonology +fluent phrasing +text-independent speaker verification +broad coverage parser +clinical management +nominal modification +limiteddomain speech recognition +empty path +reduced conjunction +right-to-left decoding method +function composition +perceptron +interactive question answering +schema tree +incremental linear deduction method +non-coastituent coordination +pruning confidence +stepped-level interactive machine translation +phrase referent +terminological research +109-speaker training set +co-occurrence-based classification +n-gram match +dictionary creation +argumentation theory +Head Grammars +recursive clause +ptb parsing +attachment resolution +pattern matching and deduction +open-text disambiguation +split-and-translate quality +confidence calculation +conditional model +speech retrieval +inflected surface form +augmented phrase +nearest-neighbor clustering +phone-based model +backwardchaining +active constraint +itg decoding +sentence recognition +word vector weighting +cumputatioual morphology +iterative process +knowledge analysis +10-word windowing +hmm induction +kas search +keyword-driven speech recognition +pattern representation +assignment method +network generation mechanism +hierarchy +significance score +phonetic alignment algorithm +source-to-target word transliteration +japanese-english transliteration +class-based estimation +candidate classification +classification-based generation +statistical sequence +topic signature acquisition +corpus model +speaker recognition +part-of-speech tagger \ +nacsis test collection +action detection and tracking +svm-tok tokenizer +tease acquisition +quantitative information +tree homomorphism +paragraph mapping +category assignment +dictionary rule +word-senses +corpus-based natural language understanding technique +response generation +typicality distribution +cross-field bootstrapping +lexicon-extraction +person name disambiguation +one-pass identification\/classification +programming language theory +vnsa learning +style detection +hmm-based speech recognizer +statistical language modelling +interpreter +speech api +u transfer +prosodic assignment +information research +two-phase alignment +sentence retrieval +text visualization +incremental parsing method +maximum likelihood segmentation +memory search +timex recognition task +feature weighting +broad-coverage sense tagging +rhetorical structure tree +hypernym classification +french translation +incremental plan recognition +speech recognition benchmark +word learning +model induction +two-step cluster process +corpus datum +why-question +context construction +dialogue grammar +preposition classifier +schema +extralinguistic reality +duration information +pronoun generation +semantic treebank +lexical analysis +dialogue service +semantic inference +edge matching +viterbi +bottom-up shift-reduce parsing +idiomatic expression +nlp systems +generalisation accuracy +semantic web applications +textual metadata +information searching +semantic relation analysis +one sense per collocation observation +ontology integration +linear space +punctuation generation and capitalization +computational research +binomial test +answer caching +speech indexing +verbal root +special grammar usage +clue alignment +modeling decision +semantic feature dictionary +complete graph +language understanding \ +inheritance mechanism +theory-based translation +sequence database +unit graph +semi-supervised information extraction +automatic language identification +layer training +dictionary-definition +language communication +antecedent identification +indicator morpheme +constraint-solving +machine translation \ +endangered language data +name detection +lexicon learning +argument graph +dcg grammar formalism +festival speech synthesizer +multiple-term frequency calculation +language labeling +french text +February '92 test sentences +ambiguity handling +digit recognition +korean partof-speech +reference tracking +hybrid clustering +bilingual mutual information clustering +template reasoning +np generation +coindexation recovery +automatic switching +linguistic tree +Korean phonological knowledge base system +lexical structure +language detection +bidirectional grammar design +treebank wsj corpus +suffix truncation +corpus building +clitic pronoun +training material +tile parsing process +dimension reduction +fuzzy logic +glass-box smoothing +head sorting +maxent classifier +automatic correction +surface pattern +sentence-ordering +genia corpus +penman sentence generator +classification trees +syntactic parser +wall street journal text +pdt learning +dependency tree +machine reasoning +slot expansion +dialogue act annotation +conditional probability model +non-verbal modality +viterbi-style approximation +tract model +mixture modelling +tile chunker +backoff language model +constituent structure \ +translation quality +inventory management +type lattice +treetransformation +multimodal interactive disambiguation +dictionary search +pronoun resolution +topical analysis +semantic dialogue +rate reduction +pattern recognition system +one-pass decoding +english-japanese translation +guided assembly +text understanding system +answer construction +lexieal information +multilingual generation +vpe resolution +statistical text categorization +visually-grounded language learning +centroid method +unsupervised parameter estimation +neural learning +cluster membership granularity +customizable information extraction +prioritization +mt technology +scientific discovery +gender discrimination +verb groups +intractability +algebraic characterization +automatic compilation procedure +goal-directed bottom-up processing +CCLINC Korean-to-English translation system +normalization model +framenet corpora +multi-word expression extraction +stem +local phrase extraction +lcs composition +spoken-language system +head-driven parsing \ +umls +large feature space +semantic processing +noun phrase bracketing +anaphora resolution +word classes +messaging +reranking task +relevance extraction +broad-coverage parsing +network representation +word sense discrimination +dutch letter-phoneme conversion +computing infrastructure +speech recognizer performance +arabic orthography +plural formation +link prediction +propogation +optical storage +blue book corpus +nonverbal behavior +dynamic programming algorithm +language generator +belief modelling +lauguage processing +on-line dialogue +language typology +cumputer +n-gram text categorisation +feature selection algorithm +opinion detection +path searching +omega ontology +sphinx ii speech recognizer +np realization +table interpretation +scoring dependency structure +sentence splitting quality +morphology tool +xtag +atng-based analysis +benefactive alternation +lrc algorithm +automated ontology alignment +word recognition output +np chunking +rule-learning approach +garbage text identification +ai planning +syntax correction +naive bayes system +sentence processing +phonological rule +expression generation +ambiguous reasoning +modeling discourse +patr formalism +neural-net\/expert-system +collocational substring +natural language inference +metaphoric language +redundancy detection +mulrinomial distribution +linguistic modelling +benchmark ontology +automatic constituent analysis +automatic closed caption alignment technique +surface syntactic structure +context-sensitive inference +video mail +structure inheritance +similarity definition +speech acts +rule ordering +randomized selection +d-theory +low-level feature detection +japanese dialogue analysis +binary tree +neighborhood pruning +empty node restoration +multiple document summarization +parsing-based ne rule +corpus-based language modeling +language representation and processing +phrase break +statistical approach +loco c model re-estimation +syntactic processor +sub-network +parser module +generation function +rewrite-rule rule-compilation +rule-based approach +summarization systems +grammatical coverage +information control +type subsumption hierarchy +order identification problem +large vocabulary speech +extended wordnet project +user utterances +word-based 5gram language model +context-free language parsing +semantic filter +me modeling +finite state transducers +plr parsing +l.exicai-fuuctional grammar +bilingual knowledge bank +morphological analyser +inductive generalisation +chinese-to-english smt model +speech corpora +constraint satisfaction +speaker ' gaze information +modeling vagueness +likelihood estimation +mt architecture +sentence detection method +collins-based acquisition +combing unstructured text +construction determinization +morpheme decomposition +chart parser +high-frequency word +small-sized training +idiomaticity +sentence translation rule +chinese web +sense linking +task-oriented and goal-directed dialogs +pattern-matching technique +noun complements +inter-reviewer agreement +conceptual knowledge +google search engine +entailment modeling +hierarchical bayesian n-gram model +collocationextraction +phrase resolution +natural-language text +rhetorical status +thai synthesis system +content structuring +metaphor processing information +inference component +english term constituent +scoring scheme +automatic corpus analysis +polynomial-time search +grammar calculus +inforrnation retrieval +k-nn classification +scientific computing +conversational language modeling +syntactic rule +watermark +correct translation rate +network activity +yarowsky algorithm +chinese unknown word extraction +information filter +av extraction +alignment loss function +category description language +derivations +complexity analysis +text phrase +dacluster +frame instantiation +forward pass +hmm path +memory-based sequence learning +sense disaznbiguation +lexical error recovery +phrasal position +prosody prediction +clause splitting tool +code optimization +modern cantonese +qlf resolution +hierarchical smoothing procedure +natural-language understanding +svm-light-tk software +culture +exercise generation +nominal phrase +key term extraction +mle thresholding +statistical topic classification +summary creation +full regression +bilingual concordancer +annotation inconsistency +gene expression programming +inverse document frequency +acoustic modelling +eisner algorithm +synthetic combination generation +mutual information score +openccg realizer +circuit repair +partial path feature +software engineering +machine translation framework +phonotactic automata +pronunciation determination +databases +transition probabilities +sentence-based alignment +feature expansion +classification-based representation +understanding component +social network +database engineering +multiword lexical unit identification +noisychannel modeling +automated information extraction +dependency phonology +document creation +permutation tree +word-classification +phrase\/rule extraction +translation lexicon extraction +verb inflection +argument-value selection +translingual distributional word clustering +nyu proteus project +identification\/classification +recognition phase +explicit frequency +diagnostic procedure +corpus benchmark tool +phonetic search +domain kernels +contextual features +greedy segmenter +transposition +speaker-adaptive speech recognition +acoustic sentence segmentation +relative feature focus +componential analysis +subject recognition +keyword extraction +topic recognition +syntactic structure analysis +cyrillic script +uniform scoring +spotter +mtu n-gram model +code instrumentation +ppcfg +lexicon description +tabular context-free recognition +incremental compilation +rescoring +relation classification +non-application-specific corpus +gesture composition and decomposition +simulation-based language understanding +fuzzy syllogism +tf \* idf +revision-based generation +temporal relations +database management systems +human-human dialog +discriminative classification technique +example-based reasoning +parser improvement +word-by-word basis +lexical polysemy +japanese-japanese ir +finite automata +document rceognition +term distillation +context modeling +class membership +administrative terminology +cross-language information retrieval +automatic rule-learuing procedure +maximal matching +news summarization +hill climber +s-stemmer algorithm +finite state composition +relation extracting +codebook adaptation +web research +coherence resolution +hybrid representation +maximum entropy system +word sense translation +decision-based learning +multimedia document generation +context-dependent information +inference framework +personal name +language wderstanding +shallow text processing +udp packet-loss +rule-based post-processing +bigram acquisition +substring table +auto-assignment function +artificial neural networks +concept validation +maximum-entropy modeling +dialogue decision process +bootstrapping +best-first strategy +computer programming +chinese natural language processing +raw text +binary features +grammar organization +svm-based system +incremental parser +cyber space +story boundary prediction +space grammar +processing time +web spider +sense information +localized processing +level ordering +syntactic testing +refining technique +chinese dependency parsing +acoustic-to-lexical mapping +reference answer +dictionaries +feature ranking and weighting +ambiguous transducer +polynomial time generation +statistical nlp +name-name coreference +semantic feature structure +online travel planning +glossary extraction +sentence alignmelit +manual treebank annotation +phrase-representation +language database interface +supervised metonymy recognition +clir method +information flow +grid representation +tool development +dynamic programming estimation +standard decision tree +grammar training and parsing +lexical cohesion +word-based word-formation +category-learning +auto-tutor +russian-english translation +hierarchical strategy +disjunctive feature +common noun coreference +proposition bank +cross-document coreference analysis +lexical item encoding +obliqueness hierarchy +common name extraction +likelihood estimator +dynamic bayesian networks +suboptimal search +probabihstic tagging +grid computation +synthesizer +activity creation +http post +traditional document retrieval +co-occurrence filtering +dependency-based parse accuracy +speaker attitude +relation determination +presuppositions +web site +strategy learning +spokenlanguage understanding +grammatical form +nlp-based electronic clinical monitoring system +english phrasing +rst computing +bilingual clustering +top-down automatic word-classification algorithm +statistical japanese dependency parser +indexation algorithm and framework +dependency parser +associated event information +modelling +voice recognition +converstional speech +minimal recursion semantics +term variation management +feature structure representation +wordsense discrimination +high-level ontology +Spanish +validation +computational linguist +intonational phrase detection +action representation +issue detection +first order theory +danish translation +feature-value vector +annotated surface structure +explanation generation +argument recognition +noise reduction unit +categorisation +sense disambiguation accuracy +automatic role detection +k-medoid partitioning +structure-learning +network encoding +feature types +natured language processing +semantic markedness +paninian grammar framework +computational phonology +wsj corpus +regular expression development +coordination conjunction +model checking +discourse analysis +entity processing +monological view +discourse information +corpus coverage and quality +companion parsing +repetitive grouping +ranking model +tile translation +coefficient +attribute identification +document vectors +boolean lattice +classifier training +markov window +outermost dependency +herbrand interpretation +constituency-based parsing +caption alignment +automatic segmentation model +ontology look-up +speaker-independent training +thesaurus generation task +iterative language model +parser recovery +multigen summarization system +syntactic coherence +discriminative parsing +arpa atis corpus +semantic role system +lnternet access +rhetorical function +unweighted parsing +uniform-cost search +analysis model +adaptive modeling +twoqevel grammar interpretation +intelligent text processing +topicalized matrix subject +sentence generation model +metonymy resolution +sense disarnbiguation +language quantifier scope +multiset-ccg +speech annotation +dependency-directed hacktracking \ +machine learning algorithms +non-sequential classifier +disjunctive entry +dp matching +term normalization +conversation translation +domain-specific automatic term recognition +chinese question answering +surface word order +lvcsr system training +semantic agreement +interstratal mapping +language proccssing +mapping function +name entity recognition +language pairs +model mixing +intention-based segmentation +linguistic variation +phone recognizer +stochastic gradient optimization +regular expression search +cognitive perspective +intellectual property +stress pattern +head movement constraint +template creation +semantic score function +phone classification +japanese text generation +discourse parameter +bayesian approach +factored modeling +linear-time clustering +propbank +voting mechanism +tex t processing +data preparation +multi-stage lattice parsing +relation identification +compound noun detection +resonant tunneling +term recognition system +noun phrase segmentation +unicode character set +two-level morphology model +wsj development set +automatic semantic class prediction +corpus-based estimation +dictionary-based method +belief system +leave-one-out method +knowledge acquisition process +subjectivity classification +senseval-3 training set +decision-tree learning +lexical head pruning +iso linguistic annotation +word sense tagging +text cohesion +sentence structure +non-em optimization +ne-time tag +scopal resolution +default sense selection +alignment task +verb group description +documentation production +word recurrence +relevancy recognition +noun construction +projective parsing +automatic concept acquisition +list construction +unique hash anagram +decision tree representation +query expansion +name resolution +larnbek calculus +compound disambiguation +generic text summarization +best-first shift-reduce +Markov probability +average retrieval times +unsupervised segmentation +order similarity +automatic discrimination +auxiliary verb system +termdiscovery +seed +njfun +probabilistic spectral mapping +nal position +co-occurrence matching +computer-assisted language learning +modelling approach +linguistic model adaptation +guided search +translator +concept association +tag strategy +location description +syntax +acronym recognition +word counting +english ner +breadth-first search +phonetic similarity model +matrix instantiation +information extraction systems +global feature weighting +language-based information +tiler +frequency distribution +semantic reasoning +island-based parsing +czech national corpus +synonymy resolution +truth maintenance +appointment scheduling +quantifier scoping +inside-outside expectation maximization +mini-computer +paraphrase representation +spanish-to-english translation +name translation +statistical dependency parsing +chinese-english language pair +scheduling process +answer ranking +segment contiguity +significance analysis +inductive learning algorithm +artificial identity +two-stages translation model +blackboard-based parsing +art extraction +inheritance network representation +problem-solving dialogue +head-oriented approach +argument case-slot +dependency lattice +evaluation guideline +rule schema +french-to-english translation +hybrid fsa-guided constraint processing +english alphabet-to-korean alphabet conversion +label propagation +functional programming language +japanese handwriting +semantic query expansion +semantic role labelling +answer pattern acquisition +image-based summarization +string position evaluation +recognition network +speech synthesis literature +noun classification +statistical patxem recognition +term translation extraction +k-fold cross-validation technique +word-based compression +modeling information-seeking +syntax-based machine translation +configurational language +keyword-based information retrieval +information management system +context-based morphological disambiguation +story generation +evaluation measure +document representation and retrieval +grammar model +mixed-initiative dialog +backtransliterator +lmi lisp machine +acquired sense rank +least-errors recognition +sentence-tree pair +low level recognition +chinese corpora +full natural language understanding +content-oriented categorization +unlabeled training set +pronoun interpretation +context free grammar +contextual boundedness +declarative approach +tree-treuis search +linguistic-rule induction +closed-loop learning +left-right centering +attribute sequence +top-down derivation +language teaching +model learning +statistical classification +thesaurus enrichment +subject field coder +ccgbank +bounded search +unit separation distance +term discovery +orthographic mapping +autosegmental theory +learning machine +non-determistic automaton +candidate collocation +tense selection +character +translation training +inference rule +translation pruning +template matcher +greedy symbolic learning algorithm +empty node recovery +part of speech +lexical association procedure +carmel-tools interpretation +descriptor score +ontological structure +text browser +caseframe +word model +term-list translation +speech intention understanding +word sentiment classifier +dom framework +glr parsing +category theory +unannotated text collection +training dataset +model parameter +intra-subject correlation +lifer parser +meanings +query optimization +data representation +symbolics lisp +information-gathering +generation-based optimization +recursive reference resolution +incremental refinement +question answering systems +vp deletion +thread summarization +database interface +selection method +flash memory +morpho-syntactic parsing +representation scheme +apple pie parser +tiger annotation scheme +approximation reranking +crf estimation +classificatio n +manual evaluation +mean distance function +short query retrieval +tree-building +speaker adaptation ( sa ) +condition probability +sextant relation extraction +phonetic association +computational knowledge +finite state +wordsmith tools +corpus-based grammar +pattern learning +semi-supervised classication +subjective evaluation +case retrieval +subjective sentence classifier +modeling coordination +root-node finding +multilevel bootstrapping +msa treebank +unification systern +semi-supervised rating +japanese-english sublanguage-based machine translation +chunk parsing research +human annotation +root-finding +prosodic phrase boundary +tree anchoring +terminology retrieval +phrase weighting +paraphrase recognition +evaluation service +is-a taxonomy +cpa-derived featureset +predictive answer indexer +vocabulary agreement +fsm +lexical specification +nmltilingual generation +language pedagogy +word query translation +zipping compression +temporal anaphora resolution +information possessor +transformation rule application +pmm model +text-organization +flexible dialogue management +telephone interpreting +lexical influence +search problem +on-line word recognition +sentence scoring +information browsing +mbr decoding +subcategorization +word-formatives grammar +domain lexicon +syntax-based translation +concurrent execution +word-context-dependent phone-modelling +dutch verb-particle +japanese book reading +collocation-based filter +web-based indexer +english-japanese transliteration +discourse labeler +boolean model +sense discriminator +paragraph segmentation +salesman problem +pragmatic reasoning +air travel database +idiom detection +tree-based order model +supervised classi cation +cross-document structure +machine processing +microphone array +named entities +legacy-document normalization +xml document +automatic annotation procedure +trigram analysis +compound formation +storybook