diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 788fa95..37602b0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.14"]
         platform: [octave]
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
index 339c39a..0d16d05 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ jobs:
   build:
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
         platform: [octave]
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
 
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 4c20be2..ab189dc 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -5,20 +5,19 @@
 ```sh
 uv venv env --python 3.14
 source env/bin/activate
-uv pip install pip
 ```
 
 ## packages
 
 ```sh
-pip install pru
+uv pip install pru
 pru -r requirements-all.txt
 ```
 
 ## Install in development mode
 
 ```shell
-pip install -e ."[dev]"
+uv pip install -e ."[dev]"
 ```
 
 ## Pytest
diff --git a/matpowercaseframes/constants.py b/matpowercaseframes/constants.py
index 7fe3012..9ebf361 100644
--- a/matpowercaseframes/constants.py
+++ b/matpowercaseframes/constants.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
     "dcline",
     "dclinecost",
     "case",
+    "reserves",
 )
 
 COLUMNS = {
@@ -112,6 +113,11 @@
         "MU_QMINT",
         "MU_QMAXT",
     ],
+    "reserves": {
+        "req": ["PREQ"],
+        "cost": ["C1"],
+        "qty": ["PQTY"],
+    },
     "if": {
         # negative 'BRANCHIDX' defines opposite direction
         "map": ["IFNUM", "BRANCHIDX"],
diff --git a/matpowercaseframes/core.py b/matpowercaseframes/core.py
index fa71eb1..11f5517 100644
--- a/matpowercaseframes/core.py
+++ b/matpowercaseframes/core.py
@@ -20,6 +20,38 @@
     MATPOWER_EXIST = False
 
 
+class ReservesFrames:
+    """A struct-like container for reserves data, similar to CaseFrames."""
+
+    def __init__(self, data=None):
+        """
+        Initialize ReservesFrames with optional data.
+
+        Args:
+            data (dict, optional): Dictionary containing reserves DataFrames.
+                Expected keys: 'zones', 'req', 'cost', 'qty'
+        """
+        self._attributes = []
+
+        if data is not None:
+            if isinstance(data, dict):
+                for key, value in data.items():
+                    self.setattr(key, value)
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f"ReservesFrames data must be a dict, got {type(data)}")
+
+    def setattr(self, name, value):
+        """Set attribute and track it in _attributes list."""
+        if name not in self._attributes:
+            self._attributes.append(name)
+        self.__setattr__(name, value)
+
+    @property
+    def attributes(self):
+        """List of attributes in this ReservesFrames object."""
+        return self._attributes
+
+
 class CaseFrames:
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -281,6 +313,9 @@ def _read_oct2py_struct(self, struct, allow_any_keys=False):
                 value = list_
             elif attribute in ["bus_name", "branch_name", "gen_name"]:
                 value = pd.Index([name[0] for name in list_], name=attribute)
+            elif attribute in ["reserves"]:
+                dfs = reserves_data_to_dataframes(list_)
+                value = ReservesFrames(dfs)
             else:  # bus, branch, gen, gencost, dcline, dclinecost
                 list_ = np.atleast_2d(list_)
                 n_cols = list_.shape[1]
@@ -510,37 +545,52 @@ def _update_index(self, allow_any_keys=False):
                 attribute_data.set_index(attribute_name_data, drop=False, inplace=True)
             except AttributeError:
                 attribute_data.set_index(
-                    pd.RangeIndex(1, len(attribute_data.index) + 1),
+                    pd.RangeIndex(1, len(attribute_data.index) + 1, name=attribute),
                     drop=False,
                     inplace=True,
                 )
 
         # gencost is optional
+        # NOTE: try except is better than checking hasattr for common possitive
         try:
             if "gen_name" in self._attributes:
                 self.gencost.set_index(self.gen_name, drop=False, inplace=True)
             else:
                 self.gencost.set_index(
-                    pd.RangeIndex(1, len(self.gen.index) + 1), drop=False, inplace=True
+                    pd.RangeIndex(1, len(self.gen.index) + 1, name="gen"),
+                    drop=False,
+                    inplace=True,
                 )
         except AttributeError:
+            # for when self.gencost doesn't exist
             pass
 
+        # NOTE: try hasattr is better than try except for common negative
+        if hasattr(self, "reserves"):
+            self.reserves.zones.columns = pd.RangeIndex(
+                start=1, stop=len(self.gen.index) + 1, name="gen"
+            )
+
         # other attributes
         if allow_any_keys:
-            for attribute in self._attributes:
-                if attribute in ["bus", "branch", "gen", "gencost"]:
-                    continue
-                attribute_data = getattr(self, attribute)
-                if isinstance(attribute_data, (pd.DataFrame, pd.Series)):
-                    # check if index is a RangeIndex
-                    if attribute_data.index.dtype == int:
-                        # replace the index with a new RangeIndex starting at 1
-                        attribute_data.set_index(
-                            pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=len(attribute_data) + 1),
-                            drop=False,
-                            inplace=True,
-                        )
+            self._update_index_any()
+
+    def _update_index_any(self):
+        for attribute in self._attributes:
+            if attribute in ["bus", "branch", "gen", "gencost", "reserves"]:
+                continue
+            attribute_data = getattr(self, attribute)
+            if isinstance(attribute_data, (pd.DataFrame, pd.Series)):
+                # check if index is a RangeIndex
+                if attribute_data.index.dtype == int:
+                    # replace the index with a new RangeIndex starting at 1
+                    attribute_data.set_index(
+                        pd.RangeIndex(
+                            start=1, stop=len(attribute_data) + 1, name=attribute
+                        ),
+                        drop=False,
+                        inplace=True,
+                    )
 
     def infer_numpy(self):
         """
@@ -608,6 +658,10 @@ def reset_index(self):
         )
         self.gen["GEN_BUS"] = self.gen["GEN_BUS"].replace(bus_map)
 
+        # TODO:
+        #   Since mpc.reserves.zones columns use cf.gen.index, don't forget to update
+        # the columns of mpc.reserves.zones if exists.
+
     def add_schema_case(self, F=None):
         # add case to follow casefromat/schema
         # !WARNING:
@@ -806,3 +860,42 @@ def to_schema(self, path, prefix="", suffix=""):
         if "case" not in self._attributes:
             self.add_schema_case()
         self.to_csv(path, prefix=prefix, suffix=suffix)
+
+
+def reserves_data_to_dataframes(reserves):
+    """
+    Convert all mpc.reserves struct data to DataFrames.
