Improve performance of cast from string to integral types

[andygrove]

What is the problem the feature request solves?

CometCastStringToNumericBenchmarkSuite shows that casts from string to integral types are slower than Spark:

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.22+7-LTS on Mac OS X 14.6.1
Apple M3 Max
CAST String to INT:                       Best Time(ms)   Avg Time(ms)   Stdev(ms)    Rate(M/s)   Per Row(ns)   Relative
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spark                                                56             64          11         18.7          53.4       1.0X
Comet (Scan)                                         56             68          16         18.9          53.0       1.0X
Comet (Scan + Exec)                                  70             88          21         15.0          66.6       0.8X

I would expect these to be much faster in Comet.

Describe the potential solution

No response

Additional context

No response