corpus +plan optimization step +name form and modification +parallel training corpora +ds tree +community metadata +local segment contiguity model +oneto-two channel probability +relationship recognition +automatie hypothesis selection +incremental graph generalization +anaphoric processing +lexical choice +decision ~ tree +bootstrapping cycle +online dictionary +risk minimization classification +creative thinking +top-down language processing +parallel marker-passing +hidden markov models +modelling word-meanings +Synchronous dependency insertion grammars +supervised tagging +linear complexity +supervised learning system +non-linear planning +learning vector quantization +summary browser +depth-first parser +uni cation +bayes estimation +phone-string classifier +word corpus +supertag +chinese homophone disambiguation +document feature +memory storage +transcription editor +keyword retrieval +discourse modeling +scrambling +fragment interpreter +tense resolution +interleaved generation +existontial quantification +unannotated text +english-vietnamese parallel corpus +surface constituent +symbolic architecture machiue +statistical parsing +pitch +limited inference mechanism +pattern engineering +listing +acquisition interface +machine annotation +corpus-based classification +hdag kernel +context extraction +grammar teaching +modifier structure grammar +entailment judgment +longsentence splitting +distributed simulation +phrase-based model +domain plan +language response generation +categorial grammar \ +sentential context +mark-up language +tacitus +interactive discourse +binary rule formalism +Natural Language Processing +romanian-english alignment +dialog management architecture +logic-based machine translation +muc-6 evaluation +human performance +phonological representation +topic statement +metamodel +spoken dialogue performance +knowledge sharing +finite clause +feature elimination +derivation +defensible deduction +object-attribute elaboration +unification-based grammar formalism +question-answering system +topic\/focus information structure +coupled parsing +list algorithm +classifier prediction +one-againstthe-rest classification +constituent combination +general-purpose NLP components +kpca +top-down parsing algorithm +kalman predictor +accurate boundary determination +fragment analysis +advanced question answering +automatic sign detection +word tag disambiguation +sgml stream +string manipulation +static analysis +directory assistance system +gazetteer information +finite-state automata +response strategy +topics +template expansion +automatic threshold selection +knowledge base +alignment error rate +syntactic role determination +automatic thesaurus generation +homograph disambiguation +adequacy desideratum +left-to-right search +kodiak representation +certainty conditions +boas knowledge elicitation +newspaper storey +similarity-driven transfer system ( simtran ) +rating +semantic maping +time sequence scoring +sentence identification +underspecified relation +dice +cause-effect information +client\/server architecture +claim readability +segmentor +binary branching +block analysis +human judge +noun phrase syntax +interface notation +speech recognition errors +maximum likelihood method +informatio n presentation +word-level model +semantic class +case frame instantiation +evidence combination +gaussian mixture approach +semantic representation language +acronym matching +ltag formalism +mt system building +textual genre +crosslingual bootstrapping +web sampling +phrasestructure grammar +phrase recognition and reduction +partial disambiguation +phrase induction +entity recognition module +annotation representation +normal-form derivation +Japanese homophone error +graph-walk +terminology derivation +speech repair correction +corpus-based question-answering system +misclassification cost +log-entropy weighting +class-based selectional preference acquisition +recursive theory +ne discovery +human short term memory capacity +simr bitext mapping +probabilistic model +iterative expectation-maximisation +maximum entropy classifiers +essay score +probability theory +naive bayes approach +linguistic language processing +supervised mode +sense-filtering +automatic verb classification +ontology language +collocational information +gpsg-based generation +xml processing +automated natural language understanding +classifier-based parsing +conceptualization +word-sense disambiguation +structure inference +psychological machinery +temporal subordination +statistical nlg systems +temporal information extraction +ibm models +word similarity measure +selection restriction +forest construction +encapsulation +heuristic word identification +transformation-based parsing +phrase-based translation model +pp attachment disambiguation +length frequency +centroid clustering +mutual information method +feature inconsistency +wordnet +natural hmguage processing +topicalisation +soft science research +syntactic substitution +prepositional modification +grammar analysis +sequential corpus processing +speech +model-based learning +discriminative model +question template builder +moe-mandarin dictionary +automatic alignment +city university corpus +noun case frame +hand-crafted grammar +tap-xl automate analyst ' assistant +deep generation +optinfization +local syntactic similarity +constituent boundary prediction +speech recognition \ +nfl translation +contextual processing +countability learning +opinion determination +frameset tag +line array microphone +idiosyncratic variation +chunk-based statistical machine translation +lexicon design +speech recognition m +speaker activity +mitkovs knowledge-poor pronoun resolution +probabilistic language model +semantic similarity detection +network-based learning +interactive translation +language parsing system +linear time +grid +aspectual classification +multimedia delivery +summary sentence generation +adjective block +server +dynmnic programming +concept identification +human annotators +categorization task +sentence-by-sentence translation +matching +dop estimation +look-up tool +instructional software +accent classification +ridf value +gtamtnar processing +indexicality +correction method +reference translations +approximate maximization +shallow syntactic parsing +principal training +natural language generation system +trigrmn model +constraint grammar +segmentation method +nlp architecture +call classification +cross-validation procedure +construction determinisation +back-o distribution +error detection +phrase\/rule extraction technique +bracketed corpora training +situational information +wordnet-based approach +relevance determination +conceptual clustering +memory-based machine +formalisms +character string generation +verb clustering +recognition precision +nondeterministic parsing +feature-graph unification +scope underspecification +extraction process +bunsetsus +citation +testing data +USR +synonym-based substitution +digital signal processing +context free rule +keyword selection +backoff system +multi-cost expansion +approximation model +structure unification grammar +textual ellipsis +sequence grammar +wsj-trained reranker +lexical coding +text revision support +resource-based criterion +base noun phrase +parallel beam-search +reeursive unification +active clause pattern +topic-probability estimation +factoid question answering +selection statements +Chinese natural language processing +answering corpus +cosine measure +process management +noun group +japanese language +semantic category information +chinese character-to-pinyin mapping +sound planning +anaphora resolution and acquisition +rapid adaptation +graph structure +transformation graph +definiteness marker +local phrase re-ordering +compositionality +panel display +sentence fragment +passage retrieval +language definition +punctuation mark +query ambiguity resolution +n-gram retrieval +relevance tagging +wordnet similarity +tagging tool +case-marker +search tool +interpretation rule +partial correctness +natural language text +discriminative clustering +surface parsing +structural mark-up +renyo form +intonational phrase boundary +multi-document information extraction +computational lexicography +affective classification +xtag grammar +classification tasks +context-based discourse processing +detailed world knowledge +classification techniques +semantic relatedness +linguistic segment +low level extraction +paraphrases +automated knowledge acquisition +smr translation model +parameter adjustment +word-to-word translation model +english non-parallel newspaper corpora +text generation project +dialogue-based system +learning semantic lexicons +atis benchmark +structure analysis +temporal feature modification +genetic algorithms +training process +phoneme-based speech recognizer +restricted dialogue +finite-state machine +paragraph +clique problem +reflexivization +annotation viewer +computing machinery transactions +mapping table +bottom-up chart processing +noun matching +predictive ability +research topic +hmm segmentation +linguistic constraints +markov modelin +automatic feature selection +error detection and categorization +contour type +smt search +term bank +naive bayes classifier +syntactic and pragmatic analysis +black-and-white representation +ai research +question-answer validation pattern +syntactic preference +idiomatic language generation +similarity thesaurus +cochlear processing +word-for-word translation +scene graph +off-line processing +local normalization +predicate-argument model +partial candidate solution +english orthography +sense predication +pattern generalization and scoring +continuous observation hmm +lambek theorem +selective projection +plural detection +linguistic expressions +la structure interface +spanish subword lexicon +p p attachment +target sentence +mechanical translation +korean tagging +feature translation +inter-paragraph structure +information retrieval tasks +finite alphabet +speech translation application +natural language grammar +statistical sense resolution +superarv structure +multi-document analysis +voice-mail message +intentional stance framework +recursive concatenation +document orient preference set ( dops ) +festival text-tospeech system +pseudo-likelihood estimation +speech-like monological multisentential text generation +lazy copying +english syntax +category model +sentence-level syntax +margin-based learning +inner product +temporal information processing +mutation-error hypothesis +z learning +incremental history-based probability model +legacy-document +self-organizing map +sense tagging +linguistic classification +web-based document +best-first search +fast-search recognition +rule discovery +resolution table +attributed-based classifier +is-a hierarchy +recognition module +morpho-syntactic markup +phonemisation +local spelling correction +information visualiser +clef corpus +dialogue participant +general-purpose reasoning +multimodal interaction +pos pattern method +LSA-based , cooccurrence-based and dictionary-based methods +prosodic feature +large-vocabulary recognition +orthographic probability +substring substitution +performance enhancement +hyperlinking +phrase structure trees +hpsgs +recall-based evaluation methodology +1-to-n cardinality +mean normalization +story understanding system +diagnostic system +referential continuity +semantic understanding +word segmentation ambiguity +exemplar-based classifier +automated transducer inference +rule formation +baseline model +grammatical compilation process +multiple variant corpora +pronunciation quality +adaptive speech application +telephone-speech classification +bitterlemons corpus +np extraction +tf\/idf +word longevity +unsupervised induction +language generanon +Canadian Hansard +image classification +speech vector +content-based segmentation +document ranking +prononinalization +object identification problem +alignment technique +bfp algorithm +unlabeled parsing +hyperlink navigation interface +dialogue tag scheme +treebank style +test-knowledge +spoken story summarization +symbolic authoring +np structure +knowledge representation system +n-best training +prolog predicate +emission model +parameter smooth +co-occurrence feature +subjectivity analysis +german word order +temporal referent +surface reference disambiguation +kernels +constraint parsing +nl research +parsing approach +manual pattern construction +switchboard training corpus +typing-algorithm +wordsense disambiguation +fitted parse +temporal relation markup +speech act type +probabilistic classification +node migration +length normalization +dimensionality reduction technique +synonym class indexing +library classification +entropy classification +knowledge-based programming +discourse +non-probability sampling +language-model context condition +line-search method +purpose +generation task +similarity model +automatic word-extraction algorithm +text categorization algorithm +thai ocr error correction +bottom-up processing +english verbs +phonetic similarity +ipdcn +dictionary data +answer pattern extraction +polynomial-time parsing +thematic-role assignment +data-driven decision-tree induction +technology transfer +link-creator +automatic reading +term scoring +low-frequency forms +discipline +ontology database +case information +tile parsing +source-channel model +prepositions +supervise and unsupervised method +variable-length semantic pattern +derivation trees +medline database corpus +kernel function +document clustering and retrieval +attachment site selection +word pair similarity +pattern-based translation +unigram smoothing +argument structure and aspect +4-gram back-off lm +grammar relaxation +language generator architecture +child language development +syntactic learning +vector space interpretation +lexical priming +discourse-aware citation indexer +grammatical features +rapid tool integration +multimodal fusion +group recognition +symbolic differentiation +feature projection technique +sense modeling +inference model +thesaurus generation and pseudo-disambiguation +verb constituent +open-domain question answering capability +approximation algorithm +coherence assessment +senseval-2 noun +wordnet lexicon +proof editor +constraint +compound verb phrase +processing tasks +japanese morphological analysis +corpus error detection +pp-attachment disambiguation +keyword insertion +dutch language +linguistic mechanism +sentence boundary dismnbiguation +view factorization +question translation +identification of paraphrase +word morphologizer +term constituent alignment +one-hot coding +predicate argument +web-based training +text search +web information +subcase analysis +unification-based generation +closed-world authoring +grammatical input +qnestioning-answering +model complexity +word segmentation performance +numerical accuracy +information independence +rule development +domain modeling +analytic mapping solution +predicate calculus notation +english name recognition +resampling +monotonicity requirement +textual representation +parser-acquisition +dependency pattern +recursive stress assignment +stream-based information +tree substitution grammar +server application +priori +aac word prediction +tense formation +context-free classification +rulc compiler +automatic question-answering system +canonical correlation +selectional preferences +iwslt evaluation +grammatical environment +named_entity +broad-coverage translation +sense class determination +dialogue construction +concept-value recognition +discourse combination +semantic chunker +reasoning process +dialogue structure +subjectverb +meta-data +factoring +maximum entropy parameter +greedy agreement +database retrieval +unknown word morpheme +regular polysemy +image-based retrieval +abbreviation identification +linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge +scripting language +english-farsi medical dialogues +chains algorithm +user-defined translation +class indexing +subjectivity recognition +instructional discourse +compression modelling +syntactic\/semantic analysis +real-time document processing +phrase attachment algorithm +calendar management +top-down prediction +comparison module +tdlr grammar evaluation +stochastic context-free grammar \ +noise elimination +message handling +interfacing system +monologue text +testing corpus +memory-based learning algorithm +new word acquisition +parse tree use +multi-word term extraction +binary schema +bayes text classification +type construction +dependency-based representation +discriminative large-margin online learning +constraint-relaxation +linguistic object +sense discovery +fusion classification +preposition attachment +monotonic interpretation +functional control +end-to-end machine translation +tagged text +lexical-head constraint +grapheme-phoneme conversion +mapping algorithm +lexicon extraction +penalty factor +bioscience text normalization +smt lexicon +inductive generalization +planrecognition +text genre classification +cognitive science +graph alignment +name extraction +microphone speech recognition +automatic pattern discovery +forest +mle reestimation +lexical modeling +subject identification +baseline sentence planner +shallow language processing +ellipsis handler +pronominal reference +best-first clustering +semi-automatic tagging +biomedical corpora +estimation method +sentence-boundary disambiguation +learning natural language +surface level +codebook +smt modeling +functional unification lexicon +error chaining +linear plmming +portuguese language +speaker-independent phoneme classification +viterbi inference +editing assistance function +predicate-argument structure annotation +communication strategy +recognition procedure +automated news analysis +bilingual word disambiguation +tagging process +continuousspeech recognition +local context +spatial analysis +bootstrapping process +bayes classifier +long jump distance +lexical acquisition system +multilingual text library +spectral probability distribution +remote microphone +word sense disaznbiguation +network computing +temporal reference resolution +adaboost classifier +segment boundaries +tlisamblguation +optimality theory +lexicon development algorithm +topic-related summarization +rhetorical text planning +asynchronous message passing +approximate word match +map inference +dependency notation +language-model context +cascaded induction process +knowledge represe +projective dependency tree +frequency-based sampling +metonymy recognition +rule set +data storage +interface design +deep sentiment analysis +neighborhood density effect +word-length feature +on-line encyclopedia +domain-dependent text segmentation +word segmentation task +suffix handling +syntax-based translation model +english ne recognition +software program +multiclass learning +node unification +beam size +incremental description refinement +type ambiguity +class-based approximation +language-processing +disambiguation method +synonym finding +prosody transplantation +acoustic attribute +system deployment +word-for-word glossing +likelihood value ~ +topic selection +theme intersection +indicative function +spectral-based clustering technique +learning methodology +baum-welch reestimation +multi-word translation +thematic role assignment +language search engine +utterance classification +information extraction tasks +phrase syntax +keyword-based clustering +quality-monitoringproblem +rule-base chunking +target sentence generator +positive and negative examples +stochastic japanese morphological analysis \ +c-value based term extraction +request +event representation language +parse record +graphs +weighted abduction +tltf term weighting +message planning +learning rate parameter +trigger selection +syntactic functions +inferential processing +european monetary system +questionnaire scoring +paragraph length +korean generation +medical language understanding +term collection +trainable text skimmer +approximation error +accusative preposition +prosodicphrase grouping +expectation maximization algorithm +tile generator +corpus selection +lexical cohesion information +neural-network +large-scale information retrieval +tree overlapping +probabilistic sequence classification +sequence boosting +history representation +srl system +human world knowledge +semantic role tagging +query phrase +word similarity measurement +comparable bitext +phoneme recognition +surface-cue-based resolution +reduction operation +discourse structure analysis +genonlc ttmm +pattern +corpus frequency +ccrs +word alignment performance +sense dismnbiguation +synchronous tree substitution +document categorization +verb description +time series +detection algorithm +orthogonal non-negative matrix factorisation +named entity clustering +topic ambiguity +functional anaphora +sense disambignation +agglomerative vector space +transfer lexicon +la structure +terminological classification +jttpanese dependency analysis +domain-specific cue +head-word +information environment +karta karaka +summarization system +lexical disjunction +automated process +pattern acquisition algorithm +proper noun +example-driven search +relative relation resolution +chunk identification +dialogue acts +regression +query vector +pagerank random-walk +frame induction procedure +probability distribution matrix +prosodic feature normalization +unification process +word categorization +reporting +graph-unification +incomplete parsing +syntax-based statistical machine translation system +word formation +progressive-search +distributivity +generalized ellipsis +sublanguage translation +language type +bigram language modeling +dictionary matching +head-operator detection and discrimination +finite state control +grammar parser +countability prediction +title-driven name recognition +multilingual instructional text generation +pruning tcchnique +linguistic description +resolution theorem +semantic change +P-CFG +select-a-kibitzer +maximal enzyme activity +human involvement +korean-english dialogue machine +features-based learning +lr-like parsing +context-free generation +rulelearning mechanism +database generation +function tagging +domain-specific knowlegde +morpheme sequence +argumentative dialogue +concept-category relation description +regression testing +chinese language model +monetary sense +various information access +text organizer +noun category +rst analysis +monolingual ir system +inheritance hierarchy +concept relaxation +retrieval engine +sense detection +discourse structure theory +automated phonemization +sentence-hood +top-down serial parsing +committee-based sample selection +muc-3 evaluation +automated training mechanism +heuristic clustering +constituent boundary +graph traversal +machine translation test +cross-document coreference algorithm +subcategorization frame recognition +personality classification +statistical sampling +genia-corpus +mobile phone +meaning processing and understanding +story comprehension +monolingual , unannotated text +machinelearning +coding system +rcg +constraint satisfaction and enumeration +semantic compositionality +inflection rule +chinese words +case disambiguation +coherence relation assignment +frame construction +forward chaining +mental lexicon +candidate scoring +constructional interpretation model +segmental k-means algorithm +document element identification +ivebayestextclassification +model growing +abstract generation +muc-7 ne +language morphology +dynamic model +recursive case analysis +heuristic learn +named-entity +chart design +rst tool +block unigram model +protein name extraction +test-score semantics +silence modeling +interactive grammar development +english translations +non-iucremental search +semi-supervised relation extraction +uncertain inference +markup vocabulary +Japanese revision support system +pattern extractor +operative selection +quasi-newton optimization +multi-pass recognition scoring +ner evaluation +stringtransduction-based morphology induction +word alignment accuracy +english dataset +honorific +logfile evaluation +closest-first clustering +bottom-up recognition +metaphorical expresion +bound estimation +mandarin audio indexing \ +automatic named entity tagger +document clustering +sequence