diff --git a/license_check.ini b/license_check.ini
index 0d35f78..1f1c4c1 100644
--- a/license_check.ini
+++ b/license_check.ini
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ authorized_licenses:
         Apache-2.0
         PSF-2.0
 
+
 unauthorized_licenses:
         gpl v3
         gpl v2
diff --git a/src/scarr/engines/boosting.py b/src/scarr/engines/boosting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73c79d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/scarr/engines/boosting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+#
+# This Source Code Form is "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses", as
+# defined by the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.
+
+from .engine import Engine
+from ..modeling.dl_models import DL_Models as dlm
+import numpy as np
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+import math
+import copy
+from math import floor
+from tqdm import tqdm
+
+
+class DLLABoostingEnsemble:
+    def __init__(self, base_model_fn, n_estimators=3, lr=0.001, device=None):
+        self.base_model_fn = base_model_fn
+        self.n_estimators = n_estimators
+        self.lr = lr
+        self.sensitivity = None
+        self.models = []
+        self.device = device if device else torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+        self.criterion = nn.BCELoss()
+        self.epoch_batches = []
+        self.current_stage = 0
+        self.epochs_per_stage = 1
+        self.ready = False
+        self.curr_model = None
+        self.optimizer = None
+        self._fixed_epoch_batches = None
+
+
+    def begin_stage(self):
+        self.curr_model = self.base_model_fn().to(self.device)
+        self.optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(self.curr_model.parameters(), lr=1e-3)
+        self.ready = True
+
+
+    def update(self, X_batch, y_batch, log_batch=True):
+        if not self.ready:
+            self.begin_stage()
+
+        X_batch = X_batch.to(self.device).float()
+        y_batch = y_batch.to(self.device).long()
+
+        # compute current ensemble prediction (logits)
+        with torch.no_grad():
+            ensemble_logits = torch.zeros(X_batch.size(0), 2).to(self.device)
+            for model in self.models:
+                ensemble_logits += self.lr * model(X_batch)
+
+            if len(self.models) > 0:
+                ensemble_logits /= (self.lr * len(self.models))
+            else:
+                ensemble_logits = torch.full_like(y_batch, 0.5)
+
+        # compute residual pseudo-targets (added stability)
+        target = (y_batch - ensemble_logits).detach()
+        target = (target + 1.0) / 2.0
+        target = target.clamp(0.0, 1.0)
+
+        # train current model
+        self.curr_model.train()
+        pred_logits = self.curr_model(X_batch)
+
+        eps = 1e-5
+        pred_logits = pred_logits.clamp(eps, 1. - eps)
+
+        loss = self.criterion(pred_logits, target)
+
+        self.optimizer.zero_grad()
+        loss.backward()
+        self.optimizer.step()
+
+
+    def end_stage(self):
+        # save only model's state_dict
+        self.models.append(copy.deepcopy(self.curr_model).eval())
+        torch.cuda.empty_cache()  # helps prevent CUDA OOM
+        self.current_stage += 1
+        self.ready = False
+
+
+    def finish_training(self):
+        if self._fixed_epoch_batches is None:
+            # copy batches to CPU and detach
+            self._fixed_epoch_batches = [
+                (X.detach().cpu(), y.detach().cpu())
+                for (X, y) in self.epoch_batches
+            ]
+
+        for _ in range(self.n_estimators - self.current_stage):
+            self.begin_stage()
+            for _ in range(self.epochs_per_stage):
+                for X, y in self._fixed_epoch_batches:
+                    self.update(X, y, log_batch=False)
+            self.end_stage()
+
+
+    def predict(self, X):
+        X = X.to(self.device).float()
+        logits = torch.zeros((X.size(0), 2), device=self.device)
+        for model in self.models:
+            logits += self.lr * model(X)
+        probs = F.softmax(logits, dim=1)
+        
+        # return class index
+        return torch.argmax(probs, dim=1) 
+    
+
+    def compute_sensitivity(self, X_input):
+        self.curr_model.eval()
+        X_input = X_input.to(self.device).float()
+        X_input.requires_grad = True
+
+        # accumulate logits from all ensemble models
+        ensemble_logits = torch.zeros((X_input.size(0), 2), device=self.device)
+        for model in self.models:
+            model.eval()
+            logits = model(X_input)
+            ensemble_logits += self.lr * logits
+        ensemble_logits /= (self.lr * len(self.models))
+