+
+    Args:
+        reserves: Octave struct or dictionary of mpc.reserves object from MATPOWER
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary containing:
+            - 'zones': Reserve zones DataFrame
+            - 'req': Reserve requirements DataFrame
+            - 'cost': Reserve costs DataFrame (if exists)
+            - 'qty': Reserve quantities DataFrame (if exists)
+    """
+    dfs = {}
+    n_zones, n_gens = reserves.zones.shape
+    dfs["zones"] = pd.DataFrame(
+        reserves.zones,
+        index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name="zone"),
+        columns=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_gens + 1, name="gen"),
+    )
+    zone_sum = dfs["zones"].sum(axis=0)
+    idx_gen_with_reserves = zone_sum[zone_sum > 0].index
+    dfs["req"] = pd.DataFrame(
+        reserves.req,
+        index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name="zone"),
+        columns=["PREQ"],
+    )
+    if hasattr(reserves, "cost"):
+        dfs["cost"] = pd.DataFrame(
+            reserves.cost, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=["C1"]
+        )
+    if hasattr(reserves, "qty"):
+        dfs["qty"] = pd.DataFrame(
+            reserves.qty, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=["PQTY"]
+        )
+    return dfs
diff --git a/notebooks/load_case9.ipynb b/notebooks/load_case9.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93f3870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notebooks/load_case9.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1538 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 23,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "The autoreload extension is already loaded. To reload it, use:\n",
+      "  %reload_ext autoreload\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "%load_ext autoreload\n",
+    "%autoreload 2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from matpower import start_instance\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from matpowercaseframes import CaseFrames"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 25,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "m = start_instance()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 26,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>F_BUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>T_BUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_R</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_X</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>TAP</th>\n",
+       "      <th>SHIFT</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_STATUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ANGMIN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ANGMAX</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>branch</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0576</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0170</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0920</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.158</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0390</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1700</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.358</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0586</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0119</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.209</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0085</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0720</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0625</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0320</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1610</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.306</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0850</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.176</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        F_BUS  T_BUS    BR_R    BR_X   BR_B  RATE_A  RATE_B  RATE_C  TAP  \\\n",
+       "branch                                                                     \n",
+       "1           1      4  0.0000  0.0576  0.000     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "2           4      5  0.0170  0.0920  0.158     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "3           5      6  0.0390  0.1700  0.358     150     150     150    0   \n",
+       "4           3      6  0.0000  0.0586  0.000     300     300     300    0   \n",
+       "5           6      7  0.0119  0.1008  0.209     150     150     150    0   \n",
+       "6           7      8  0.0085  0.0720  0.149     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "7           8      2  0.0000  0.0625  0.000     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "8           8      9  0.0320  0.1610  0.306     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "9           9      4  0.0100  0.0850  0.176     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "        SHIFT  BR_STATUS  ANGMIN  ANGMAX  \n",
+       "branch                                    \n",
+       "1           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "2           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "3           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "4           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "5           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "6           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "7           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "8           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "9           0          1    -360     360  "
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 26,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "CASE_NAME = \"case9.m\"\n",
+    "cf_9 = CaseFrames(CASE_NAME)\n",
+    "cf_9.infer_numpy()\n",
+    "cf_9.branch"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 27,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>F_BUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>T_BUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_R</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_X</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>TAP</th>\n",
+       "      <th>SHIFT</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_STATUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ANGMIN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ANGMAX</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>branch</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0576</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0170</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0920</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.158</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0390</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1700</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.358</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0586</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0119</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.209</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0085</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0720</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0625</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0320</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1610</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.306</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0850</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.176</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        F_BUS  T_BUS    BR_R    BR_X   BR_B  RATE_A  RATE_B  RATE_C  TAP  \\\n",
+       "branch                                                                     \n",
+       "1           1      4  0.0000  0.0576  0.000     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "2           4      5  0.0170  0.0920  0.158     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "3           5      6  0.0390  0.1700  0.358     150     150     150    0   \n",
+       "4           3      6  0.0000  0.0586  0.000     300     300     300    0   \n",
+       "5           6      7  0.0119  0.1008  0.209     150     150     150    0   \n",
+       "6           7      8  0.0085  0.0720  0.149     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "7           8      2  0.0000  0.0625  0.000     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "8           8      9  0.0320  0.1610  0.306     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "9           9      4  0.0100  0.0850  0.176     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "        SHIFT  BR_STATUS  ANGMIN  ANGMAX  \n",
+       "branch                                    \n",
+       "1           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "2           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "3           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "4           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "5           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "6           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "7           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "8           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "9           0          1    -360     360  "
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 27,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "CASE_NAME = \"case9.m\"\n",
+    "cf_9_lc = CaseFrames(CASE_NAME, load_case_engine=m)\n",
+    "cf_9_lc.infer_numpy()\n",
+    "cf_9_lc.branch"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 28,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "\n",
+      "MATPOWER Version 8.1, 12-Jul-2025\n",
+      "Power Flow -- AC-polar-power formulation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Newton's method converged in 4 iterations.\n",
+      "PF successful\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Converged in 0.09 seconds\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "|     System Summary                                                           |\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "\n",
+      "How many?                How much?              P (MW)            Q (MVAr)\n",
+      "---------------------    -------------------  -------------  -----------------\n",
+      "Buses              9     Total Gen Capacity     820.0        -900.0 to 900.0\n",
+      "Generators         3     On-line Capacity       820.0        -900.0 to 900.0\n",
+      "Committed Gens     3     Generation (actual)    319.6              22.8\n",
+      "Loads              3     Load                   315.0             115.0\n",
+      "  Fixed            3       Fixed                315.0             115.0\n",
+      "  Dispatchable     0       Dispatchable          -0.0 of -0.0      -0.0\n",
+      "Shunts             0     Shunt (inj)             -0.0               0.0\n",
+      "Branches           9     Losses (I^2 * Z)         4.64             48.38\n",
+      "Transformers       0     Branch Charging (inj)     -              140.5\n",
+      "Inter-ties         0     Total Inter-tie Flow     0.0               0.0\n",
+      "Areas              1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "                          Minimum                      Maximum\n",
+      "                 -------------------------  --------------------------------\n",
+      "Voltage Magnitude   0.996 p.u. @ bus 9          1.040 p.u. @ bus 1\n",
+      "Voltage Angle      -3.99 deg   @ bus 9          9.28 deg   @ bus 2\n",
+      "P Losses (I^2*R)             -                  2.30 MW    @ line 8-9\n",
+      "Q Losses (I^2*X)             -                 15.83 MVAr  @ line 8-2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "|     Bus Data                                                                 |\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      " Bus      Voltage          Generation             Load\n",
+      "  #   Mag(pu) Ang(deg)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)\n",
+      "----- ------- --------  --------  --------  --------  --------\n",
+      "    1  1.040    0.000*    71.64     27.05       -         -\n",
+      "    2  1.025    9.280    163.00      6.65       -         -\n",
+      "    3  1.025    4.665     85.00    -10.86       -         -\n",