kernel +data-driven learning +text frequency +heuristic optimization +verb senses +unsupervised learning +monolingual generation +acronym acquisition +bilingual dictionary +new word learning +isomap +classification problem +non-indexing parser +domain restriction +language resources +contextual information +prosodic classification +english text +markov modeling +discriminative disambiguation +learning model +hypertext authoring +word sense disarnbiguation +two-stage parsing approach +resolving pronominal anaphor +sparse-matrix multiplication +string segmentation +feature identification +text simplification +japanese ne +owl language +target learning +vtw reestimation +memory-based pp attachment +paraphrase selection +entity translation algorithm +lexical content +platform development +rule sampling +large-scale parsing +role annotation +topic classification +minimum constraint propagation +deterministic table-driver parsing +edit region identification +cut-off feature selection +k value +link direction information +modeling speech +term aggregation +database research +viterbi decoder +speech component +polynominal-time parsing +transfer rule +multilingual news summarizer +chart construction +discourse updating +commercial system +linguistic formalism +vector retrieval +unigram mixture model +multilingual information +Japanese +complexity +semantic context +medline search +thematic assignment +alpino treebank +conversation focus detection +speaker clustering +tile gate system +network construction +sequential model +incremental relaxation +completed parse +bottom-up chart parsing +synonyms +synonymy +lexical fixedness +bigram collocation extraction +situated language acquisition +maximum-entropy-based model +dialect identification +fe identification +parallel training corpus +large-vocabulary system +conversational interaction +automatic text generation +blind deeonvolution +technical documentation +linguistic corpus +semantic class disambiguattion +implementing dynamic programs +ltm network +multi-pass rescoring +document fusion +compultational linguistics +similarity extraction +constraint relations +likelihood training +frame determination +disambiguation task +word rebuilding +medical terminology +lfg theory +morphosyntactic ambiguity +sentiment mining +sub-tree counting +lexical regularization +generalized metaphor mappings +extraction system +focus model +machine hanslatiou +dialogue system +confusion matrix algorithm +lexical chaining +paradigmatic information +terminology management +xces annotation +clause identification +speech summarization system +collaborative planning +word pronunciation +vector-based language processing +domain driven disambiguation +entity recognizer +sentence-level syntactic structure +statistical translation model +pruning method +bilingual glossary +discrimination-based learning +parsing-based optimization +speech tagging +adverbial modification +micro averaging +phrase-chunker +relative error reduction +lattice format +model order evaluation +multiperspective question-answering +tim lexicon +computer simulating +factored language modeling +local focus information +type alignment +tree unification +local knowledge +inforrnatlon storage +telecommunications research +word-based alignment +arabic text analysis +finite-state modeling +curry-howard isomorphism +temporal information annotation +tagging model +global parameter optimization +merriam-webster pocket dictionary +word segmentor +turkish syntax +automatic translator +japanese text +belief reasoning +online assessment system +syntactic-semantic argument +mesh smoothing +bigram model training +wsd annotation +volitional motion +summarisation research +lucid common lisp +structual disambiguation +evaluation measures +tei standard +lexico-semantic underspecification +user-system interaction +parameter tracking +textual entailment pattern +cepstral vector +structural feature +mass storage device +structure identification +call optimization +categorization problem +syntactic predicate argument +turntaking +corpus-based generation +lamp test switch +unigram language modeling +pragmatic processing +lexical semantics +degree adjective +semantic infomation +skilled user +constituent coordination +category detection and resolution +probabilistic connection matrix +computational habitability +tile storage +knowledge-based algorithm +lvcsr +stem identification +summarization content units +approach +non-probabilistic evaluation +pronoun interpretation algorithm +statistical parse disambiguation +ie processing +speech recognition component +brown corpus +evaluation cycle +paf kernel +multi-party discourse +training corpus +model parameters +orthographic normalization +event classification +conditional markov model +phrase-based machine translation +dynamic machine translation +part-of-speech tagging +cognate matching +chinese language +spelling corrector +summanzatlon +u ~ nification +pseudodisambiguation +n-best list training +incremental resolution algorithm +pattern mining +statistical parsing research +semantic parataxis +trec chinese corpus +table construction +cky chart-parsing +task duration +cepstrum normalization +procedure +incremental lattice construction +empirical risk minimization +term orientation +text information retrieval +concept-concept co-occurrence matrix +query expansion system +bottom-up parallel +morph lemmatiser +verb bind +supervised disambiguation +type tagging +robust chinese word segmentation +computational processing +agreement table +target recognition +top-down matching +normalization +machine translation environment +temporal focus +psg model +paraphrasing questions +domain change detection +human compression performance +subordinate clauses +hpsg-tag compiler +interaction management +improved search +marker-identification +tokenizer +sdr system comparison +automatic term weighting +visualization process +scf extraction +pp attachmentdisambiguation +chinese definitional question answering +blackboard-based dependency +parser diversification +decision tree training +authorship +hybrid text mining +state merging +connectionist learning +fuzzy matching +multi-pass decoding +intra-document analysis +bilingual lexicon translation +earley deduction +error-driven pruning +extraposition grammar +parsing problem +eager learning +content consistency maintenance +longest matching +aspectual predication +chart-based parsing +forward-backward algorithm +least-squares classification +runtime +data modification +crosslanguage information retrieval +language processing tasks +chinese character recognition +onroad navigation +allegro common lisp +SMT models +boostexter classifier +probability estinlatioll +transitive tree +pairwise voting +grammatical functions +english verb +erroneous translation +contrastive reference +case frame recognition +information-based measure +story understanding +phone-based matching +link classifier +character coding +lexical look-up +phoneme +named-entity extraction +background corpus +empirical risk estimation +second language acquisition +root dissection +cross-serial word order +word inflection +stochastic disambiguation +node +program writing +statistical weighting +system evaluation technique +annotation schemes +mapping rules +frame element identification +french\/english language identification +generation scheme +data-acquisition +minimal attachment principle +parser benchmarking +combined training +language structure +access control +combinatorial dictionary +rf modeling +adjective +paninian +name name search +phrase type category +knowledge-based automate acquisition of grammar +phonetic\/orthographic comparison +texl meaning representation +intelligent essay assessor +computer-produced text +tagging system +context-free grammar parser +multi-layer perceptron ann +metaphor understanding +well-nestedness +database query applications +simultaneous clustering +noise suppression +multinomial distribution +atis speech recognition +relational calculus +ponte language +hierarchical alignment +log-likelihood +gclm estimation +information discovery +ccr formalism +data interchange +spelling-correction algorithm +bayes algorithm +language understanding and parsing +naturally-occurring discourse +natural hmgtutge processing +chinese-english machine translation +proficiency test +delaunay triangulation +syntactic representation +situation representation +jensen-shannon divergence +graph rewriting +multiword lexicon +t000-word speaker-independent continuous speech recognition +contextual model +word sense enumeration +ambiguous punctuation +category assignment strategy +speech-gesture alignment +selsa language model +between-cluster similarity +multi-lingual machine translation +keyword search performance +multilingual information extraction +classifier tagging +lexical similarity +pcfg induction +cluster analysis +syntactical variation +ontological framework +phoneme verification +speech act theory +automatic speech recognition +topic identification +right-first matching +classifier model +logical form language +unification formalism +textual entailment challenge +knowledg ~ representation +parsing model +attention shifting +document understanding technology +phrasal analysis +opinion analysis +dialogue-management +extractor +categorial grammar +task-related discourse +selectional association +monolingual retrieval +model fit +m l algorithms +unsupervised wsd +entailment relation +candidate generation +communicative function +diagnostic error +cognitive studies +markov chain description +minimum-mean log-spectral distance estimation +annotation rule +fine-tuning parsing +automatic sense resolution +legal information system +language analyzer +lexical testing +learning rule +pair similarity +data-driven search +semantic question +xml-data exchange +non-deterministic strategy +sequence modelling +supervised word sense disambiguation +knowledge source inference +acquisition algorithm +name normalization +common sense reasoning +human-machine dialogue +batch learning +subtype detection +text interpretatio n +complex multi-modal dialogue system +hand-crafted template-based generation component +transformation-based learning +cluster method +tableau calculus +syntactic paraphrase +document matching +superclass declaration +english-japanese dictionary +sentence-level subjectivity classification +independent continuous speech recognition +formal structure +categorization +classification-based generation framework +english-to-chinese transliteration +nonterminal +tree-cut +topological dependency +syntactic structure annotation +English word +dp-based decoding +phrase-structure grammar development +probabilistic new word detection +graph-based generation +classification-based lenrning +korean parser +token error rate +ie system +surface realisation +dictionary disambiguation +array +transmission encoding +subject-predicate agreement +multimodal content-selection +context-independent verification +humor recognition +data-driven query relaxation +search results +collocational proportion +bootstrapping approach +relevance filtering +patent document +phrase-answer ranking +n-gram-based segmentation method +verbalization +ocr system +multi-lingual summarization evaluation +parallel sentence +language understandlng system +locative expression generation +text expansion +semantic representatio ~ +cascaded classifier +one-sentence-one-topic sentence +feature selection process +resourceintensive deep-processing mt +long-distance dependencies +derivational equivalence +source language word +structural transfer phase +generative capacity +semantic tagging +backing-off estimation +answer\/question translation +partial parsin g +english intonation +segmental structure +at&t communicator system +cfg category +topsense algorithm +automatic evaluation metric +topic-detection +story rewriting +statistical co-occurrence analysis +nlp +nlu +trec-style evaluation +first-order model +bilingual lexica +chinese corpus +english analysis +structure generation +invocation +regularization parameter +word extraction technique +discourse marker disambiguation +index representation +feature collection +keywords indexing +feature instantiation +word-rooted expansion +drs formalism +bayes decision rule +difference-list threading +applied computer science +training system +n-gram genotype disambiguation +alignment selection method +lexical tree +text-and-speech +empty category prediction +discriminative parameter estimation +subtopic structuring +word-formation +compositional alignment +multi-level answer resolution +divide-and-conquer approach +large-scale grammar development +word definition +data visualization +run-time performance +grammar optimization +template identifier +signal detection +name spotting +adaptive determination +model acquisition +pinyin coding +newspaper style detection +modeling technique +probabilistic inference process +record keeping +linguistic framework +assumption-based truth-maintenance system +video retrieval or summarization +mwtu recognition +multi-layer perceptron +feature list +quantifier movement +compositional parsing +web browser activity +semantics principle +page classification +wordalignment +similarity-based smoothing +hard feature selection +parse-tree +lexical cross-relations +dynamic preference assignment +hypernym filtering +3-way name discrimination +tipster evaluation +alignment algorithm +abstract machine +graph unification algorithm +stochastic search mechanism +150m word corpus +vlsi design +ace baseline +spontaneous speech recognition +genetic programming +ss unitication +unambiguous syntax +web server +german newspaper text +semantic-grammar parse tree +vowel +wrapper induction +electronic content authoring +edge counting +fisher kernel +query expansion\/modification +synthesiser +english basenp +unsmoothed phonetic bigram model +parser system +space search +ne +jtag selection +noun phrase processing +corpus bootstrapping +question-based dialogue management +sentence-boundary detection +automatic classification +ebmt system +probabilistic context-free grammars +cross-domain language modeling +indexing engine +euphony process +call center +posterior distribution +frame semantics +linear structure +supervised cross-validation +lexicon model +inanimate-cause +two-pass transfer +first order unification +sentence boundary disambiguation +human tutoring corpora +knearest neighbor +knowledge engineering effort +controlled vocabulary +entailment pattern +type hierarchy +lexical aggregation +progol +non-exact selection +individual user +split-and-merge search +phonetic classification +task completion score +feature type +model context +nlp applications +feature structure unification +nt parsing +system testing and debugging +iterative estimation +form-based induction +statistical database +locality preserving projection +biomedicine +smoothing distribution +english verb mood +spontaneous speech training +harmonious integration strategy +discounting method +voting classification +compound retrieval method +middle dutch +neal-montgomery evaluation +signal quantization +structural-data sparseness +extraction technology +gle document summarization +segment modification +vocal tract +chinese phrase structure +clitic doubling +subordination relation +expressive grammar +stylistic comparison +non-conceptual representation +multilingual speech recognition +cue selection +domain theory +named entity chunking +language-learning material +online training +vertical markovization +maxilnal match +distinct computing agent +supertags +table information +model selection algorithm +verbal modality +feature constraint solver +pfr corpus +document dating +training\/learning +role-filling +restriction relaxation +dependency length +real-time operation +matrix searching +mark-up +augmented pushdown store automata +user-controlled interactive search process +lenient default unification +document set +aligning corpora +constraint-based tagging +rhetoric knowledge +marginal likelihood hard-clustering +ptb +transcribed speech +gui interaction +disk +thac sampling +lexical insertion +quantitative text +email message +unlabeled examples +image ranking +automatic evaluation measure +psycholinguistic research +gaussian initialization +transliteration performance +language classification and prediction +context-free grammatical inference algorithm +tdt segmentation +fine-grained verb sense disambiguation +computational gramlnar +hpsg-like grammar +pcfg-la model +lcs transformation +lfg grammaticality +detection framework +morphological generation ambiguity +perl regular expression syntax +lsaguage processing +pp attachment model +semantic classification +speech-driven software +subset construction determinisation +syntactic propagation +textual understanding +spoken corpora +kana-kanji translation +grounded parameter +scmantic type +racing +statistical sentence generation +tags +language modelling +isi rewrite decoder +tokenziation +spontaneous speech +xml schemata +ellipsis processing +phrase referent resolution +function word lemmata +hierarchical direct acyclic graph ( hdag ) kernel +message classification +interlinear +text-processing technology +event-based extractive mutli-document summarization +chunk type +translation direction +shallow parse +term variant extraction +prosodic phrase prediction +eigenstructure computation +kana-kanji converter +graph-based clustering +learning system +syntax-based pronoun resolution +picky algorithm +semantic typing +model structure +acoustic segmentation +consistency modeling +chart-parsing +mt-based retrieval +episodic memory +verbal inflection +environment normalization +transcribed input +monte carlo disambiguation +inverted index +structural event detection +linguistic methodology +homography +mst algorithm +word analysis +fragment combining +english composition +analysis method +large-scale text processing +thematic segment +intra-sentence segmentation +ambiguous words +pointwise mutual information +query composing +logical schema +facerecognition +control structure +modality analysis +syntactic collocation +expert system shell +confidence boosting +net deduction +local multisequence alignment +thesaurus updating +semi-supervised bootstrapping +oil-rdfs ontology +chinese tokenization +concepttml sematltics +discretisation +large scale grammar +decision tree base approach +reestimation +muc corpus +machine modeling +style +table extraction +eye movement +record extraction +recognizing textual entailment +variant selection +ner tagging +model-theoretic coreference scoring +tile definition +HDAGs +two-layer indexing +hierarchical structure +transformation learning +anaphora resolution system +unit clause +semantic role classifier +hyponymy extraction +grammar design and development +noninteractional monologue +p p attachment ambiguity +inter-coder agreement +dm identification +metaphorical use +cooperative answering +comparative processing +user interfaces +part-of-speech information +pc-kimmo-v2 system +naive bayes classifiers +german language +part-of-speech trigram +declarative expression +authorship verification and recognition +belief revision +item derivation +semantic generalisation +parse structure +unlabeled instance selection +meta query language +categorial grammar grammar induction +heuristic segmentation +segment identification +learning mechanism +discourse parser +sennheiser close-talking microphone +vector-based clustering +tree bank tags +spelling correction method +subject inversion +list induction +slot labeling +non-terminal symbol +exemplar-based learning +wrapper induction approach +dialogue generation +bracketed corpora +second language teaching +multi-lingual summarization +xml-based generation +rule-based method +multi-agent question answering +human-like dialogue +linear kernel +no-grammar recognizer +protein interaction extraction +task-related plan +treebank corpus +task-oriented language learning +sentence combination +exbert system interface +supervised\/reinforcement learning +okapi algorithm +category cooccurrence restrictions +model pruning +chunk grammar organization +brill tagger +linear regression model +push-down mechanisn ~ +bidirectional grammar generation system +partial-data model +intonational stress +real-word error correction +word data +pool sampling +dialog control +broad-coverage parsing system +pagerank sense disambiguation +hand-coded direct-transfer +semantic description +compounds +sense disambiguation problem +relational query language +thematic vowel +treebank +verb discovery +pos class +relative clause modification +translation target language +chunking model +inflection +attribute-value pair +structure induction +tree-growing +cascaded markov models +lexical sparsity +property inheritance +transfer learning +unit clause analysis +bitext mapping +logical analysis +french inflection +table-driver parsing +sequential storage +constraint interaction +text abridging +effective communication +parse filtering +dependency unification grammar +scalable text summarization +track data set +concept-to-speech +standard data-driven decision-tree induction algorithm +data selection +bandpass-filtered telephone speech +office automation +legal summarisation +multi-linguism +abbreviations recognition +entity assemblance algorithm +text access \ +back-off estimation +latin alphabet +knowledge-based generation system +multi-class classification problem +context +conversational speech +comlex-lfg mapping +n-pron resolution +member selection +snippet retrieval +science literature +co-occurrence principle +binary relations +spurious ambiguity +chart entry +tge +spoken dialogue +informationseeking query +discourse model +american national corpus +java +atomic feature selection +tile representation +computational linguistics annotation +nite automaton +detection time +disambiguating word +recognition grammar +multivalued feature +discourse annotation tool +word-error correction +feature matching +recogniton +training resource +grammatical marker +iterative expectation-maximization approach +grammatical role +orthography +frequency analysis +conceptual processing +ranking rule +chaos parsing +beam search +knowledge filter module +language underslanding +boundary identification +language knowledge +grammar \ +virtual learning +grammatical inference +viterbi algorithm \ +vp formation +language decoder +inference algorithm +f-description solution +semantic collocations +incremental process +automated thesaurus discovery +non-transitive differentiation +domain knowledge acquisition +morphological features +interactive communication +language recogniser +competitive grouping +data exchange +dialogue summarization +word sentiment classification +rewrite system +functionalprogram +syntactic function assignment +subcategorization frame extraction +regular expressions +maximum-likelihood +dependency parse +paraphrase corpus +subcategorisation frame +arabic treebank +snap natural language processing +data extraction +dependent vocabulary +semantic distance +description unification +text classication +self-supervised learning +syntactic ambiguity +lexical head +answer selection +speech generation and comprehension +tfs representation +context unification +text analysis or generation +prolog unification +constraint handling +multi-level parsing +automatic ewluation +metarule application +voice technology +distance function +model size +dialog +noise filtering +mnemonic text +selectional constraints +abnormaliteiten +adjacency relationship +large-vocabulary speech recognition +lvc classification +parsing interface +memory-based learning method +context window +output-distribution adaptation +rhetorical action +trigram language model +conceptual graphs +pen-based interaction +spoken language research +biological sequence +query generation +base phrase identification +pronoun production +semitic languages +subjectivity summarization +cognitive dissonance +statistical significance +back propagation +rule activation +spomaneous dictation +parse tree kernel +tree pruning +susanne corpus +compound nominal +phonological research +system development +singular-value decomposition +association measure +translation