+        # use the logit difference for class sensitivity
+        class_diff = ensemble_logits[:, 1] - ensemble_logits[:, 0]
+
+        # backpropagate to input features
+        class_diff.sum().backward()
+        gradients = X_input.grad
+
+        # aggregate absolute gradients across all samples
+        sensitivity_scores = gradients.abs().mean(dim=0).detach().cpu().numpy()
+        return sensitivity_scores
+    
+
+
+
+class Boosting(Engine):
+    def __init__(self, model_type, num_estimators, train_float, num_epochs) -> None:
+        # construction parameters
+        self.model_type = model_type
+        self.train_float = train_float
+        self.num_epochs = num_epochs
+        self.num_estimators = num_estimators
+        # initialize values needed
+        self.samples_len = 0
+        self.batch_size = 0
+        self.traces_len = 0
+        self.batches_num = 0
+        self.counted_batches = 0
+        self.data_dtype = None
+        self.sensitivity = None
+        self.sens_tensor = None
+        self.p_value = 0
+        # validation values
+        self.accuracy = 0
+        self.actual_labels = None
+        self.pred_labels = None
+        self.predicted_classes = None
+
+
+    def populate(self, container):
+        # initialize dimensional variables
+        self.samples_len = container.min_samples_length
+        self.traces_len = container.min_traces_length
+        self.batch_size = container.data.batch_size
+        self.batches_num = int(self.traces_len/self.batch_size)
+        # assign per-tile train and validation data
+        for tile in container.tiles:
+            (tile_x, tile_y) = tile
+        # config batches
+        container.configure(tile_x, tile_y, [0])
+        container.configure2(tile_x, tile_y, [0])
+
+
+    def fetch_training_batch(self, container, i):
+        batch1 = container.get_batch_index(i)[-1]
+        batch2 = container.get_batch_index2(i)[-1]
+        current_data = np.concatenate((batch1, batch2), axis=0)
+        label1 = np.zeros(len(batch1))
+        label2 = np.ones(len(batch2))
+        current_labels = np.concatenate((label1, label2), axis=0)
+        current_labels = np.eye(2)[current_labels.astype(int)]  # one-hot encode labels
+        return current_data, current_labels
+
+
+    def fetch_validation_batch(self, container, i, batch_size):
+        batch1 = container.get_batch_index(i)[-1]
+        batch2 = container.get_batch_index2(i)[-1]
+        current_data = np.concatenate((batch1, batch2), axis=0)
+        label1 = np.zeros(batch_size)
+        label2 = np.ones(batch_size)
+        current_labels = np.concatenate((label1, label2), axis=0)
+        return current_data, current_labels
+    
+
+    def train_ensemble(self, container):
+        num_batches = floor((self.traces_len / self.batch_size) * self.train_float)
+        print(f"Training {self.num_estimators} estimators on {num_batches} batches")
+
+        # feed batches
+        for i in tqdm(range(num_batches), desc="Processing batches"):
+            data_np, labels_oh = self.fetch_training_batch(container, i)
+            X = torch.tensor(data_np, dtype=torch.float32)
+            y = torch.tensor(labels_oh, dtype=torch.float32)
+            self.model.update(X, y)
+            self.counted_batches += 1
+
+        self.model.finish_training()
+
+        print(f"Finished training {self.num_estimators} models.")
+
+
+    def validate_ensemble(self, container):
+        num_val_batches = self.batches_num - self.counted_batches
+        print(f'Validating on {num_val_batches} batches')
+
+        X_new = np.empty((2*num_val_batches*self.batch_size, self.samples_len))
+        Y_test = np.empty((2*num_val_batches*self.batch_size))
+      
+        for i in tqdm(range(num_val_batches), desc="Processing batches"):
+                current_data, current_labels = self.fetch_validation_batch(container, i + int(self.batches_num * self.train_float), self.batch_size)
+
+                start_idx = i * self.batch_size
+                end_idx = start_idx + 2 * self.batch_size
+                X_new[start_idx:end_idx] = current_data
+                Y_test[start_idx:end_idx] = current_labels
+        
+        # save labels
+        self.actual_labels = Y_test[:]
+        # make new data into tensors
+        X_new_tensor = torch.tensor(X_new, dtype=torch.float32)
+
+        # make predictions
+        preds = self.model.predict(X_new_tensor)
+        preds = preds.cpu().numpy(force=True)
+        
+        # calculate accuracy
+        correct_predictions = np.sum(preds == Y_test)
+        self.accuracy = correct_predictions / len(Y_test)
+        
+        print(f"Made {preds.shape[0]} predictions with {self.accuracy:.2%} accuracy using the {self.model_type} model.")