+      "    4  1.026   -2.217       -         -         -         -\n",
+      "    5  1.013   -3.687       -         -       90.00     30.00\n",
+      "    6  1.032    1.967       -         -         -         -\n",
+      "    7  1.016    0.728       -         -      100.00     35.00\n",
+      "    8  1.026    3.720       -         -         -         -\n",
+      "    9  0.996   -3.989       -         -      125.00     50.00\n",
+      "                        --------  --------  --------  --------\n",
+      "               Total:    319.64     22.84    315.00    115.00\n",
+      "\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "|     Branch Data                                                              |\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "Brnch   From   To    From Bus Injection   To Bus Injection     Loss (I^2 * Z)\n",
+      "  #     Bus    Bus    P (MW)   Q (MVAr)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)\n",
+      "-----  -----  -----  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------\n",
+      "   1      1      4     71.64     27.05    -71.64    -23.92     0.000      3.12\n",
+      "   2      4      5     30.70      1.03    -30.54    -16.54     0.166      0.90\n",
+      "   3      5      6    -59.46    -13.46     60.82    -18.07     1.354      5.90\n",
+      "   4      3      6     85.00    -10.86    -85.00     14.96     0.000      4.10\n",
+      "   5      6      7     24.18      3.12    -24.10    -24.30     0.088      0.75\n",
+      "   6      7      8    -75.90    -10.70     76.38     -0.80     0.475      4.03\n",
+      "   7      8      2   -163.00      9.18    163.00      6.65     0.000     15.83\n",
+      "   8      8      9     86.62     -8.38    -84.32    -11.31     2.300     11.57\n",
+      "   9      9      4    -40.68    -38.69     40.94     22.89     0.258      2.19\n",
+      "                                                             --------  --------\n",
+      "                                                    Total:     4.641     48.38\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc = cf_9.to_mpc()\n",
+    "_ = m.runpf(mpc)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 29,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "\n",
+      "MATPOWER Version 8.1, 12-Jul-2025\n",
+      "Power Flow -- AC-polar-power formulation\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Newton's method converged in 4 iterations.\n",
+      "PF successful\n",
+      "\n",
+      "Converged in 0.04 seconds\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "|     System Summary                                                           |\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "\n",
+      "How many?                How much?              P (MW)            Q (MVAr)\n",
+      "---------------------    -------------------  -------------  -----------------\n",
+      "Buses              9     Total Gen Capacity     820.0        -900.0 to 900.0\n",
+      "Generators         3     On-line Capacity       820.0        -900.0 to 900.0\n",
+      "Committed Gens     3     Generation (actual)    319.6              22.8\n",
+      "Loads              3     Load                   315.0             115.0\n",
+      "  Fixed            3       Fixed                315.0             115.0\n",
+      "  Dispatchable     0       Dispatchable          -0.0 of -0.0      -0.0\n",
+      "Shunts             0     Shunt (inj)             -0.0               0.0\n",
+      "Branches           9     Losses (I^2 * Z)         4.64             48.38\n",
+      "Transformers       0     Branch Charging (inj)     -              140.5\n",
+      "Inter-ties         0     Total Inter-tie Flow     0.0               0.0\n",
+      "Areas              1\n",
+      "\n",
+      "                          Minimum                      Maximum\n",
+      "                 -------------------------  --------------------------------\n",
+      "Voltage Magnitude   0.996 p.u. @ bus 9          1.040 p.u. @ bus 1\n",
+      "Voltage Angle      -3.99 deg   @ bus 9          9.28 deg   @ bus 2\n",
+      "P Losses (I^2*R)             -                  2.30 MW    @ line 8-9\n",
+      "Q Losses (I^2*X)             -                 15.83 MVAr  @ line 8-2\n",
+      "\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "|     Bus Data                                                                 |\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      " Bus      Voltage          Generation             Load\n",
+      "  #   Mag(pu) Ang(deg)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)\n",
+      "----- ------- --------  --------  --------  --------  --------\n",
+      "    1  1.040    0.000*    71.64     27.05       -         -\n",
+      "    2  1.025    9.280    163.00      6.65       -         -\n",
+      "    3  1.025    4.665     85.00    -10.86       -         -\n",
+      "    4  1.026   -2.217       -         -         -         -\n",
+      "    5  1.013   -3.687       -         -       90.00     30.00\n",
+      "    6  1.032    1.967       -         -         -         -\n",
+      "    7  1.016    0.728       -         -      100.00     35.00\n",
+      "    8  1.026    3.720       -         -         -         -\n",
+      "    9  0.996   -3.989       -         -      125.00     50.00\n",
+      "                        --------  --------  --------  --------\n",
+      "               Total:    319.64     22.84    315.00    115.00\n",
+      "\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "|     Branch Data                                                              |\n",
+      "================================================================================\n",
+      "Brnch   From   To    From Bus Injection   To Bus Injection     Loss (I^2 * Z)\n",
+      "  #     Bus    Bus    P (MW)   Q (MVAr)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)   P (MW)   Q (MVAr)\n",
+      "-----  -----  -----  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------  --------\n",
+      "   1      1      4     71.64     27.05    -71.64    -23.92     0.000      3.12\n",
+      "   2      4      5     30.70      1.03    -30.54    -16.54     0.166      0.90\n",
+      "   3      5      6    -59.46    -13.46     60.82    -18.07     1.354      5.90\n",
+      "   4      3      6     85.00    -10.86    -85.00     14.96     0.000      4.10\n",
+      "   5      6      7     24.18      3.12    -24.10    -24.30     0.088      0.75\n",
+      "   6      7      8    -75.90    -10.70     76.38     -0.80     0.475      4.03\n",
+      "   7      8      2   -163.00      9.18    163.00      6.65     0.000     15.83\n",
+      "   8      8      9     86.62     -8.38    -84.32    -11.31     2.300     11.57\n",
+      "   9      9      4    -40.68    -38.69     40.94     22.89     0.258      2.19\n",
+      "                                                             --------  --------\n",
+      "                                                    Total:     4.641     48.38\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc = cf_9_lc.to_mpc()\n",
+    "_ = m.runpf(mpc)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 30,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'version'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'2'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'baseMVA'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "100"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'bus'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>BUS_I</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BUS_TYPE</th>\n",
+       "      <th>PD</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QD</th>\n",
+       "      <th>GS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BUS_AREA</th>\n",
+       "      <th>VM</th>\n",
+       "      <th>VA</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BASE_KV</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ZONE</th>\n",
+       "      <th>VMAX</th>\n",
+       "      <th>VMIN</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>bus</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>345</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     BUS_I  BUS_TYPE   PD  QD  GS  BS  BUS_AREA  VM  VA  BASE_KV  ZONE  VMAX  \\\n",
+       "bus                                                                            \n",
+       "1        1         3    0   0   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "2        2         2    0   0   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "3        3         2    0   0   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "4        4         1    0   0   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "5        5         1   90  30   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "6        6         1    0   0   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "7        7         1  100  35   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "8        8         1    0   0   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "9        9         1  125  50   0   0         1   1   0      345     1   1.1   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "     VMIN  \n",
+       "bus        \n",
+       "1     0.9  \n",
+       "2     0.9  \n",
+       "3     0.9  \n",
+       "4     0.9  \n",
+       "5     0.9  \n",
+       "6     0.9  \n",
+       "7     0.9  \n",
+       "8     0.9  \n",
+       "9     0.9  "
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'gen'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
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+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>GEN_BUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>PG</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QG</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QMAX</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QMIN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>VG</th>\n",
+       "      <th>MBASE</th>\n",
+       "      <th>GEN_STATUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>PMAX</th>\n",
+       "      <th>PMIN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <th>PC2</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QC1MIN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QC1MAX</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QC2MIN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>QC2MAX</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RAMP_AGC</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RAMP_10</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RAMP_30</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RAMP_Q</th>\n",
+       "      <th>APF</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72.3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27.03</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.040</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>163.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.54</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.025</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-10.95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.025</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>270</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>3 rows × 21 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     GEN_BUS     PG     QG  QMAX  QMIN     VG  MBASE  GEN_STATUS  PMAX  PMIN  \\\n",
+       "gen                                                                            \n",
+       "1          1   72.3  27.03   300  -300  1.040    100           1   250    10   \n",
+       "2          2  163.0   6.54   300  -300  1.025    100           1   300    10   \n",
+       "3          3   85.0 -10.95   300  -300  1.025    100           1   270    10   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "     ...  PC2  QC1MIN  QC1MAX  QC2MIN  QC2MAX  RAMP_AGC  RAMP_10  RAMP_30  \\\n",
+       "gen  ...                                                                    \n",
+       "1    ...    0       0       0       0       0         0        0        0   \n",
+       "2    ...    0       0       0       0       0         0        0        0   \n",
+       "3    ...    0       0       0       0       0         0        0        0   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "     RAMP_Q  APF  \n",
+       "gen               \n",