engine +bracketed corpus +vp ellipsis +cut-off criterion +automattc summanzauon +deductive reasoning +dictionary automata +verb frame +end-user +time recognition +pronunciation extraction +retrieval model +modular parsing +augmented rgraph construction +redundancy evaluation +automatic speech synthesis +silnulated annealing +shallow chunk +syntactico-semantic analysis +entailment computation +qc system +ontological generalization +event information +cky-like chart parsing +topic classifier +optimalization +utterance intention inference +grammar adaptation +childes database +coherence scoring +name analysis +topic boundary recognition +rounds-manaster-ramer calculus +x-bar theory +question-answer ing +temporal anchoring +subtopic boundary +pos information +web documents +japanese language processing +untensed representation +pronunciation scoring +lhe problem learning +pdt construction +open source license +shortest-distance +knowledge induction +incremental approach +english-to-asl mt +iterative learning +feedback engine +translation score +binary segmentation +retrieval technology +pglr-based syntactic analysis +cross-lingual information retrieval +image understanding +forward-predictive forward function composition rule +technical terminology +cross-validation experiment +japanese compound noun +event representation and resolution +structuralist +parsing algorithm \ +run-time optimization +sharedplan +lazy incremental copy graph unification +video summarization +vowel articulation +montague semantics +temporal expression +speech research +discovery learning +lexical meaning +syntactic constructions +real-time search +conectionist network +unsupervised probabilistic answer type model +tribayes +gibbs sampling +syntax-to-syntax transfer +pseudo-rule +user model +supervised rule induction +data-oriented processing +morphological change +frequency score +suffix morpheme +xml-application +tile chunking +portioning +vp rule-pattern +data-processing +collocation pattern +linguistic pattern +document summarisation +human gene name +determiner-np agreement +phrase structure parser +language modeling approach +random guess +heuristic parse model ( hpm ) +template relation +obstacle detection +sentence ordering +syntactic knowledge +semantic synonym +syntactic categorization +user satisfaction +rule-based sentence planner +similarity scoring +discourse topic +selectional restriction acquisition +human transliterator +errorreduction learning +relevance ranking +coordination analysis and disambiguation +lenrning +webgenre tagging +linguistics-based pruning +transformational grammar +semantic translation +computerresponse selection algorithm +proposecut +boyer-moore search +polarity filtering +temporal processing +kuhn-munkres +distributional classification +ontosem text processing +vocabulary learning +user satisfaction model +memory-based classifier +domain recognizer +out-of-vocabulary rate +multiclass perceptron +restrictive premodification +name discrimination +adaptive learning +automatic term acquisition +data-extraction +ontological relation extraction +semantic type checking +noun groups +inductive logic +rule expansion +parse tree selection +mit fast parser +finite state formalism +model-based adaptation +word processor +automatic word spacing +parse tree +rule invocation +tokenization implementation +document classification and retrieval +cxalnple-based disambiguation +cue occurrence and placement +word-alignment task +definite reference resolution +syntactic evidence +computer architecture and system +recording environment +noun indexing +translation candidate +recursive algorithm +s6gmentation +language analysis +logical representation +first-order class grammar +training corpora +subword clustering +computational overhead +multilinguality +tree-adjoining grammar \ +tile attribute +feedback behavior +bottom-up analysis +lenguage processing +average silhouette value +constituent alignment +head transduction +source selection +waveform coding +chinese text indexing +non-deterministic parsing choices +trigram model +semantic language model +probabilistic output +languagc undcrstanding +unification grammar framework +glossary item +tree indexing +termclustering +ssm training +automated text generation +individual marker +korean language engineering +path building +large-vocabulary speech +syntactic composition +lemma +classification error +target text +context-based translation +failure of reference +trigram tagger +personal learning +repair correction +phrase-representation summarization +histogram comparison +cl\/nlp +example-based machine translation null +linguistic work +dialogue move tree +web-based answer +queries +morphological analysis nlodel +classifier-based deterministic dependency parsing +document categorization \ +simulated annealing +binding algorithm +syntactic equality +greedy pruning +dla +ccg parser +combined selection +phrase acquisition +language question-answering system +speech repairs +biomedical annotation +idf matching +term weighting scheme +query tree +bottom-up active chart parsing +sub-language +functional dependency parser +undirected graph +thresholded marker-passing +descriptor selection +transformation-based tagging +linguistic data consortium +intonation modeling +entry comparison +arabic ir +lr parsing strategy +hindi +domain relevancy +concept discovery +adverb placement +unsupervised sentence extraction +german text processing +similarity extension +unknown word identification +parse reranking +augment case marker system +incremental language generation +data-oriented parsing +template element +lulowledge engineering +parsed corpus +sequence processing +semantic idiosyncrasy +patent map +knowledge acquisition +translation test set +polynomial time approximation +constrainl propagation +chunk parsing +parameter-crucial learning +man-machine interaction +information theory +transformational theory +english parse tree +disambiguation model +vowel restoration +interlingua +lexical agreement +information extraction processing +style analysis +frame alignment +multiple marker occurrence +frameset tagging +normative model +two-stage recognition +head word +heuristic parsing model +term-based ir +narrow classification +system response accuracy +distribution modeling +bayes risk decoding +adjunct attachment +dependency information +inference-based parsing +inheritance principle +reverse translation model +forward-backward training +qlf contextual resolution component +subject\/verb agreement +speech summarisation system +extrasentential meaning +english telephone speech +semantic feature +information security +markov model theory +language portability +interactive search process +hypertext mark-up language +fragmentary syntax +tone realization +temporal specification +adaptive text extraction +parametertuning method +progressive training +acoustic model training +subject-to-subject raising +relation tagging +speaker-normalization +robertson\/spark jones weight +prepositional phrase +backchannel feedback +recall-precision graph +language generator module +wsj treebank +tile archilecture +parser design and implementation +interlingua-based translation +multimodal calendar management +visuolinguistic ezplanation planning +distribution clustering +maximumlikelihood +anaphora resolution mechanism +english word pronunciation +wh-question +event description +dependency analyzer +perceptron learning +world ontology +knowledge-representation +word tokenization +interactive web search +threshold pruning +radial basis function +sentence-by-sentence basis +grammar testing and debugging +pseudorandom number generator +recognition engine +optimal integer programming +entropy regularization +spoken dialogue design +verbal position +cross-linguality +nl processing +parsing strategy \ +extensional equivalence +word deletion +linguistics framework +parsing evaluation +semantic equivalence relation +date detection +decision tree classifier +unmasking procedure +phone string classification +entailment probability estimation +predicate-argument +regression line adjustment +distributed speech processing +entropy-based machine translation +syntactic construction +state-specific language model +asr transcription +analogical modeling +il-based approach +verb subcategorization +frequency estimator +clir test collection +dialog systems +title summarization +inflectional morphology component +phrasal model +edge deletion +sentence fusion +subgrammar +annotation transfer procedure +extraction template +disjunction-processing +word sense division +ordinal regression problem +bayesian decision theory +simplex classification +type collection index +natural language understanding +supervised probabilistic pronoun resolution +phonetic representation +training method +namcd entity +classification research +sentence generation +broadcast information service +uniform probability +tagger model +diagnostic tool +discourse connectivity +labial transition +dictionary generation +statistical machine translation system +classification scheme +dynamic-programming parsing +sentence boundary +source-language +error estimation +category compatibility +long sentence segmentation +document storage +aligned document +functional unification grammar +class-based grammar +intrinsic evaluation +multi-system integration +n-gram selection +name entity recognizer +classification +attribute relation graph +bayesian logistic regression +information retrieval system +statistical organization model +feature map model +conversation-focus detection +textual information +nilc corpus +word transfer +error correction software +sources of information +rdf-schema +annotation approach +lnorphology analysis +letter-to-phone conversion +local learning +automatic chinese language processing +closing utterance +concepts +natural-language processing +chinese nouns +trainable approach +tree growing +story segmentation +context similarity +celex database +variable-length semantic pattern induction +open-domain question answering +feature construction and selection +paraphrase probability +disambiguation tool +personal pronoun resolution +feedback cleaning +equivalence testing +human speech perception +two-stage classification +beam search pruning +grammar hypothesis +knowledge transportation +agenda-based scheduling parser +head feature convention +feedback +entity disambiguation and clustering +name length +svm computation +caseframe parsing +anaphora structure +semantic authoring +lexical rules +atis0 test set +tense inflection +zoning +em-based word alignment +natural language learning +log-linear estimation +interactive natural language access +tree-transducer +expert-system knowledge acqtfisition +error metric +retrieving multimedia +constituent analysis +modular pattern acquisition +cutoff pruning +biology entity +nl consultation system +accent placement +index-based training +role-determining process +atn +flame-synchronous beam search +symbol manipulation +packing method +sentence chunking and parsing +scatter\/gather document clustering +hierarchical knowledge +engllsh-japanese machine translation +nominal coreference +summarization process +answer validation +hypothesis formation +user habitability +exhaustive coindexation +random walk +phrasal integration +morpho-syntactic structure +parsing re-ranking +syntactic generation +subcorpus +question categorization +controlled experimentation +singular common noun phrase +computer-assisted translation +binary branching trees +alignment information +personalisation +georelevance +text similarity +kneser-ney smoothing +corpus-based induetion +gradient optimization +rm corpus +region finding +tipster architecture +dialogue system development +semantic-head-driven generator +semi-supervised classification +acoustic noise +categorial treatment +statistical surface generation +single-pass clustering +automatic keyword extraction +verb phrase fronting +genonlc hmm +multi-stack decoding +acoustic recording environment +french sentence +sequence training +probabilistic reasoning +content selection and generation +nooj grammar development +single-sentence realization +shortest-path +cross-validation method +system-user interaction +corpus querying +visual logic +sister-head relationship +transportable understanding mechanism +qa framework +system repsonse +token recombination +English sentence +spoken dialogue system +image categorization +chinese constituency parsing +ie-based question analysis +compound bracketing +many-to-one relationship +syntactic projection +modification pattern +language data +non-peripheral extraction +collocation network +subtree search +skip-and-fit recovery +incremental generation +topology +slot filler detection +exical cohesion +question analysis +summarization evaluation +grammar format +genre-specific reference resolution +rule schemata +maximum likelihood estimate +special-effects generator +maximum a posteriori estimation +technical vocabulary +parse-based evaluation +disambiguation algorithm +domain entity +syntactic phrase +screen anaphora resolution +comparative summarization evaluation +translation lexicon +tagging-system +hand-tagged corpora +parameter settings +vector-space engine +bilingual tree alignment +input +japanese natural language processing +heuristic estimation +linguistic tools +unsupervised relation disambiguation +monte carlo analysis +wordaligned corpus +seed selection +letter-to-phoneme conversion +finite-state morphology +attentional mechanism +summary sentence identification +segment-based information +independence metropolis-hastings +semi-supervised algorithm +syntactic parse +computational linguistics teaching +frame disambiguation +relational programming +functional grammar unification +fast matching +dialogue state identifier +automated language analysis +dico database +penn tag set +uncertainty-based strategy +text-based dialogue +gb parsing +language learning and processing +antonymy information +semantic parallelism +open domain +similarity judgment +circus system +japanese grapheme-phoneme alignment +real-time dialogue understanding +reductionistic parsing +dialogues +goal recognition +tokenisation routine +tile structure +dynamic programming recognition +synchronisation +semantic value +form-based resolution +dialogue datum +isolatedword recognition +concept tagging +distributional clustering +correspondence-guided parsing +decision-tree generation +rule compiler +visual input +dynamic optimization +noun hierarchy +backpropagation learning +n-gram error detection +hypergraph parsing +named entity disambiguation +speaker-independent test set +pitch height and range +non-parametric switching technique +classification hierarchy +cross-corpus application +word vector similarity +upenn chinese treebank +ambiguity-management +pronoun resolution algorithm +loss approximation +cross-linguistic knowledge induction +grammar maintenance and revision +verb sense +document retrieval engine +tree insertion grammar +Korean +cross-speaker model +chunghwa corpus +linguistic discourse model +text classification task +wordcompletion system +fragment combination +fully-automatic pronoun resolution +optimization algorithm +parsing mechanism +wordnet hierarchy +pagerank +hyponym discovery +bigram collocation +word sense dismnbiguation +feature structure manipulation +syntactic filter +optimisation algorithm +tobi annotation scheme +single-document summarization +tagging performance +id3 decision tree +javox +modeling vowel duration +metaphor processing +semantic-head-driven generation \ +word stem +word sense disambignation +chinese parsing +grammar formalism +messsage extraction +apsg parsing +error-driven transformation-based learning +parameter-estimation +planning-based architecture +np saturation +paradigmatic morphology +path search +german morphology +lexical frequency +computational terminology +automated hotel reservation +prosodic nmrking +ppm model testing +natural-language prccesslng device +alignment template +web query +words classi cation +ordered list +telegraphic text +slot grammars +text-image editing and reproduction +all-word language model +paraphrase matching +cluster coordination +paragraph marlter +greedy stepwise search +ne tagger +chinese parser +world-knowledge +model reduction +attenuated delta vector +virtual disk +asymmetric textual entailment recognition +local coherence +decision tree algorithm +tractable recognition +analogical modelling +stem weighting +how-to guide +knowledge creation +source channel model +elsnet resource +restaurant retrieval +agreement +conversational implicature +text-based tutoring system +case linking +tree transformation\/detransformation methodology +spoken language translator +viterbistyle beam search +vector expansion +concept selection +english-chinese translation +style checking +dag-construction +leave-one-out cross-validation +annotation experiment +distributional class +generalization tree +c\/nc-value method +nasalization +stochastic region contraction +likelihood ratio +english phone string +answer candidate +dcg induction +data processing +linguistic mapping +tutoring system +dialogue component +focus tracking \/ +word link extension +translation pair +transcription error +training anaphoricity +recursive wrapper +typicality +multi-strategy parsing +search algorithm +pattern ambiguity +ripper rule induction +relative clause +demonstrative expression +proof scoring +document browsing and access +discourse plan +ne recognizer +essay scoring +political science +topic continuity +humour-generation +stress +conceptual representation +spatter parsing +document information retrieval +correct-prefix property parsing +character indexing +search tree +hmm state feature +k-nearest neighbor classifier +texttiling +learn algorithm +alignment-scoring technique +connectionist parser +character generation +synchronous tag +deep thought project +large-scale grammars +affix list +weighting scheme +feature reliability +language acquisition +jsing cross-validation +answer marking +boundary ambiguity +automatic programming +communication language +node deletion +trauslation +abstract anaphora +logical reasoning +synonym dictionary +word identification and lexicalization +tag model +minimally-supervised learning +computer hardware +symmetric learning +disjunctive unification +word construction +opinionated language +information manipulation +training +game detection +machine readable dictionary +situation theory +information search +clause +accuracy rate +argumentative categorizer +information retrieval and summarization +tree method +automatic stochastictransducer induction +matching process +np planning +structures +tlink extraction +salaam tagging +phrase boundary prediction +summarization redundancy evaluation +speaking style +radical indexing +reference planning and aggregation +lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar +selective pruning +pos tagger +association procedure +nominal interpretation +co-occurrence counting +phonetic mapping model +orange evaluation +propositional logic +shortest-path finding +graph connectivity +verb argument +scored dependency graph +multilingual corpus +logical metonymy +czech morphology +automatic humor recognition +process model +textual entailment system +practical dialogue +document annotation +viterbi parse +meaning-based similarity +linear program +sf identification +twig knowledge-acquisition system +latent semantic +slot +non-formalized case frame +categorisation ability +cd representation +test material +semantic annotation +vector-based classification +mobile , intelligent agent +speaker-independent continuous speech recognition task +syntactic features +pitman-yor language model +scientific text +target vocabulary +chi-squared value +mobile robot +relevance theory +acoustics-based caller id +sentence formation +lexical categories +e-mail system +online perceptron +polynomial approximation +noise reduction +system debugging +car navigation +annotate datum +dp-match driven transducer +second order context +structural recognition +top-down filtering +n-best re-ranking +dynanfic lambda calculus +sentence level evaluation +string comparison +evaluation framework +domain-specific noun +parameter-free smoothing +grammar framework +adaptive text compression +natural conversation +nlpr-ti corpus +voice quality estimation +comparative anaphora +re-estimation smoothing +mass-market deployment +ungrammatical input +deleted-estimation interpolation +linguistic intention +bidirectional parsing +tag context +lterative clustering +name-variation generation +large constituent inhibition +exceptional case marking +levenshtein edit-distance +textual similarity +category acquisition +meeting summarization +class labeling +btec corpus +relation path alignment +word n-gram model +lcs-marine +heuristic initial word identification +controlled language +constituency information +stepwise search +negative relevance feedback +semantic compatibility +sql query refinement +discourse construction +graph-based centrality +morpho-syntactic parser +sense classification +backoff smoothing +hri dialog management +tree adjoining grammar +chinese unknown word identification +surveillance +phonemic utterance +italian-english speech translation +human machine interface +thematic system +pronominal interpretation +inverted indexing +noun-phrase chunker +text-based classification +system development and tuning +error-driven training +voice dialing and messaging +temporal references +information access dialogue +local grammar formalism +automated article generation +dependency structure analysis +nger parsing +word alignments +turn duration +punctuation information +morphological knowledge +structure building +focusrelevant prosody +perceptron algorithm +earth observation systems +complete parse +transfer event +term distribution modelling +automatic checking +database query translator +terminology phrase extraction +non-pronoun resolution +parallel computer +chinese grammar induction +contextual spelling +likelihood estimate +phonological rules +data compression +lattice pruning and parsing +gtadual approximation +parsing accuracy +pipelining +logic-based parser-acquisition +nl understanding +subject-verb number agreement +co-occurrence algorithm +dictionary-based word segmentation +perceptron-like splitting +constraint propagation +sentence prediction +preclassified training corpus +kana-kanji translation system +japanese compound +inultidilnensional parsing +trigram-based classification +morphological processing +10-fold validation procedure +predicate focus +synonymous word extraction +preposition interpretation +automatic thesaurus construction +spoken dialogue systems +case-analysis module +training cor pus +noise removal +lfg f-structure +semiring +word memorization +language understanding process +tagset +hmm-based continuous speech recognition +ftp server +technologies +specialised interpreter +domain scoring +block reordering +annealing search +bottom-up parse +eigenvector +transfer module +word recognition +disanabiguation +word sense model +adjective classification +spoken natural language +graph-based optimization +documentstructuring +confusion probability +dynamic language model combination +table searching +distributed agent +supervised majority classifier +lazy expansion +energy posture shift +dominance graph +hierarchical phrase analysis +natural language production +flat-based classification +user-needs analysis +english writing +natural language query +linguistically sophisticated representation +matrix inversion +binary split +semantic verb classification +lexical-cohesion +film summary +phrase level classification +maximum likelihood estimation +language model ( lms ) +character-based bitext mapping +spoken document retrieval +cooccurrence statistics +class-dependent interpolation +nontermination problem +unigram +verb hierarchy +identiflcation +headed clustering +phrase construction system +tree node +atn recognition +phonotactic grammar +configuration management +epistemological status +company name parser +giati technique +english query +noun compound bracketing +collocational expression +pos distribution +typed unification +method +syntactic parallelism +summary decomposition +rule-based and example base machine translation module +syllabic writing +requestors +icophone vi +grammar compaction +language-independent lookup code +expression approach +iterative scaling +spatio-temporal event\/situation structure +d-patr +automatic information extraction +knowledge unit +structural isomorphy +scf distribution +lexical word +cosine distance measure +learning corpora +uailication +many-to-many word alignment +ds translation +automatic sign translation +partial parser +partial parses +subtree discovery +generic dialogue functionality +class identifier +interactive question-answering ( q ) system +formal morphology +lr table generation +italian grammar +Russian +cp generation +in-degree +typed feature +rough-grained disambiguation +temporal inference +alignment extraction +writing system +phrase membership +system response generation +multimodal command +grammar acquisition +kernel calculation +onstraint propagation +multi-modal error +tutorial dialogue +context generalization +sentence classification +ambiguous sentence interpretation +theoretical computer science +grammar testing +light-tk software +sgml parser +microsoft word97 thesaurus +parsing-based method +verbmobil corpus +cky algorithm +application program interfaces +speech translation system +lexical functional grammar +glass-box +syntactic model +broadcasting +linguistic interface +minimum distance parsing +tree search +dependency forest model +statistical spelling correction +human gene identification +dependency recovery +discourse planner +multilayer perceptrou network +examining summarization +intonational analysis +unbounded process +mixture modeling +discourse units +world model +phonological constituent +dynamic programming alignment +noisy-channel model +speech repair identification +saliency map +summary selection +hierarchy generation +hierarchical disambiguation +labeling +selection accuracy +mistake-driven learning +phonemic utterance specification +relation analysis process +string alignment +k-score +partialparsing +text generation and understanding +unified lexicon +automatic natural language understanding +nn algorithm +structure creation +phrase-structure grammar +normalized word duration +multext-east project +mention detection task +argument structure +WSD models +wisconsin corpus +cross-document information fusion +computer communications +natural-language +knowledge processing +thai language +entropy-based learning +multi-sentence text +bio coding +example-retrieval ( er ) +query-translation +speech decoding +alternation detection +syllables +sense ambiguity +subject position +relations extraction +phonetic similarity algorithms +vp-ellipsis resolution +adjective attachment +contents-oriented retrieval +post disambiguation analysis +electronic essay rater +game theory +incremental optimization +catalog retrieval system +pronunciation tool +subjectivity scoring +semi-supervised training +itg biparsing +genonic hmm technology +object-oriented parsing +class name +factorial hmm +stochastic parsing +russian dictionary +language processing task +anaphoric resolution +syntactic score evaluation +anaphoric type identification +phoneme sequence +black-box evaluation +proper noun category +speaker normalization +local trees +spatial meaning +crf training +parameter selecting +lattice computation +language understanding problem +task-oriented dialog +dynamic-events memory +test collection construction +maximum-likelihood procedure +linguistically-oriented text processing +sign expansion +feature set +plan-based model +approximate subcategorization scheme +pof mapping +frame knowledge +presentor focus +voted perceptron algorithm +modular bootstrapping +weighted difference method +sentence interpretation and generation +parallel text alignment +laplace smoothing +miscommunications +grammar-specific documentation +part-of-speech trigram model +multi-domain dialogue system +on-line parsing algorithm +genelex +paraphrase thesaurus induction +cross-language information projection +serial parsing +modeling toolkit +word sequences +language understandhlg +lattice search +utterance feature +multilingual similarity detection +ontology extraction +training algorithm +lexicon extension +precision measure +text-independent speaker identification +linguistic competence +debris parsing +twolevel morphology tool +interface +table lookup +phrase detection +natural language expression +syntactic phrase parsing +cognitive modeling +self-extending phrasal lexicon +constituent-building +unification-based grammar parse +chart re-estimation +coreference expression +primitive decomposition +cognitive\/psychological effect +computer animation +sentence generator +translation rule +guided-search alignment +regular expression pattern +clitic placement +screen armphora resolution +data base generator +lexicon induction +time warping +automatic subjectivity analysis +multimodal interface +entity recognition component +corpora translation +phone banking +imperfect string recognition +dependency recognition +pointer slot +optimization +nonmonotonic unification +linguistic meaning +relation discovery +word alignement technique +head-driven generation approach +inductive rule learning +id3 learning +single classifier +integer programming +multimodal drawing tool +latent-class clustering +hybrid parsing +chinese morphology analysis +annotation analysis +feature bagging +nl plan inference +alignment evaluation +common ground +sri decipher speech recognition +cooperative strategy +agglutinating language +adnominal ending +uncertain inference framework +vector creation +strand classifier +garden path +discriminative training +boundary placement +semantic network +ccg annotation +state tying +message aggregation +electronic dictionary construction system +context-dependent method +parse algorithm +typographical error correction +satisfiable assignment +clause restructuring +content evaluation +cache-based language model +maximum approximation +descriptive discourse +heuristic method +limited-dommn multilingum applications +concept lattice +sequential analysis +subordinate clause +witten-bell smoothing +pos extraction +distribution matching +grapheme-to-phoneme conversion +language corpus +discriminative framework +unknown word feature +foot feature principle +probabilistic approach +query refmement +dictionary\/ontology alignment +supervised learning algorithm +string-based evaluation +sequential learning +smt system +binary term weighting +selective sampling +paraphrase learning +web-based translation +likelihood identification +iterative search +full coreference resolution +passive subject +metric learning +informative sample selection +parsing strategies +repair +english\/spanish test corpus +topological structure +node filtering +maximum likelihood reestimation +tree-bank grammar +soft similarity measure +verb acquisition +data-driven tagging +subgraph +decidable satisfiability +noisy channel model +segment-based language identification +contextual ltering +deductive closure +single encoding +automatic spelling correction +dependency theory +landmark selection +latent-semantic analysis +segment size distribution +semantic expressiveness +skimming +chinese language corpus +meaning-oriented analysis +ksi prolog +kana-kanji conversion +speaker change +sense acquisition +mic modelling +lazy parsing +discriminative reranking +textrank keyword extraction +mathematical notation +hard constraint +rose repair +chinese-english word alignment +score combination +combination method +moderate scale corpora +temporal signature +lexical decomposition +human-ranked sentence plan +oracle +system-knows-baseline +classific ation +sentence-detection mechanism +keyword spotting +memory-based parsing +spatial cohesion +reparameterization +parser switching +locational information +model-theoretic scoring +chunking tree +matrix multiplication +prenominal negation +verb inversion rule +abduction +deterministic tree-building +query refinement +thesanrus look-up +constituent identification +phonological description +hmm technology +corpus-based approach +content-based search +5-fold cross validation +compiler theory +bayesian word segmentation +error propagation network +morpheme-balanced training corpus +multilingual document retrieval +morphological database +optimal pruning +machinetranslation +computer use +shortcut search +sgml transducer +alignment accuracy +natural language user +manmachine interaction +human language knowledge +tree matching +hamming distance +head noun +propagation network +tmrec test collection +coreferential relation +estimation-maximization training +heuristic interpolation +word-classification system +elementary textual unit boundary +phonetic speech retrieval +japanese word processing +opinion +co-training +lexical collocation +probabilistic models +automatic supertagging +column constraint +mt engine +text encoding +summarization quality +speech communication +structural underspecification +conversational speech corpus +eojeol corpus +speech translation task +spelling language model +portability +bio-security +machine translation module +applied natural language +japanese text categorization +generative model +segment boundary +task-oriented corpora +distributed computation +efficient parsing +prototype implementation +irregular meaning +spoken discourse +general-to-specific feature selection +word class distance +word-class information +multidocument news summarization +string processing +rule interpreter +spectral cluster base approach +answer projection +out-degree +polynomial time +negation +uncertainty sampling +web ontology language +backing-off distribution +chain length +navigational assistance +clause boundary determination +meaning representation language +dynamic language modeling +topic identification and slot-filling +speech recognition system +ne alignment +pragmatic component +governor algorithm +key stroke +explicit confirmation +eigen decomposition +language parsing process +event map +a spoken dialog +search technique +function words +background information +document coherence +dictionary entry parser +discourse marking +ordinal regression +chat-80 +pass generator +linguistic concept +application-oriented text generation +acoustic normalization +sense discrimination and attachment +supervise learn +column recognition +light-stemming algorithm +ie problem +string similarity evaluation +metaconversation +direct anaphora resolution +naive bayes inducer +nonterminal category +data type +japanese mt +expert\/domain novice +computer-mediated education +phrasal parsing +programming method +syntactic transfer +translation-related knowledge +lexical class +spoken dialog system +unification-based parsing +unigram language model +link analysis +language acquisition and learnability +syntactic role system +interactive clarilication +supervised training +database access query +text editor +finite verb +system evaluation and analysis +sequential classification +translation aid +term frequency equation +cfg phrase structure +dialogue system evaluation +tile parsing ambiguity +verbal information +topic choice +manual thematic role assignment +semantic verification +syntactical structure +classifier combination accuracy +morpheme boundary +swedish grammar +phrase break prediction +five-fold cross validation +class-based model +language comprehension +maximum-entropy markov models +link detection +srilm smoothing +syntax-based propagation +paragraph level retrieval +device +transliteration +stress annotation +break detection +case-frame information +two-step talker-location +lexicon word segmentation +parallel parsing +largevocabulary speech recognition +pause +person name recognition +word-extraction algorithm +text correction +speech recognition technique +resource translation +training datum +english-to-japanese treelet smt +grammar extraction and parsing +information retrieval task +context-free parsing algorithm +express-doubt discourse +content analysis +planning system +scene fade-to-black detection +glass-box evaluation +asr system +unannotated corpora +word-based translation model +group-average unsupervised agglomerative clustering process +balance match operation +dialog act processing +expectation-maximization approach +information ordering +list lookup +verbal argument structure +distance clustering +data-collection +source identification +knowledge-rich abstraction +spectral graph transducer +node raising +tree reconstruction +structured syntactic knowledge +ambiguity reduction +collection index +protein entity classification +underspecified semantic representation ( USR ) +part-of-speech tagging \ +pigeonhole principle +candidate selection phase +brevity penalty +suffix derivation +datalog +top-down splitting +n-ary classification induction +likelihood reestimation technique +gr calculation +goal identification +question classifier +reflexive and transitive closure +spontanous speech +average inter-coder reliability +word tag +msl completion +character formation +re-uni cation +language processing applications +conditional random field +tense\/aspect structure +continuous speech recognizer +europarl corpora +modeling granularity +weighted sum +mathematical formalism +mathematical model +imbalanced data set +human expert knowledge +sense pruning +score normalization +unknown word model +phrase analysis +phrase coreference +spoken email +circus parser +classification component +lexical preferencing +semantic template +weighted transducer +abstract reasoning +word-recognition +group average clustering +document structuring +lattice +text extraction technology +literature-mining +french-english training set +computer generation +word-by-word translation +relative evaluation method +constraint grammar framework +data complexity +statistical retrieval +head-driven lattice parsing +compound extracting +decision tree design +decoding\/translation +system response +natural-language discourse +left-most derivation +cluster algorithm +aligner to segment +vector dimensionality reduction +similarity-based language modeling +symbol +compound words +case analyzer +semantic features +viterbi search +navigation\/information retrieval +linguistic behavior +sense disambiguation research +speaker-independent ( si ) training +ltag derivation tree +morphological analvsis +statistical categorization +concession +asr technology +document collection +translation speed and quality +inside-outside reestimation +collaborative similarity calculation +surface processing +boundary determination +news transcription +pagerank + lesk +standardized stochastic language model +spatial reasoning +wsd evaluation +question-formation +marker-based alignment +microelectronics fabrication +systems engineering +machine translation system +constituent creation +baseline system performance +tinite-state recognition +multinomial model +lexical resource integration +sentence condensation or simplification +exponential time lower-bound +interface generator +kasami-younger +translations extraction +transcription standard +semantic expression +non-dss unilication +constraint satisfaction problem +computational linguistics domain +navigation interface +generalize lr parse +query relaxation +parallel text +bigram model pruning +anaphoral resolution +classifier system +Mt evaluation +chinese homophone +disjunction +best-first parsing +roman alphabet +chunk combination +discourse material +rule +dp-based search +statistical modeling framework +prosody assignment +second-language proficiency +natural language modelling +combinatorial pattern discovery +parse space pruning +omission detection +search refinement +declarative clause type +statistical modelling +artificial intelligence literature +acoustic information +obligatory contour principle +automated corpus analysis +compression process +high energy posture +addressee detection +matlab +morpho-syntactic information +trainable segmentation +multi-party conversation +floppy disk drive +language processing evaluation +conversational context +japanese translation evaluation +local edge-detection +primary occurrence restriction +word behavior +minimum-distance parsing +top-down processing +monolingual capitalization model +vp-ellipsis +knowledge-base access +modular design +rule testing +semantic control +natural language sentences +tile bootstrapping +metonymic verb +collocation extraction and mining +clausal complementation +c-command principle +plausibility judgement +structural substitution +dependency relationship +contrast relation +scenario template +automated scoring +split parsing +system-produced summary +expression extraction processor +heuristic path search +canonical correlation analysis +direct transfer +dependency pointer +bottom-up system +context-based automatic term clustering +token synthesis +search depth +cascaded chunking +scene generation +restoration subdialogue +maximum decay ratio +laser printer +semantic abstraction +word +text information extraction +verb sense disambiguation +communication knowledge +word-order model +natural language system +copula verb +recursive segmentation +abstracting system +british national corpus +clause boundary recognition +xml processing paradigm +unsupervised word alignment component +semantic derivation +gpl compiler +terminological processing +context tying +local classification +triphone clustering +unknown-morpheme estimation +decomposition program +thread-safe uni cation +case-based legal reasoning \ +parameter estimation +sentence-by-sentence parsing +automatic role assignment +transitive closure +feature determination +text-block recognition +speech understatnding +judgement elicitation +hypertextual grammar development +phonetic contrast +nunation +supervised fusion +break +lexicon lookup +episodic retrieval +first-order predicate logic +search corpus +linguistic system +recognition inference +naive bayes techniques +soft sense disambiguation +intra-clause disambiguation +document structure analysis +automatic language-processing +shallow information retrieval +sammie system +entailment challenge corpus +appointment scheduling dialogue +syntax and semantics +bitext mapping and alignment +human understanding +entity recognition systems +head pruning technique +sv training +pluggable dialog strategy +hepple-style feature\/modality +loopy belief propagation +part-of-speech lagging +help-desk +global multiclassifier accuracy +dimensionality reduction +query-based sentence retrieval +automatic essay assessor +discriminant analysis +local maximum +robust parse capability +utterance understanding +error-pruning method +complexity prediction +dialog manager software +coherence relation nuclearity +pronunciation component +int-n selection +knowledgefree combining +fulltext chunker +personal names +typed input +monolingual corpus +row recognition +language-based information search +english-chinese corpus +feature representation +man-machine dialog +domain-independent lexica +multi-lingual coreference resolution +anaphoric referencing +czech grammar checker +linear tape system +indexer +rhyme pattern +natural language question-answering +pitch variability +transliteration process +concept taxonomy +claws system +deep-linguistic grammar +word termination +transcription reconstruction +evaluation process +automatic recognition +machine text summarization +speech production and perception +wildcard +textto-speech +candidate recognition +contour computation +transliteration approach +optimum termination condition +iterative enhancement +shape recognition +parse forest creation +statistical processing +word alignment algorithm +ptm triphone model +speech recognition\/synthesis +all content words +knowledge engineering technology +question similarity +computer-based natural language processing +screening +non-monotonous search +lexical structuring +ga-like transfer +conative alternation +boundary prediction +event identification task +mathematical topology +coreference clustering +feature sets +viterbi criterion +path-based reasoning \ +spoken dialogue tutoring +rst-style text +addressee determination +story pair similarity +leave-one-out resampling +unseeded clustering +verb subcategofization +k-nnfp +string match +clustering algorithm +clitic rules +word co-occurrence calculation +speaker-independent speech recognition +morphological rules +trigger word detection +preprocessor +visual imagery +structural annotation +lexical reasoning +word fragment detection +multilingual retrieval +conversation analysis +tree-dop +system performance and usability +sentence mapping +argument-initial position +real-time speech recognition +structured programming +class-based probability estimation +categorim grammar +entity detection and tracking +pircs retrieval system +semantic expansion +morphology induction +representation framework +speech corpus +combinatorial subcategorization +loss-based decoding +beam search solution +lexical resource construction +mi-trigram modeling +extraneous background noise +tag assignment +mimic dialogue +system engineering +robust machine translation +word abnormaliteiten +comlmtational linguistics +resource management task \ +speaker change detection +evaluative arguments +interactive lexicon extension +text acquisition +constructive learning environments +supertagging +linguistic structuring +opinion expression extractor +pd sequence +relational discourse analysis +uniform-cost edit distance +robust language processing +surface form +korean-to-japanese machine translation +automatic retrieval +tomatic term dioscovery +exact inference +morpheme-level model +posteriori estimation +penn treebank corpus +intermediate representation language +word confidence estimation +discourse memory +statistical surface realization +relaxation-ranking retrieval +iterative pruning +pitch accent placement +evidence combining +case frame information +solaris +edit-distance calculation +stress assigment +pronominal accessibility +np form determination +sentiment terminology +performance modelling +document annotation project +elliptic sentence +korean nominal compound analysis +trainable text processing +cost assignment +spoken language corpus +parameter learning +language knowledge base +traveling-salesman problem +morpheme processing +significant word order +lexical stress +parsing interpreter +topic tracking evaluation +sample inspection +frame uniformity +penn treebank tag set +case-persistence +document viewing +semantic classification hierarchy +lcs database +numeric weighting +meta-knowledge +analytical function assignment +boundary-determination +content selection step +spoken output synthesis +perceptron-like ordinal regression algorithm +architecture machiue +multimodal interactivity +structure representation +speech-tospeech translation +object discriminatiou +type disjunction +subsumptlon ordering +topicalization +repository +marketing +ne tagging +interpolation algorithm +em algorithm +association-based word-alignment +oov morpheme processing +re-scoring +hierarchical classifier +description logics +reference speaker selection +japanese named entity identification +leart ~ ing +word translation disambiguation +overlapping clustering +term variant +ibm viavoice engine +mining biological semantics +dialogue strategies +speech event frame +dependency structure acquisition +tree adjunct grammars +anaphoric expressions +discourse understanding +decision-tree pruning +verb lexicon +manual editing processing +svm-based recognition +path collection +relaxation-ranking passage retrieval +Czech +whole-document bleu maximization +tag assigment +relation assignment +optimisation +target language sentence +abstract +word editing distance +headword prediction +gender main-streaming +contextual resolution component +semisupervised learning +pinyin-to-character conversion +clause-level annotation +surface-level matching +translation dictionary +svms-based chunking +text-plan input +gapping +correspondence-based transfer +coreference scoring +sash construction +probabilistic translation model +word order similarity +multilingual query +dialogue system architecture +focus-based pronoun