diff --git a/training/train.py b/training/train.py
index d3139f7..8c5d86f 100644
--- a/training/train.py
+++ b/training/train.py
@@ -24,6 +24,53 @@
 
 torch._dynamo.config.optimize_ddp = False
 
+
+def build_adamw_param_groups(model, weight_decay: float, no_decay_names: set = None):
+    """
+    Build parameter groups with proper weight decay filtering.
+    
+    Following best practices from MAE, DeiT, OpenCLIP:
+    - No weight decay for 1D parameters (biases, LayerNorm/RMSNorm weights)
+    - No weight decay for special learned tokens (probe, cls_token, pos_embed, etc.)
+    
+    Args:
+        model: PyTorch model
+        weight_decay: Weight decay value for decayed parameters
+        no_decay_names: Set of parameter name substrings to exclude from decay
+    
+    Returns:
+        List of param group dicts for optimizer
+    """
+    if no_decay_names is None:
+        no_decay_names = set()
+    
+    decay_params = []
+    no_decay_params = []
+    
+    for name, param in model.named_parameters():
+        if not param.requires_grad:
+            continue
+        
+        # Check if parameter should be excluded from weight decay
+        # 1. 1D parameters (biases, norm weights) - shape-based rule
+        # 2. Special tokens/embeddings - name-based rule
+        should_no_decay = (
+            param.ndim < 2 or 
+            name.endswith(".bias") or
+            any(nd_name in name for nd_name in no_decay_names)
+        )
+        
+        if should_no_decay:
+            no_decay_params.append(param)
+        else:
+            decay_params.append(param)
+    
+    return [
+        {"params": no_decay_params, "weight_decay": 0.0},
+        {"params": decay_params, "weight_decay": weight_decay},
+    ]
+
+
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Multi-dataset video training")
 
 # General
@@ -291,13 +338,15 @@ def _expand(name, v):
     if args.finetune_backbone:
         backbone.requires_grad_(True)
 
-    backbone_parameters = filter(lambda p: p.requires_grad, backbone.parameters())
+    # Build backbone parameter groups with proper weight decay filtering
+    # Exclude: 1D params (biases, norm weights), special tokens (probe, pos_embed, cls_token)
+    no_decay_names = {"probe", "pos_embed", "cls_token", "mask_token", "query_tokens", "latents"}
+    backbone_param_groups = build_adamw_param_groups(backbone, args.weight_decay, no_decay_names)
 
     dict_pfc_modules = {}
     list_module_pfc = []
-    parameters: list[dict] = [
-        {"params": backbone_parameters},
-    ]
+    # Start with backbone param groups (already has decay/no_decay split)
+    parameters: list[dict] = backbone_param_groups.copy()
 
     for head_id, _ in enumerate(range(args.num_heads)):
         head_name = args.list_head_names[head_id]
@@ -348,8 +397,9 @@ def _expand(name, v):
 
     if args.opt == "adamw":
         optimizer_cls = torch.optim.AdamW
-
-        opt = optimizer_cls(parameters, lr=args.lr, weight_decay=args.weight_decay)
+        # Note: weight_decay is already set per-group in backbone_param_groups and PFC groups
+        # Pass weight_decay=0 at optimizer level to avoid double-applying
+        opt = optimizer_cls(parameters, lr=args.lr, weight_decay=0.0)
         lr_scheduler = PolynomialLRWarmup(opt, int(args.total_steps * args.warmup_ratio), args.total_steps, 2)
     else:
         raise ValueError(f"{args.opt} not support!")