+       "1         0    0  \n",
+       "2         0    0  \n",
+       "3         0    0  \n",
+       "\n",
+       "[3 rows x 21 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'branch'"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>F_BUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>T_BUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_R</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_X</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>RATE_C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>TAP</th>\n",
+       "      <th>SHIFT</th>\n",
+       "      <th>BR_STATUS</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ANGMIN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ANGMAX</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>branch</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0576</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0170</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0920</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.158</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0390</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1700</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.358</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0586</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>300</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0119</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.209</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0085</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0720</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0625</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0320</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1610</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.306</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0850</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.176</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>250</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>-360</td>\n",
+       "      <td>360</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        F_BUS  T_BUS    BR_R    BR_X   BR_B  RATE_A  RATE_B  RATE_C  TAP  \\\n",
+       "branch                                                                     \n",
+       "1           1      4  0.0000  0.0576  0.000     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "2           4      5  0.0170  0.0920  0.158     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "3           5      6  0.0390  0.1700  0.358     150     150     150    0   \n",
+       "4           3      6  0.0000  0.0586  0.000     300     300     300    0   \n",
+       "5           6      7  0.0119  0.1008  0.209     150     150     150    0   \n",
+       "6           7      8  0.0085  0.0720  0.149     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "7           8      2  0.0000  0.0625  0.000     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "8           8      9  0.0320  0.1610  0.306     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "9           9      4  0.0100  0.0850  0.176     250     250     250    0   \n",
+       "\n",
+       "        SHIFT  BR_STATUS  ANGMIN  ANGMAX  \n",
+       "branch                                    \n",
+       "1           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "2           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "3           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "4           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "5           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "6           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "7           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "8           0          1    -360     360  \n",
+       "9           0          1    -360     360  "
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "'gencost'"
+      ]
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+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>MODEL</th>\n",
+       "      <th>STARTUP</th>\n",
+       "      <th>SHUTDOWN</th>\n",
+       "      <th>NCOST</th>\n",
+       "      <th>C2</th>\n",
+       "      <th>C1</th>\n",
+       "      <th>C0</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1500</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>150</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0850</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>600</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.1225</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>335</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     MODEL  STARTUP  SHUTDOWN  NCOST      C2   C1   C0\n",
+       "gen                                                   \n",
+       "1        2     1500         0      3  0.1100  5.0  150\n",
+       "2        2     2000         0      3  0.0850  1.2  600\n",
+       "3        2     3000         0      3  0.1225  1.0  335"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "for attr in cf_9.attributes:\n",
+    "    display(attr, getattr(cf_9, attr))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "m.exit()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "env",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.14.2"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}
diff --git a/notebooks/load_most_ex_case3a.ipynb b/notebooks/load_most_ex_case3a.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..126ee8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notebooks/load_most_ex_case3a.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1835 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "eae79aa2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# # install octave\n",
+    "# !sudo apt-get -qq update\n",
+    "# !sudo apt-get -qq install octave octave-signal liboctave-dev\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# # install oct2py that compatible with colab\n",
+    "# import os\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# from pkg_resources import get_distribution\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# os.system(\n",
+    "#     f\"pip install -qq\"\n",
+    "#     f\" ipykernel=={get_distribution('ipykernel').version}\"\n",
+    "#     f\" ipython=={get_distribution('ipython').version}\"\n",
+    "#     f\" tornado=={get_distribution('tornado').version}\"\n",
+    "#     f\" oct2py\"\n",
+    "# )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# # install packages\n",
+    "# !pip install -qq matpower matpowercaseframes"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "id": "5bc86ee4",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "oct2py version: 5.8.0\n",
+      "matpower version: 8.1.0.2.2.3\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import matpower\n",
+    "import oct2py\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(f\"oct2py version: {oct2py.__version__}\")\n",
+    "print(f\"matpower version: {matpower.__version__}\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "id": "3116b86b",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import os\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "from matpower import path_matpower, start_instance\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from matpowercaseframes import CaseFrames"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "id": "10fd2d91",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "path_most_ex_cases = os.path.join(path_matpower, \"most/examples\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "id": "7e230eb0",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "m = start_instance()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "id": "6d93dd06",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'version': '2',\n",
+       " 'baseMVA': 100.0,\n",
+       " 'bus': array([[  1.  ,   3.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95],\n",
+       "        [  2.  ,   2.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95],\n",
+       "        [  3.  ,   2.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95]]),\n",
+       " 'gen': array([[   1.,  125.,    0.,   25.,  -25.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  200.,\n",
+       "            0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  250.,\n",
+       "          250.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "        [   1.,  125.,    0.,   25.,  -25.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  200.,\n",
+       "            0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  250.,\n",
+       "          250.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "        [   2.,  200.,    0.,   50.,  -50.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  500.,\n",
+       "            0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  600.,\n",
+       "          600.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "        [   3., -450.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    1.,  100.,    1.,    0.,\n",
+       "         -450.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  500.,\n",
+       "          500.,    0.,    0.]]),\n",
+       " 'branch': array([[ 1.0e+00,  2.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.0e+02,\n",
+       "          3.0e+02,  3.0e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.0e+00,  3.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  2.4e+02,\n",
+       "          2.4e+02,  2.4e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.0e+00,  3.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.0e+02,\n",
+       "          3.0e+02,  3.0e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02]]),\n",
+       " 'gencost': array([[2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "        [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "        [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "        [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 0.e+00, 1.e+03, 0.e+00]]),\n",
+       " 'reserves': {'zones': array([[1., 1., 1., 0.]]),\n",
+       "  'req': 150.0,\n",
+       "  'cost': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [3.],\n",
+       "         [5.]]),\n",
+       "  'qty': array([[100.],\n",
+       "         [100.],\n",
+       "         [200.]])}}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# load single most example case\n",
+    "mpc = m.loadcase(os.path.join(path_most_ex_cases, \"ex_case3a.m\"))\n",
+    "mpc"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "id": "b6bbbce4",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "dict_keys(['version', 'baseMVA', 'bus', 'gen', 'branch', 'gencost', 'reserves'])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc.keys()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "id": "ea66211a",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from matpowercaseframes.constants import COLUMNS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "id": "a911808f",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "dict_keys(['bus', 'gen', 'branch', 'dcline', 'if', 'gencost', 'dclinecost', 'bus_name', 'branch_name', 'gen_name', 'case'])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "COLUMNS.keys()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "id": "f63470e2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'baseMVA', 'reserves', 'version'}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc_keys = set(mpc.keys())\n",
+    "columns_keys = set(COLUMNS.keys())\n",
+    "missing_keys = mpc_keys - columns_keys\n",
+    "missing_keys"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "id": "8577fe89",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'zones': array([[1., 1., 1., 0.]]),\n",
+       " 'req': 150.0,\n",
+       " 'cost': array([[1.],\n",
+       "        [3.],\n",
+       "        [5.]]),\n",
+       " 'qty': array([[100.],\n",
+       "        [100.],\n",
+       "        [200.]])}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc.reserves"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "f46abaea",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Reserve Data\n",
+    "\n",
+    "reserve zones, element i, j is 1 if gen j is in zone i, 0 otherwise.\n",
+    "dimension (zone, gen)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.zones = [\n",
+    "\t1\t1\t1\t0;\n",