resolution +edr english corpus +automatic summarisation research +numerical optimization method +semi-automatic summarization system +LSA-based and the cooccurrence-based word vectors +muc information extraction +programming implementation +training rerank +error-driven rule pruning +classification system +document processing and analysis +discourse-level structure +name suggestion +integrated information management +svm-light +subtrees +semantic role labeler +framenet training +hmm post-processor +thesaurus building +semantic role identification +distance measure +sentence segmentor and tokenizer +question reformulation +probability re-estimation +topic detection and tracking task +translation accuracy +perplexity +locuslink +dtg recognition +single term indexing +domain-dependent knowledge base +temporal connective selection +first pair part +mapping process +synchronous parsing +performance evaluation +parser comparison and evaluation +dynamic combiner +character representation +phonological interpreter +mt-specific search +ratio-based rule selection +fixed-point arithmetic system +two-step clustering +constiluonl boundary ixusing +tile production +agent paradigm +discourse relation +multi-level language checking +formal concept analysis +speech recognition corpus +bunsetsu type +theoretic parsing +data annotation +n-gram modelling +english word recognition +post-transfer error detection +bilingual corpora +human gene normalization +independent text categorization +semantic tableau +abductive logic programming +IBM models +pauses +temporal adverb +verbal context +patxem recognition +chinese language modeling +distributional analysis +empirical Mt research +feature structure formalism +answer re-ranking +linguistic database +interactive television +chinese word segmentor +rgraph +lexical tagging +annotation +bipartite network +chinese sentence generation +semi-automatic ontology construction +language query processing +sentence interpretation +sentence-semantic transfer +numerical prediction +japanese spelling +spatial contiguity principle +bunsetsu identitication +postpositional case particle +spoken dialogue management +discourse analysis system +probabilistic inference +majority classifier +partof-speech +tree induction system +content-based information +corpus-based question-answering +gb-based parsing +interlingual translation +lm pruning +alignment database +multilingual name search +wordform-based model +man-machine dialogue +language processing performance +density measure +efficient computer-computer collaboration +constrained decoding +back-propagation algorithm +quantitative expansion +phrasal production +spanish corpus cast3lb +free natural language text +paragraph retrieval +vectofized processing +data handling +conceptual structures +weight-updating learning +context information +complete-link clustering +domain-driven partial language analysis +japanese term identification +telephone network +procedural grammar +length norrealization +training instance +text-to speech +computer-sitnulated learning +constraint graph +stochastic chart-parsing +syntactic theory +sentence level translation +selection-restriction violation +gramlnar learning +candidate filtering +contrastive stress assignment +high-quality translation +classical vector model +co-occurrence count +word window +bigram decoding +unix operating system +query-relevant summarization +sense distinctions +unsupervised training +multisequence alignment +motif-based user interface +automatic sentence compression +video tracking +semantics +boundary identification approach +bottom-up design +object-oriented design +grammar inference +keyhole recognition +knowledge acquisition methodology +word strings +concurrent markup +speech analysis tool +resolution problem +deictic noun phrase +hyperonymy +wsi algorithm +paraphrase extraction +triplet model +entity merging +grammar writing +syntagmatic information +word-level ambiguity +kaplan-montague theory +fmeasure +continous speech +semantic similarity measure +factoid identiflcation +database indexing +annealing algorithm +parametric estimation +coreference clusterization +word features +psychobiology +sign detection +didactic utilization +diacritic restoration +festival textto-speech system +telegraphic text compression +phrase structure +wilcoxon test +incremental learning method +deterministic parsing +query generation component +paraphrasing technique +cross-lingual fertilization +verb-level +deep semantic structure +tipster gazetteer +automated tagging +partial pattern tree +feedback-directed optimization +nearest neighbors +reference annotation schemata +information structure identification +model estimation and re-estimation +np annotation +mmr-based feature selection +grammatical deduction +speech recognition framework +semantic vector +good-turing estimation +dialogue move +speech recognition and generation +analyzer +kpca model +term-document matrix +class distribution +back-of-book indexing +part-of-speech tags +cky recognition +statistical qa +technical solution +te recognition +edict dictionary +knowledge bases +bottom-up parsing algorithm +aspectual representation +sequence-processing +graphsearch +learning +contextual similarity +boundary labeling +effective grammar size +work flow development +distributional soundness +adjacency principle +human-computer dialogue +machine learn approach +automated classi cation +anaphoric annotation +monolingual sentence alignment +large-scale generation +statistical pronominalization +finite-state models +multi-lingual corpora +intonational contour +ilp-based branch-and-cut +morpho-syntactic analysis +decision tree method +supervised machine learning +top-down disambiguation +shortestpath +susy +thematic decoupling +linguistic discourse processing +smoothing techniques +model building +sentence modality identification +english verb sense +editorial assistance +international phonetic alphabet +cl ustering +adaptive strategy +name classification +contextual focus +left-corner strategy +multi-lingual query generation +directed search +syntactic rank +underspecification +stability measure +drs construction principle +f-score performance +corrective modeling +muc-3 corpus +english-japanese translation system +lexical functional grammars +constraint processing +guided marker-passing +subversion +text retrieval system +grapheme-to-phoneme trmascription +linguistic phenomena test +orthographic variation +word-based computer speech +stw conversion +name recognition and reduction +annotated training corpus +ga text planner +intrinsic system +grammatical representation +pushdown automaton +cepstral-mean normalization \ +large-scale lexicon +spanish parsing +context-free parsing +linguistic annotation +named entity task +geometric distribution +statistical inference +vector-feature similarity +multilingual machine translation +class agreement feature +dialogue translation technology +expectation-maximization algorithm +questionnaire +semi-automatic acquisition +nmltimodal subcategorization +word error correction +tile filtering +bp chunking +nl text understanding +lexical decoding +system development and evaluation +graph cutting +bilingual word alignment +complementation +weighted perceptron +binary categorization +expression matching and substitution +evaluation strategy +processor +grouped voting +context resolution +k-fold cross-validation +numerical optimization +linear kernel function +keyword-spotting \ +automated accentuation +positive polarity +one-sided minimum-weight edge cover +verb raising +dictionary classification +humor recognition or generation +sentence condensation system +disambiguation process +polynomial-dine recognition +non-deep pattern matching +posterior +grammatical information +spontaneous speech processing +low-dimensional feature +semantic coherence +clause-like unit identification +mbt tagset +hidden Markov models ( HMM ) +location normalization +mt systems +tree classifier +greedy search algorithm +smnmarization +multi-tier mapping +speech form +representative corpora +canonical syntactic function +semantic coding +medical dictionary +solution search +vq design +dialect comparison +bottom-up documentstructuring +lexical search +feature-description language +lsa-weighted voting +syllable-word segmentation +local phrase reordering +alignmelit +morphological parsing program +text categorization +morphological analysis program +discourse treebank +automatic treebank conversion +human processing +paraphrase template +iob annotation +recursive partitioning +speech generation +wordfreak annotation tool +stylistic norm +likelihood maximization +twoto-one channel probability +predicate structure extractor +compound prediction +n-best list re-ranking +data fusion +summary grading +computational learning +noun-adjective agreement +add-one smoothing +statistical corpus-based natural language understanding +related-term database +terminology learning +search control +asymmetric clustering +batch processing +pattern generation mechanism +language generation and summarization +indices derivation +mt reranking +english lexicon +vacuous quantification +annotation representation methodology +parameter selection procedure +genre detection +structure disambiguation +sound separation +cepstral-filtedng +kontext anaphor resolution +n-gram-based evaluation +human-human collaboration +subjective human judgment +maximum entropy qa +bilingual lexicon extraction +length-based or translation-based criterion +kanji-recognition +matching rule +intelligent testing +language-processing application software +summarization corpora +author attribution +phrase-to-phrase alignment +small-sized training corpora +assessor +non-projective dependency graph +spanish parser +candidate selection method +atn grammar development +unsupervised method +decidable satisfiability problem +clause level stress +language selection +exact parsing +agreement-based selection +pilot system +alignment software +word-for-word conversion table +annotation checking +power law distribution +truth-value +plan tree +model section +predicate calculus +cle one-anaphora resolution +conditional maximum entropy +classifier ensemble +topdown generation +lexical strata +meeting recording +em learning +interactive design +taxonomy +documentpair +altavista model +verb phrase deletion +transcribed switchboard +lexical level +statistical measure +learning problem +transducer-based learning +performance ratio +phonological input +linking +feature subset evaluation +monolithic grammar +grammar-based architecture +uni cation-based grammar +passive item +quantitative chart design +viterbi path +word alignment task +thcsaurus generation +event +audio recording +syntactic\/semantic grammar +decision theory +correspondence-based translation +identipscation +ositional phrase +language parsing +linguistic antecedent +prediction 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technique +unrestricted newspaper text +support vector classifier +sentence-structure +unified distance matrix +high-accuracy word-level alignment model +natural language ambiguity +parsing flexibilities +tree learning +phrase-based translation approach +blank space +pronotm resolution +query-formulation +language generation \ +call routing +mt system development +nonlinear planning +product rating +cubic time +binary phrase structure +wrapper +correlation clustering +unification-based constituent analyzer +semantic relations +chinese named-entity +parallel sentence selection +icsi meeting corpus +in-situ quantification +linear-threshold function +cascaded transducer +nominal compound +predicate logic +bidirectional dependency network +korean compound noun +sentence text generation +recognition systems +complex term +adjoining grammar parsing +scheme comparison +domain ontology extraction +csr +word alignment tool +automatic dialog modeling +default reasoning +non-constituent 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component +dictionary definitions +beam search algorithm +dependency transduction +domain-independent summarization +boolean constraint satisfaction +robust sign detection +paper-based documentation +word-clustering +nondeterministic top-down backtracking parsing method +semantic and pragmatic +maxent +linear discriminant +lecture segmentation +pitch accent type +regression tree +speech model integration +natural-language database +tagger implementation +lazy copying unification +nist evaluation metric +word category +multiplication rules +recall enhancing +tex ~ representation +case assignment +stochastic context-free grammar +chinese text categorization +restrictive parsing +csr corpora +novice user +interpolation estimation +spelling-correction +string-alignment +lexicalized statistical parsing model +non-linear parsing +context clustering +inference technique +approximate matching +entailment acquisition +medical dictation +noisy speech +incremental inference +ebmt software +noun 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+programming approach +event focusing +cd-rom +syntax model +bilingual alignment +right-branching structure +parse time +hypothesis verification and selection +term-recognition system +function word +ete database +best-first search algorithm +rule-based training +interface environment +preference learning +tdt-inspired language modeling +decomposition +parsing module +co-articulation +name anaphora +tree traversal +englith-to-japanese translation +thai key prediction +sumnlarization ftmction +statistical approaches +morpheme ordering +resource management ( rm ) corpus +feedback learning +dialogue act detection +ontology building +back-tracking +semantic type\/sort +mulfinomial distribution +boolean filter +co-occurrence frequency +structured information +lexical accommodation +grammatical categories +add-k smoothing +tree augmentation +feature type selection +training data corpus +probabilistic grammar +non-metrical scaling +unlabeled corpora +feature selection scheme +transportable english-language interface +non-terminal frontier node +dynamic programming method +data sparseness +defeat rules +automatic method +polarity sensitivity +grammar coverage problem +prosodic information +sentence tagging +part-of-speech tagging task +text-dependent speaker identification +rule translation +ltag parsing +korean news +answer sentence identification +tides processing +unification categorial grammar ( ucg ) +morphological parser +translation candidate collection +discourse generation +position-free unknown morpheme handling +word vector +contextual elimination +unknown morpheme handling +abstract ontology +data generation +temporal logic +local cohesion +semantic web +target language generation +k-nearest-neighbor +semiring-weighted deduction +neural network +feature unification +computer research +Non Verbal and Multimodal Communication +decision tree building +verb modifier +recognising textual entailment +back-off translation +free-style sentence translation +language processing technique +search\/learning +single word clustering +nooverlapping clustering +plural reading +chinese language lexicon +argument extraction +vocabulary extraction +summarising system +transitivity +systemic linguistics +terminological help +free text processing +data-classification +learning-based coreference +glass box +recognition score +hpsg parser +system learning +output quality +compound word identification +prefix trie +non-pronominal noun +concurrent uni cation +classification task +dag +rapid speaker adaptation +machine interpretation +semidirectional lambek grammar +word capitalization +word lattices +probability category +natural language front-end +audio feature extraction +human annotate text +low-dimensional feature space +discourse phenomenon +definition language +festival speech synthesis +phonetic ambiguity +lfg +belief propogation +rule-based fragment interpreter +connectionist representation +term-based document representation +constituent parsing +multisequence alignment algorithm +dictionary definition matching +me chunking +maximum similarity +entropy calculation +similarity threshold +acyclic finite state automata +finite state parsing +inference method +factor analysis +attribute-value pairs +language generation system +context dependency +human annotated frame element +scenario analysis +real-time grammar processing +textto-speech system +test data set +correlation matrix +gaussian environment classifier +text segmentation and compression +decidable calculus +local classification model +grammar specialization +statistical natural language +foreign language proficiency +visual programming +diphone coverage +shallow-parsing +negra +multi-party dialogue +phrase-marker +left-to-right beam search +pspl lattice +multi-word candidate +dictionary modification +binary relation +soft clustering algorithm +term indexing system +summary alignment +auto task completion +transfer phase +terminological database +biomedical text mining +headed string +kakari-uke analysis +english\/japanese transliteration +model creation +voting- and arbiter-based combination strategy +hownet construction +class-based approach +stable ' formalization +thematic role information +gb theory +local context analysis +word senses +miscue detection +syntactic parsing re-ranking +content determination +sense-tagging +time-honored learning +grammar leaning +anonymous ftp +prefix substring +assembly code +comprehensibility +audiovisual content analysis +pen-based gesture +co-training algorithm +spoken dialogue processing +text +natural-language expression +spanish language +cross-validation +diagram summarization +training criterion +definite grammar scheme +ntimit database collection +communication verb +prolog program +assignment probability +guessing-rule induction +prototype system +protocol analysis +beam +computational modeling +pronunciation classification +hypernym extraction +translation lexicon acquisition +model construction +hpsg grammar +large-margin training technique +morphological disambiguation +subject-verb relationship +shallow feature generation +speech recognition agent +break index coding +chinese human name recognition +morphological structure +multi-lingual translation +accent prediction +definition matching +generic dialogue management +metropolis acceptancerejection +meaning-representation language +global visualization +document summarisation\/presentation +continuous recognition +morpheme discovery +charniak parser +probabilistic agenda-based chart parsing +five-fold validation +syntactic coding +annealing optimization +question-answer matching +image segmentation +pic training +statistical selection +compile-time +direct transcription +nlg community +near-term extraction technology +finite state grammar +annotation system +observational learning +robust risk minimization +candidate answer +corpus extraction +viterbi-like parsing algorithm +lexicon entries +unsupervised information extraction +video content +parser-reranker +relation mapping +morphological analyzer +expert knowledge +giza +tokenization +handwriting +user search +tag formalism +dialogue architecture +computer-based discourse analysis +entailment identification +video retrieval +robust analysis +feature extracton +skeleton parsing +hyperonym problem +factorial analysis +word-aligned translation +lr automata +cantonese speech +normal form +advisory dialogs system +large labeled training corpora +linguistic theories +region contraction +rate estimation +machine-translation +cross validation method +network building +lexemic grammar +scoring script +right-to-left decoding +shallow generation +machine translation processing +statistical methods +entity identification +opinion corpus +resource development +phomeme recognition +probabilities calculation +morphophonemic level +ccg gold standard +corpus-based tuning +crawler +graph-based extractive summarization method +user expertise +constituent boundary marker +paragraph numbering +tree-based modeling +human communication +state-labeled automata +abstracts reader +on-demand information extraction +knowledge engineering +noise +chinese corpus analysis +cass parser +robot navigation +cast3lb tag assignment +concreteness +phrase structtire +category hierarchy +cooccurrence smooihing +term distribution +object-oriented simulation +generic object recognition +phrase indexing +cross-language information gathering +knowledge-based reasoning +stochastic tree-adjoining grammar +feature normalization +push-down transducer +sequential optimization +speakerindependent speech recognition +modular communication +quantitative analysis +conversation management +syntax-based statistical machine translation +context-sensitive document glossing +unrestricted algorithm +template generation software +inter annotator agreement +recognizing contextual polarity +statistical machine-translation +statistical pattern recognition +editing +phological analyzer +operating system +dialogue length +semi-automatic extraction +dependency tree search +phrases extraction +term ranking +discourse understanding accuracy +capitalization restoration +data sharing +recall-oriented alignment +cfs subset evaluation +speech dialogue translation +voting scheme +target languages +direct association +boundary disambiguation module +subcategorisation frame extraction +semantic interpretation component +idiom recognition and translation +dynamic-programming search +unsupervised neural network learning +evaluation method +complement-predicate relation +categorial unification grammar +translation memory \ +heuristic combination +relevance calculation +orthographic search +f-structure mapping +semantic role chunking +well-nestedness constraint +hmm estimation +syntactic constituents +grammar checking +dialogue situation +graphical interface +shallow preprocessing +data-driven bottom-up automaton +metadata access +distribute message-passing infrastructure +pitch measurement +psycholinguistic experiment design +discrete observation system +case role assignment +sense disambiguator +penman text generation +task-oriented dialogs +computer documentation +servlet +natural deduction +metropolis-hastings algorithm +generative probabilistic optical character recognition ( ocr ) model +empirical noun compound interpretation +parse state +raw text corpus +synonymous collocation extraction +time mapping +attribute recording +quantifier inheritance principle +acquisition process +hispanic surname assignment +re-training +language engineering system +transition network parser +relation recognition-process +scatter storage +grammar processing computation +ocr research +graphic summarization +linguistic hypothesis +root word recovery +cf rule +corresponding training +part-of-speech distance +human translation +terminology acquisition +glossary item normalization +accentual phrase boundary +temporal structuring +entropy-based example selection +kappa test +rapid annotation +interactive question-answering +symbolic knowledge representation +name dialing +tutoring spoken dialogue +Mt output +confusion model +verb group recognition +turn segmentation +language classification task +predictive parsing +lasie approach +muc-style coreference resolution +muc-11 database +statistical addressee identification +wordnet mapping +knowledge construction and maintenance +target language realization +translation model training +static parsing +frame parsing +domain independent acoustic model +sentence variant +concept-based seeds +intersystem comparison +pragmatic inferencing +human-based translation +slant grammar calculus +semantic tractability +plural disambiguation +spectral-based clustering +grammatical fi'amework +rhetorical classification +predicates +chunk detection +me training +contextual word +hypotheses +broad-coverage natural language processing +katz back-off bigram estimation +sentence boundary detection +correlation +xtag system +discourse representation +seed words +interpretation +dictionary induction +error identification +c-value method +topic language model +grammaticality +non-monotonic reasoning +bilingual adaptation +online inquiry-based learning +incremental resolution +word-context-dependent word model +sort lattice +phrase composition +d-tree grammar +multi-class classification +example-based classification +segmentation-independent engineering +mbt pos tags +phrase translation +phrase reference +voice input facility +matrix language +computational lexicology +communications satellite +cky-algorithm +logistic regression model +category tagging +dialogue systems +corpus processing and analysis +auxiliary tree +contextual translation model +declarative knowledge +convolution tree kernel +training data +movement equation +infinitive expression +lazy evaluation +switchboard corpus +overlapping speech +domain-independent analysis +supervised segmentation +noun-phrase chunking +single reference translation +regression model +combination pattern matching +probabilistic term logic +polythetic coding scheme +dictionary maintenance software +sgml-oriented architecture +corpus processing +esperanto +unsupervised word segmentation +machine translation session +psf extractor +english penn treebank +history-based parsing +technical corpora +automatic lexicon acquisition +n-best rescoring +emacs editor +decision list learning +preposition disambigua +linear-time recognition +unigram model +principle component analysis +segmental intelligibility +name transliteration +digital hardware +edit term +partial template extraction +language analyzer and generator +automatic indexing +indicative multidocument summarization +shift detection +full indexing +sentence-based learning +modular development +cutoff pruning method +natural language processing +word-sequence prediction +word occurrence vector +pronoun detection and resolution +compound error recovery +corpus study +word-aligned corpora +role identification +human-aided clustering +benchmark tool +sonle segmentation +geoscience research +bilinguallexicon +gesture recognition +gesture tracking +answer type +morphological ambiguity +english parser +coverage analysis +formal grammars +longest-match replacement +training size +phrase retrieval +hypothesizing +recognition technology +second language learning +variable selection +incremental construction +muc-3 testset +question answering +knowledge base paradigm +noun filtering +test data +simultaneous invocation +senserelate algorithm +dom transliteration +detection approach +style assessment +modeling relatedness +tagging naodule +stochastic processing +class information +case adjunction +english-like tokenization +dictionary production +empty category detection +multimodal spoken language corpora +lsa approach +phrase learning +n-gram weighting +network search +augment transition network +single-grammar model +glue language deduction +verb phrase constituent +comprehension +wordform model +semi-automatic video annotation +compatibility checking +index term generation +boundary event detection +answer generator +target word selection +corpus design +log-likelihood ratio +affixes +environment linking +agreement-based co-training method +nominative case assignment +unigram matching +maximum entropy model +language ambiguity resolution +depth-first parsing +language parser and generator +time expressions +intonational description +chinese collocation +font style information +difference method +sequence modeling problem +characters +automatic segmentation +relative pronoun +viterbi decoding +morpheme estimation +english language +supervised system +statistical parsing system +block-based parsing +unsupervised pattern learning +inference engine +question interpretation +maximum entropy learner +corpus linguistics +wordnet stemmlug +language terminology +tokenization system +paradise evaluation +system output +german information retrieval 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+path-based inference +infbrmation retrieval +instance-based learning +wordspace +text structure +nonconstituent conjunction +spoken query processing +tableau +incremental dependency parsing +domain dependence +structure parsing +word frequency estimation +categorical relationship +tag estimation accuracy +domain-independent generation +feature set selection +synthesis +phonetic interpreter +art classi cation +multidimensional parsing +prediction task +query spelling +maximum entropy word alignment algorithm +chi-square test +event simulation +statistical decision theory +syntactic realizer +transformation rules +formal description +interactive query construction +fifa algorithm +relevance assignment +incremental translation +rule-reduction algorithm +computational implementation +finite-state transducers +story segmentor +committee-based decision making +bibliographic search +project-based learning +computer-human corpus +texture resolution +relevance derivation +head selection +unigram topic +lexical knowledge representation +hill-climbing +word filtering +evaluation test +subtree-to-rule conversion +syntagmatic similarity +natural language generation +web audio content +parts-ofspeech +grammar interpreter +semantic specification +phrase structure grammars +bunsetsu identification +clause combination +anaphora resolution and classification +predictive clustering +xerox corpus +graphemic parsing +table recognition +atis material +expectation propagation +suffix stripping +verb distribution +human interaction with datum source +paraphrase learning and generation +acoustic-phonetic information +document processor +monolingual textual entailment recognition +alignment monotonization +sub-categorization information +rule notation +instant messaging +montague-style semantic construction process +chinese compound +reformatting +berkeley framenet project +sequential sampling +cross-lingual retrieval +syntactic analysis or parsing +quadratic clustering +discriminative language modeling +automaton +navigation +nantc coefficient +polynomial kernel +n-grams +telic event +q-learning +model size reduction +entity recognition task +tokenizafion +beam-search strategy +memory +corpus-level extraction +reference planning +word length correction +loglinear interpolation +mesh headings +non-recursive text segmentation +entity recognizers +deletedestimation interpolation +free text retrieval +clause segmenting +natural-language access +human judgments +modifier +typed l-calculus +tag-based parser +word meanings +term combination +iscourse understanding model +dialogue analysis +noise reduction algorithm +link grammar +inheritance +head-automaton parsing +programming platform +predicate-argument transformation +formal model +phrasal composition +satellite television broadcaster +automated deduction +structured object model +machine learn +cluster-based summarization +multicategory classification +positive quantifier +chartparsing framework +coreference information +image and text understanding +multilingual grammar engineering +timesharing +learning-based segmentation +passive voice +computer literacy +2-fold cross validation +role extraction +syntax-semantics communication +alembic part-of-speech tagger +lexicon handling +entity tagger +multilingual dependency parsing +environmental normalization +information presentation +affect-detection module +two-pass n-best search strategy +text analysis +integer linear programming +penn treebank ii +programming framework +lexical disarnbiguation +tag-based generation +tree processing +multi-speaker broadcast transcription +word extraction method +persian +definitional question +generation process +english-to-korean transliteration +combination generation +em-based smoothing +cfg formalism +lexical smoothing +phrase polarity extraction +sense induction +token surface form +orthographic representation +surface syntactic composition +scope ambiguity +computer assistance +data-oriented generalisation +knowledge representation task +reason-maintenance +iterative reestimation +intonation research +word form generation +information clustering +ethology +biomedical term recognition +bit line configuration +causative\/inchoative alternation +event analysis +interactive argumentation system +unidirectional parsing +speech recognition evaluation +argument structures +cg syntax +pcfg pruning +window-based context +rm benchmark +reference sets +hmm model +meaning lattice +proximity score +anaphora reference +knowledge-based language processing +test corpora +large scale nlp +maximum liklihood +sgml processing +thread-safe unication +glossary-based translation +mandarin chinese tone +lhip +art concept discovery +template matching technique +crosslinguistic parsing +chat-style communication +finite state automata +information-theoretic feature weighting +self evaluation +penn treebank-style phrase-structure +exception-based learning +g2p conversion +paraphrase +word sense resolution +mutli-document summarization +constraint-based control mechanism +music information retrieval +system testing +transaction dialogue +fragmentation method +grammatical tagger +speech-to-speech dialogue +human inference +human annotator +distinctive feature matrix +summarization evmuation +case slot instantiation +profile-based paraphrasing +stochastic output selection +satellite recognition +vector distance calculation +english-chinese bitexts +auxiliary verbs +lexical cohesiveness +multimedia interface +features selection +content selection algorithm +segmental phoneme +learning program +word prediction +euphony +analysis tool +finite state transducer +attribute-value logics +semantics-directed parsing +listen-communicate-show ( lcs ) +cultural knowledge +search parameter +syntax tree construction +stylistic analysis +coreference resolution system +structuration software +lexicon acquisition +bag-of-words approach +word frequencies method +general-purpose constraint +bootstrapping classification +hillclimbing +term extraction +large training +utterance +case-baaed learning +hmm-based recognizer +synthesis quality +ada-boost +noise cancellation +two-phase parsing +training sample selection +discourse processing and presupposition +data sparseness problem +information retrieval paradigm +natural language content +passage extraction +discourse representation structures +syntax structure generation +speak multiparty dialogue +recursive parsing +reference realization +cocompositionality +non-canonical bottom-up parsing +segmentation lattice +word boundary ambiguity +sm feature selection +phonological-rule induction +selectional restrictions +finite-state pattern +multiple-document summarization +scoring model +human dialogue +attachment site +concept representation +subgraph construction problem +specialist lexicon +mathematical proof assistant +close-talking speech +proper noun chain +written interaction +dederivation +context vector matrix +statistical morphological analyzer development +hypothesis space +lexicai-functional grammar +senseval-2 English lexical sample task +automatic speaker identification +MT evaluation techniques +semcor corpus +phrasal syntax +programming mechanism +maxent part-of-speech +frame schema +c-free transducer +web-based reranking +text lexicon +bag-of-morphemes modeling +ne identification +ppi augmentation +rule language +language information system +n-gram model training +local pattern-matching +particle +confidence estimation +batch selection method +object labeling +type coercion +morphology model +topic inference +tlabt extraction +plpatr recognition +word segmentation bakeoff +basic mapping +question-biased term extraction +link clustering +context-free grainmar +speech signal +lexical markup framework +oracle word selection +syntactic segmentation +pos tag information +translation ambiguity resolution +word types +stop word list +taxonomic name +5-gram language model +top-down recognition +acoustic edge-detection +disambiguation system +gratnmar processing +comparative evaluation +automatic term extraction +word recognition \ +modeling language +foreign language learning +similarity-based clustering +factual knowledge +recognition algorithm +spelling recognition +analytic process +biomedical term classification +jaccard coefficient +speak language system domain +broad-coverage grammar +dependency control mechanism +probabilistic natural language processing +segmentation work +id rules +verb sense information +domain selection +text meaning representation +semantic-oriented approach +finite state model +spoken dialogue agent +word-based translation +bi-directional alignment +fledback query +trainable decision tree +gestural interpretation +requirements analysis +ie pattern induction +begin tag +evaluation corpora +gaussian prior +plan generation and recognition +iga +keyword search +english wsd +n-best sentence hypothesis +lexicographer +weakly supervised learning algo +foreign language dictionary +transitivity alternation +rule sequence +representation formalism +dependency treelet translation pair +verbal subcategoriation +biology knowledge +simplified chinese +ethnologue +parser-based language model +Lexical-Functional Grammars ( LFG ) +electronic mail system +syntactic parameter +management systems +supertag disambiguation +domain-independent text segmentation +information extraction ( ie ) system +entailment relation acquisition +linguistic resource development +reordering +automated subjectivity tagging +term indexing +feature-unification +semantic compatibility model +network deduction +text generation and summarization +clean speech database +emotion recognition +root-based clustering +regular expression +coherence modeling +map algorithm +author corpora +extended context-free grammar +english name tagging +collective content selection +entropy probability model +language understandng +speech identification +automatic morphology induction +phonetic realisation +assertional box +zero-anaphora resolution +lexical co-occurrence +bilingual terminology acquisition +muc scoring +Arabic information retrieval +machine transliteration +statistical phrase-based machine translation +semantics-based feature selection +report processing +smalltalk compiler +optimal generalisation +discriminative word alignment +string-realization +fdf hardware +kappa coefficient +rgraph construction +case restoration +lexical stress placement +semantic relation inference +distributed sentence comprehension +media allocation +vocational blended training material +author identification +predicate modification +low-level printing +polynomial time parsing +wml translation +hard problem +morpho-syntacticai information +sense clustering +between-word coarticulation +audio processing +risk estimation +alignment indication +speaking rate +human-human communication +speech transcription +sphinx2 speech recognition +document analysis +referent graph +similarity detection +language processing chain +definite description interpretation +question type +maximum-recall parsing +syntactic relation matching +automatic semantic text processing +shimbun corpus +language ansaysis +sentence segmentation +verb meaning +environment adaptation +data acquisition +inter-sentence similarity +monte carlo simulation +graph edit distance +library database +realisation algorithm +retrieval subsystem +root-node finder +heuristic-based clustering +peak explanation +gold test set +two-step extraction +hybrid word\/phoneme +shallow language structure +feature description +nlp-based information retrieval +coding scheme +control strategy +syntactic compositionality +forward selection +computer algorithm +treebank conversion +generation +phrasenet +multilingual summarization +part tagger +off-line optimization +fnp segmentation +metric computation +pattern-nlatchhlg nlethod +syllable segmentation +authoring tool +two-step word segmentation +natural language input +vowel melody morpheme +speech recognition or parsing +framenet classification +document abstracting +phonological parsing +chart parse +attentional state +boolean matrix multiplication +posterior probability +glass-box testing +structure anmyzing +inverted relation index +document sets +nombank srl +distance calculation +linear optimality theory +isl meeting corpora +development cycle +unsupervised feature selection +constraint acquisition +functional structure +subject-object identification +thai speech recognition +spatial attribute +dialog coherence +phonetic expansion +automated syntactic analysis +projective dependency parsing +n-ary classifier +automatic text classification +report planning +drs resolution +type inheritance +pattern-based information extraction +1000-word vocabulary +automatic authoring +desktop search1 engine +semantic input structure +stochastic modelling +link extension +np-detection \ +unrestricted text-to-speech +n-best grafting +partial string match +word selection +annotation projection +real-world knowledge +czech speech recognition +estimation procedure +dialogue system design +plan-based discourse understanding +heuristic acceleration +first-order statistical grammar +shortest-distance algorithm +skewed class distribution +svm approach +spelling model +meeting segmentation +latent semantic indexing +constituency-based grammar +linear regression +classifier algorithm +translation process +semantic association +biomedical research +sentence corpus +descriptive adequacy desideratum +font +rule validation +automated review rating +name finding +causality +summary writing +interactive document summarisation\/presentation +plural inflection +sentence-alignment +fragment-and-compose paradigm +word prediction and verification +jose mercury corpus +turn transition +structure-sharing mechanism +syntactic graph +rank correlation +number agreement +syntactical information +intelligence +top-down scope information +string analysis +arc +non-linguistic knowledge +automated summarization +vector space representation +shock graph +man-machine understanding +beam-search +luw-eiw tradeoff +dictionary term lookup +word linking +vocabulary recognition +data summarisation +apa corpus +dialog act decoding +cue occurrence +cross-lingual identification +vowel-annotated text +context-independent approximate word match +discourse annotation process +language unigram frequency +military logistical transportation planning +document reranking +nominals +dependency reconstruction +phrase termination +unsupervised dependency parsing +abstraction summarization +tiffs strategy +gemini natural language processing +full-text indexing +binning method +voice editing +focus detection +systematic research +ltag grammar extraction +genitiv +route planning +type parser +semantic conjecture +functional analysis +rst-based parsing +multi-participant dialog +domain-specific thesaurus +lexical-syntactic form +annotation aide +analysis +edge +language processiug +pos tagging problem +island processing +sense translation +unification technique +whole-part relation +interlingua representation +sc prediction +language processing technology +clause modification +n-best parsing +surface utterance +synonym set +unpacking parse +multiple predicate learning +theorem +english dependency +iterative reading +foundational ontology +catalan +emotional expression +english ie annotation +nl database +distributional similarity scheme +syntactic unit +prosodic modelling +culminated process +lexical chains construction +grammar-based bracketing +asr error correction +chinese news categorization +supervised model +resource-frugal approach +german corpus +similarity computation +syntactic category +two-stage packing\/unpacking +entity coreference +rhizomatic environment +rule-based loanword extraction +word count +optimal strategy search +coreference classifier +cutoff +probabilistic segmentation +interactive text retrieval +synchronous treeadjoining grammar +naturm language +sentence-level discourse structure +macro debugging +svm implementation +English sentence structure +inversion procedure +mhz pentium processor +cyclic structure +user relevance feedback +statistical ranking +citizen-to-administration interaction +sentence level stress +distributed grammar development +dg paraphrasing +verbal predicate +context vector +stack-valued feature +line splitting and justification +pseudoword-based evaluation +explicit word boundary +word classification +context processing +3d animation renderer +meronym +entailment +geographic information +object class +reasoning mechanism +speech interaction +maximal answer +grammar maintenance +1-nearest neighbor cbl +mixture order +bioscience text +field extraction +segment retrieval +definition generation process +automated question answering +event generation +k-means training +recursive-search +reading comprehension +query-dependent summarization +natural language software +counting scheme +information mapping +natural evaluation +standard arabic +participant role detection +lr table +corpus windowing +belief propagation +boolean matrix +errordetection +statistical system +adaptative statistical language modeling +term-formation +ccg category +machine learning techniques +multi-article summarization +xtag english grammar +term translation +randomized graph-clustering +bi-directional parsing +em bootstrapping +n-gram estimation +cover search +inquery system +the document understanding +stein method +document clustering and projection +infoprmation distribution +linear ordexing +comlex +deep lexical acquisition +x_bar +hebrew treebank +boundary recognition +part-of-speech induction +english candidate translation +sentence tokenization +back-off parameter +citation information +audio indexing +wsj tagging +plagiarism detection +pos bigram +personal experience +learning schema +word association +automatic performance evaluation +lexical dependency parsing +syntactic categories +silnulatcd annealing +openwindows calendar manager +multitiered nonlinear morphology +ie pattern acquisition +stream-based information retrieval +lexicalized structure +short answer analysis +typeface selection +lemma-tag representation +linguistic string parser +formal theory +linguistics-based technique +speech synthesiser +function parsing +prefixspan pruning +syntactic frame +tag sequence grammar +czech corpus +approximate string match +penn-treebank +linguistic feature +sense assessment +korean sejong treebank +n-best word segmentation +functional unification grammars +tag disambiguation +character clustering +background knowledge development +temporal expression analysis +mental model +tag +stochastic tree-to-tree transducer +noun classifier associations +spread activation +topic indexing +extraction evaluation +logic-based grammar +similarity metrics +m-th order Markov chain model +backtracking parsing +nonhierarchical clustering +constituents lexicon +tree adjoining grammars +crawling +sentence ambiguity +speech recognit +waripiri +word meaning +hypertext navigation +discourse-level inference +analysis assignment +segmentation tool +subject drop +turbulence signal +type induction +generalization hierarchy +probability redistribution +wordtranslation +probability reranking +argument identification performance +similarity-based estimation +training samples +statistical phrase generation +selection operator +randomization test +question segmentation +tile neuro tagger +probabilistic optical character recognition +corpus-based research +translation table +information extraction +language interpretation and understanding +real-time speech understanding +automatic text processing +relation detection +spelling checker +motif detection +heuristic test selection +dictionary +visual processing +language generation program +sentence-plan-ranker ( spr ) +training scoring +phonological information +kernel pca model +separation margin +ntcir1 tmrec test collection +focus assignment system +discourse referent +fiat matching +conversation +ne phrase extraction +anaphora planning +monolingual ucg +n-gram language model +linear order +unification-based lexicalism +automatic conversion +noun sequence extraction +synthetic noise +weka +beam-search parsing +global phrase extraction +accent +ace entity detection +partial tagger +client-server communication +spanish-english training corpora +syntactic level +sentence parsing +map training +incremental grammar +lpc synthesis +summary coherence +language processing space +finite-state grammar induction +em gaussian initialization +bayesian subnet +constituent +bmm checking +pragmatic meaning +arabic text +generative modelling +progressive meaning +genetic progranmfing +top-down comparison +bilingual bracketing +anaphora resolution algorithm +goi-taikei ontology +kolmogorov complexity +aspectual corpus analysis +wsd neural network +principled learning +beam search recognition +propositional representation +probability density function +gaussian mixture models +pitch tracking +cortmo telecommumcauon +word adjacency information +aligned parallel corpus +retrieval query +generalised iterative scaling +error identification and recovery +long distance constraint +expression searching +subject-verb inversion +analogical translation +two-fold cross-validation +set membership +language interpretation +word sense disamblguation +parallel text processing +opennlp package +logical formula +pruning threshold +documentation generator +multi-engine machine translation +cache +markov modelin g +enquiry processing +adverb type information +exp-loss function +interoperability +words +linguistics research +appropriate compression model +classification accuracy +graphical representation +annotation support +ccg realization +asr stop-list +verb class ambiguity +word dictionary +japanese ellipsis resolution +semantic role detection +tree deletion +distribution-based clustering +lexical chains +sql query +phonotactic model training +rst discourse treebank +information-extraction +bottom-up local multisequence alignment +string edit distance +well-formed substring +atis treebank +case role value +concept definition \ +feature covariation +context articulation +e-k alignment +inter-annotator agreement +activity decay +sinica corpus +causative-inchoative alternation +kb server +parallel bilingual corpus +formal language notation +inference path +conditional expression +sense annotation algorithm +confidence scoring +spoken language dialogue +greedy algorithm +pruning performance +lexical cohesion recognition +template translation model +objective translation +case-slot gapping +mixture weight adaptation +tagging algorithm +semantic head-driven generation +segmentation problem +model integration +constraint prvpagation +rule pattern +lexical chain algorithm +querycollectionlndex +natural language processing applications +hard-clustering +reading comprehension system +corpus refinement +case grammar +query translation +definite clause grammar +error localization +noisy channel +hits induction +speaker identity +contextual search +linguistic option evaluation +chart parsing +wsd evaluation methodology +object-oriented modeling +nuance toolkit +representation technology +table addressing +event identification model +web pages +meaning representation +titech corpus +qa process +entity-oriented language definition +paradigm extension +human judgement +search pruning +weighted automata +syntactic relationship +cross-document coreference +genre classification +lexicon pruning +sentence disambiguation +saturation +glcm parameter estimation +context-free language recognition +free-running text +sequential computer +text structure similarities +probability reestimation and interpolation +corpus-based supervised machine learning +searching +preposition +m-gram decoding +leaf +combinational logic +pashto +annotation graphs +multilingual document authoring +selnantic-based transfer +inferring finite-state +automatic coreference resolution +pp alignment +error recovery handler +reference model +nlp knowledge base +probabilistic finite-state +cml optimization +formal logic +loose segmentation +automatic corpus correction +annotating information structure +intercoder agreement +graph unillcation +protein name recognition +semantic role label +cross-language analysis +similaritymeasure +functional surface word +foreign language training +content-model-based summarization +sentence-level anaphora +generalized hebbian algorithm +information mining +cross-language resource projection +rule-learuing +fine-grained scoring +human reader scoring +goodness-of-fit test +training text +domain ontology +element bracketing +evolutionary computing +guided search idea +coordinate conjunction +sparse data problem +finite state machines +kernel evaluation +term subset coupling +decision list +monotonic translation +pp-attachment ambiguity +tikhonov regularization +fluent communication +bitext word alignment +large-scale treebank-creation +clusters identiflcation +coarse word sense +category level +text-based information retrieval +full-text document retrieval +rule implementation +proper noun ontology +extra-linguistic communication +dialogue modelling +grammar processing singular nominatives \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/other_relabel.txt b/data/training/other_relabel.txt similarity index 100% rename from data/other_relabel.txt rename to data/training/other_relabel.txt diff --git a/data/paths_brown1000_acl.tsv b/data/training/paths_brown1000_acl.tsv similarity index 100% rename from data/paths_brown1000_acl.tsv rename to data/training/paths_brown1000_acl.tsv From 4dfadeaf649661c6cd18fb62ccda0692f25fbf1c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 14:37:49 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 3/8] Added readme --- README.md | 7 ++++--- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index c24c10f..023adc4 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ # complingterm -Comp Ling Term This repository contains the materials for a coarse-grained classification of computational linguistics terms into semantic classes. The repository structure is as follows: * data - * training: Contains term lists and semantic classes used for training. Terms and classes were initially taken from the [ACL RD-TEC v. 1 and 2] (http://pars.ie/lr/acl_rd-tec). Some instances of the large "other" category were relabeled and classes were merged to larger coarse-grained classes. The resulting classes are: + * training: Contains term lists and semantic classes used for training. Terms and classes were initially taken from the ACL RD-TEC v. 1 and 2 (http://pars.ie/lr/acl_rd-tec). Some instances of the large "other" category were relabeled and classes were merged to larger coarse-grained classes. The resulting classes are: * DSMMM: data structures, mathematics, models, measurements * TechTool: technologies and tools * Linguistics: linguistic theories, linguistic units, language resources, language resource products * Remaining other -* src \ No newline at end of file + * output: The resulting term list with resulting classes. These terms were previously *not annotated* in the ACL RD-TEC. + * frequencies_over_time: Absolute and relative (normalised by the number of annotated terms per year) frequencies of semantic classes over all publication years. Our version of the ACL ARC (http://acl-arc.comp.nus.edu.sg/) spanned the years from 1965 up to 2006. +* src: Python code for training and classification. From fe64f7f8d83ab17e1b8b5f9127d1d30183b1e54c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Thu, 13 Jul 2017 14:40:27 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 4/8] Added readme --- README.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 023adc4..8d78f23 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ # complingterm -This repository contains the materials for a coarse-grained classification of computational linguistics terms into semantic classes. The repository structure is as follows: +This repository contains the materials for a coarse-grained classification of computational linguistics terms from the ACL Anthology Reference Corpus (ACL ARC, http://acl-arc.comp.nus.edu.sg/) into semantic classes. The repository structure is as follows: * data * training: Contains term lists and semantic classes used for training. Terms and classes were initially taken from the ACL RD-TEC v. 1 and 2 (http://pars.ie/lr/acl_rd-tec). Some instances of the large "other" category were relabeled and classes were merged to larger coarse-grained classes. The resulting classes are: @@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ This repository contains the materials for a coarse-grained classification of co * Linguistics: linguistic theories, linguistic units, language resources, language resource products * Remaining other * output: The resulting term list with resulting classes. These terms were previously *not annotated* in the ACL RD-TEC. - * frequencies_over_time: Absolute and relative (normalised by the number of annotated terms per year) frequencies of semantic classes over all publication years. Our version of the ACL ARC (http://acl-arc.comp.nus.edu.sg/) spanned the years from 1965 up to 2006. + * frequencies_over_time: Absolute and relative (normalised by the number of annotated terms per year) frequencies of semantic classes over all publication years. Our version of the ACL ARC spanned the years from 1965 up to 2006. * src: Python code for training and classification. From 7dac5cf209933bf77a34f499c53c402a3a661f53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2017 10:04:43 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 5/8] Extended documentation --- README.md | 6 +- data/training/readme.md | 5 ++ src/{ => classification}/classify_terms.py | 0 .../classify_unannotated.py | 0 src/{ => classification}/create_embeddings.py | 0 .../process_other_relabeled.txt.py | 0 src/data extraction/get_consensualTerms.py | 40 ++++++++++++ src/data extraction/prepare_trainingfile.pl | 65 +++++++++++++++++++ src/data extraction/readme.md | 16 +++++ 9 files changed, 130 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 data/training/readme.md rename src/{ => classification}/classify_terms.py (100%) rename src/{ => classification}/classify_unannotated.py (100%) rename src/{ => classification}/create_embeddings.py (100%) rename src/{ => classification}/process_other_relabeled.txt.py (100%) create mode 100644 src/data extraction/get_consensualTerms.py create mode 100644 src/data extraction/prepare_trainingfile.pl create mode 100644 src/data extraction/readme.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 8d78f23..3fabff5 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ This repository contains the materials for a coarse-grained classification of co * TechTool: technologies and tools * Linguistics: linguistic theories, linguistic units, language resources, language resource products * Remaining other - * output: The resulting term list with resulting classes. These terms were previously *not annotated* in the ACL RD-TEC. + * output: The resulting term list with resulting classes, including training data. Most of these terms were previously *not annotated* in the ACL RD-TEC. * frequencies_over_time: Absolute and relative (normalised by the number of annotated terms per year) frequencies of semantic classes over all publication years. Our version of the ACL ARC spanned the years from 1965 up to 2006. -* src: Python code for training and classification. +* src + * data extraction: Tiny custom scripts for data preparation. Mainly put there for documentation. + * classification: Python code for training and classification. diff --git a/data/training/readme.md b/data/training/readme.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..019a83d --- /dev/null +++ b/data/training/readme.md @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +This file describes the contents of this folder. + +* classes_for_training.tsv: Original training file before manual relabelling, as output by the prepare_trainingfile.pl script. Numbers indicate the frequency of the assigned majority class in the manual ACL RD-TEC 2.0 annotation. +* classes_for_training_23nov.tsv: Result of a first relabeling step with more fine-grained class assignments. Share of "other" class has been notably reduced by this step (documents individually in file other:relabel.txt). +* classes_for_training_coarse.tsv: Gives the final training file for class assignments. diff --git a/src/classify_terms.py b/src/classification/classify_terms.py similarity index 100% rename from src/classify_terms.py rename to src/classification/classify_terms.py diff --git a/src/classify_unannotated.py b/src/classification/classify_unannotated.py similarity index 100% rename from src/classify_unannotated.py rename to src/classification/classify_unannotated.py diff --git a/src/create_embeddings.py b/src/classification/create_embeddings.py similarity index 100% rename from src/create_embeddings.py rename to src/classification/create_embeddings.py diff --git a/src/process_other_relabeled.txt.py b/src/classification/process_other_relabeled.txt.py similarity index 100% rename from src/process_other_relabeled.txt.py rename to src/classification/process_other_relabeled.txt.py diff --git a/src/data extraction/get_consensualTerms.py b/src/data extraction/get_consensualTerms.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6e02244 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/data extraction/get_consensualTerms.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +# This simple Python script extracts consensual term spans from the unified version of the ACL RD-TEC 2.0. +# The script reads a unified XML file and outputs consensual term spans with semantic class information to 2 categories of files. +# The script needs to iterate over files. I did this through batch, so the loop is not present here. Add it if need be. + +from __future__ import print_function #use python3 printing function in python 2 +import sys +import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET +import re + +infile = open(sys.argv[1], 'r') +outfile = open('OUTPUTPATH/allConsensualTerms_classes.txt', 'a') +outfile2 = open('OUTPUTPATH/allConsensualSpans_differentClasses.txt', 'a') + +tree = ET.parse(infile) +root = tree.getroot() + +for sent in root.iter('S'): + terms = sent.findall('term') + for term in terms: + tokens = term.findall('token') + tokentext = [] + for token in tokens: + tokentext.append(token.text) + output = ' '.join(tokentext) + class1 = term.get('class.1') + class2 = term.get('class.2') + if class1==class2: + match = re.search('^(None)', str(class1)) #ignore common Nones + if not match: + print(output, class1, class2, sep='\t', file=outfile, end="\n") + else: + match1 = re.search('^(None)', str(class1)) #ignore cases with None class + match2 = re.search('^(None)', str(class2)) + if not match1: + if not match2: + print(output, class1, class2, sep='\t', file=outfile2, end='\n') + +infile.close() +outfile.close() +outfile2.close() \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/data extraction/prepare_trainingfile.pl b/src/data extraction/prepare_trainingfile.pl new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e9ebe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/data extraction/prepare_trainingfile.pl @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +open(FINA, "<", "INPUTPATH/allConsensualTerms_classes.txt") or die "cannot open"; +open(FINB, "<", "INPUTPATH/allConsensualSpans_differentClasses.txt") or die "cannot open"; +open(FOUT, ">", $ARGV[0]); + +#read both files and create hash with class info for each word + +##make hashes for consensual class anno +while() { + if ($_ =~ /^(.+)\t(.+)\t/) { + $term = $1; + $val = $2; + } + else {print $_;} #output wrong lines to console + if (!exists $data{$term}{$val}) { + $data{$term}{$val} = 1; + } + else {$data{$term}{$val}++;} +} + +##make hashes for conflicting class anno +while() { + if ($_ =~ /^(.+)\t(.+)\t(.+)$/) { + $term = $1; + $val1 = $2; + $val2 = $3; + } + else {print $_;} #output wrong lines to console + if (!exists $data{$term}{$val1}) { + $data{$term}{$val1} = 1; + } + else {$data{$term}{$val1}++;} + if (!exists $data{$term}{$val2}) { + $data{$term}{$val} = 1; + } + else {$data{$term}{$val2}++;} +} + +@terms = keys %data; +#iterate through terms, finding the most frequent class +foreach $term (@terms) { + @classes = keys $data{$term}; + $highest = $data{$term}{$classes[0]}; #set first class to be highest initially + push(@equals, $highest); + $highest_class = $classes[0]; + for ($i = 1; $i <= $#classes; $i++) { + if ($data{$term}{$classes[$i]} > $highest) { + $highest = $data{$term}{$classes[$i]}; + $highest_class = $classes[$i]; + } + elsif ($data{$term}{$classes[$i]} == $highest) { #deal with identical counts by random selection + push(@equals, $i);#remember current index + } + } + if ($#equals > 0) {#at least one identical value has been found + $randomised_highest = int(rand($#equals+1)); + $highest = $data{$term}{$classes[$randomised_highest]}; + $highest_class = $classes[$randomised_highest]; + } + print FOUT $term, "\t", $highest_class, "\t", $highest, "\n"; + while (@equals) {pop @equals;} #get rid of this array +} + +close(FINA); +close(FINB); +close(FOUT); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/src/data extraction/readme.md b/src/data extraction/readme.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2be3393 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/data extraction/readme.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Readme + +This file describes the contents of this folder. The folder holds a set of ad-hoc Perl and Python scripts that were used to extract the term data for training and classification from ACL RD-TEC. Scripts are put here for documentation rather than active development. + +1. get_consensualTerms.py +This script processes [unified XML from ACL RD-TEC 2.0](https://github.com/languagerecipes/acl-rd-tec-2.0/tree/master/distribution/annoitation_files/double_annotated_files/unified_xml) to extract two types of semantic class annotations: + * term spans with identical class annotations + * term spans with diverging class annotations +Make sure to adapt the output paths to your needs before running the script. Also check the comments in the file. + +2. prepare_trainingfile.pl +This script prepares the initial training file. Outputs of step 1 are read and semantic classes are stored for each term. Since for most terms, there are multiple (conflicting) class assignments, the script outputs the majority class as the initial training class for classification. Note that these are the original ACL RD-TEC 2.0 classes before manual relabeling. Before running the script, make sure to adjust I/O paths. + +The list of all terms in the corpus (including a major share of previously unlabeled data) was created mainly from the ACL RD-TEC 1.0 term list in combination extracted annotations from ACL RD-TEC 2.0. This is reflected in the output list in (folder output), which holds labels for more than 20,000 terms. + +classes over time nochmal prüfen - was ist genau enthalten, auf welcher grundlage basiert das? \ No newline at end of file From 2c882f70bda5b4ea102d09cd8a739de260b9b2c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Thu, 10 Aug 2017 10:05:51 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 6/8] Extended documentation --- src/data extraction/readme.md | 4 +--- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 3 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/data extraction/readme.md b/src/data extraction/readme.md index 2be3393..6952933 100644 --- a/src/data extraction/readme.md +++ b/src/data extraction/readme.md @@ -11,6 +11,4 @@ Make sure to adapt the output paths to your needs before running the script. Als 2. prepare_trainingfile.pl This script prepares the initial training file. Outputs of step 1 are read and semantic classes are stored for each term. Since for most terms, there are multiple (conflicting) class assignments, the script outputs the majority class as the initial training class for classification. Note that these are the original ACL RD-TEC 2.0 classes before manual relabeling. Before running the script, make sure to adjust I/O paths. -The list of all terms in the corpus (including a major share of previously unlabeled data) was created mainly from the ACL RD-TEC 1.0 term list in combination extracted annotations from ACL RD-TEC 2.0. This is reflected in the output list in (folder output), which holds labels for more than 20,000 terms. - -classes over time nochmal prüfen - was ist genau enthalten, auf welcher grundlage basiert das? \ No newline at end of file +The list of all terms in the corpus (including a major share of previously unlabeled data) was created mainly from the ACL RD-TEC 1.0 term list in combination extracted annotations from ACL RD-TEC 2.0. This is reflected in the output list in (folder output), which holds labels for more than 20,000 terms. \ No newline at end of file From fbcbb79471bb96261fded84e576ee5235216914e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Thu, 17 May 2018 16:10:40 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 7/8] added cc license --- license/cc-license.txt | 121 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ license/readme.txt | 7 +++ 2 files changed, 128 insertions(+) create mode 100644 license/cc-license.txt create mode 100644 license/readme.txt diff --git a/license/cc-license.txt b/license/cc-license.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ebf0a1b --- /dev/null +++ b/license/cc-license.txt @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +Creative Commons +Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International + +Creative Commons Corporation (“Creative Commons”) is not a law firm and does not provide legal services or legal advice. Distribution of Creative Commons public licenses does not create a lawyer-client or other relationship. 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Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances will be considered the “Licensor.” Except for the limited purpose of indicating that material is shared under a Creative Commons public license or as otherwise permitted by the Creative Commons policies published at creativecommons.org/policies, Creative Commons does not authorize the use of the trademark “Creative Commons” or any other trademark or logo of Creative Commons without its prior written consent including, without limitation, in connection with any unauthorized modifications to any of its public licenses or any other arrangements, understandings, or agreements concerning use of licensed material. For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph does not form part of the public licenses. + +Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/license/readme.txt b/license/readme.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca5117b --- /dev/null +++ b/license/readme.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +=============================================================================== +THE Comlingterm License +=============================================================================== +The Complingterm dataset by Anne-Kathrin Schumann and Héctor Martínez Alonso is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Please attribute this data by citing Schumann and Alonso (2018). THE dataset is built from publicly available resources whose licenses allow redistribution. + +THE materials are licensed under a Creative Commons +Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. \ No newline at end of file From 71a2af4b5d6b6ea21f22f4cd8fe87e98122843fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: anetschka Date: Tue, 6 Aug 2019 00:24:47 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 8/8] Update README.md --- README.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3fabff5..ae4b21a 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -13,3 +13,7 @@ This repository contains the materials for a coarse-grained classification of co * src * data extraction: Tiny custom scripts for data preparation. Mainly put there for documentation. * classification: Python code for training and classification. + +If you use the data or code provided here, please cite the [following paper](http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/pdf/154.pdf) (where appropriate): + +Anne-Kathrin Schumann, Héctor Martínez Alonso: "Automatic Annotation of Semantic Term Types in the Complete ACL Anthology Reference Corpus". 11th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC) 2018, pp. 3707-3715. Miyazaki, Japan, May 7-12, 2018. European Language Resources Association.