+
+        # sensitivity stuff
+        self.sens_tensor = X_new_tensor
+
+
+    def run(self, container, model_building=False, model_validation=False):
+        # training
+        if model_building:
+            self.populate(container)
+            # initialize boosting ensemble
+            self.model = DLLABoostingEnsemble(
+                base_model_fn=lambda: dlm.eMLP(self.samples_len),
+                n_estimators=self.num_estimators,
+                lr=0.001,
+                device=torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
+            )
+            self.train_ensemble(container)
+        # validation
+        if model_validation:
+            self.validate_ensemble(container)
+
+
+    def get_sensitivity(self):
+        self.sensitivity = self.model.compute_sensitivity(self.sens_tensor)       
+        return self.sensitivity
+    
+
+    def get_accuracy(self):
+        return self.accuracy
+
+
+    # ===== p-value and leakage stuff =====
+    def binom_log_pmf(self,k, n, p):
+        if p == 0.0: return float('-inf') if k > 0 else 0.0
+        if p == 1.0: return float('-inf') if k < n else 0.0
+        return (
+            math.lgamma(n + 1) - math.lgamma(k + 1) - math.lgamma(n - k + 1)
+            + k * math.log(p)
+            + (n - k) * math.log(1 - p)
+        )
+
+
+    def logsumexp(self, log_probs):
+        max_log = max(log_probs)
+        return max_log + math.log(sum(math.exp(lp - max_log) for lp in log_probs))
+
+
+    def get_log10_binom_tail(self, k_min, n, p):
+        if k_min > n: return float('-inf')  # log(0)
+
+        log_probs = [self.binom_log_pmf(k, n, p) for k in range(k_min, n + 1)]
+        log_p_value = self.logsumexp(log_probs)
+        log10_p_value = log_p_value / math.log(10)  # convert ln(p) to log10(p)
+        return -log10_p_value
+
+
+    def get_leakage(self, p_th=1e-5):
+        M = self.traces_len - self.counted_batches * self.batch_size
+        sM = int(np.floor(self.accuracy * M))
+        sM = max(0, min(sM, M))
+
+        # compute -log10(p)
+        neg_log10_p = self.get_log10_binom_tail(sM, M, 0.5)
+        self.p_value = 10 ** (-neg_log10_p)  # only for comparison/display
+
+        if self.p_value <= p_th:
+            print(f"Leakage detected: p-value ≈ {self.p_value:.2e}, -log10(p) ≈ {neg_log10_p:.2f}")
+        else:
+            print(f"No significant leakage: p-value ≈ {self.p_value:.2e}, -log10(p) ≈ {neg_log10_p:.2f}")
+
+        return self.p_value, neg_log10_p
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/scarr/modeling/dl_models.py b/src/scarr/modeling/dl_models.py
index 6088f73..7bc7b96 100644
--- a/src/scarr/modeling/dl_models.py
+++ b/src/scarr/modeling/dl_models.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 # This Source Code Form is "Incompatible With Secondary Licenses", as
 # defined by the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.
 
-import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
 
 
@@ -33,6 +32,29 @@ def forward(self, x):
             x = self.flatten(x)
             logits = self.linear_relu_stack(x)
             return logits
+        
+
+    # Multi-Layered Perceptron (no softmax, for ensemble)
+    class eMLP(nn.Module):
+        def __init__(self, samples_len):
+            super().__init__()
+            self.flatten = nn.Flatten()
+            self.linear_relu_stack = nn.Sequential(
+                nn.Linear(samples_len, 120),
+                nn.ReLU(),
+                nn.BatchNorm1d(120),
+                nn.Linear(120, 90),
+                nn.ReLU(),
+                nn.BatchNorm1d(90),
+                nn.Linear(90, 50),
+                nn.ReLU(),
+                nn.BatchNorm1d(50),
+                nn.Linear(50, 2),  # no softmax here
+            )
+
+        def forward(self, x):
+            x = self.flatten(x)
+            return self.linear_relu_stack(x)
 
 
     # Convolutional Neural Network