+    "];\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Mapped to `DataFrame` with index follows zone index (from 1), and columns follows\n",
+    "generator index (cf.gen.index)."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "id": "aaf701d3",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "n_zones, n_gens = mpc.reserves.zones.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "id": "370d5e7c",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "gen     1    2    3    4\n",
+       "zone                    \n",
+       "1     1.0  1.0  1.0  0.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df_reserves_zone = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    mpc.reserves.zones,\n",
+    "    index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name=\"zone\"),\n",
+    "    columns=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_gens + 1, name=\"gen\"),\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_zone"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "ded7b892",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "reserve requirements for each zone in MW\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.req = [60; 20];\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "or\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.req = 150;\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Mapped to `DataFrame` with index follows zone index (from 1), and single column 'PREQ'."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "id": "b817c54f",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PREQ</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>150.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       PREQ\n",
+       "zone       \n",
+       "1     150.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 14,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df_reserves_req = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    mpc.reserves.req,\n",
+    "    index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name=\"zone\"),\n",
+    "    columns=[\"PREQ\"],\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_req"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "82107817",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "reserve costs in $/MW for each gen that belongs to at least 1 zone. (same order as gens,\n",
+    "but skipping any gen that does not belong to any zone)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.cost  = [\t1.9;\t2;\t3;\t4;\t5;\t5.5\t];\n",
+    "```"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "id": "fb21239e",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "RangeIndex(start=1, stop=4, step=1, name='gen')"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 15,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df_reserves_zone_sum = df_reserves_zone.sum(axis=0)\n",
+    "idx_gen_with_reserves = df_reserves_zone_sum[df_reserves_zone_sum > 0].index\n",
+    "idx_gen_with_reserves"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "id": "ebe8a6de",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>C1</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      C1\n",
+       "gen     \n",
+       "1    1.0\n",
+       "2    3.0\n",
+       "3    5.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df_reserves_cost = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    mpc.reserves.cost, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=[\"C1\"]\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_cost"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "a2b1e889",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "max reserve quantities for each gen that belongs to at least 1 zone. (same order as\n",
+    "gens, but skipping any gen that does not belong to any zone)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.qty = [\t25;\t25;\t25;\t25;\t25;\t25\t];\n",
+    "```"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "id": "4e486ee1",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PQTY</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>200.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      PQTY\n",
+       "gen       \n",
+       "1    100.0\n",
+       "2    100.0\n",
+       "3    200.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df_reserves_qty = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    mpc.reserves.qty, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=[\"PQTY\"]\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_qty"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "5389d132",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "def reserves_data_to_dataframes(reserves):\n",
+    "    \"\"\"\n",
+    "    Convert all mpc.reserves data to DataFrames.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    Args:\n",
+    "        reserves: mpc.reserves object from MATPOWER\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    Returns:\n",
+    "        Dictionary containing:\n",
+    "            - 'zones': Reserve zones DataFrame\n",
+    "            - 'req': Reserve requirements DataFrame\n",
+    "            - 'cost': Reserve costs DataFrame (if exists)\n",
+    "            - 'qty': Reserve quantities DataFrame (if exists)\n",
+    "    \"\"\"\n",
+    "    dfs = {}\n",
+    "    n_zones, n_gens = reserves.zones.shape\n",
+    "    dfs[\"zones\"] = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "        reserves.zones,\n",
+    "        index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name=\"zone\"),\n",
+    "        columns=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_gens + 1, name=\"gen\"),\n",
+    "    )\n",
+    "    zone_sum = dfs[\"zones\"].sum(axis=0)\n",
+    "    idx_gen_with_reserves = zone_sum[zone_sum > 0].index\n",
+    "    dfs[\"req\"] = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "        reserves.req,\n",
+    "        index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name=\"zone\"),\n",
+    "        columns=[\"PREQ\"],\n",
+    "    )\n",
+    "    if hasattr(reserves, \"cost\"):\n",
+    "        dfs[\"cost\"] = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "            reserves.cost, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=[\"C1\"]\n",
+    "        )\n",
+    "    if hasattr(reserves, \"qty\"):\n",
+    "        dfs[\"qty\"] = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "            reserves.qty, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=[\"PQTY\"]\n",
+    "        )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    return dfs"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "a686e0ab",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "zones\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "gen     1    2    3    4    5    6\n",
+       "zone                              \n",
+       "1     1.0  1.0  1.0  0.0  0.0  0.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "req\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PREQ</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>150.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       PREQ\n",
+       "zone       \n",
+       "1     150.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "cost\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>C1</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      C1\n",
+       "gen     \n",
+       "1    1.0\n",
+       "2    3.0\n",
+       "3    5.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "qty\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PQTY</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>200.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      PQTY\n",
+       "gen       \n",
+       "1    100.0\n",
+       "2    100.0\n",
+       "3    200.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "dfs = reserves_data_to_dataframes(mpc.reserves)\n",
+    "for key, value in dfs.items():\n",
+    "    print(key)\n",
+    "    display(value)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "id": "87bc9631",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "zones\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "gen     1    2    3    4\n",
+       "zone                    \n",
+       "1     1.0  1.0  1.0  0.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "req\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PREQ</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>150.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       PREQ\n",
+       "zone       \n",
+       "1     150.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "cost\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>C1</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      C1\n",
+       "gen     \n",
+       "1    1.0\n",
+       "2    3.0\n",
+       "3    5.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "qty\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PQTY</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>200.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      PQTY\n",
+       "gen       \n",
+       "1    100.0\n",
+       "2    100.0\n",
+       "3    200.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cf = CaseFrames(os.path.join(path_most_ex_cases, \"ex_case3a.m\"), load_case_engine=m)\n",
+    "for attribute in cf.reserves._attributes:\n",
+    "    print(attribute)\n",
+    "    display(getattr(cf.reserves, attribute))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "id": "71fd2c3b",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "gen     1    2    3    4\n",
+       "zone                    \n",
+       "1     1.0  1.0  1.0  0.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cf.reserves.zones"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "8789a89c",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "> [!NOTE]  \n",
+    "> Currently, `loadgenericdata` didn't support absolute path. This impacts various `most`\n",
+    "> functions. See: <https://github.com/MATPOWER/matpower/pull/283>."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "id": "65bf6c72",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'CommitSched': array([[1.],\n",
+       "        [1.],\n",
+       "        [1.],\n",
+       "        [1.]]),\n",
+       " 'InitialPg': array([[ 125.],\n",
+       "        [ 125.],\n",
+       "        [ 200.],\n",
+       "        [-450.]]),\n",
+       " 'RampWearCostCoeff': array([[0.],\n",
+       "        [0.],\n",
+       "        [0.],\n",
+       "        [0.]]),\n",
+       " 'PositiveActiveReservePrice': array([[5.0e+00],\n",
+       "        [1.0e-08],\n",
+       "        [1.5e+00],\n",
+       "        [1.0e-08]]),\n",
+       " 'PositiveActiveReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "        [250.],\n",
+       "        [600.],\n",
+       "        [800.]]),\n",
+       " 'NegativeActiveReservePrice': array([[1.e+01],\n",
+       "        [2.e-08],\n",
+       "        [3.e+00],\n",
+       "        [2.e-08]]),\n",
+       " 'NegativeActiveReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "        [250.],\n",
+       "        [600.],\n",
+       "        [800.]]),\n",
+       " 'PositiveActiveDeltaPrice': array([[1.e-09],\n",
+       "        [1.e-09],\n",
+       "        [1.e-09],\n",
+       "        [1.e-09]]),\n",
+       " 'NegativeActiveDeltaPrice': array([[1.e-09],\n",
+       "        [1.e-09],\n",
+       "        [1.e-09],\n",
+       "        [1.e-09]]),\n",
+       " 'PositiveLoadFollowReservePrice': array([[1.e-06],\n",
+       "        [1.e-06],\n",
+       "        [1.e+01],\n",
+       "        [1.e-06]]),\n",
+       " 'PositiveLoadFollowReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "        [250.],\n",
+       "        [100.],\n",
+       "        [800.]]),\n",
+       " 'NegativeLoadFollowReservePrice': array([[1.e-06],\n",
+       "        [1.e-06],\n",
+       "        [1.e+01],\n",
+       "        [1.e-06]]),\n",
+       " 'NegativeLoadFollowReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "        [250.],\n",
+       "        [250.],\n",
+       "        [800.]]),\n",
+       " 'CommitKey': array([[1.],\n",
+       "        [1.],\n",
+       "        [1.],\n",
+       "        [2.]]),\n",
+       " 'InitialState': array([[inf],\n",
+       "        [inf],\n",
+       "        [inf],\n",
+       "        [inf]]),\n",
+       " 'MinUp': array([[1.],\n",
+       "        [3.],\n",
+       "        [1.],\n",
+       "        [1.]]),\n",
+       " 'MinDown': array([[1.],\n",
+       "        [1.],\n",
+       "        [1.],\n",
+       "        [1.]])}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 18,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "xgd = m.loadxgendata(\"ex_xgd_uc.m\", mpc)\n",
+    "xgd"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "id": "9688f94d",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[5.0,\n",
+       " {'version': '2',\n",
+       "  'baseMVA': 100.0,\n",
+       "  'bus': array([[  1.  ,   3.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "            0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95],\n",
+       "         [  2.  ,   2.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "            0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95],\n",
+       "         [  3.  ,   2.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "            0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95]]),\n",
+       "  'gen': array([[   1.,  125.,    0.,   25.,  -25.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  200.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  250.,\n",
+       "           250.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   1.,  125.,    0.,   25.,  -25.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  200.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  250.,\n",
+       "           250.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   2.,  200.,    0.,   50.,  -50.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  500.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  600.,\n",
+       "           600.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   3., -450.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    1.,  100.,    1.,    0.,\n",
+       "          -450.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  500.,\n",
+       "           500.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   2.,    0.,    0.,   50.,  -50.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  100.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  200.,\n",
+       "           200.,    0.,    0.]]),\n",
+       "  'branch': array([[ 1.0e+00,  2.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.0e+02,\n",
+       "           3.0e+02,  3.0e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "           3.6e+02],\n",
+       "         [ 1.0e+00,  3.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  2.4e+02,\n",
+       "           2.4e+02,  2.4e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "           3.6e+02],\n",
+       "         [ 2.0e+00,  3.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.0e+02,\n",
+       "           3.0e+02,  3.0e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "           3.6e+02]]),\n",
+       "  'gencost': array([[2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 0.e+00, 1.e+03, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00]]),\n",
+       "  'reserves': {'zones': array([[1., 1., 1., 0., 0.]]),\n",
+       "   'req': 150.0,\n",
+       "   'cost': array([[1.],\n",
+       "          [3.],\n",
+       "          [5.]]),\n",
+       "   'qty': array([[100.],\n",
+       "          [100.],\n",
+       "          [200.]])},\n",
+       "  'genfuel': Cell([['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['wind']]),\n",
+       "  'iwind': 5.0},\n",
+       " {'CommitSched': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.]]),\n",
+       "  'InitialPg': array([[ 125.],\n",
+       "         [ 125.],\n",
+       "         [ 200.],\n",
+       "         [-450.],\n",
+       "         [   0.]]),\n",
+       "  'RampWearCostCoeff': array([[0.],\n",
+       "         [0.],\n",
+       "         [0.],\n",
+       "         [0.],\n",
+       "         [0.]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveActiveReservePrice': array([[5.0e+00],\n",
+       "         [1.0e-08],\n",
+       "         [1.5e+00],\n",
+       "         [1.0e-08],\n",
+       "         [1.0e-08]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveActiveReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [600.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeActiveReservePrice': array([[1.e+01],\n",
+       "         [2.e-08],\n",
+       "         [3.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e-08],\n",
+       "         [2.e-08]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeActiveReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [600.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveActiveDeltaPrice': array([[1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeActiveDeltaPrice': array([[1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveLoadFollowReservePrice': array([[1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e+01],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveLoadFollowReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [100.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeLoadFollowReservePrice': array([[1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e+01],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeLoadFollowReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.]]),\n",
+       "  'CommitKey': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [2.],\n",
+       "         [2.]]),\n",
+       "  'InitialState': array([[inf],\n",
+       "         [inf],\n",
+       "         [inf],\n",
+       "         [inf],\n",
+       "         [inf]]),\n",
+       "  'MinUp': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [3.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.]]),\n",
+       "  'MinDown': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.]])}]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 19,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "[iwind, mpc, xgd] = m.addwind(\"ex_wind_uc\", mpc, xgd, nout=3)\n",
+    "[iwind, mpc, xgd]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "id": "676057c0",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'type': 'mpcData',\n",
+       " 'table': 2.0,\n",
+       " 'rows': 5.0,\n",
+       " 'col': 9.0,\n",
+       " 'chgtype': 2.0,\n",
+       " 'values': array([[0.8 ],\n",
+       "        [0.65],\n",
+       "        [0.6 ],\n",
+       "        [0.82],\n",
+       "        [1.  ],\n",
+       "        [0.7 ],\n",
+       "        [0.5 ],\n",
+       "        [0.85],\n",
+       "        [1.  ],\n",
+       "        [1.1 ],\n",
+       "        [1.06],\n",
+       "        [0.95]])}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 20,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "profiles = m.getprofiles(\"ex_wind_profile_d\", iwind)\n",
+    "profiles"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "id": "2bcf5d64",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "2x1 StructArray containing the fields:\n",
+       "    type\n",
+       "    table\n",
+       "    rows\n",
+       "    col\n",
+       "    chgtype\n",
+       "    values"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 21,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "profiles = m.getprofiles(\"ex_load_profile\", profiles)\n",
+    "profiles"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "id": "ee0cec81",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# TODO: example on `mdi = loadmd(mpc, transmat, xgd, [], 'ex_contab', profiles);`"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 23,
+   "id": "c9726cc1",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[6.0,\n",
+       " {'version': '2',\n",
+       "  'baseMVA': 100.0,\n",
+       "  'bus': array([[  1.  ,   3.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "            0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95],\n",
+       "         [  2.  ,   2.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "            0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95],\n",
+       "         [  3.  ,   2.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   1.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "            0.  , 135.  ,   1.  ,   1.05,   0.95]]),\n",
+       "  'gen': array([[   1.,  125.,    0.,   25.,  -25.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  200.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  250.,\n",
+       "           250.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   1.,  125.,    0.,   25.,  -25.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  200.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  250.,\n",
+       "           250.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   2.,  200.,    0.,   50.,  -50.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  500.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  600.,\n",
+       "           600.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   3., -450.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    1.,  100.,    1.,    0.,\n",
+       "          -450.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  500.,\n",
+       "           500.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   2.,    0.,    0.,   50.,  -50.,    1.,  100.,    1.,  100.,\n",
+       "             0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,  200.,\n",
+       "           200.,    0.,    0.],\n",
+       "         [   3.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    1.,  100.,    1.,   80.,\n",
+       "           -80.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,    0.,   20.,\n",
+       "            20.,    0.,    0.]]),\n",
+       "  'branch': array([[ 1.0e+00,  2.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.0e+02,\n",
+       "           3.0e+02,  3.0e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "           3.6e+02],\n",
+       "         [ 1.0e+00,  3.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  2.4e+02,\n",
+       "           2.4e+02,  2.4e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "           3.6e+02],\n",
+       "         [ 2.0e+00,  3.0e+00,  5.0e-03,  1.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.0e+02,\n",
+       "           3.0e+02,  3.0e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "           3.6e+02]]),\n",
+       "  'gencost': array([[2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 1.e-01, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 3.e+00, 0.e+00, 1.e+03, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 2.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00, 0.e+00]]),\n",
+       "  'reserves': {'zones': array([[1., 1., 1., 0., 0., 0.]]),\n",
+       "   'req': 150.0,\n",
+       "   'cost': array([[1.],\n",
+       "          [3.],\n",
+       "          [5.]]),\n",
+       "   'qty': array([[100.],\n",
+       "          [100.],\n",
+       "          [200.]])},\n",
+       "  'genfuel': Cell([['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['unknown'],\n",
+       "         ['wind'],\n",
+       "         ['ess']]),\n",
+       "  'iwind': 5.0,\n",
+       "  'iess': 6.0},\n",
+       " {'CommitSched': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.]]),\n",
+       "  'InitialPg': array([[ 125.],\n",
+       "         [ 125.],\n",
+       "         [ 200.],\n",
+       "         [-450.],\n",
+       "         [   0.],\n",
+       "         [   0.]]),\n",
+       "  'RampWearCostCoeff': array([[0.],\n",
+       "         [0.],\n",
+       "         [0.],\n",
+       "         [0.],\n",
+       "         [0.],\n",
+       "         [0.]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveActiveReservePrice': array([[5.0e+00],\n",
+       "         [1.0e-08],\n",
+       "         [1.5e+00],\n",
+       "         [1.0e-08],\n",
+       "         [1.0e-08],\n",
+       "         [1.0e-08]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveActiveReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [600.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.],\n",
+       "         [160.]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeActiveReservePrice': array([[1.e+01],\n",
+       "         [2.e-08],\n",
+       "         [3.e+00],\n",
+       "         [2.e-08],\n",
+       "         [2.e-08],\n",
+       "         [2.e-08]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeActiveReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [600.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.],\n",
+       "         [160.]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveActiveDeltaPrice': array([[1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeActiveDeltaPrice': array([[1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09],\n",
+       "         [1.e-09]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveLoadFollowReservePrice': array([[1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e+01],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06]]),\n",
+       "  'PositiveLoadFollowReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [100.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.],\n",
+       "         [160.]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeLoadFollowReservePrice': array([[1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e+01],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06],\n",
+       "         [1.e-06]]),\n",
+       "  'NegativeLoadFollowReserveQuantity': array([[250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [250.],\n",
+       "         [800.],\n",
+       "         [200.],\n",
+       "         [160.]]),\n",
+       "  'CommitKey': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [2.],\n",
+       "         [2.],\n",
+       "         [2.]]),\n",
+       "  'InitialState': array([[inf],\n",
+       "         [inf],\n",
+       "         [inf],\n",
+       "         [inf],\n",
+       "         [inf],\n",
+       "         [inf]]),\n",
+       "  'MinUp': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [3.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.]]),\n",
+       "  'MinDown': array([[1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.],\n",
+       "         [1.]])},\n",
+       " {'UnitIdx': 6.0,\n",
+       "  'ExpectedTerminalStorageAim': [],\n",
+       "  'ExpectedTerminalStorageMin': [],\n",
+       "  'ExpectedTerminalStorageMax': [],\n",
+       "  'rho': 0.0,\n",
+       "  'TerminalChargingPrice0': [],\n",
+       "  'TerminalDischargingPrice0': [],\n",
+       "  'TerminalChargingPriceK': [],\n",
+       "  'TerminalDischargingPriceK': [],\n",
+       "  'OutEff': 1.0,\n",
+       "  'InEff': 1.0,\n",
+       "  'LossFactor': 1e-05,\n",
+       "  'InitialStorage': 0.0,\n",
+       "  'InitialStorageLowerBound': 0.0,\n",
+       "  'InitialStorageUpperBound': 200.0,\n",
+       "  'InitialStorageCost': 45.166667,\n",
+       "  'TerminalStoragePrice': 45.166667,\n",
+       "  'MinStorageLevel': 0.0,\n",
+       "  'MaxStorageLevel': 200.0}]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 23,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "[iess, mpc, xgd, sd] = m.addstorage(\"ex_storage\", mpc, xgd, nout=4)\n",
+    "[iess, mpc, xgd, sd]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "id": "159b9137",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "m.exit()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "35fe9966",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "env",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.14.2"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}
diff --git a/notebooks/load_t_case30_userfcns.ipynb b/notebooks/load_t_case30_userfcns.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39d9b92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notebooks/load_t_case30_userfcns.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "id": "eae79aa2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# # install octave\n",
+    "# !sudo apt-get -qq update\n",
+    "# !sudo apt-get -qq install octave octave-signal liboctave-dev\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# # install oct2py that compatible with colab\n",
+    "# import os\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# from pkg_resources import get_distribution\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# os.system(\n",
+    "#     f\"pip install -qq\"\n",
+    "#     f\" ipykernel=={get_distribution('ipykernel').version}\"\n",
+    "#     f\" ipython=={get_distribution('ipython').version}\"\n",
+    "#     f\" tornado=={get_distribution('tornado').version}\"\n",
+    "#     f\" oct2py\"\n",
+    "# )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# # install packages\n",
+    "# !pip install -qq matpower matpowercaseframes"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "id": "5bc86ee4",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "oct2py version: 5.8.0\n",
+      "matpower version: 8.1.0.2.2.3\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "import matpower\n",
+    "import oct2py\n",
+    "\n",
+    "print(f\"oct2py version: {oct2py.__version__}\")\n",
+    "print(f\"matpower version: {matpower.__version__}\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "id": "3116b86b",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import os\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "from matpower import path_matpower, start_instance"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "id": "10fd2d91",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "path_t_cases = os.path.join(path_matpower, \"lib/t\")"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "id": "7e230eb0",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "m = start_instance()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "id": "6d93dd06",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'version': '2',\n",
+       " 'baseMVA': 100.0,\n",
+       " 'bus': array([[1.00e+00, 3.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.00e+00, 2.00e+00, 2.17e+01, 1.27e+01, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.10e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [3.00e+02, 1.00e+00, 2.40e+00, 1.20e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [4.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 7.60e+00, 1.60e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [5.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.90e-01,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [6.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [7.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 2.28e+01, 1.09e+01, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [8.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 3.00e+01, 3.00e+01, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [9.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.00e+01, 1.00e+00, 5.80e+00, 2.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.10e+01, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.20e+01, 1.00e+00, 1.12e+01, 7.50e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.30e+01, 2.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.10e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.40e+01, 1.00e+00, 6.20e+00, 1.60e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.50e+01, 1.00e+00, 8.20e+00, 2.50e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.60e+01, 1.00e+00, 3.50e+00, 1.80e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.70e+01, 1.00e+00, 9.00e+00, 5.80e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.80e+01, 1.00e+00, 3.20e+00, 9.00e-01, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [1.90e+01, 1.00e+00, 9.50e+00, 3.40e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.00e+01, 1.00e+00, 2.20e+00, 7.00e-01, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.10e+01, 1.00e+00, 1.75e+01, 1.12e+01, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.20e+01, 2.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.10e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.30e+01, 2.00e+00, 3.20e+00, 1.60e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         2.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.10e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.40e+01, 1.00e+00, 8.70e+00, 6.70e+00, 0.00e+00, 4.00e-02,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.50e+01, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.60e+01, 1.00e+00, 3.50e+00, 2.30e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.70e+01, 2.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.10e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.80e+01, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         1.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [2.90e+01, 1.00e+00, 2.40e+00, 9.00e-01, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01],\n",
+       "        [3.00e+01, 1.00e+00, 1.06e+01, 1.90e+00, 0.00e+00, 0.00e+00,\n",
+       "         3.00e+00, 1.00e+00, 0.00e+00, 1.35e+02, 1.00e+00, 1.05e+00,\n",
+       "         9.50e-01]]),\n",
+       " 'gen': array([[  1.  ,  23.54,   0.  , 150.  , -20.  ,   1.  , 100.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "          80.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ],\n",
+       "        [  2.  ,  60.97,   0.  ,  60.  , -20.  ,   1.  , 100.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "          80.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ],\n",
+       "        [ 22.  ,  21.59,   0.  ,  62.5 , -15.  ,   1.  , 100.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "          50.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ],\n",
+       "        [ 27.  ,  26.91,   0.  ,  48.7 , -15.  ,   1.  , 100.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "          55.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ],\n",
+       "        [ 23.  ,  19.2 ,   0.  ,  40.  , -10.  ,   1.  , 100.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "          30.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ],\n",
+       "        [ 13.  ,  37.  ,   0.  ,  44.7 , -15.  ,   1.  , 100.  ,   1.  ,\n",
+       "          40.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,\n",
+       "           0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ,   0.  ]]),\n",
+       " 'branch': array([[ 1.0e+00,  2.0e+00,  2.0e-02,  6.0e-02,  3.0e-02,  1.3e+02,\n",
+       "          1.3e+02,  1.3e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.0e+00,  3.0e+02,  5.0e-02,  1.9e-01,  2.0e-02,  1.3e+02,\n",
+       "          1.3e+02,  1.3e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.0e+00,  4.0e+00,  6.0e-02,  1.7e-01,  2.0e-02,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 3.0e+02,  4.0e+00,  1.0e-02,  4.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  1.3e+02,\n",
+       "          1.3e+02,  1.3e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.0e+00,  5.0e+00,  5.0e-02,  2.0e-01,  2.0e-02,  1.3e+02,\n",
+       "          1.3e+02,  1.3e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.0e+00,  6.0e+00,  6.0e-02,  1.8e-01,  2.0e-02,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 4.0e+00,  6.0e+00,  1.0e-02,  4.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  9.0e+01,\n",
+       "          9.0e+01,  9.0e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 5.0e+00,  7.0e+00,  5.0e-02,  1.2e-01,  1.0e-02,  7.0e+01,\n",
+       "          7.0e+01,  7.0e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 6.0e+00,  7.0e+00,  3.0e-02,  8.0e-02,  1.0e-02,  1.3e+02,\n",
+       "          1.3e+02,  1.3e+02,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 6.0e+00,  8.0e+00,  1.0e-02,  4.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 6.0e+00,  9.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  2.1e-01,  0.0e+00,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 6.0e+00,  1.0e+01,  0.0e+00,  5.6e-01,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 9.0e+00,  1.1e+01,  0.0e+00,  2.1e-01,  0.0e+00,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 9.0e+00,  1.0e+01,  0.0e+00,  1.1e-01,  0.0e+00,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 4.0e+00,  1.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  2.6e-01,  0.0e+00,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.2e+01,  1.3e+01,  0.0e+00,  1.4e-01,  0.0e+00,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.2e+01,  1.4e+01,  1.2e-01,  2.6e-01,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.2e+01,  1.5e+01,  7.0e-02,  1.3e-01,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.2e+01,  1.6e+01,  9.0e-02,  2.0e-01,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.4e+01,  1.5e+01,  2.2e-01,  2.0e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.6e+01,  1.7e+01,  8.0e-02,  1.9e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.5e+01,  1.8e+01,  1.1e-01,  2.2e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.8e+01,  1.9e+01,  6.0e-02,  1.3e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.9e+01,  2.0e+01,  3.0e-02,  7.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.0e+01,  2.0e+01,  9.0e-02,  2.1e-01,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.0e+01,  1.7e+01,  3.0e-02,  8.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.0e+01,  2.1e+01,  3.0e-02,  7.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.0e+01,  2.2e+01,  7.0e-02,  1.5e-01,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.1e+01,  2.2e+01,  1.0e-02,  2.0e-02,  0.0e+00,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 1.5e+01,  2.3e+01,  1.0e-01,  2.0e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.2e+01,  2.4e+01,  1.2e-01,  1.8e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.3e+01,  2.4e+01,  1.3e-01,  2.7e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.4e+01,  2.5e+01,  1.9e-01,  3.3e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.5e+01,  2.6e+01,  2.5e-01,  3.8e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.5e+01,  2.7e+01,  1.1e-01,  2.1e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.8e+01,  2.7e+01,  0.0e+00,  4.0e-01,  0.0e+00,  6.5e+01,\n",
+       "          6.5e+01,  6.5e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.7e+01,  2.9e+01,  2.2e-01,  4.2e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.7e+01,  3.0e+01,  3.2e-01,  6.0e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 2.9e+01,  3.0e+01,  2.4e-01,  4.5e-01,  0.0e+00,  1.6e+01,\n",
+       "          1.6e+01,  1.6e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 8.0e+00,  2.8e+01,  6.0e-02,  2.0e-01,  2.0e-02,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02],\n",
+       "        [ 6.0e+00,  2.8e+01,  2.0e-02,  6.0e-02,  1.0e-02,  3.2e+01,\n",
+       "          3.2e+01,  3.2e+01,  0.0e+00,  0.0e+00,  1.0e+00, -3.6e+02,\n",
+       "          3.6e+02]]),\n",
+       " 'gencost': array([[2.     , 0.     , 0.     , 3.     , 0.02   , 2.     , 0.     ],\n",
+       "        [2.     , 0.     , 0.     , 3.     , 0.0175 , 1.75   , 0.     ],\n",
+       "        [2.     , 0.     , 0.     , 3.     , 0.0625 , 1.     , 0.     ],\n",
+       "        [2.     , 0.     , 0.     , 3.     , 0.00834, 3.25   , 0.     ],\n",
+       "        [2.     , 0.     , 0.     , 3.     , 0.025  , 3.     , 0.     ],\n",
+       "        [2.     , 0.     , 0.     , 3.     , 0.025  , 3.     , 0.     ]]),\n",
+       " 'reserves': {'zones': array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
+       "         [0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.]]),\n",
+       "  'req': array([[60.],\n",
+       "         [20.]]),\n",
+       "  'cost': array([[1.9],\n",
+       "         [2. ],\n",
+       "         [3. ],\n",
+       "         [4. ],\n",
+       "         [5. ],\n",
+       "         [5.5]]),\n",
+       "  'qty': array([[25.],\n",
+       "         [25.],\n",
+       "         [25.],\n",
+       "         [25.],\n",
+       "         [25.],\n",
+       "         [25.]])},\n",
+       " 'if': {'map': array([[  1., -12.],\n",
+       "         [  1., -14.],\n",
+       "         [  1., -15.],\n",
+       "         [  1., -36.],\n",
+       "         [  2.,  15.],\n",
+       "         [  2.,  25.],\n",
+       "         [  2.,  26.],\n",
+       "         [  2., -32.],\n",
+       "         [  3.,  12.],\n",
+       "         [  3.,  14.],\n",
+       "         [  3., -25.],\n",
+       "         [  3., -26.],\n",
+       "         [  3.,  32.],\n",
+       "         [  3.,  36.]]),\n",
+       "  'lims': array([[  1., -15.,  25.],\n",
+       "         [  2., -10.,  20.]])}}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# load single most example case\n",
+    "mpc = m.loadcase(os.path.join(path_t_cases, \"t_case30_userfcns.m\"))\n",
+    "mpc"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "id": "b6bbbce4",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "dict_keys(['version', 'baseMVA', 'bus', 'gen', 'branch', 'gencost', 'reserves', 'if'])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc.keys()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "id": "ea66211a",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from matpowercaseframes.constants import COLUMNS"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "id": "a911808f",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "dict_keys(['bus', 'gen', 'branch', 'dcline', 'if', 'gencost', 'dclinecost', 'bus_name', 'branch_name', 'gen_name', 'case'])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "COLUMNS.keys()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "id": "f63470e2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'baseMVA', 'reserves', 'version'}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc_keys = set(mpc.keys())\n",
+    "columns_keys = set(COLUMNS.keys())\n",
+    "missing_keys = mpc_keys - columns_keys\n",
+    "missing_keys"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "id": "8577fe89",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'zones': array([[1., 1., 1., 1., 1., 1.],\n",
+       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.]]),\n",
+       " 'req': array([[60.],\n",
+       "        [20.]]),\n",
+       " 'cost': array([[1.9],\n",
+       "        [2. ],\n",
+       "        [3. ],\n",
+       "        [4. ],\n",
+       "        [5. ],\n",
+       "        [5.5]]),\n",
+       " 'qty': array([[25.],\n",
+       "        [25.],\n",
+       "        [25.],\n",
+       "        [25.],\n",
+       "        [25.],\n",
+       "        [25.]])}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "mpc.reserves"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "f46abaea",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Reserve Data\n",
+    "reserve zones, element i, j is 1 if gen j is in zone i, 0 otherwise.\n",
+    "dimension (zone, gen)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.zones = [\n",
+    "\t1\t1\t1\t0;\n",
+    "];\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Mapped to `DataFrame` with index follows zone index (from 1), and columns follows\n",
+    "generator index (cf.gen.index)."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "id": "370d5e7c",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "gen     1    2    3    4    5    6\n",
+       "zone                              \n",
+       "1     1.0  1.0  1.0  1.0  1.0  1.0\n",
+       "2     0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0  1.0  1.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 12,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "reserves_zone = mpc.reserves.zones\n",
+    "n_zones, n_gens = reserves_zone.shape\n",
+    "df_reserves_zone = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    reserves_zone,\n",
+    "    index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name=\"zone\"),\n",
+    "    columns=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_gens + 1, name=\"gen\"),\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_zone"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "765a409f",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "reserve requirements for each zone in MW\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.req = [60; 20];\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "or\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.req = 150;\n",
+    "```\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Mapped to `DataFrame` with index follows zone index (from 1), and single column 'PREQ'."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "id": "b817c54f",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PREQ</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>zone</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      PREQ\n",
+       "zone      \n",
+       "1     60.0\n",
+       "2     20.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "reserves_req = mpc.reserves.req\n",
+    "df_reserves_req = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    reserves_req,\n",
+    "    index=pd.RangeIndex(start=1, stop=n_zones + 1, name=\"zone\"),\n",
+    "    columns=[\"PREQ\"],\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_req"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "id": "227155ed",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "RangeIndex(start=1, stop=7, step=1, name='gen')"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 14,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df_reserves_zone_sum = df_reserves_zone.sum(axis=0)\n",
+    "idx_gen_with_reserves = df_reserves_zone_sum[df_reserves_zone_sum > 0].index\n",
+    "idx_gen_with_reserves"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "id": "8c5f69a2",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>C1</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      C1\n",
+       "gen     \n",
+       "1    1.9\n",
+       "2    2.0\n",
+       "3    3.0\n",
+       "4    4.0\n",
+       "5    5.0\n",
+       "6    5.5"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 15,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "reserves_cost = mpc.reserves.cost\n",
+    "df_reserves_cost = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    reserves_cost, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=[\"C1\"]\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_cost"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "id": "8be24e2e",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "max reserve quantities for each gen that belongs to at least 1 zone. (same order as\n",
+    "gens, but skipping any gen that does not belong to any zone)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "```octave\n",
+    "mpc.reserves.qty = [\t25;\t25;\t25;\t25;\t25;\t25\t];\n",
+    "```"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "id": "bd64557b",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>PQTY</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>gen</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     PQTY\n",
+       "gen      \n",
+       "1    25.0\n",
+       "2    25.0\n",
+       "3    25.0\n",
+       "4    25.0\n",
+       "5    25.0\n",
+       "6    25.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df_reserves_qty = pd.DataFrame(\n",
+    "    mpc.reserves.qty, index=idx_gen_with_reserves, columns=[\"PQTY\"]\n",
+    ")\n",
+    "df_reserves_qty"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "id": "6bda4dbb",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "{'map': array([[  1., -12.],\n",
+       "        [  1., -14.],\n",
+       "        [  1., -15.],\n",
+       "        [  1., -36.],\n",
+       "        [  2.,  15.],\n",
+       "        [  2.,  25.],\n",
+       "        [  2.,  26.],\n",
+       "        [  2., -32.],\n",
+       "        [  3.,  12.],\n",
+       "        [  3.,  14.],\n",
+       "        [  3., -25.],\n",
+       "        [  3., -26.],\n",
+       "        [  3.,  32.],\n",
+       "        [  3.,  36.]]),\n",
+       " 'lims': array([[  1., -15.,  25.],\n",
+       "        [  2., -10.,  20.]])}"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# TODO: mpc.if (need to use mpc['if'])\n",
+    "mpc[\"if\"]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "id": "159b9137",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "m.exit()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "id": "35fe9966",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "env",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.14.2"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 5
+}
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 1cb39d7..428e823 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ dev = [
   "oct2py>=5.5.1",  # latest support for 3.7
   "openpyxl>=3.1.2",
   "pandas>=1.2.0",
-  "pre-commit>=2.21.0",
-  "pytest>=7.2.0",
-  "pytest-cov>=4.0.0",
-  "pytest-xdist>=3.1.0",
-  "ruff>=0.6.4",
+  "pre-commit>=3.8.0",
+  "pytest>=9.0.2",
+  "pytest-cov>=7.0.0",
+  "pytest-xdist>=3.8.0",
+  "ruff>=0.14.10",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
diff --git a/requirements-all.txt b/requirements-all.txt
index 4513486..2950b7a 100644
--- a/requirements-all.txt
+++ b/requirements-all.txt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-pandas==2.3.3
-numpy==2.4.0
+pandas==3.0.0rc1
+numpy==2.4.1
 
 openpyxl==3.1.5
 
 oct2py==5.8.0
 matpower==8.1.0.2.2.3
 
-pre-commit==3.8.0
-ruff==0.14.10
+pre-commit==4.5.1
+ruff==0.14.13
 setuptools==80.9.0
 
 pytest==9.0.2